Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-110-116
K. Korsak, E. Voropaev, A. Kovalev, T. Sharshakova, I. O. Stoma
Objective. To assess the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attitudes of Belarusian doctors toward vaccination.Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey has been conducted using the Google Forms service for doctors of different specialties in the Republic of Belarus.Results. A total of 1815 doctors from 7 regions of the Republic of Belarus participated in the survey. A considerable part of the respondents (79,89%, or 1450 people) have a positive attitude to vaccination, 16,42% (298 people) – neutral, a part of the respondents (3,69%, or 67 people) have a negative attitude towards vaccination. The highest percentage of positive evaluations of the attitude towards vaccination was revealed among infectious disease doctors, pediatricians and doctors of prophylactic specialization. For a significant proportion of respondents (62.7%, or 1,138 people), the pandemic raised an interest in vaccination issues. The attitudes toward vaccination by the majority of surveyed physicians either remained unchanged (49.2%, or 893 people) or changed for the better (47.22%, or 857 people). The vast majority of respondents are vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. Willingness to be vaccinated against influenza was most noted among infectious disease specialists and prophylactic physicians.Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic changed more than just practical medicine and science, it also transformed the information field, initiated educational reforms, and demonstrated the importance of human values. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the physicians’ growing interest in vaccination.
{"title":"The COVID-19 crisis as a vector for changes in healthcare","authors":"K. Korsak, E. Voropaev, A. Kovalev, T. Sharshakova, I. O. Stoma","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-110-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-110-116","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attitudes of Belarusian doctors toward vaccination.Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey has been conducted using the Google Forms service for doctors of different specialties in the Republic of Belarus.Results. A total of 1815 doctors from 7 regions of the Republic of Belarus participated in the survey. A considerable part of the respondents (79,89%, or 1450 people) have a positive attitude to vaccination, 16,42% (298 people) – neutral, a part of the respondents (3,69%, or 67 people) have a negative attitude towards vaccination. The highest percentage of positive evaluations of the attitude towards vaccination was revealed among infectious disease doctors, pediatricians and doctors of prophylactic specialization. For a significant proportion of respondents (62.7%, or 1,138 people), the pandemic raised an interest in vaccination issues. The attitudes toward vaccination by the majority of surveyed physicians either remained unchanged (49.2%, or 893 people) or changed for the better (47.22%, or 857 people). The vast majority of respondents are vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza. Willingness to be vaccinated against influenza was most noted among infectious disease specialists and prophylactic physicians.Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic changed more than just practical medicine and science, it also transformed the information field, initiated educational reforms, and demonstrated the importance of human values. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the physicians’ growing interest in vaccination.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-79-84
G. N. Genatullina, A. Yasenyavskaya, A. Tsibizova, M. Samotrueva
The aim of the study was to study the degree of neutrophil granulocyte myeloperoxidase activity in peripheral blood of patients with leprosy in order to predict the possible recurrence of the infectious process.Materials and methods. Electron grams of biopsies of the affected skin and blood smears of 8 (5 women and 3 men) patients with borderline (BB), 9 (6 women and 3 men) patients with subpolar lepromatous (LLs) and 7 (4 women and 3 men) patients with polar lepromatous (LLr) were used as the object of the study forms of leprosy. At the ultramicroscopic level, the degree of MP activity detected by the electron-cytochemical method in the Mf of biopsies of the affected skin, both first registered before the start of therapy and with the activation of the process during treatment, was taken into account. The percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity relative to the MP of inactive cells was calculated. In peripheral blood smears, the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) MP was evaluated by the mean cytochemical coefficient (SCC).Results. It was found that in patients with the highest percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria (79-92%), the presence of MP activity on the membranes of phagosomes and in the electron-transparent zone (around M. leprae) correlated with rapid and persistent regression of the leprosy process and long periods of relapse-free period, which was determined by comparing the data of medical histories with the results obtained in during our research. It was found that in patients without relapse with forms of BB and LLs leprosy, the activity of MP in neutrophils was 1.3 times higher (p<0.05), and the percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria was 3 times higher (p<0.01) compared with these indicators of patients with relapse of the disease. When comparing the studied markers of groups of patients without relapse with the form of leprosy LLp, the degree of MP NG activity increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05), the percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity increased by 3 times (p<0.01) relative to patients with relapses.Conclusion. Thus, the determination of myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophil granulocytes of peripheral blood can act as a prognostic marker for determining the effectiveness of anti-leprosy therapy and the risk of relapses of the disease during and after treatment.
