Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-46-51
A. O. Bueverov, P. O. Bogomolov, M. I. Gonik, E. Bueverova
Substantiation: Monitoring adverse events (AEs) among outpatients is an important clinical problem; as they may be the cause of treatment interruption. In this situation; using telemedicine technologies (TMT) is rational to prevent these events and ensure continuity of medical care.The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of using TMT to register AEs and prevent unjustified treatment interruption in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC); who receiving antiviral therapy (AVT).Methods: 84 patients with HCV (genotype 1b) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without the use of TMT (54 and 30 subjects; respectively). Patients with CHC (genotype 1b) were included under our observation. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the use of TMT. All patients received antiviral therapy (AVT) with a combination of ombitasvir; paritaprevir; dasabuvir and ritonavir. We studied the main laboratory parameters before start of therapy and after 12 weeks. The achievement of SVR after 12 weeks of therapy was also evaluated. Registration of cases of adverse events was performed by interviewing the patientResults: All patients in the study sample achieved complete elimination of HCV within the specified time frame; no statistically significant difference between the groups was found (p>0.05). Analyzing the cases of AEs; 10 cases of AEs in 7 patients in the first subgroup and 12 cases of AEs in 7 patients from the second subgroup. In all cases treatment withdrawal was not required. The incidence of AEs was comparable in both populations (p>0.05).Conclusion: The use of TMT allows to register cases of AEs in patients with CHC with a sufficient degree of accuracy; prevent independent treatment withdrawal and; as a consequence; contribute to the achievement of SVR.
{"title":"Using telemedicine technologies as a tool for monitoring adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving antiviral therapy","authors":"A. O. Bueverov, P. O. Bogomolov, M. I. Gonik, E. Bueverova","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-46-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-46-51","url":null,"abstract":"Substantiation: Monitoring adverse events (AEs) among outpatients is an important clinical problem; as they may be the cause of treatment interruption. In this situation; using telemedicine technologies (TMT) is rational to prevent these events and ensure continuity of medical care.The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of using TMT to register AEs and prevent unjustified treatment interruption in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC); who receiving antiviral therapy (AVT).Methods: 84 patients with HCV (genotype 1b) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without the use of TMT (54 and 30 subjects; respectively). Patients with CHC (genotype 1b) were included under our observation. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the use of TMT. All patients received antiviral therapy (AVT) with a combination of ombitasvir; paritaprevir; dasabuvir and ritonavir. We studied the main laboratory parameters before start of therapy and after 12 weeks. The achievement of SVR after 12 weeks of therapy was also evaluated. Registration of cases of adverse events was performed by interviewing the patientResults: All patients in the study sample achieved complete elimination of HCV within the specified time frame; no statistically significant difference between the groups was found (p>0.05). Analyzing the cases of AEs; 10 cases of AEs in 7 patients in the first subgroup and 12 cases of AEs in 7 patients from the second subgroup. In all cases treatment withdrawal was not required. The incidence of AEs was comparable in both populations (p>0.05).Conclusion: The use of TMT allows to register cases of AEs in patients with CHC with a sufficient degree of accuracy; prevent independent treatment withdrawal and; as a consequence; contribute to the achievement of SVR.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-63-74
E. Krieger, O. Samodova, O. A. Svitich, R. Samoilikov, E. Meremianina, L. L. Shagrov, Yulia M. Zvezdina, A. V. Kudryavtsev
Introduction. Polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes determine cell sensitivity to interferons and the antiviral immune response.The study aimed to assess the impact of polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes on humoral immunity to influenza and frequency of acute respiratory viral infections; taking into account vaccination status.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving adult residents of Arkhangelsk who do not receive vaccination against influenza; N=156; and those who receive vaccination annually; N=70. The research procedure included a survey; assessment of concentration of immunoglobulin G to influenza A virus and determination of specific polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes.Results. Among those receiving vaccination annually; the proportion of seropositive individuals was higher (70;0%) compared to the non-vaccinated group (53;8%). In non-vaccinated individuals with the TT genotype of the polymorphic marker rs2229207 in the IFNAR2 gene; specific immunoglobulins G to influenza A virus were determined more frequently. The proportion of participants receiving annual influenza vaccination who experienced acute respiratory viral infections more than twice a year was 21;4%; while this proportion in non-vaccinated individuals was 32;7%. Among those vaccinated against influenza annually; the odds of frequent acute respiratory viral infections were four times higher in individuals with the GGTC haplotype (rs2257167 IFNAR1 + rs2229207 IFNAR2) compared to other haplotypes.Conclusion. The associations between polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes and humoral immunity to influenza and frequency of acute respiratory viral infections can be used to identify risk groups and for the development of personalized approaches for the specific prevention of viral infections.
