Distributions of the Ne1 and Ne2 alleles for type 1 hybrid necrosis, and Ch1 allele for type 1 hybrid chlorosis in two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides (wild emmer wheat) and T. araraticum (wild timopheevi wheat), have been investigated by crossing the collections of these species from their entire distribution areas with their appropriate testers. The frequencies of the Ne1 and Ch1 alleles were 53% and 13%, respectively, in T. dicoccoides; whereas they were 69% and 0% in T. araraticum. The Ne2 allele was not found in both species. The Ne1 allele of T. dicoccoides was mainly Ne1m, while that of T. araraticum was mainly Ne1w. The frequency of the Ch1 allele differed significantly between the two species. These facts indicate that the emmer and timopheevi groups of tetraploid wheat had been differentiated genetically before their domestication. On the frequencies of the Ne1 and Ch1 alleles, Israeli T. dicoccoides revealed high genetic homogeneity within local populations. While there was extreme variability among these populations, they showed no geographical inclination of their frequencies. These alleles are assumed to be neutral for selection and have been randomly fixed in most populations. A limited numbers of Sitopsis accessions of the genus Aegilops were tested for the two alleles, Ne1 and Ne2. None of them carried these alleles. Thus, the origin of the Ne1 alleles found in tetraploid wheats could not be traced back to any Sitopsis species.
{"title":"Distribution of the necrosis and chlorosis genes in two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides and T. araraticum","authors":"N. Mori, K. Tsunewaki","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.371","url":null,"abstract":"Distributions of the Ne1 and Ne2 alleles for type 1 hybrid necrosis, and Ch1 allele for type 1 hybrid chlorosis in two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides (wild emmer wheat) and T. araraticum (wild timopheevi wheat), have been investigated by crossing the collections of these species from their entire distribution areas with their appropriate testers. The frequencies of the Ne1 and Ch1 alleles were 53% and 13%, respectively, in T. dicoccoides; whereas they were 69% and 0% in T. araraticum. The Ne2 allele was not found in both species. The Ne1 allele of T. dicoccoides was mainly Ne1m, while that of T. araraticum was mainly Ne1w. The frequency of the Ch1 allele differed significantly between the two species. These facts indicate that the emmer and timopheevi groups of tetraploid wheat had been differentiated genetically before their domestication. On the frequencies of the Ne1 and Ch1 alleles, Israeli T. dicoccoides revealed high genetic homogeneity within local populations. While there was extreme variability among these populations, they showed no geographical inclination of their frequencies. These alleles are assumed to be neutral for selection and have been randomly fixed in most populations. A limited numbers of Sitopsis accessions of the genus Aegilops were tested for the two alleles, Ne1 and Ne2. None of them carried these alleles. Thus, the origin of the Ne1 alleles found in tetraploid wheats could not be traced back to any Sitopsis species.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"3 1","pages":"371-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89695335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tohru Suzuki, N. Mori, C. Nakamura, I. Panayotov, C. Kaneda
{"title":"Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of alloplasmic common wheat with cytoplasms of Agropyron glaucum, Ag. trichophorum and Haynaldia villosa","authors":"Tohru Suzuki, N. Mori, C. Nakamura, I. Panayotov, C. Kaneda","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"155 1","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75098497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nucleolar organizers (NORs) and centromeres in the somatic metaphase chromosomes (2n = 22) of Cycas revoluta Thunb. were differentially stained by silver staining and Cd-staining. Silver deposits (Ag-NORs) were located at the terminal end of the long arm of four submetacentric chromosomes and nine telocentric chromosomes. The maximum number of nucleoli per nucleus was 13. In situ hybridization with biotin-labeled rDNA revealed that rRNA genes were located at the terminal ends of four submetacentric chromosomes and all 12 telocentric chromosomes. Most of the signals of rDNA coincided to Ag-NORs. Differential staining with the DNA base specific fluorochromes indicated that the NORs were GC-rich and the centromeres were AT-rich. The proximal and terminal regions of the telocentric chromosomes were GC-rich. A few interstitial GC- and AT-rich bands were observed in some chromosomes.