{"title":"Prediction of the risk of recurrence of the leprosy process","authors":"G. N. Genatullina, A. Yasenyavskaya, A. Tsibizova, M. Samotrueva","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-79-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-79-84","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to study the degree of neutrophil granulocyte myeloperoxidase activity in peripheral blood of patients with leprosy in order to predict the possible recurrence of the infectious process.Materials and methods. Electron grams of biopsies of the affected skin and blood smears of 8 (5 women and 3 men) patients with borderline (BB), 9 (6 women and 3 men) patients with subpolar lepromatous (LLs) and 7 (4 women and 3 men) patients with polar lepromatous (LLr) were used as the object of the study forms of leprosy. At the ultramicroscopic level, the degree of MP activity detected by the electron-cytochemical method in the Mf of biopsies of the affected skin, both first registered before the start of therapy and with the activation of the process during treatment, was taken into account. The percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity relative to the MP of inactive cells was calculated. In peripheral blood smears, the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) MP was evaluated by the mean cytochemical coefficient (SCC).Results. It was found that in patients with the highest percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria (79-92%), the presence of MP activity on the membranes of phagosomes and in the electron-transparent zone (around M. leprae) correlated with rapid and persistent regression of the leprosy process and long periods of relapse-free period, which was determined by comparing the data of medical histories with the results obtained in during our research. It was found that in patients without relapse with forms of BB and LLs leprosy, the activity of MP in neutrophils was 1.3 times higher (p<0.05), and the percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria was 3 times higher (p<0.01) compared with these indicators of patients with relapse of the disease. When comparing the studied markers of groups of patients without relapse with the form of leprosy LLp, the degree of MP NG activity increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05), the percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity increased by 3 times (p<0.01) relative to patients with relapses.Conclusion. Thus, the determination of myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophil granulocytes of peripheral blood can act as a prognostic marker for determining the effectiveness of anti-leprosy therapy and the risk of relapses of the disease during and after treatment.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"36 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-117-124
V. T. Hoang, A. A. Kuzin, A. E. Zobov, T. T. Ha, A. A. Zobovа
Aim: To identify regional epidemiological features of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission and the factors influencing them in four regions of Vietnam.Materials and methods: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of data of 10 infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam for the period 2017-2022. Maps of incidence by province was created using the QGIS 3.28 program. Correlation coefficients between the incidence of the studied diseases and socio-economic factors were established.Results: It was revealed that the incidence of the 10 studied diseases was 443.1±113.5 0 /0000 and tends to decrease. The highest incidence was recorded in Tay Nguyen. Cases of diarrheal syndrome (330.1±73.8 0 /0000) and enteroviral vesicular stomatitis (HMFD) (93.6±33.4 0 /0000) accounted for 95.65% of all registered cases. Diarrhea is distributed mainly among children under 4 years of age (1090.3±384.8 0 /0000) and 5-9 years old (60.9±18.5 0 /0000). Regional epidemiological features of diarrhea and HMFD are shown. The highest incidence of the HMFD was recorded among children under 4 years of age in Dong Thap (4635.8 0 /0000) and Ho Chi Minh City (4210.5 0 /0000), and the highest incidence of diarrheal syndrome was in Kon Tum (2621.2 0 /0000), Thai Binh (2556.6 0 /0000) and Dien Bien (1461.9 0 /0000). Relationships were established between the incidence of diarrhea and levels of access to safe water (rSpearman = – 0.393; p = 0.001), to the sanitation system (rSpearman = – 0.267; p = 0.035), average monthly income (rSpearman = – 0.424; p = 0.001), poverty levels (rSpearman = 0.403; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The high incidence of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam is due to the high incidence of diarrhea and HMFD. A high incidence of diarrhea is typical for provinces with low levels of access to safe water and sanitation systems, high levels of poverty and low average monthly income. Incidence of HMFD is high among children under 4 years old, especially in the southern provinces with high population density in the summer and autumn seasons.