{"title":"The impact of interferon receptor gene polymorphisms on humoral immunity to influenza and frequency of acute respiratory viral infections; taking into account vaccination status","authors":"E. Krieger, O. Samodova, O. A. Svitich, R. Samoilikov, E. Meremianina, L. L. Shagrov, Yulia M. Zvezdina, A. V. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-63-74","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes determine cell sensitivity to interferons and the antiviral immune response.The study aimed to assess the impact of polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes on humoral immunity to influenza and frequency of acute respiratory viral infections; taking into account vaccination status.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving adult residents of Arkhangelsk who do not receive vaccination against influenza; N=156; and those who receive vaccination annually; N=70. The research procedure included a survey; assessment of concentration of immunoglobulin G to influenza A virus and determination of specific polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes.Results. Among those receiving vaccination annually; the proportion of seropositive individuals was higher (70;0%) compared to the non-vaccinated group (53;8%). In non-vaccinated individuals with the TT genotype of the polymorphic marker rs2229207 in the IFNAR2 gene; specific immunoglobulins G to influenza A virus were determined more frequently. The proportion of participants receiving annual influenza vaccination who experienced acute respiratory viral infections more than twice a year was 21;4%; while this proportion in non-vaccinated individuals was 32;7%. Among those vaccinated against influenza annually; the odds of frequent acute respiratory viral infections were four times higher in individuals with the GGTC haplotype (rs2257167 IFNAR1 + rs2229207 IFNAR2) compared to other haplotypes.Conclusion. The associations between polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes and humoral immunity to influenza and frequency of acute respiratory viral infections can be used to identify risk groups and for the development of personalized approaches for the specific prevention of viral infections.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"18 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-81-88
A. V. Kukurika
The aim of study – to identify predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with co-morbidities of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); HIV infection; and viral hepatitis C (HCV) to optimize care.Materials and Methods. A total of 132 patients with MDRTB/HIV/HCV triple infection were included in the study: 112 individuals with favorable outcomes and 20 patients with unfavorable outcomes. To assess predictors of unfavorable outcomes; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. 95% confidence interval were calculated; and a prognostic model was built using logistic regression.Results. Generalization tuberculosis process increased the chance of unfavorable outcome by 8.13 times (95% CI: 2.252 – 29.354; p<0.001); treatment with chemotherapy regimens without the inclusion of the new highly effective antituberculosis drugs – 5.333 times (95% CI: 0.059 – 0.597; p=0.002); undesirable adverse drug reactions – 4.263 times (95% CI: 0.938 to 19.370; p=0.044); severe adverse drug reactions – 6.429 times (95% CI: 1.889 – 21.878; p=0.001); level of CD4-lymphocyte count less than 50 cells/µL – 7 times (95% CI: 2.180 – 22.482; p<0.001); stage 4B HIV infection – 4.1 times (95% CI: 1.527 – 11.007; p=0.003).Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to further study the problem of HIV-associated MDR-TB in combination with HCV in order to develop evidence-based algorithms for the management of this category of patients; taking into account the identified predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Predictors of unfavourable treatment outcomes for HIV-associated MDR-TB in patients with viral hepatitis C","authors":"A. V. Kukurika","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study – to identify predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with co-morbidities of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); HIV infection; and viral hepatitis C (HCV) to optimize care.Materials and Methods. A total of 132 patients with MDRTB/HIV/HCV triple infection were included in the study: 112 individuals with favorable outcomes and 20 patients with unfavorable outcomes. To assess predictors of unfavorable outcomes; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. 95% confidence interval were calculated; and a prognostic model was built using logistic regression.Results. Generalization tuberculosis process increased the chance of unfavorable outcome by 8.13 times (95% CI: 2.252 – 29.354; p<0.001); treatment with chemotherapy regimens without the inclusion of the new highly effective antituberculosis drugs – 5.333 times (95% CI: 0.059 – 0.597; p=0.002); undesirable adverse drug reactions – 4.263 times (95% CI: 0.938 to 19.370; p=0.044); severe adverse drug reactions – 6.429 times (95% CI: 1.889 – 21.878; p=0.001); level of CD4-lymphocyte count less than 50 cells/µL – 7 times (95% CI: 2.180 – 22.482; p<0.001); stage 4B HIV infection – 4.1 times (95% CI: 1.527 – 11.007; p=0.003).Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to further study the problem of HIV-associated MDR-TB in combination with HCV in order to develop evidence-based algorithms for the management of this category of patients; taking into account the identified predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-37-45