{"title":"Differential staining and in situ hybridization of nucleolar organizers and centromeres in Cycas revoluta chromosomes","authors":"M. Hizume, F. Ishida, K. Kondo","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.381","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleolar organizers (NORs) and centromeres in the somatic metaphase chromosomes (2n = 22) of Cycas revoluta Thunb. were differentially stained by silver staining and Cd-staining. Silver deposits (Ag-NORs) were located at the terminal end of the long arm of four submetacentric chromosomes and nine telocentric chromosomes. The maximum number of nucleoli per nucleus was 13. In situ hybridization with biotin-labeled rDNA revealed that rRNA genes were located at the terminal ends of four submetacentric chromosomes and all 12 telocentric chromosomes. Most of the signals of rDNA coincided to Ag-NORs. Differential staining with the DNA base specific fluorochromes indicated that the NORs were GC-rich and the centromeres were AT-rich. The proximal and terminal regions of the telocentric chromosomes were GC-rich. A few interstitial GC- and AT-rich bands were observed in some chromosomes.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"381-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88242066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One hybrid embryo of intersectional origin between Oryza australiensis Domin (W008, 2n=24) and O. ridleyi Hook. (W0001, 2n=48) was successfully obtained. The Fl hybrid had the expected chromosome number of 36 in the somatic cells. The average of meiotic chromosome pairing was 0.24II+34.27I. Meiotic irregularities, such as bridge, laggards and unequal separation of univalents were observed at almost all PMCs. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the two genomes of O. ridleyi differ from the EE genome of O. australiensis.
Oryza australiensis Domin (W008, 2n=24)与O. ridleyi Hook杂交起源的一个杂种胚胎。(W0001, 2n=48)。该杂种体细胞染色体数达到预期的36条。减数分裂染色体配对的平均值为0.24 i +34.27I。减数分裂不规则，如桥，滞后和不均匀分离的单价几乎在所有的pmc观察。这一分析得出结论，南稻稻的两个基因组与南稻稻的EE基因组不同。
{"title":"Intersectional hybridization between Oryza australiensis Domin and O. ridleyi Hook","authors":"T. Katayama","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.415","url":null,"abstract":"One hybrid embryo of intersectional origin between Oryza australiensis Domin (W008, 2n=24) and O. ridleyi Hook. (W0001, 2n=48) was successfully obtained. The Fl hybrid had the expected chromosome number of 36 in the somatic cells. The average of meiotic chromosome pairing was 0.24II+34.27I. Meiotic irregularities, such as bridge, laggards and unequal separation of univalents were observed at almost all PMCs. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the two genomes of O. ridleyi differ from the EE genome of O. australiensis.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"46 1","pages":"415-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91269439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic variation and geographical diversity of five natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica in western Japan were investigated for nine allozyme loci. Genetic variation of this species was somewhat lower than the other coniferous species. Most of the variation was attributable within population (98.16%) rather than between populations (1.84%). The GST value was only .0156 and genetic distances between populations were also small, averaging .0062. These results indicate that natural Cryptomeria forests in western Japan have maintained relatively middle genetic variation, comparing with the other conifer species, but these populations were not genetically differentiated each other.