{"title":"Regional epidemiological features of infectious diseases with fecal-oral transmission in the socialist republic of Vietnam","authors":"V. T. Hoang, A. A. Kuzin, A. E. Zobov, T. T. Ha, A. A. Zobovа","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-117-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-117-124","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To identify regional epidemiological features of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission and the factors influencing them in four regions of Vietnam.Materials and methods: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of data of 10 infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam for the period 2017-2022. Maps of incidence by province was created using the QGIS 3.28 program. Correlation coefficients between the incidence of the studied diseases and socio-economic factors were established.Results: It was revealed that the incidence of the 10 studied diseases was 443.1±113.5 0 /0000 and tends to decrease. The highest incidence was recorded in Tay Nguyen. Cases of diarrheal syndrome (330.1±73.8 0 /0000) and enteroviral vesicular stomatitis (HMFD) (93.6±33.4 0 /0000) accounted for 95.65% of all registered cases. Diarrhea is distributed mainly among children under 4 years of age (1090.3±384.8 0 /0000) and 5-9 years old (60.9±18.5 0 /0000). Regional epidemiological features of diarrhea and HMFD are shown. The highest incidence of the HMFD was recorded among children under 4 years of age in Dong Thap (4635.8 0 /0000) and Ho Chi Minh City (4210.5 0 /0000), and the highest incidence of diarrheal syndrome was in Kon Tum (2621.2 0 /0000), Thai Binh (2556.6 0 /0000) and Dien Bien (1461.9 0 /0000). Relationships were established between the incidence of diarrhea and levels of access to safe water (rSpearman = – 0.393; p = 0.001), to the sanitation system (rSpearman = – 0.267; p = 0.035), average monthly income (rSpearman = – 0.424; p = 0.001), poverty levels (rSpearman = 0.403; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The high incidence of infectious diseases spread by fecal-oral transmission in Vietnam is due to the high incidence of diarrhea and HMFD. A high incidence of diarrhea is typical for provinces with low levels of access to safe water and sanitation systems, high levels of poverty and low average monthly income. Incidence of HMFD is high among children under 4 years old, especially in the southern provinces with high population density in the summer and autumn seasons.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-125-130
Devy Vatma Rositasari, Erika Martining Wardani, Riska Rohmawati, Nur Hidaayah
HIV/AIDS sufferers are required to take antiretrovirals (ARVs), on time and with discipline, but many sufferers will forget to take their medication. In overcoming this problem by providing the my therapy application. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the my therapy application on adherence to taking ARV medication in HIV/ AIDS people at Kompeda Surabaya.The research design used the Pre-Experiment, with the one group pre-test and post-test design approaches. The study population consisted of 74 people with a sample size of 62 respondents using probability sampling technique. The variables of this study are the application of digital my therapy and adherence to taking ARV medication. Data analysis used the Wilocoxon Signed Rank Test.The results of this study were obtained after being given the application of the my therapy application to people with HIV/AIDS with the results of the statistical wilocoxon test obtained a p-value of 0.000, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted meaning that there is an effect of the application of my therapy on adherence to taking ARV medication in people with HIV/AIDS at Kompeda Surabaya.The conclusion in this study was that before the intervention was given, most patients did not adhere to taking medication. Therefore, it is hoped that HIV/AIDS patients can maintain adherence to taking ARV medication, so that it can inhibit the growth of the HIV/AIDS virus. It is hoped that Komeda Surabaya will be able to overcome the importance of special treatment with education for adherence to taking ARV medication for people with HIV/AIDS at Kompeda Surabaya.
艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者必须按时、有规律地服用抗逆转录病毒药物（ARV），但许多患者会忘记服药。通过提供 "我的疗法 "应用程序，可以克服这一问题。本研究的目的是分析在泗水 Kompeda 应用我的治疗应用程序对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病患者坚持服用抗逆转录病毒药物的影响。研究设计采用了预实验、一组前测和一组后测的设计方法。研究对象包括 74 人，采用概率抽样技术，样本量为 62 名受访者。本研究的变量为数字我疗法的应用情况和服用抗逆转录病毒药物的依从性。数据分析采用 Wilocoxon Signed Rank Test。本研究的结果是，在对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者应用我的疗法后，统计 Wilocoxon Test 的结果得出的 P 值为 0.000，可以得出 H1 被接受的结论，即应用我的疗法对泗水 Kompeda 的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者坚持服用抗逆转录病毒药物有影响。因此，希望艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者能够坚持服用抗逆转录病毒药物，从而抑制艾滋病毒/艾滋病病毒的生长。希望 Komeda Surabaya 能够克服特殊治疗的重要性，教育 Kompeda Surabaya 的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者坚持服用抗逆转录病毒药物。
{"title":"Analysis of the application of «My therapy application» to the compliance of drinking (ARV) in HIV/AIDS people in Kompeda, Surabaya","authors":"Devy Vatma Rositasari, Erika Martining Wardani, Riska Rohmawati, Nur Hidaayah","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-125-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-125-130","url":null,"abstract":"HIV/AIDS sufferers are required to take antiretrovirals (ARVs), on time and with discipline, but many sufferers will forget to take their medication. In overcoming this problem by providing the my therapy application. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the my therapy application on adherence to taking ARV medication in HIV/ AIDS people at Kompeda Surabaya.The research design used the Pre-Experiment, with the one group pre-test and post-test design approaches. The study population consisted of 74 people with a sample size of 62 respondents using probability sampling technique. The variables of this study are the application of digital my therapy and adherence to taking ARV medication. Data analysis used the Wilocoxon Signed Rank Test.The results of this study were obtained after being given the application of the my therapy application to people with HIV/AIDS with the results of the statistical wilocoxon test obtained a p-value of 0.000, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted meaning that there is an effect of the application of my therapy on adherence to taking ARV medication in people with HIV/AIDS at Kompeda Surabaya.The conclusion in this study was that before the intervention was given, most patients did not adhere to taking medication. Therefore, it is hoped that HIV/AIDS patients can maintain adherence to taking ARV medication, so that it can inhibit the growth of the HIV/AIDS virus. It is hoped that Komeda Surabaya will be able to overcome the importance of special treatment with education for adherence to taking ARV medication for people with HIV/AIDS at Kompeda Surabaya.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"9 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-85-94
E. P. Feoktistova, D. Konstantinov, E. Malova, I. Balmasova
In triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV, the prognosis is significantly poorer and life expectancy is lower because of the rapid progression of liver fibrosis or development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one of the risk factors for the unfavorable course of HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is contagious order and the interval between coinfections. The study analyzed anamnestic data and the results of direct follow-up of 97 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV for 1-2 years. Patients were divided into three study groups: (1) HIV as the first pathogen, (2) HCV as the first pathogen, and (3) HBV as the first pathogen. For each patient, the period (in years) between the acquisition of the first and subsequent pathogens was considered. During the fol-low-up period, viral HIV, HCV, and HBV load was assessed by PCR, and annual transient liver fibro-elastometry was performed to determine the fibrosis stage using the METAVIR scoring system. The risk of progressive liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is higher when HIV or HBV is the first pathogen, but the interval between the acquisition of HBV and other viruses is 10 years. Meanwhile, a stable course of liver fibrosis is associated with an HBV viral load of >7,200 copies/ml. In the risk group, the most effective antiretroviral therapy was a combination of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, and direct antiviral (anti-HCV) drugs. Therefore, the order of infection and intervals between pathogen acquisition in triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV have a significant effect on liver fibrosis progression, which requires specific approaches to the organization of diagnostic tests and the control of antiretroviral therapy.