L. A. Alekseeva, A. Zhirkov, T. V. Bessonova, I. Babachenko, N. Tian, G. F. Zheleznikova
Objective of the study is to investigate immune-endocrine dysfunctions in children with acute respiratory viral infections manifested during post-COVID period.Materials and methods. The main group included 22 children with acute respiratory viral infections manifested after mild COVID-19 infection 2–6 months before their hospitalization the comparison group included 7 children with acute respiratory viral infections without COVID-19 in their medical history; and the control group – 15 apparently healthy children. The level of cortisol; thyrotrophic hormone; triidothyronine; thyroxin; total immunoglobulin; cytokines was investigated in addition to standard indicators.Results. Lymphocytes predominated in the blood test in the main group at the admission to the hospital; whereas neutrophils predominated in children of the comparison group. In comparison with the controls the children of the main group had significant decrease of the level of 25 cytokines and the level of only 4 cytokines was increased (CTACK; Eotaxin; SDF-1a; PDGF-BB); the tendency of immunoglobulin M decrease was noted. The level of cortisol in the main group was 2 times lower compared with the comparison group and did not differ from the control one; the level of triidothyronine and thyroxin was reliably decreased during the whole period of observation. During acute period there was determined positive correlated relation of cortisol with the number of neutrophils; granulocytic colony-stimulating factor; macrophage inflammatory protein; and a negative relation with the number of lymphocytes; factor-stromal cells. During acute period there were positive correlated relations between the level of triidothyronine and the number of platelets; immunoglobulin M; and during reconvalescence period the level of triidothyronine and thyroxin positively correlated with the number of neutrophils; and negatively with the number of lymphocytes.Conclusion. During post-COVID period children after acute respiratory viral infections had identified immuneendocrine dysfunctions giving evidence to inhibition of the synthesis of hormones of adrenal gland cortex and thyroid system; synthesis of most cytokines; insufficient activation of congenital immunity that is likely to occur due to COVID-19 that proves the necessity of immune-corrective therapy.
{"title":"Laboratory indicators of the disorders of immune-endocrine balance in children with acute respiratory viral infection during post-COVID period","authors":"L. A. Alekseeva, A. Zhirkov, T. V. Bessonova, I. Babachenko, N. Tian, G. F. Zheleznikova","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of the study is to investigate immune-endocrine dysfunctions in children with acute respiratory viral infections manifested during post-COVID period.Materials and methods. The main group included 22 children with acute respiratory viral infections manifested after mild COVID-19 infection 2–6 months before their hospitalization the comparison group included 7 children with acute respiratory viral infections without COVID-19 in their medical history; and the control group – 15 apparently healthy children. The level of cortisol; thyrotrophic hormone; triidothyronine; thyroxin; total immunoglobulin; cytokines was investigated in addition to standard indicators.Results. Lymphocytes predominated in the blood test in the main group at the admission to the hospital; whereas neutrophils predominated in children of the comparison group. In comparison with the controls the children of the main group had significant decrease of the level of 25 cytokines and the level of only 4 cytokines was increased (CTACK; Eotaxin; SDF-1a; PDGF-BB); the tendency of immunoglobulin M decrease was noted. The level of cortisol in the main group was 2 times lower compared with the comparison group and did not differ from the control one; the level of triidothyronine and thyroxin was reliably decreased during the whole period of observation. During acute period there was determined positive correlated relation of cortisol with the number of neutrophils; granulocytic colony-stimulating factor; macrophage inflammatory protein; and a negative relation with the number of lymphocytes; factor-stromal cells. During acute period there were positive correlated relations between the level of triidothyronine and the number of platelets; immunoglobulin M; and during reconvalescence period the level of triidothyronine and thyroxin positively correlated with the number of neutrophils; and negatively with the number of lymphocytes.Conclusion. During post-COVID period children after acute respiratory viral infections had identified immuneendocrine dysfunctions giving evidence to inhibition of the synthesis of hormones of adrenal gland cortex and thyroid system; synthesis of most cytokines; insufficient activation of congenital immunity that is likely to occur due to COVID-19 that proves the necessity of immune-corrective therapy.