Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714606
M. Kahar, M. Mandal, G. Chattopadhyay
This paper presents a comparative study on the insertion losses for E- and H-plane waveguide-based bandpass filters at THz frequencies. It is shown that the H-plane filters suffer from high loss due to higher surface current on the coupling irises. Finally, two E-plane filters and two H-plane filters with the fractional bandwidths of 2% and 2.5% are designed at 510 and 552.7 GHz, respectively. The filter responses are verified by using two commercially available electromagnetic full-wave simulators. A sensitivity analysis is also presented to estimate the changes in filter responses due to fabrication tolerances.
{"title":"Loss Studies For Waveguide Based E- and H-plane Bandpass Filters at Terahertz Frequencies","authors":"M. Kahar, M. Mandal, G. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study on the insertion losses for E- and H-plane waveguide-based bandpass filters at THz frequencies. It is shown that the H-plane filters suffer from high loss due to higher surface current on the coupling irises. Finally, two E-plane filters and two H-plane filters with the fractional bandwidths of 2% and 2.5% are designed at 510 and 552.7 GHz, respectively. The filter responses are verified by using two commercially available electromagnetic full-wave simulators. A sensitivity analysis is also presented to estimate the changes in filter responses due to fabrication tolerances.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120921632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714564
Serhat Erdogan, Madhavan Swaminathan
This paper presents design, fabrication and measurement results of a printed quasi-Yagi antenna with monopole radiator on glass substrate with low-loss polymer buildup films operating in D-band. Simulated peak gain of the antenna is 6.2 dBi, measured impedance bandwidth $left(left|S_{11}right|lt-10 mathrm{~dB}right)$ covers the entire D-band $(110-170 mathrm{GHz})$. Size of the antenna is $0.887 mathrm{~mm}$ $times 0.919 mathrm{~mm}$, or $0.413 lambda_{0} times 0.429 lambda_{0}$ at 140 GHz. Return loss measurements show high repeatability. Wide bandwidth of the antenna, high simulated gain, compact size, and advantages of glass-based packages in terms of supporting high level of integration using Glass Panel Embedding makes it suitable for handset devices for sub-THz wireless communications in D-band.
{"title":"D-band Quasi-Yagi Antenna in Glass-based Package","authors":"Serhat Erdogan, Madhavan Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents design, fabrication and measurement results of a printed quasi-Yagi antenna with monopole radiator on glass substrate with low-loss polymer buildup films operating in D-band. Simulated peak gain of the antenna is 6.2 dBi, measured impedance bandwidth $left(left|S_{11}right|lt-10 mathrm{~dB}right)$ covers the entire D-band $(110-170 mathrm{GHz})$. Size of the antenna is $0.887 mathrm{~mm}$ $times 0.919 mathrm{~mm}$, or $0.413 lambda_{0} times 0.429 lambda_{0}$ at 140 GHz. Return loss measurements show high repeatability. Wide bandwidth of the antenna, high simulated gain, compact size, and advantages of glass-based packages in terms of supporting high level of integration using Glass Panel Embedding makes it suitable for handset devices for sub-THz wireless communications in D-band.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115890700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714695
J. C. Dash, D. Sarkar
In this paper, the effect of car bumper permittivity variation on automotive MIMO RADAR antenna array is critically examined using metrics like bi-directional loss model and antenna array ambiguity function. First, a MIMO RADAR with two transmit and four receive antennas is designed and placed behind a simplified curved bumper CAD model. Next, the BLM as well as the AAAF for the antenna-bumper system is computed using the virtual array pattern approach. The proposed analysis provides quantitative insights into the effects on MIMO RADAR performance metrics like field-of-view, angular resolution and ambiguity in direction-of-arrival estimation, caused by real-life antenna-bumper interactions.
