Abstract:This essay highlights the nineteenth-century trousseau list of an Ottoman Sephardi bride named Rosha Ben Gabbay. Recorded in a mix of Ladino, Turkish, and Hebrew and preserved in the archives of the Jewish community of Izmir, the ashugar lists the numerous garments, textiles, and furnishings that the bride would bring to her new home. Though rooted in the patriarchal economics of an Ottoman Jewish marriage market that continuously regarded women as sources of material and financial capital, the ashugar also reflects the tacit expectation that brides like Ben Gabbay bear a new form of cultural capital demanded by the modern age, namely the savvy negotiation of life a la turka and life a la franka. In navigating this perceived opposition that pervaded nineteenth-century Ottoman life, brides like Rosha Ben Gabbay were important mediators of modernity in the eastern Sephardi diaspora.
摘要:本文重点介绍了19世纪奥斯曼塞法迪新娘罗沙·本·加贝(Rosha Ben Gabbay)的嫁妆清单。这份由拉迪诺语、土耳其语和希伯来语混合编写的文件保存在伊兹密尔犹太社区的档案中，其中列出了新娘将带到新家的众多服装、纺织品和家具。尽管根植于奥斯曼犹太婚姻市场的父权经济，一直将女性视为物质和金融资本的来源，但阿舒加尔也反映了一种默认的期望，即像本·加贝这样的新娘承担着现代所要求的一种新的文化资本形式，即在土耳其人的生活和法兰克人的生活之间进行精明的谈判。在十九世纪的奥斯曼生活中，像Rosha Ben Gabbay这样的新娘是东西班牙裔侨民现代化的重要调解人。
{"title":"An Ottoman Sephardi Trousseau","authors":"Dina Danon","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay highlights the nineteenth-century trousseau list of an Ottoman Sephardi bride named Rosha Ben Gabbay. Recorded in a mix of Ladino, Turkish, and Hebrew and preserved in the archives of the Jewish community of Izmir, the ashugar lists the numerous garments, textiles, and furnishings that the bride would bring to her new home. Though rooted in the patriarchal economics of an Ottoman Jewish marriage market that continuously regarded women as sources of material and financial capital, the ashugar also reflects the tacit expectation that brides like Ben Gabbay bear a new form of cultural capital demanded by the modern age, namely the savvy negotiation of life a la turka and life a la franka. In navigating this perceived opposition that pervaded nineteenth-century Ottoman life, brides like Rosha Ben Gabbay were important mediators of modernity in the eastern Sephardi diaspora.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"374 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82745819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Tractate Ma'aserot of the Mishnah commences with the general rule that one is not obligated to tithe fruits and vegetables until they become edible, and follows this rule with a lengthy list of different produce items alongside the time in which each one of them can be registered as "food" and is therefore subject to tithing. This essay briefly discusses this list to elucidate the rabbinic practice of list-making as a textual, rhetorical, and cultural phenomenon. It argues that this list demonstrates the complex and multilayered textual history of the Mishnah, but also the coherent and consistent message of the Mishnah that halakhah is the ultimate way of seeing, organizing, and understanding the entire world. At the same time, this list depicts a world in which halakhah is inscribed into rather than superimposed upon the natural order, and thus rhetorically turns compliance with rabbinic law into a desired state of harmony with nature.
{"title":"The Fruits of Halakhah","authors":"Mira Balberg","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Tractate Ma'aserot of the Mishnah commences with the general rule that one is not obligated to tithe fruits and vegetables until they become edible, and follows this rule with a lengthy list of different produce items alongside the time in which each one of them can be registered as \"food\" and is therefore subject to tithing. This essay briefly discusses this list to elucidate the rabbinic practice of list-making as a textual, rhetorical, and cultural phenomenon. It argues that this list demonstrates the complex and multilayered textual history of the Mishnah, but also the coherent and consistent message of the Mishnah that halakhah is the ultimate way of seeing, organizing, and understanding the entire world. At the same time, this list depicts a world in which halakhah is inscribed into rather than superimposed upon the natural order, and thus rhetorically turns compliance with rabbinic law into a desired state of harmony with nature.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"150 1","pages":"356 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79474633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Traditional Jewish interpretations of the story of the tower of Babel, as preserved in various midrashic collections, concentrated on sins committed by the builders on account of which they deserved divine punishment. The main purpose of such an approach was to draw from the scriptural account a moral lesson, regardless of the historicity of the narrated events, their dating, chronology, etc. In contrast, medieval Karaites living in the lands of medieval Islam shifted the main focus of their exegetical interest in this text to history, including the history of the text. Exploring historicizing tendencies in medieval Karaite commentaries on this biblical narrative, this essay ponders the seemingly simple question of what made the Karaite exegetes of the time discover history and read biblical stories as true histories. It demonstrates how the exegetes' novel approach to Scripture may have resulted from their engagement with the surrounding Muslim culture, which was concerned with establishing the historical context of the qur'anic revelation and investigating the reasons and circumstances of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl). Tracing specific Islamic influences on the Karaites' reading of the story of the tower of Babel, the essay argues that they can be detected not in direct borrowings of specific interpretations, but on a meta level, owing to differences between Muslim and Jewish conceptualizations of revelation, which engendered diverging exegetical responses to Scripture in the two religions. Finally, the essay addresses the question of the Karaites' contribution to the history of Jewish exegesis of this chapter.