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traveler apps for mobile devices such as smartphones are becoming more widely available. This study aimed to identify traveler infectious disease self-monitoring implementation strategies on a mobile application. It analyzed 73 journals from the PubMed database using the descriptive-analytic method. The records used in this exploration study were those released between 2018 and 2023 that were collected based on the keywords “travelers’ application;” or “infectious disease”. Data analysis was conducted using the VOS viewer software analytical tools.According to the findings; studies on traveler application domination with pandemic COVID-19 travel apps used. The study on mobile applications for traveler applications on infectious disease revealed four clusters of dominant themes: information about the COVID-19 outbreak; application related to diagnosis for travelers; measurement community mortality and risk; and respondent risk assessment. This study also looked at research patterns throughout time. Current research themes concern travel risk applications that can raise people’s knowledge of endemic areas; health risk avoidance; and early identification of infectious illness signs to recommend beginning management. Through bibliometric analysis and network visualization; the researchers summarized current developments in infectious disease for traveler’s research to shed light on their research frontier; trends; and hot themes. These findings could be useful for future research and views in this quickly evolving subject.
智能手机等移动设备上的旅行者应用程序越来越普及。本研究旨在确定移动应用程序中旅行者传染病自我监测的实施策略。它采用描述-分析方法对PubMed数据库中的73篇期刊进行了分析。本次探索研究使用的记录是根据关键词 "旅行者应用；"或 "传染病 "收集到的2018年至2023年间发布的记录。数据分析使用 VOS 浏览器软件分析工具进行.根据研究结果显示；关于旅行者应用主导与大流行病 COVID-19 旅行应用程序使用的研究。关于传染病的旅行者应用移动应用程序的研究显示了四个群组的主导主题：COVID-19 爆发的相关信息；旅行者诊断的相关应用；测量社区死亡率和风险；受访者风险评估。本研究还考察了不同时期的研究模式。目前的研究主题涉及旅行风险应用，可提高人们对流行病地区的了解；健康风险规避；以及早期识别传染病征兆以建议开始治疗。通过文献计量分析和网络可视化，研究人员总结了当前旅行者传染病研究的发展情况，以揭示其研究前沿、趋势和热门主题。这些发现有助于今后对这一迅速发展的课题进行研究和发表看法。
{"title":"Traveler-Related Mobile Application for Infectious Disease Self-Monitoring","authors":"Farindira Vesti Rahmasari, Cahya Damarjati, D. Selvyana, Mallika Imwong, Andhika Sahadewa","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-98-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-98-105","url":null,"abstract":"Traveler apps for mobile devices such as smartphones are becoming more widely available. This study aimed to identify traveler infectious disease self-monitoring implementation strategies on a mobile application. It analyzed 73 journals from the PubMed database using the descriptive-analytic method. The records used in this exploration study were those released between 2018 and 2023 that were collected based on the keywords “travelers’ application;” or “infectious disease”. Data analysis was conducted using the VOS viewer software analytical tools.According to the findings; studies on traveler application domination with pandemic COVID-19 travel apps used. The study on mobile applications for traveler applications on infectious disease revealed four clusters of dominant themes: information about the COVID-19 outbreak; application related to diagnosis for travelers; measurement community mortality and risk; and respondent risk assessment. This study also looked at research patterns throughout time. Current research themes concern travel risk applications that can raise people’s knowledge of endemic areas; health risk avoidance; and early identification of infectious illness signs to recommend beginning management. Through bibliometric analysis and network visualization; the researchers summarized current developments in infectious disease for traveler’s research to shed light on their research frontier; trends; and hot themes. These findings could be useful for future research and views in this quickly evolving subject.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"32 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-89-97
K. Medvedev, D. A. Gusev, V. A. Zinserling, M. A. Protchenkov, N. Y. Semenova, V. S. Evstropov
A trigger mechanism plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic syndrome in COVID-19. On one hand; the development of heparin-induced coagulopathy is not excluded; on the other hand; the development of critical conditions is accompanied by the release of proinflammatory factors into the bloodstream. SARS-CoV-2 – associated endotheliopathy is considered as an additional link in the pathological process.The aim of the study is to determine main risk factors and mechanisms of development of surgical hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19 patients on the basis of a comprehensive clinical; laboratory and instrumental examination; including pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies.The study included 115 patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and 24 patients with spontaneous hemorrhages in soft tissues. It was found that with high reliability (p<0.05); the development of surgical hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 correlated with an increase in INR; a decrease in PTI; the presence of COPD; as well as the development of gas syndrome and sepsis. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to CD31 and CD34 receptors expressed on the surface of the endothelium revealed an alteration of the endothelial monolayer; contributing to the occurrence of a hemorrhagic event.Thus; it can be assumed that an increase in the frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous hemorrhages in soft tissues of various anatomical locations in COVID-19 patients may be associated with the direct cytopathic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on endotheliocytes (destruction of the vascular wall due to degradation of the endothelial layer); which determines the formation of a single pathogenetic mechanism of development hemorrhages in COVID-19.