{"title":"Impacts on Automotive MIMO RADAR Performance due to Permittivity Variation of Bumper Material: Insights through Bi-directional Loss and Antenna Array Ambiguity Function","authors":"J. C. Dash, D. Sarkar","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714695","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of car bumper permittivity variation on automotive MIMO RADAR antenna array is critically examined using metrics like bi-directional loss model and antenna array ambiguity function. First, a MIMO RADAR with two transmit and four receive antennas is designed and placed behind a simplified curved bumper CAD model. Next, the BLM as well as the AAAF for the antenna-bumper system is computed using the virtual array pattern approach. The proposed analysis provides quantitative insights into the effects on MIMO RADAR performance metrics like field-of-view, angular resolution and ambiguity in direction-of-arrival estimation, caused by real-life antenna-bumper interactions.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714640
Alen Joe Antony, A. Anjay Sudesh, Anu Mohamed, R. Gopika, Arijit Mitra, D. Sarkar, C. Saha
In this paper, a variable phase shifter with 360° continuous phase shift range for the X-band phased array applications is presented. The system consists of a branchline coupler, a pair of variable reflection loads using varactor diodes and a switched line topology. The proposed reflective loads result in compact design and require only one control voltage for the varactors which results in simplified control circuit. An algorithm for the control circuit to predict the bias voltage for the required beam steering is also presented. This was further verified by designing and simulating a 4x4 antenna array in Ansys HFSS. The proposed phase shifter achieves an average insertion loss of 4.6 dB and return losses better than 12 dB at 10 GHz with a fractional bandwidth above 15% in simulation.
{"title":"Design of a 360° Continuously Variable Phase Shifter using Improved Regression Algorithm for X-band Phased Array Applications","authors":"Alen Joe Antony, A. Anjay Sudesh, Anu Mohamed, R. Gopika, Arijit Mitra, D. Sarkar, C. Saha","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714640","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a variable phase shifter with 360° continuous phase shift range for the X-band phased array applications is presented. The system consists of a branchline coupler, a pair of variable reflection loads using varactor diodes and a switched line topology. The proposed reflective loads result in compact design and require only one control voltage for the varactors which results in simplified control circuit. An algorithm for the control circuit to predict the bias voltage for the required beam steering is also presented. This was further verified by designing and simulating a 4x4 antenna array in Ansys HFSS. The proposed phase shifter achieves an average insertion loss of 4.6 dB and return losses better than 12 dB at 10 GHz with a fractional bandwidth above 15% in simulation.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124366278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714571
Shubhadip Paul, A. Banerjee, V. S. Bhadouria, M. Akhtar
In this paper, a Zero index metasurface (ZIM) loaded highly directive Yagi antenna is proposed for Microwave imaging of corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete (RC) structure. The zero index metasurface (ZIM) enhanced the gain of the reference Yagi antenna by $4mathrm{~dB}$ at 9GHz. A numerical model of the cylindrical metallic targets with and without corrosion inside the RC structure is designed for electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The proposed ZIM-based Yagi antenna transmits $mathbf{E M}$ signal and receives the scattered data from the RC structure, which is applied into a piecewise synthetic aperture radar (SAR) algorithm to enhance the spatial resolution of the target object. The numerical results show that the proposed microwave imaging technique using the ZIMbased Yagi antenna and SAR algorithm detects both the cylindrical shape metallic target with and without corrosion inside the RC structure and is also able to identify the corroded metallic target.
{"title":"Investigation of Corrosion in Steel Reinforced Concrete Structure using Directive ZIM based Yagi Antenna and SAR Technique","authors":"Shubhadip Paul, A. Banerjee, V. S. Bhadouria, M. Akhtar","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714571","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Zero index metasurface (ZIM) loaded highly directive Yagi antenna is proposed for Microwave imaging of corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete (RC) structure. The zero index metasurface (ZIM) enhanced the gain of the reference Yagi antenna by $4mathrm{~dB}$ at 9GHz. A numerical model of the cylindrical metallic targets with and without corrosion inside the RC structure is designed for electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The proposed ZIM-based Yagi antenna transmits $mathbf{E M}$ signal and receives the scattered data from the RC structure, which is applied into a piecewise synthetic aperture radar (SAR) algorithm to enhance the spatial resolution of the target object. The numerical results show that the proposed microwave imaging technique using the ZIMbased Yagi antenna and SAR algorithm detects both the cylindrical shape metallic target with and without corrosion inside the RC structure and is also able to identify the corroded metallic target.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"27 Special Issue 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130149411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714562
Biswajit Pal, M. Mandal, M. Kahar, S. Dwari
This paper presents a design of a filtering attenuator. Conventional microstrip line resonators of a bandpass filter are loaded with PIN diodes and the resultant component provides band selectivity as well as electronically tunable attenuation. The diode is used as a variable resistor. Detail design steps are provided. A prototype filtering attenuator is fabricated to validate the theoretical approach. It provides an equal ripple bandwidth of 17% at 2.4GHz. The bandwidth can be changed according to application requirement. Hairpin resonators are used for the implementation. Measurement results show that the passband insertion loss of the filtering attenuator can be tuned over 3.8-30.4 dB maintaining a minimum return loss of 10dB.