{"title":"Islamic Influences on the Emergence of Historical Sensibilities among the Karaites: The Story of the Tower of Babel","authors":"Marzena Zawanowska","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Traditional Jewish interpretations of the story of the tower of Babel, as preserved in various midrashic collections, concentrated on sins committed by the builders on account of which they deserved divine punishment. The main purpose of such an approach was to draw from the scriptural account a moral lesson, regardless of the historicity of the narrated events, their dating, chronology, etc. In contrast, medieval Karaites living in the lands of medieval Islam shifted the main focus of their exegetical interest in this text to history, including the history of the text. Exploring historicizing tendencies in medieval Karaite commentaries on this biblical narrative, this essay ponders the seemingly simple question of what made the Karaite exegetes of the time discover history and read biblical stories as true histories. It demonstrates how the exegetes' novel approach to Scripture may have resulted from their engagement with the surrounding Muslim culture, which was concerned with establishing the historical context of the qur'anic revelation and investigating the reasons and circumstances of revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl). Tracing specific Islamic influences on the Karaites' reading of the story of the tower of Babel, the essay argues that they can be detected not in direct borrowings of specific interpretations, but on a meta level, owing to differences between Muslim and Jewish conceptualizations of revelation, which engendered diverging exegetical responses to Scripture in the two religions. Finally, the essay addresses the question of the Karaites' contribution to the history of Jewish exegesis of this chapter.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"455 1","pages":"389 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77031957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:No document is more central to the scholarly historiography of kabbalah's "origins" than a unique letter written by R. Isaac the Blind. Since its discovery, scholars have made it the foundation for an elaborate narrative about the transmission of kabbalistic traditions from Provence to Gerona at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Scholars have not only used the letter to help reconstruct the ties between these two centers, but even to reconstruct their purported theological concerns about the transmission, composition, and dissemination of esoteric lore.The present study offers a fresh and thorough explication of this cryptic, and partly encrypted, document, which is here translated and critically edited. Whereas previous scholars focused on its exoteric opening, neglecting the esoteric central portion that spans nearly half of the letter, the author elucidates this difficult section, with the assistance of traditions attributed to Isaac and the writings of his own trustworthy nephew, Asher b. David. Particular attention is paid to Isaac's quotations from Sefer yetsirah, which reveal the central pillar of theology supporting Isaac's doctrine of mystical intentions (kavanot). This decipherment yields a new understanding of the exoteric section and of the entire correspondence between the kabbalists: they were debating the mystical-contemplative significance of certain liturgical kavanot and religious rituals (especially taking an oath by the Tetragrammaton).
摘要:在研究卡巴拉“起源”的学术史学中，没有比盲人以撒写的一封独特的信更重要的文件了。自从它被发现以来，学者们就把它作为详细叙述卡巴拉传统在13世纪初从普罗旺斯传到赫罗纳的基础。学者们不仅用这封信来帮助重建这两个中心之间的联系，甚至还重建了他们对深奥学问的传播、组成和传播所声称的神学关注。目前的研究提供了一个新的和彻底的解释这个神秘的，部分加密的文件，这是翻译和批判性编辑。先前的学者们关注的是它的开放，而忽略了贯穿全书近一半的深奥的中心部分，而作者在以撒的传统和他自己值得信赖的侄子亚设·大卫(Asher b. David)的著作的帮助下，阐明了这个困难的部分。特别注意以撒从Sefer yetsirah的引文，它揭示了支持以撒神秘意图学说(kavanot)的神学中心支柱。这种解读产生了对开放部分和卡巴拉学家之间的整个通信的新理解:他们正在辩论某些仪式卡瓦诺和宗教仪式的神秘沉思意义(特别是由四方宣誓)。
{"title":"Isaac the Blind's Letter and the History of Early Kabbalah","authors":"Avishai Bar-Asher","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:No document is more central to the scholarly historiography of kabbalah's \"origins\" than a unique letter written by R. Isaac the Blind. Since its discovery, scholars have made it the foundation for an elaborate narrative about the transmission of kabbalistic traditions from Provence to Gerona at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Scholars have not only used the letter to help reconstruct the ties between these two centers, but even to reconstruct their purported theological concerns about the transmission, composition, and dissemination of esoteric lore.The present study offers a fresh and thorough explication of this cryptic, and partly encrypted, document, which is here translated and critically edited. Whereas previous scholars focused on its exoteric opening, neglecting the esoteric central portion that spans nearly half of the letter, the author elucidates this difficult section, with the assistance of traditions attributed to Isaac and the writings of his own trustworthy nephew, Asher b. David. Particular attention is paid to Isaac's quotations from Sefer yetsirah, which reveal the central pillar of theology supporting Isaac's doctrine of mystical intentions (kavanot). This decipherment yields a new understanding of the exoteric section and of the entire correspondence between the kabbalists: they were debating the mystical-contemplative significance of certain liturgical kavanot and religious rituals (especially taking an oath by the Tetragrammaton).","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"72 1","pages":"414 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84033583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Lists and inventories permeated the experience of Jews who fell victim to the Holocaust, as well as that of those they left behind. The National Socialist and Vichy regimes were obsessive about both lists of Jews and inventories of their property. In the years and decades following the war, survivors and their heirs seeking restitution of their goods or reparations for their loss encountered entangled bureaucracies, each requiring their own form and rhetoric of inventory. This article explicates the work lists and inventories did for both oppressors and victims, as well as the rich insights they offer historians.