{"title":"Surgical hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19 patients: risk factors and development mechanisms","authors":"K. Medvedev, D. A. Gusev, V. A. Zinserling, M. A. Protchenkov, N. Y. Semenova, V. S. Evstropov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-89-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-89-97","url":null,"abstract":"A trigger mechanism plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic syndrome in COVID-19. On one hand; the development of heparin-induced coagulopathy is not excluded; on the other hand; the development of critical conditions is accompanied by the release of proinflammatory factors into the bloodstream. SARS-CoV-2 – associated endotheliopathy is considered as an additional link in the pathological process.The aim of the study is to determine main risk factors and mechanisms of development of surgical hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19 patients on the basis of a comprehensive clinical; laboratory and instrumental examination; including pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies.The study included 115 patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and 24 patients with spontaneous hemorrhages in soft tissues. It was found that with high reliability (p<0.05); the development of surgical hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 correlated with an increase in INR; a decrease in PTI; the presence of COPD; as well as the development of gas syndrome and sepsis. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to CD31 and CD34 receptors expressed on the surface of the endothelium revealed an alteration of the endothelial monolayer; contributing to the occurrence of a hemorrhagic event.Thus; it can be assumed that an increase in the frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous hemorrhages in soft tissues of various anatomical locations in COVID-19 patients may be associated with the direct cytopathic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on endotheliocytes (destruction of the vascular wall due to degradation of the endothelial layer); which determines the formation of a single pathogenetic mechanism of development hemorrhages in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-28-36
S. G. Gorbunov, A. V. Bitsueva, A. A. Cheburkin, N. D. Odinayeva
Purpose: determination of the clinical course; laboratory and instrumental examination data; and analysis of the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment in obese children.Materials and methods. 50 children with COVID-19 who were obese and 50 children with this infection who had a normal body weight were under observation. All patients underwent general clinical physical examination; laboratory studies (PCR analysis of smears from the mouth and nasopharynx for SARS-CoV-2 RNA; clinical and biochemical blood tests; general urine analysis; coagulogram; blood test for proteins of the acute phase of inflammation); instrumental studies (pulsoximetry; CT of organs chest). In addition; weight; height and body mass index were determined for all children. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the parametric Student t-test for independent samples.Summary. 34% of obese patients had a history of other various background diseases. In this group; 76% of children had contact with acute respiratory infections in the family or organized groups. In both groups; all children had fever and intoxication; sore throat and rhinitis – in 24-36%; vomiting and diarrhea – in 10-12%. Significantly more often in obese patients; symptoms of respiratory tract damage such as cough (98% vs. 62%) and shortness of breath (36% vs. 2%) were observed. The duration of fever; intoxication; cough and shortness of breath in the group of obese patients was significantly higher compared to children in the comparison group. Obese patients had significantly higher CRP levels during hospitalization (18;6 vs. 8;4 mg/l); whereas by the time of discharge the differences had already been leveled (5;5 vs. 1;9 mg/l). In the observation group; the ferritin content was significantly higher relative to the comparison group both upon admission to the hospital (195;1 vs. 62;5 ng/ml) and after the end of the course of treatment (166;7 vs. 54;6 ng/ml). Lung damage according to CT studies in obese patients with COVID-19 was significantly more common than in the comparison group – 59;0±7;0% vs. 8;0±3;8%. They also developed grade I of respiratory failure more often; because the minimum SpO2 was lower than normal and lower relative to children with normal body weight (94;8±2;0% vs. 98;3±0;8%). Obese children required significantly longer treatment of COVID-19 relative to the comparison group for all types of therapy they received. As a result; these patients spent significantly more bed days in the hospital – 9;3±3;6 vs. 6;2±2;0.Conclusion. COVID-19 in obese children is more severe than in patients with normal body weight; which required long-term complex treatment in a hospital.