{"title":"Filtering Attenuator with Electronically Tunable Attenuation","authors":"Biswajit Pal, M. Mandal, M. Kahar, S. Dwari","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design of a filtering attenuator. Conventional microstrip line resonators of a bandpass filter are loaded with PIN diodes and the resultant component provides band selectivity as well as electronically tunable attenuation. The diode is used as a variable resistor. Detail design steps are provided. A prototype filtering attenuator is fabricated to validate the theoretical approach. It provides an equal ripple bandwidth of 17% at 2.4GHz. The bandwidth can be changed according to application requirement. Hairpin resonators are used for the implementation. Measurement results show that the passband insertion loss of the filtering attenuator can be tuned over 3.8-30.4 dB maintaining a minimum return loss of 10dB.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130462307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714532
A. K. Sahoo, Hemant Kumar Singhal, K. Rawat
Ultra-wideband baluns have been proposed using coasial transmission line. The amplitude imbalance of the coasial balun is found to be within 0.9 dB to -0.3 dB, from 0.3- 2.7 GHz. Similarly, the phase imbalance ranges between 10° and -7° from 0.6-2.7 GHz. Due to the design technique of the balun, its response in the lower frequency region is found to be poor. In order to overcome this, a number of annular ferrite beads are used around the coaxial cable. These ferrite beads act as RF chokes, whose impact on the balun has been analyzed in this paper. The modified balun displays significant reduction in the amplitude imbalance (upto 16.5 dB) and phase imbalance (upto 82°) in the VHF region. The results of both the baluns are also compared in terms of their mised-mode S-parameters.
提出了利用沿海传输线实现超宽带平衡的方案。在0.3 ~ 2.7 GHz范围内，海岸平衡的幅值不平衡在0.9 dB ~ -0.3 dB之间。同样，在0.6-2.7 GHz范围内，相位不平衡范围在10°到-7°之间。由于平衡器的设计技术，其低频响应较差。为了克服这一点，在同轴电缆周围使用了许多环形铁氧体珠。本文分析了这些铁氧体磁珠作为射频扼流圈对平衡器的影响。改进后的平衡器显著降低了VHF频段的幅值不平衡(最大达16.5 dB)和相位不平衡(最大达82°)。还比较了两种平衡器的模态s参数。
{"title":"Design of Ultra-Wideband Balun Using Coaxial Transmission Line","authors":"A. K. Sahoo, Hemant Kumar Singhal, K. Rawat","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714532","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-wideband baluns have been proposed using coasial transmission line. The amplitude imbalance of the coasial balun is found to be within 0.9 dB to -0.3 dB, from 0.3- 2.7 GHz. Similarly, the phase imbalance ranges between 10° and -7° from 0.6-2.7 GHz. Due to the design technique of the balun, its response in the lower frequency region is found to be poor. In order to overcome this, a number of annular ferrite beads are used around the coaxial cable. These ferrite beads act as RF chokes, whose impact on the balun has been analyzed in this paper. The modified balun displays significant reduction in the amplitude imbalance (upto 16.5 dB) and phase imbalance (upto 82°) in the VHF region. The results of both the baluns are also compared in terms of their mised-mode S-parameters.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130768769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714683
Antaryami Panigrahi, T. Nath, Subham Chourasia, Shiwam Gupta, Digantar Paul
In this work an all pMOS RF-DC power harvester optimized RF energy harvesting applications is presented. The proposed work is optimised for enhanced sensitivity with an L-match network for GSM band driving the cross coupled pMOS based rectifier, where these transistors operate in the weak inversion region. The rectifier performance is tested using simulation in 180nm CMOS technology for varying received power levels. The rectifier achieves an power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 43.15% and voltage conversion efficiency of 68.5% across load $10kOmega$.