{"title":"Allozyme variation of five natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica in western Japan","authors":"Y. Tsumura, K. Ohba","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.299","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic variation and geographical diversity of five natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica in western Japan were investigated for nine allozyme loci. Genetic variation of this species was somewhat lower than the other coniferous species. Most of the variation was attributable within population (98.16%) rather than between populations (1.84%). The GST value was only .0156 and genetic distances between populations were also small, averaging .0062. These results indicate that natural Cryptomeria forests in western Japan have maintained relatively middle genetic variation, comparing with the other conifer species, but these populations were not genetically differentiated each other.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"299-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic manipulation of rice: from protoplasts to transgenic plants","authors":"K. Shimamoto","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"17 1","pages":"273-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73364878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To clarify the DNA structure of the B chromosome of rye, Secale cereale L., we carried out in situ hybridization using probes of two highly repetitive sequences (pSc74 and pSc119) of rye A chromosome, of total genomic DNAs from plants with (4 B) or without (0 B) B chromosomes, and probes of fractionated genomic DNA (1.14-kb and 1.28-kb sequences) from a 4 B plant. Clones pSc74 and pSc119 did not hybridize to the B chromosomes except at small interstitial sites. A probe consisting of the total DNA of a 0 B plant hybridized over the entire length of all the A and B chromosomes except for the telomeric C-band region of the long arm of the B chromosome. A probe of total DNA from a 4B plant produced signals only in the terminal C-band region after prehybridization with the 0 B plant DNA. A probe consisting of DraI-digested 1.14-kb fragments from a 4B plant hybridized to the telomeric region of the B chromosome, whereas one of 1.28-kb fragments did so to an interstitial region of the A chromosome. On the basis of the in situ hybridization, and the cytological and molecular biological results, we assume that the B chromosome in rye originated once in the distant past and was then perpetuated in the populations.
为了明确黑麦(Secale cereale L.) B染色体的DNA结构，我们利用黑麦A染色体的两个高度重复序列(pSc74和pSc119)、带有(4b)或不带有(0b) B染色体的植株的总基因组DNA和来自4b植株的分离基因组DNA (1.14 kb和1.28 kb序列)的探针进行原位杂交。克隆pSc74和pSc119除了在小的间质位点外没有与B染色体杂交。将一株0b植物的总DNA组成探针，在除B染色体长臂端粒c带区域外的所有A和B染色体的整个长度上杂交。一个4B植物的总DNA探针在与0b植物DNA预杂交后，仅在末端c波段产生信号。由drai消化的来自4B植物的1.14 kb片段组成的探针杂交到B染色体的端粒区，而由1.28 kb片段组成的探针杂交到A染色体的端粒区。根据原位杂交和细胞学和分子生物学结果，我们认为黑麦的B染色体起源于遥远的过去，然后在群体中延续。
{"title":"DNA structure of the B chromosome of rye revealed by in situ hybridization using repetitive sequences","authors":"H. Tsujimoto, K. Niwa","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.233","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify the DNA structure of the B chromosome of rye, Secale cereale L., we carried out in situ hybridization using probes of two highly repetitive sequences (pSc74 and pSc119) of rye A chromosome, of total genomic DNAs from plants with (4 B) or without (0 B) B chromosomes, and probes of fractionated genomic DNA (1.14-kb and 1.28-kb sequences) from a 4 B plant. Clones pSc74 and pSc119 did not hybridize to the B chromosomes except at small interstitial sites. A probe consisting of the total DNA of a 0 B plant hybridized over the entire length of all the A and B chromosomes except for the telomeric C-band region of the long arm of the B chromosome. A probe of total DNA from a 4B plant produced signals only in the terminal C-band region after prehybridization with the 0 B plant DNA. A probe consisting of DraI-digested 1.14-kb fragments from a 4B plant hybridized to the telomeric region of the B chromosome, whereas one of 1.28-kb fragments did so to an interstitial region of the A chromosome. On the basis of the in situ hybridization, and the cytological and molecular biological results, we assume that the B chromosome in rye originated once in the distant past and was then perpetuated in the populations.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"13 1","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82377649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deletion mapping was conducted to locate a fertility-restoring gene (Rfv1) of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) against the male-sterility-causing cytoplasm of Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. Since this gene had been known to be located on the satellited short arm of chromosome 1B of a common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, we first produced alloplasmic deletion lines of Chinese Spring that had the cytoplasm of Ae. kotschyi and various sizes of deletions in the 1B short arm, and then studied their male fertilities. One of the deletion chromosomes, which lost 48% of the length of the 1B satellite, still carried the Rfv1 gene, but another deletion lacking 53% of the satellite did not. All the other deletions with larger deficiencies did not carry the gene. Thus, the Rfv1 gene was located within a 5% region of the 1B satellite, where an interstitial C-band is located.