{"title":"COVID-19 and obesity in children: clinical and diagnostic parallels","authors":"S. G. Gorbunov, A. V. Bitsueva, A. A. Cheburkin, N. D. Odinayeva","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: determination of the clinical course; laboratory and instrumental examination data; and analysis of the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment in obese children.Materials and methods. 50 children with COVID-19 who were obese and 50 children with this infection who had a normal body weight were under observation. All patients underwent general clinical physical examination; laboratory studies (PCR analysis of smears from the mouth and nasopharynx for SARS-CoV-2 RNA; clinical and biochemical blood tests; general urine analysis; coagulogram; blood test for proteins of the acute phase of inflammation); instrumental studies (pulsoximetry; CT of organs chest). In addition; weight; height and body mass index were determined for all children. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the parametric Student t-test for independent samples.Summary. 34% of obese patients had a history of other various background diseases. In this group; 76% of children had contact with acute respiratory infections in the family or organized groups. In both groups; all children had fever and intoxication; sore throat and rhinitis – in 24-36%; vomiting and diarrhea – in 10-12%. Significantly more often in obese patients; symptoms of respiratory tract damage such as cough (98% vs. 62%) and shortness of breath (36% vs. 2%) were observed. The duration of fever; intoxication; cough and shortness of breath in the group of obese patients was significantly higher compared to children in the comparison group. Obese patients had significantly higher CRP levels during hospitalization (18;6 vs. 8;4 mg/l); whereas by the time of discharge the differences had already been leveled (5;5 vs. 1;9 mg/l). In the observation group; the ferritin content was significantly higher relative to the comparison group both upon admission to the hospital (195;1 vs. 62;5 ng/ml) and after the end of the course of treatment (166;7 vs. 54;6 ng/ml). Lung damage according to CT studies in obese patients with COVID-19 was significantly more common than in the comparison group – 59;0±7;0% vs. 8;0±3;8%. They also developed grade I of respiratory failure more often; because the minimum SpO2 was lower than normal and lower relative to children with normal body weight (94;8±2;0% vs. 98;3±0;8%). Obese children required significantly longer treatment of COVID-19 relative to the comparison group for all types of therapy they received. As a result; these patients spent significantly more bed days in the hospital – 9;3±3;6 vs. 6;2±2;0.Conclusion. COVID-19 in obese children is more severe than in patients with normal body weight; which required long-term complex treatment in a hospital.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"20 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-110-114
M. I. Grusha, S. B. Hudoyarov, A. A. Arzhanovskaya, D. R. Kosorotov, R. V. Zonova
Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans; wild and domestic animals. The causative agent of tularemia is Francisella tularensis; which is a gram-negative bacterium in the form of a coccobacillus. This disease has multiple clinical manifestations depending on the path of infection; the virulence of the infecting bacterial strain and the underlying health status of infected individuals. Systemic infections (for example; pulmonary and typhoid forms) and complications are rare; but can be life-threatening. Most people suffer from a local infection (for example; skin ulcers; conjunctivitis or pharyngitis) with regional lymphadenopathy; which develops to suppuration in about 30% of patients and a chronic course of infection. The disease is spread through vectors such as mosquitoes; horseflies; deer flies and ticks. People can become infected with this disease through direct contact with sick animals; eating infected animals; drinking or direct contact with contaminated water and inhaling aerosols containing bacteria. There are natural foci of tularemia on the territory of the Republic of Crimea; which; combined with low awareness of the population; creates prerequisites for the formation of an unfavorable epidemic situation on the peninsula. The purpose of this study is to study the features of the clinical course of tularemia. A retrospective analysis of the patient’s medical history with the final diagnosis was carried out: tularemia; glandular form; moderate severity. The following keywords were used to search for literary sources: “tularemia”; “natural foci of tularemia in the Crimea”. The eLibrary search engine was used to search for literature.ru — scientific electronic library”; the PubMed search engine was used to search for English-language literature.