{"title":"A CMOS RF-DC Converter in the GSM Band for RF Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"Antaryami Panigrahi, T. Nath, Subham Chourasia, Shiwam Gupta, Digantar Paul","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714683","url":null,"abstract":"In this work an all pMOS RF-DC power harvester optimized RF energy harvesting applications is presented. The proposed work is optimised for enhanced sensitivity with an L-match network for GSM band driving the cross coupled pMOS based rectifier, where these transistors operate in the weak inversion region. The rectifier performance is tested using simulation in 180nm CMOS technology for varying received power levels. The rectifier achieves an power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 43.15% and voltage conversion efficiency of 68.5% across load $10kOmega$.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127526566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714651
Nishant Shukla, Vikas Gupta, P. Ambati
A Q-band 4-pole quasi elliptic E-plane waveguide filter is designed and simulated. Filter circuit is based on liquid crystal polymer substrate so that the better fabrication tolerances can be achieved through lithography at Q-band frequency along with thermal control that liquid crystal polymers can provide due to the availability of broad range of material thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE). TE101 and TE102 modes have been utilized for the realization of quasi elliptic band pass filter response. Sensitivity analysis for dimensional tolerances in resonator dimensions is presented.
{"title":"Design of a Q-band Quasi-elliptic E-plane Filter based on Liquid Crystal Polymer","authors":"Nishant Shukla, Vikas Gupta, P. Ambati","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714651","url":null,"abstract":"A Q-band 4-pole quasi elliptic E-plane waveguide filter is designed and simulated. Filter circuit is based on liquid crystal polymer substrate so that the better fabrication tolerances can be achieved through lithography at Q-band frequency along with thermal control that liquid crystal polymers can provide due to the availability of broad range of material thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE). TE101 and TE102 modes have been utilized for the realization of quasi elliptic band pass filter response. Sensitivity analysis for dimensional tolerances in resonator dimensions is presented.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121731091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714531
S. Bhagat, A. Basu, S. Koul
This paper presents an Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL) used for an oscillator noise measurement. The EPLL has two feedback loops: phase locked loop (PLL) for phase estimation and amplitude locked loop (ALL) for amplitude estimation. The presented method also used for estimating fundamental signals along with phase noise and amplitude noise simultaneously. The EPLL is compared to the PLL technique by comparing mathematical analysis, simulation and measurement data. In mathematical analysis, the differential equation-based dynamic expression is derived from the circuit. This is followed by a circuit simulation, whose results were found to be close with the measured results for 100 MHz operations. Measurement results demonstrate that in steady-state EPLL shows less phase noise especially at close offset frequencies and comparable phase noise at higher frequencies when compared with conventional PLL.
{"title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Oscillator Amplitude and Phase Noise using Phase Detector based EPLL","authors":"S. Bhagat, A. Basu, S. Koul","doi":"10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imarc49196.2021.9714531","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL) used for an oscillator noise measurement. The EPLL has two feedback loops: phase locked loop (PLL) for phase estimation and amplitude locked loop (ALL) for amplitude estimation. The presented method also used for estimating fundamental signals along with phase noise and amplitude noise simultaneously. The EPLL is compared to the PLL technique by comparing mathematical analysis, simulation and measurement data. In mathematical analysis, the differential equation-based dynamic expression is derived from the circuit. This is followed by a circuit simulation, whose results were found to be close with the measured results for 100 MHz operations. Measurement results demonstrate that in steady-state EPLL shows less phase noise especially at close offset frequencies and comparable phase noise at higher frequencies when compared with conventional PLL.","PeriodicalId":226787,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMARC)","volume":"688 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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