Abstract:This article examines the history of the various rites of seli@hot (penitential prayers) recitation for what it can tell us about the changes the legacy of medieval Ashkenaz underwent in the early modern period. An eminently local matter by definition, these penitential liturgies were inevitably affected by the large-scale emigration of Jews from the German lands that marked the end of the Middle Ages. They were also subject to the trend toward standardization that came with the new technology of printing. While the local seli@hot rites were among the first Hebrew books to be printed in northern Italy, in Prague, and in Krakow, a similarly direct transition from practice into print was not an option in post-expulsion Germany. Hence, when Jewish communities began to revive in western Ashkenaz from the sixteenth century onward, local choices were predicated upon the availability of printed editions that had originated elsewhere, and the liturgical landscape changed accordingly. Nevertheless, even as the first seli@hot editions printed in Germany itself followed the Italo-Ashkenazic rite for the bulk of their corpus, they also preserve unacknowledged evidence of an indigenous rite well rooted in medieval tradition. Pockets of local tradition, it turns out, sometimes remained in place when rural Jews continued to uphold the rite of a historical region even after the urban community that had served as its center had ceased to exist. Liturgical sources are thus shown to shed unexpected light on Jewish life in sixteenth-century Germany, a dark age in German-Jewish history in more than one respect.
{"title":"Tradition, Migration, and the Impact of Print: Local Rites of Seliḥot Recitation in Early Modern Ashkenaz","authors":"Lucia Raspe","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the history of the various rites of seli@hot (penitential prayers) recitation for what it can tell us about the changes the legacy of medieval Ashkenaz underwent in the early modern period. An eminently local matter by definition, these penitential liturgies were inevitably affected by the large-scale emigration of Jews from the German lands that marked the end of the Middle Ages. They were also subject to the trend toward standardization that came with the new technology of printing. While the local seli@hot rites were among the first Hebrew books to be printed in northern Italy, in Prague, and in Krakow, a similarly direct transition from practice into print was not an option in post-expulsion Germany. Hence, when Jewish communities began to revive in western Ashkenaz from the sixteenth century onward, local choices were predicated upon the availability of printed editions that had originated elsewhere, and the liturgical landscape changed accordingly. Nevertheless, even as the first seli@hot editions printed in Germany itself followed the Italo-Ashkenazic rite for the bulk of their corpus, they also preserve unacknowledged evidence of an indigenous rite well rooted in medieval tradition. Pockets of local tradition, it turns out, sometimes remained in place when rural Jews continued to uphold the rite of a historical region even after the urban community that had served as its center had ceased to exist. Liturgical sources are thus shown to shed unexpected light on Jewish life in sixteenth-century Germany, a dark age in German-Jewish history in more than one respect.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"104 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88115343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article is an effort to advance the way Joseph Soloveitchik is read, in large part by way of (re)situating his work within its original, though not only, context: Before Soloveitchik was a leading figure of post-World-War-II Orthodox Judaism in America, he was a Berlin-trained, Weimar-era European philosopher, and his work is decisively animated, I show, by his concerns as the latter. I focus in particular on Soloveitchik's The Halakhic Mind, a work that has been predominantly read as a methodological intervention addressed to philosophers of religion in general and practitioners of Jewish thought in particular. The standard reading is not wrong. It is, however, critically incomplete, in that it elides one of the project's most fundamental concerns: to save European humanity from itself—or, following shortly after World War II, to set European humanity aright as prophylactic security against further civilizational catastrophe. Second, on the standard reading The Halakhic Mind is a fundamentally neo-Kantian project. This characterization is misleadingly incomplete: The work does indeed insist on a strong neo-Kantian constraint on the spiritual program it promotes, but that program is deeply and explicitly phenomenological and existentialist rather than neo-Kantian in character. Finally, studies of Soloveitchik's thought simply have not lent attention to Soloveitchik's distinctively prophetic, as opposed to legal, ethics of social responsibility. It is the practice of prophecy, understood as a human universal, which emerges as Soloveitchik's principal prescription for confronting the philosophically decisive threat of mass-societal evil.