{"title":"A case of tularemia in the Republic of Crimea","authors":"M. I. Grusha, S. B. Hudoyarov, A. A. Arzhanovskaya, D. R. Kosorotov, R. V. Zonova","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-110-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-110-114","url":null,"abstract":"Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans; wild and domestic animals. The causative agent of tularemia is Francisella tularensis; which is a gram-negative bacterium in the form of a coccobacillus. This disease has multiple clinical manifestations depending on the path of infection; the virulence of the infecting bacterial strain and the underlying health status of infected individuals. Systemic infections (for example; pulmonary and typhoid forms) and complications are rare; but can be life-threatening. Most people suffer from a local infection (for example; skin ulcers; conjunctivitis or pharyngitis) with regional lymphadenopathy; which develops to suppuration in about 30% of patients and a chronic course of infection. The disease is spread through vectors such as mosquitoes; horseflies; deer flies and ticks. People can become infected with this disease through direct contact with sick animals; eating infected animals; drinking or direct contact with contaminated water and inhaling aerosols containing bacteria. There are natural foci of tularemia on the territory of the Republic of Crimea; which; combined with low awareness of the population; creates prerequisites for the formation of an unfavorable epidemic situation on the peninsula. The purpose of this study is to study the features of the clinical course of tularemia. A retrospective analysis of the patient’s medical history with the final diagnosis was carried out: tularemia; glandular form; moderate severity. The following keywords were used to search for literary sources: “tularemia”; “natural foci of tularemia in the Crimea”. The eLibrary search engine was used to search for literature.ru — scientific electronic library”; the PubMed search engine was used to search for English-language literature.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-106-109
I. A. Otmakhova, O. L. Sobolevskaya, A. S. Belousova, T. M. Kharitonova, V. D. Shpilevsky
This clinical case describes a rare clinical complication of infectious mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a 19-year-old patient. The current literature sources; medical history; examination data and discharge epicrisis of the patient are analyzed. Rupture of the spleen is an extremely rare complication that develops in 1% of patients against the background of infection. At the same time; the diagnosis of the complication is not very difficult – it is necessary to conduct ultrasound of the abdominal organs in dynamics in the event of a rupture clinic (critical days of the disease are especially important – 10-20 days). But due to its rarity; many clinicians forget about the possibility of developing this complication. The main purpose of the work is to attract attention and alertness to the potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis.
{"title":"A clinical case of a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis associated with the Epstein-Barr virus","authors":"I. A. Otmakhova, O. L. Sobolevskaya, A. S. Belousova, T. M. Kharitonova, V. D. Shpilevsky","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-106-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-106-109","url":null,"abstract":"This clinical case describes a rare clinical complication of infectious mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a 19-year-old patient. The current literature sources; medical history; examination data and discharge epicrisis of the patient are analyzed. Rupture of the spleen is an extremely rare complication that develops in 1% of patients against the background of infection. At the same time; the diagnosis of the complication is not very difficult – it is necessary to conduct ultrasound of the abdominal organs in dynamics in the event of a rupture clinic (critical days of the disease are especially important – 10-20 days). But due to its rarity; many clinicians forget about the possibility of developing this complication. The main purpose of the work is to attract attention and alertness to the potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-52-62
E. Medvedeva, G. G. Maryin, O. A. Svitich, K. Zykov, A. A. Ploskireva, T. A. Chebotareva, O. A. Gruzdeva, D. Nazarov, I. O. Volynkov, A. A. Leshchenko
Purpose of the study: to analyze the influence of dietary habits and the use of biologically active additives (BAAs) as a factor influencing the risk of COVID-19 in medical workers.Materials and methods: A longitudinal online study was conducted from March to April 2022. Incidence was assessed as the percentage of COVID-19 cases among the total number of respondents. Characteristics of methods for studying actual nutrition were carried out using the method of retrospective recording of nutrition (method of analysis of frequency of consumption).Results: respondents who took vitamin D in a prophylactic dosage were less likely to get sick with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2) – 35.9% did not get sick with SARSCoV-2; and those who didn’t take it – only 5.85%; p <0. 0001. Taking vitamin D reduced the odds (OR) of developing COVID-19 by 9.011 times (95% CI 4.581–17.710); and the relative risk of developing the disease by 46.5%. Prophylactic use of multivitamin complexes did not affect the risk of COVID-19 (p=0.14). It was found that the use of vegetables in the daily diet reduces the chance (OR) of the occurrence of clinical manifestations of a new coronavirus infection by 1.948 times (95% CI 0.845–4.492); and when consuming more than 400 grams per day – by 2.530 times (95% CI 1.015– 6.306). Daily consumption of green salads reduces the risk of disease by 29.5%.Conclusion: impaired nutritional status leads to dysregulation of inflammation and oxidative stress; increasing susceptibility to infection and the risk of worsening the disease. The role of proper nutrition should not be overlooked and the use of vitamin D as a non–specific prophylaxis supports the immune system.