{"title":"Contagious order as a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression in co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses","authors":"E. P. Feoktistova, D. Konstantinov, E. Malova, I. Balmasova","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-85-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-85-94","url":null,"abstract":"In triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV, the prognosis is significantly poorer and life expectancy is lower because of the rapid progression of liver fibrosis or development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one of the risk factors for the unfavorable course of HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is contagious order and the interval between coinfections. The study analyzed anamnestic data and the results of direct follow-up of 97 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV for 1-2 years. Patients were divided into three study groups: (1) HIV as the first pathogen, (2) HCV as the first pathogen, and (3) HBV as the first pathogen. For each patient, the period (in years) between the acquisition of the first and subsequent pathogens was considered. During the fol-low-up period, viral HIV, HCV, and HBV load was assessed by PCR, and annual transient liver fibro-elastometry was performed to determine the fibrosis stage using the METAVIR scoring system. The risk of progressive liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is higher when HIV or HBV is the first pathogen, but the interval between the acquisition of HBV and other viruses is 10 years. Meanwhile, a stable course of liver fibrosis is associated with an HBV viral load of >7,200 copies/ml. In the risk group, the most effective antiretroviral therapy was a combination of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, and direct antiviral (anti-HCV) drugs. Therefore, the order of infection and intervals between pathogen acquisition in triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV have a significant effect on liver fibrosis progression, which requires specific approaches to the organization of diagnostic tests and the control of antiretroviral therapy.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"27 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-140-147
O. Samodova, E. Krieger, A. V. Emel’yancev, E. E. Yakusheva, K. V. Haritonova
The article presents two clinical cases with description of peculiarities of septic infection occurred after splenectomy and due to congenital splenic hypoplasia.Decreased immune defense resulted from splenectomy leads to severe infections with a high risk of death. The most severe sequela is overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI-syndrome) which is characterized by high mortality rate (50-70%) within 12-24 hours from the onset of the first symptoms. The main risk factors of postsplenectomy sepsis are a condition which became an indication for splenectomy, the immune status of the patient, age and the time period after splenectomyStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infuenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis are commonly identified etiological factors of OPSI-syndrome. The diagnosis could be delayed due to nonspecific flu-like prodromal symptoms of the OPSI-syndrome. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis may increase the risk of death.One of the syndromes associated with post-splenectomy sepsis is fulminant purpura (purpura fulminans), which requires differential diagnosis with meningococcal infection. However, half of the cases of fulminant pneumococcal purpura occur in patients with asplenia or hyposplenia. In the first clinical case, a preliminary diagnosis of generalized meningococcal infection was made on admission, but the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection could not be excluded in asplenic patient and was subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests.Given the high risk of fulminant postsplenectomy sepsis, and the difficulties of timely diagnosis, the preventive strategy of infections after splenectomy falls into three major categories- vaccination, antibiotic prophylaxis, and patient (patient’s parents) education.Improving healthcare workers’ knowledge is required to ensure prompt diagnosis of hyposplenism, adequate risk assessment of postplenectomy infection and prevention of OPSI-syndrome.