{"title":"Joseph Soloveitchik as Weimar Intellectual and Prophetic Ethicist","authors":"Alex S. Ozar","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article is an effort to advance the way Joseph Soloveitchik is read, in large part by way of (re)situating his work within its original, though not only, context: Before Soloveitchik was a leading figure of post-World-War-II Orthodox Judaism in America, he was a Berlin-trained, Weimar-era European philosopher, and his work is decisively animated, I show, by his concerns as the latter. I focus in particular on Soloveitchik's The Halakhic Mind, a work that has been predominantly read as a methodological intervention addressed to philosophers of religion in general and practitioners of Jewish thought in particular. The standard reading is not wrong. It is, however, critically incomplete, in that it elides one of the project's most fundamental concerns: to save European humanity from itself—or, following shortly after World War II, to set European humanity aright as prophylactic security against further civilizational catastrophe. Second, on the standard reading The Halakhic Mind is a fundamentally neo-Kantian project. This characterization is misleadingly incomplete: The work does indeed insist on a strong neo-Kantian constraint on the spiritual program it promotes, but that program is deeply and explicitly phenomenological and existentialist rather than neo-Kantian in character. Finally, studies of Soloveitchik's thought simply have not lent attention to Soloveitchik's distinctively prophetic, as opposed to legal, ethics of social responsibility. It is the practice of prophecy, understood as a human universal, which emerges as Soloveitchik's principal prescription for confronting the philosophically decisive threat of mass-societal evil.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"131 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89225040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines how two central scholars based at the Hebrew University's Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Jonathan Frankel, and Ezra Mendelsohn, conceived, created, and codified the academic sub-field of modern Jewish politics. The article begins by discussing studies by earlier historians of the Jews like Salo W. Baron, Shmuel Ettinger, and Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi whose work often touched upon the intersection between Jews and politics. While Mendelsohn and Frankel's research was based upon key concepts developed by these scholars, their focus on the centrality of Jewish agency, the role of the Jewish intelligentsia, and the turn to "the (Jewish) people" helped create a new scholarly framework for imagining, analyzing, and researching modern Jewish politics. Despite their many achievements, they both overlooked several important topics in modern Jewish history including the role of religion, the activities of Jewish women, the experiences of Jews in North Africa and the Middle East, and the impact of Jewish politics on the Palestinians. By examining how these topics are dealt with in more recent works, the penultimate section in this article points to both the continuing influence of Mendelsohn and Frankel's scholarly paradigm as well as some of its inherent limits. In doing so, this analysis of modern Jewish politics makes for an intriguing case study regarding the organization, construction, and production of a particular field of knowledge while simultaneously raising critical questions regarding the very nature, limits, and future of Jewish studies.
摘要:本文考察了希伯来大学当代犹太研究所的两位核心学者乔纳森·弗兰克尔(Jonathan Frankel)和埃兹拉·门德尔松(Ezra Mendelsohn)如何构思、创造和编纂现代犹太政治这一学术分支领域。这篇文章首先讨论了早期犹太人历史学家的研究，如萨洛·w·巴伦(Salo W. Baron)、什缪尔·艾丁格(Shmuel Ettinger)和约瑟夫·哈伊姆·耶鲁沙米(Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi)，他们的作品经常触及犹太人与政治之间的交集。虽然门德尔松和弗兰克尔的研究是基于这些学者提出的关键概念，但他们对犹太人机构的中心地位、犹太知识分子的角色以及转向“(犹太)人民”的关注，有助于为想象、分析和研究现代犹太政治创造一个新的学术框架。尽管他们取得了许多成就，但他们都忽视了现代犹太历史上的几个重要主题，包括宗教的作用，犹太妇女的活动，犹太人在北非和中东的经历，以及犹太政治对巴勒斯坦人的影响。通过研究这些主题在最近的作品中是如何处理的，本文的倒数第二部分指出了门德尔松和弗兰克尔的学术范式的持续影响以及其固有的一些局限性。在这样做的过程中，对现代犹太政治的分析使得一个关于组织、建设和生产特定知识领域的有趣案例研究，同时提出了关于犹太研究的本质、限制和未来的关键问题。
{"title":"Was There a Jerusalem School of Modern Jewish Politics? A Case Study in the Organization, Construction, Production, and Limits of Knowledge","authors":"S. Ury","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how two central scholars based at the Hebrew University's Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Jonathan Frankel, and Ezra Mendelsohn, conceived, created, and codified the academic sub-field of modern Jewish politics. The article begins by discussing studies by earlier historians of the Jews like Salo W. Baron, Shmuel Ettinger, and Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi whose work often touched upon the intersection between Jews and politics. While Mendelsohn and Frankel's research was based upon key concepts developed by these