研究目的：分析饮食习惯和生物活性添加剂（BAA）的使用对医务工作者罹患COVID-19风险的影响：2022年3月至4月进行了一项纵向在线研究。发病率以 COVID-19 病例占受访者总数的百分比进行评估。结果：服用预防剂量维生素 D 的受访者感染 COVID-19（确诊为 SARS-CoV-2）的几率较低--35.9% 的受访者没有感染 SARSCoV-2；而没有服用维生素 D 的受访者只有 5.85%；P <0.服用维生素 D 可使 COVID-19 的发病几率 (OR) 降低 9.011 倍（95% CI 4.581-17.710）；发病的相对风险降低 46.5%。预防性服用复合维生素不会影响 COVID-19 的发病风险（P=0.14）。研究发现，在日常饮食中使用蔬菜可将新冠状病毒感染临床表现的发生几率（OR）降低 1.948 倍（95% CI 0.845-4.492）；如果每天食用超过 400 克，则降低 2.530 倍（95% CI 1.015-6.306）。结论：营养不良会导致炎症和氧化应激失调，增加感染的易感性和疾病恶化的风险。合理营养的作用不容忽视，而维生素 D 作为一种非特异性预防药物，可为免疫系统提供支持。
{"title":"Morbidity of medical staff depending on nutritional characteristics and use of vitamins","authors":"E. Medvedeva, G. G. Maryin, O. A. Svitich, K. Zykov, A. A. Ploskireva, T. A. Chebotareva, O. A. Gruzdeva, D. Nazarov, I. O. Volynkov, A. A. Leshchenko","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-52-62","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: to analyze the influence of dietary habits and the use of biologically active additives (BAAs) as a factor influencing the risk of COVID-19 in medical workers.Materials and methods: A longitudinal online study was conducted from March to April 2022. Incidence was assessed as the percentage of COVID-19 cases among the total number of respondents. Characteristics of methods for studying actual nutrition were carried out using the method of retrospective recording of nutrition (method of analysis of frequency of consumption).Results: respondents who took vitamin D in a prophylactic dosage were less likely to get sick with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2) – 35.9% did not get sick with SARSCoV-2; and those who didn’t take it – only 5.85%; p <0. 0001. Taking vitamin D reduced the odds (OR) of developing COVID-19 by 9.011 times (95% CI 4.581–17.710); and the relative risk of developing the disease by 46.5%. Prophylactic use of multivitamin complexes did not affect the risk of COVID-19 (p=0.14). It was found that the use of vegetables in the daily diet reduces the chance (OR) of the occurrence of clinical manifestations of a new coronavirus infection by 1.948 times (95% CI 0.845–4.492); and when consuming more than 400 grams per day – by 2.530 times (95% CI 1.015– 6.306). Daily consumption of green salads reduces the risk of disease by 29.5%.Conclusion: impaired nutritional status leads to dysregulation of inflammation and oxidative stress; increasing susceptibility to infection and the risk of worsening the disease. The role of proper nutrition should not be overlooked and the use of vitamin D as a non–specific prophylaxis supports the immune system.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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