{"title":"Purpura fulminans – meningococcal infection or postsplenectomy sepsis","authors":"O. Samodova, E. Krieger, A. V. Emel’yancev, E. E. Yakusheva, K. V. Haritonova","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-140-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-140-147","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents two clinical cases with description of peculiarities of septic infection occurred after splenectomy and due to congenital splenic hypoplasia.Decreased immune defense resulted from splenectomy leads to severe infections with a high risk of death. The most severe sequela is overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI-syndrome) which is characterized by high mortality rate (50-70%) within 12-24 hours from the onset of the first symptoms. The main risk factors of postsplenectomy sepsis are a condition which became an indication for splenectomy, the immune status of the patient, age and the time period after splenectomyStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infuenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis are commonly identified etiological factors of OPSI-syndrome. The diagnosis could be delayed due to nonspecific flu-like prodromal symptoms of the OPSI-syndrome. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis may increase the risk of death.One of the syndromes associated with post-splenectomy sepsis is fulminant purpura (purpura fulminans), which requires differential diagnosis with meningococcal infection. However, half of the cases of fulminant pneumococcal purpura occur in patients with asplenia or hyposplenia. In the first clinical case, a preliminary diagnosis of generalized meningococcal infection was made on admission, but the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection could not be excluded in asplenic patient and was subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests.Given the high risk of fulminant postsplenectomy sepsis, and the difficulties of timely diagnosis, the preventive strategy of infections after splenectomy falls into three major categories- vaccination, antibiotic prophylaxis, and patient (patient’s parents) education.Improving healthcare workers’ knowledge is required to ensure prompt diagnosis of hyposplenism, adequate risk assessment of postplenectomy infection and prevention of OPSI-syndrome.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-148-151
E. Bataeva, I. K. Bogomolova, A. Dolina, A. Oparina
The results of research of variants of kidney damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) in children are analyzed. Manifestations range from minor urinary syndrome to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). А clinical case of debut of nephrotic syndrome against the background of manifest coronavirus infection in an 11-year-old girl has been demonstrated.
{"title":"Kidney damage in children with COVID-19 (clinical observation)","authors":"E. Bataeva, I. K. Bogomolova, A. Dolina, A. Oparina","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-148-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-148-151","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research of variants of kidney damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) in children are analyzed. Manifestations range from minor urinary syndrome to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). А clinical case of debut of nephrotic syndrome against the background of manifest coronavirus infection in an 11-year-old girl has been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-95-101
A. Saryglar, O. Isaeva, V. Kichatova, M. Lopatukhina, I. Potemkin, A. A. Кarlsen, L. Ilchenko, K. K. Kyuregyan, M. I. Mikhailov
The aim is to determine the dynamic changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among various age groups of the conditionally healthy population of the Tyva Republic over the past 11 years.Material and methods. 1163 serum samples collected in 2019 from the healthy volunteers living in the Tyva Republic of were tested for HCV markers. The study included people of 10 age cohorts: less than 1 year, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years, and 60 years or older. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using commercially available enzyme immunoassay. HCV RNA was detected in anti-HCV positive samples by means of RT-PCR. The dynamic changes in HCV prevalence were assessed based on a comparison of the results with data of the seroservey of the same design conducted in this region in 2008 in similar age cohorts of healthy volunteers (n=910).Results and discussion. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among general population of the Tyva Republic in 2019 was 2.0%. This indicator slightly decreased by 1.7 times over 10 years (3.3% in 2008, p =0.1629). The prevalence of active HCV infection in the Tyva Republic also decreased not significantly (1.1% in 2019 vs. 1.3% in 2008, p = 0.6901). The proportion of people with active infection among anti-HCV positives in 2019 was 56.5%.The decrease in the prevalence of HCV infection over 11 years was associated with a significant reduction in the detection rates of hepatitis C markers in age cohort 40-49 years (0.9% in 2019 vs. 3.6% in 2008 for HCV RNA, p<0.05, and 1.8% in 2019 vs. 9.1% in 2008 for anti-HCV, p<0.05, respectively). The highest rates of detection of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were observed among participants aged 60 years and over (8.0% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2019 and 11.0 and 6.3%, respectively, in 2008), which significantly exceeded detection rates in other age groups, both in 2008 and 2019 (<0.05).Conclusion. A decrease in the prevalence of HCV infection in general population of the Tyva Republic was observed over last 11 years, primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of unidentified cases of infection among people aged 40-49 years. At the same time, the proportion of unidentified cases of HCV infection in persons aged 60 years and older remains consistently high, which is apparently due to insufficient screening coverage in this age cohort. This age-associated risk cohort should be benefited from the inclusion in HCV screening program.