对普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)的育性恢复基因(Rfv1)进行了缺失定位，以确定该基因对Aegilops kotschyi Boiss雄性不育细胞质的抗性。由于已知该基因位于普通小麦品种中国春的1B染色体的卫星短臂上，我们首先获得了具有Ae细胞质的中国春异质缺失系。kotschyi和1B短臂上不同大小的缺失，然后研究它们的雄性生育能力。其中一条缺失的染色体失去了1B卫星长度的48%，仍然携带Rfv1基因，但另一条缺失了53%的卫星却没有。所有其他缺陷较大的缺失都不携带该基因。因此，Rfv1基因位于1B卫星的5%区域内，其中有一个间质c带。
{"title":"Physical mapping of a fertility-restoring gene against Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm in wheat","authors":"Y. Mukai, T. Endo","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.199","url":null,"abstract":"Deletion mapping was conducted to locate a fertility-restoring gene (Rfv1) of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) against the male-sterility-causing cytoplasm of Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. Since this gene had been known to be located on the satellited short arm of chromosome 1B of a common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, we first produced alloplasmic deletion lines of Chinese Spring that had the cytoplasm of Ae. kotschyi and various sizes of deletions in the 1B short arm, and then studied their male fertilities. One of the deletion chromosomes, which lost 48% of the length of the 1B satellite, still carried the Rfv1 gene, but another deletion lacking 53% of the satellite did not. All the other deletions with larger deficiencies did not carry the gene. Thus, the Rfv1 gene was located within a 5% region of the 1B satellite, where an interstitial C-band is located.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77067550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of random amplified polymorphic DNAs(RAPDs)for identification of rice accessions","authors":"S. Fukuoka, K. Hosaka, O. Kamijima","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"116 1","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77240589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C-banding patterns of the seven `Imperial' rye chromosomes and 11 derived rye telocentrics added to `Chinese Spring' were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns using biotin labeled highly repetitive rye DNA sequences pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA as probes. C-banding and ISH analyses allow the identification of all individual rye chromosomes and most chromosome arms with these probes. A C-banded karyotype of the added rye chromosomes was constructed and data on chromosome lengths, arm ratios, and fraction lengths of diagnostic C-bands are given following the nomenclature system recently recommended for wheat. Similar telomeric and interstitial localized ISH patterns were observed with pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA probes. In addition, pSc119 and total rye genomic DNA labels rye chromatin over their entire lengths, also permitting the detection of unbanded euchromatic rye chromatin transfers in wheat. All localized ISH sites correspond to dark C-banded regions; however, not all C-bands show up as hybridization sites.
{"title":"Comparison of C-banding patterns and in situ hybridization sites using highly repetitive and total genomic rye DNA probes of `Imperial' rye chromosomes added to `Chinese Spring' wheat","authors":"Y. Mukai, B. Friebe, B. Gill","doi":"10.1266/JJG.67.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.67.71","url":null,"abstract":"C-banding patterns of the seven `Imperial' rye chromosomes and 11 derived rye telocentrics added to `Chinese Spring' were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns using biotin labeled highly repetitive rye DNA sequences pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA as probes. C-banding and ISH analyses allow the identification of all individual rye chromosomes and most chromosome arms with these probes. A C-banded karyotype of the added rye chromosomes was constructed and data on chromosome lengths, arm ratios, and fraction lengths of diagnostic C-bands are given following the nomenclature system recently recommended for wheat. Similar telomeric and interstitial localized ISH patterns were observed with pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA probes. In addition, pSc119 and total rye genomic DNA labels rye chromatin over their entire lengths, also permitting the detection of unbanded euchromatic rye chromatin transfers in wheat. All localized ISH sites correspond to dark C-banded regions; however, not all C-bands show up as hybridization sites.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"17 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88586957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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