{"title":"Holocaust Lists and Inventories: Recording Death vs. Traces of Lived Lives","authors":"Leora Auslander","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Lists and inventories permeated the experience of Jews who fell victim to the Holocaust, as well as that of those they left behind. The National Socialist and Vichy regimes were obsessive about both lists of Jews and inventories of their property. In the years and decades following the war, survivors and their heirs seeking restitution of their goods or reparations for their loss encountered entangled bureaucracies, each requiring their own form and rhetoric of inventory. This article explicates the work lists and inventories did for both oppressors and victims, as well as the rich insights they offer historians.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"347 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81424695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the autumn of 1713, as plague ravaged the city of Prague, the offices of the Habsburg monarchy drafted a list of the salaries of Jews working to ameliorate conditions within the Prague ghetto, which the monarchy had sealed off from the rest of the city. The list reveals the state of plague response in this premodern Jewish ghetto—of barbers, nurses, care for the sick and the dead, as well as study and prayer—and its financial cost to the community. The production and archival maintenance of the list may also hint at the tensions between Jewish self-governance and state administration. Its creation, an act of budgeting and good order, may not simply have been the product of Jewish compliance with Habsburg record-keeping, but may even have been a barter of information on paper for practical non-interference in affairs of the Jewish community.
{"title":"Order in Crisis: Jewish Relief Workers during the Prague Plague of 1713","authors":"Joshua Teplitsky","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the autumn of 1713, as plague ravaged the city of Prague, the offices of the Habsburg monarchy drafted a list of the salaries of Jews working to ameliorate conditions within the Prague ghetto, which the monarchy had sealed off from the rest of the city. The list reveals the state of plague response in this premodern Jewish ghetto—of barbers, nurses, care for the sick and the dead, as well as study and prayer—and its financial cost to the community. The production and archival maintenance of the list may also hint at the tensions between Jewish self-governance and state administration. Its creation, an act of budgeting and good order, may not simply have been the product of Jewish compliance with Habsburg record-keeping, but may even have been a barter of information on paper for practical non-interference in affairs of the Jewish community.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"362 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91237097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay describes a list of planetary horocrators—that is, the planets ruling each hour of the week—found in an eleventh-century manuscript from the Cairo Genizah. Four different fragments of this manuscript have thus far been identified, and they enable the reconstruction of the list's original layout. Such a list can easily be tabulated, but the medieval Jewish scribe who produced it preferred to spell it out in its entirety, and in a very disorganized manner. In part, this was because the Jews of medieval Cairo were more used to working with lists than with tables. But given his interest in various methods of divination (his manuscript also included a handbook of goralot, or lot-casting), our scribe may have deemed that the cumbersome and opaque layout of his list might enhance its perceived validity.