{"title":"Dynamic changes in the prevalence of markers of hepatitis C virus infection among the conditionally healthy population of the Tyva Republic","authors":"A. Saryglar, O. Isaeva, V. Kichatova, M. Lopatukhina, I. Potemkin, A. A. Кarlsen, L. Ilchenko, K. K. Kyuregyan, M. I. Mikhailov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-95-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-95-101","url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to determine the dynamic changes in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among various age groups of the conditionally healthy population of the Tyva Republic over the past 11 years.Material and methods. 1163 serum samples collected in 2019 from the healthy volunteers living in the Tyva Republic of were tested for HCV markers. The study included people of 10 age cohorts: less than 1 year, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years, and 60 years or older. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using commercially available enzyme immunoassay. HCV RNA was detected in anti-HCV positive samples by means of RT-PCR. The dynamic changes in HCV prevalence were assessed based on a comparison of the results with data of the seroservey of the same design conducted in this region in 2008 in similar age cohorts of healthy volunteers (n=910).Results and discussion. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among general population of the Tyva Republic in 2019 was 2.0%. This indicator slightly decreased by 1.7 times over 10 years (3.3% in 2008, p =0.1629). The prevalence of active HCV infection in the Tyva Republic also decreased not significantly (1.1% in 2019 vs. 1.3% in 2008, p = 0.6901). The proportion of people with active infection among anti-HCV positives in 2019 was 56.5%.The decrease in the prevalence of HCV infection over 11 years was associated with a significant reduction in the detection rates of hepatitis C markers in age cohort 40-49 years (0.9% in 2019 vs. 3.6% in 2008 for HCV RNA, p<0.05, and 1.8% in 2019 vs. 9.1% in 2008 for anti-HCV, p<0.05, respectively). The highest rates of detection of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were observed among participants aged 60 years and over (8.0% and 7.0%, respectively, in 2019 and 11.0 and 6.3%, respectively, in 2008), which significantly exceeded detection rates in other age groups, both in 2008 and 2019 (<0.05).Conclusion. A decrease in the prevalence of HCV infection in general population of the Tyva Republic was observed over last 11 years, primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of unidentified cases of infection among people aged 40-49 years. At the same time, the proportion of unidentified cases of HCV infection in persons aged 60 years and older remains consistently high, which is apparently due to insufficient screening coverage in this age cohort. This age-associated risk cohort should be benefited from the inclusion in HCV screening program.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-14-24
D. Danilenko, A. Komissarov, A. A. Perederiy, A. V. Fadeyev, D. Lioznov
The review provides brief historical information on the highly pathogenic influenza A (H5) and presents data on massive outbreaks caused by this subtype. It includes historical background, data on outbreaks, and the formation of potentially pandemic viruses. The abstract also highlights the current state of the problem, such as the spread of H5 influenza in new territories and its ability to infect mammals and humans. The issues of vaccination for poultry and the challenges of implementing it globally are addressed. Furthermore, the risks of further spread of the virus and the emergence of pandemic strains are being discussed.
{"title":"Highly pathogenic influenza H5: risks of a new pandemic strain developing","authors":"D. Danilenko, A. Komissarov, A. A. Perederiy, A. V. Fadeyev, D. Lioznov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-14-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-14-24","url":null,"abstract":"The review provides brief historical information on the highly pathogenic influenza A (H5) and presents data on massive outbreaks caused by this subtype. It includes historical background, data on outbreaks, and the formation of potentially pandemic viruses. The abstract also highlights the current state of the problem, such as the spread of H5 influenza in new territories and its ability to infect mammals and humans. The issues of vaccination for poultry and the challenges of implementing it globally are addressed. Furthermore, the risks of further spread of the virus and the emergence of pandemic strains are being discussed.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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