scholars, their focus on the centrality of Jewish agency, the role of the Jewish intelligentsia, and the turn to \"the (Jewish) people\" helped create a new scholarly framework for imagining, analyzing, and researching modern Jewish politics. Despite their many achievements, they both overlooked several important topics in modern Jewish history including the role of religion, the activities of Jewish women, the experiences of Jews in North Africa and the Middle East, and the impact of Jewish politics on the Palestinians. By examining how these topics are dealt with in more recent works, the penultimate section in this article points to both the continuing influence of Mendelsohn and Frankel's scholarly paradigm as well as some of its inherent limits. In doing so, this analysis of modern Jewish politics makes for an intriguing case study regarding the organization, construction, and production of a particular field of knowledge while simultaneously raising critical questions regarding the very nature, limits, and future of Jewish studies.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"72 1","pages":"160 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90896295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"Zouj: On the Importance of the Vernacular and the Idea of Transmission","authors":"S. Everett","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76521974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"Maimonides, Salomon Munk, and French Modernity","authors":"P. Simon-Nahum","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"19 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90603555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"The Jews in Chapter One","authors":"S. Lipton","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"53 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"Birthing Cross-Confessional Relationships in French Archives","authors":"J. Katz","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"73 1","pages":"48 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Jewish religion, especially its dietary laws, has been seen as an obstacle to Jewish military service in the armies of the Roman Empire and, thus, is used as a main argument by scholars who deny that Jews served in the Roman army in any considerable numbers. The current essay is the first to examine this claim. Its first part shows that Jews would not have been unique among ethnic army recruits in having dietary restrictions, while the second part presents the diet of the Roman soldier. The third part uses the Jewish soldier as a case study of the capability of any serviceman, no matter his faith or ethnicity, to serve in the army while keeping his customs and traditions with regard to food. Lastly, the article raises the possibility that the Roman logistical system was purposefully structured to ease the service of soldiers from different cultures and ethnicities.
{"title":"Keeping Kosher: The Ability of Jewish Soldiers to Keep the Dietary Laws as a Case Study for the Integration of Minorities in the Roman Army","authors":"Haggai Olshanetsky","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Jewish religion, especially its dietary laws, has been seen as an obstacle to Jewish military service in the armies of the Roman Empire and, thus, is used as a main argument by scholars who deny that Jews served in the Roman army in any considerable numbers. The current essay is the first to examine this claim. Its first part shows that Jews would not have been unique among ethnic army recruits in having dietary restrictions, while the second part presents the diet of the Roman soldier. The third part uses the Jewish soldier as a case study of the capability of any serviceman, no matter his faith or ethnicity, to serve in the army while keeping his customs and traditions with regard to food. Lastly, the article raises the possibility that the Roman logistical system was purposefully structured to ease the service of soldiers from different cultures and ethnicities.","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"113 1","pages":"59 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82062967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"Jews in Tunisia Confront the Alliance Israélite Universelle","authors":"Richard I. Cohen","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"58 1","pages":"36 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75092539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.
摘要:本文为本期法国犹太研究论坛的投稿。
{"title":"The Good Republican, or a French Modern Jewish History on One Foot","authors":"Sylvie-Anne Goldberg","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22606,"journal":{"name":"The Jewish Quarterly Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"14 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78040666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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