{"title":"Stars without a Table: Planetary Horocrators from the Cairo Geniza","authors":"G. Bohak","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay describes a list of planetary horocrators—that is, the planets ruling each hour of the week—found in an eleventh-century manuscript from the Cairo Genizah. Four different fragments of this manuscript have thus far been identified, and they enable the reconstruction of the list's original layout. Such a list can easily be tabulated, but the medieval Jewish scribe who produced it preferred to spell it out in its entirety, and in a very disorganized manner. In part, this was because the Jews of medieval Cairo were more used to working with lists than with tables. But given his interest in various methods of divination (his manuscript also included a handbook of goralot, or lot-casting), our scribe may have deemed that the cumbersome and opaque layout of his list might enhance its perceived validity.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"380 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86620138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Aaron David Gordon's life and writings have been gaining renewed interest in recent years. The prevailing position among scholars is that, in contrast to his articles, his philosophical magnum opus, Man and Nature, was not written in response to public polemics in the New Yishuv, but rather as a philosophical study, intentionally kept distant from the events of the hour. In contrast, this study demonstrates that Gordon wrote the first chapter of Man and Nature, which bears the book's title and delineates its conceptual framework, as a critical response to Life and Nature (1909) by Yehuda Leib Metmann (1869–1939), the founder of the Hebrew Gymnasium. In his Man and Nature, Gordon came out against Metmann's educational vision, which called for gaining control of nature in the Land of Israel by means of rigorous scientific investigation, in the spirit of the Baconian slogan "knowledge is power." Exploring Gordon's critique of Metmann's Life and Nature may shed new light not only on the circumstances that led to the writing of one of the major Jewish philosophical works of the twentieth century, but also on Gordon's compelling and acutely relevant call for the preservation and protection of nature regardless of human interests and needs.
{"title":"What Led Gordon to Compose Man and Nature? Gordon's Neglected Criticism of Metmann's Life and Nature (1909)","authors":"Yuval Jobani","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Aaron David Gordon's life and writings have been gaining renewed interest in recent years. The prevailing position among scholars is that, in contrast to his articles, his philosophical magnum opus, Man and Nature, was not written in response to public polemics in the New Yishuv, but rather as a philosophical study, intentionally kept distant from the events of the hour. In contrast, this study demonstrates that Gordon wrote the first chapter of Man and Nature, which bears the book's title and delineates its conceptual framework, as a critical response to Life and Nature (1909) by Yehuda Leib Metmann (1869–1939), the founder of the Hebrew Gymnasium. In his Man and Nature, Gordon came out against Metmann's educational vision, which called for gaining control of nature in the Land of Israel by means of rigorous scientific investigation, in the spirit of the Baconian slogan \"knowledge is power.\" Exploring Gordon's critique of Metmann's Life and Nature may shed new light not only on the circumstances that led to the writing of one of the major Jewish philosophical works of the twentieth century, but also on Gordon's compelling and acutely relevant call for the preservation and protection of nature regardless of human interests and needs.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"470 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This study concentrates on bilingual charters from tenth- and eleventh-century Catalonia. It shows that Jews participated in the Christian bureaucracy and that Hebrew was incorporated into Latin deeds. Furthermore, local Latin formulas and documents were internalized into the Hebrew formulas and subsequently into the Jewish legal system in this region and era. After offering a survey of this corpus, the article attempts to provide a cultural history of these documents, with particular attention to questions of language and identity, by understanding their place within a predominantly oral and visual culture. Through a comparison of Hebrew formulas in Catalonian bilingual deeds with Latin and Aramaic formulas, it argues that the use of Hebrew was a cultural choice that served as an identity marker. Furthermore, the use of the Hebrew alphabet became the Jewish signum, the graphic symbol representing the Jewish self, conveying a message of an acceptable, even equal, Jewish identity within a Christian culture. Thus, Jewish landowners selected Hebrew not as a rejection of Latin but within the context of increasing engagement with the Christian legal system. The choice of Hebrew by this economic circle predates, and may have ushered in, the intellectual turn toward Hebrew in the same region during the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, known as the "translation movement."
{"title":"A Cultural History of Bilingual Charters from Catalonia: Language and Identity","authors":"M. Perry","doi":"10.1353/JQR.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JQR.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study concentrates on bilingual charters from tenth- and eleventh-century Catalonia. It shows that Jews participated in the Christian bureaucracy and that Hebrew was incorporated into Latin deeds. Furthermore, local Latin formulas and documents were internalized into the Hebrew formulas and subsequently into the Jewish legal system in this region and era. After offering a survey of this corpus, the article attempts to provide a cultural history of these documents, with particular attention to questions of language and identity, by understanding their place within a predominantly oral and visual culture. Through a comparison of Hebrew formulas in Catalonian bilingual deeds with Latin and Aramaic formulas, it argues that the use of Hebrew was a cultural choice that served as an identity marker. Furthermore, the use of the Hebrew alphabet became the Jewish signum, the graphic symbol representing the Jewish self, conveying a message of an acceptable, even equal, Jewish identity within a Christian culture. Thus, Jewish landowners selected Hebrew not as a rejection of Latin but within the context of increasing engagement with the Christian legal system. The choice of Hebrew by this economic circle predates, and may have ushered in, the intellectual turn toward Hebrew in the same region during the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, known as the \"translation movement.\"","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"185 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74498693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Georg Simmel Wishing to \"Save\" Otto Weininger, or the Blurring Definitions of (Philosemitic) Science and (Antisemitic) Pseudoscience","authors":"T. Singer","doi":"10.1353/JQR.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JQR.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"304 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82930206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：