Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-5-16
A. S. Korovkin, Yu. I. Obukhov, E. N. Syatchikhina
Various pneumococcal vaccines are available worldwide, differing in the range of serotypes coverage and type of vaccine, which determine different mechanisms of action and postvaccinal immunity. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection is recommended for both children and adults. Based on information from public sources, we analyzed recommendations for vaccination of adult patients in various countries. The information was summarized in the main blocks: the availability of government funding and vaccination programs for all persons depending on age; availability of government funding and vaccination programs for all patients with risk factors; availability of vaccination recommendations depending on age and risk factors, not funded by the state. The collected data also was analyzed according to vaccination schedules and recommended types of pneumococcal vaccines. In fact, few countries have included vaccination of adults in their preventive vaccination schedules. Pneumococcal disease vaccination in adults is primarily the prerogative of economically developed countries. Currently, there is a clear transition from mono-vaccination with the polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine PPV23 and combined vaccination regimens with a 13or 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine with revaccination with PPV23 to monovaccination with a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Taking into account the spectrum of detected pneumococcal serotypes and molecular epidemiology data available in our country, the use of PCV20 can be considered justified.
{"title":"Approaches to vaccination of adults against pneumococcal disease in different countries of the world","authors":"A. S. Korovkin, Yu. I. Obukhov, E. N. Syatchikhina","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"Various pneumococcal vaccines are available worldwide, differing in the range of serotypes coverage and type of vaccine, which determine different mechanisms of action and postvaccinal immunity. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection is recommended for both children and adults. Based on information from public sources, we analyzed recommendations for vaccination of adult patients in various countries. The information was summarized in the main blocks: the availability of government funding and vaccination programs for all persons depending on age; availability of government funding and vaccination programs for all patients with risk factors; availability of vaccination recommendations depending on age and risk factors, not funded by the state. The collected data also was analyzed according to vaccination schedules and recommended types of pneumococcal vaccines. In fact, few countries have included vaccination of adults in their preventive vaccination schedules. Pneumococcal disease vaccination in adults is primarily the prerogative of economically developed countries. Currently, there is a clear transition from mono-vaccination with the polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine PPV23 and combined vaccination regimens with a 13or 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine with revaccination with PPV23 to monovaccination with a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Taking into account the spectrum of detected pneumococcal serotypes and molecular epidemiology data available in our country, the use of PCV20 can be considered justified.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-17-27
E. A. Karaseva, V. A. Martynov, Yu. V. Abalenikhina, N. S. Muravlyannikov
Potentiation of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress by a new infectious agent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause a severe course of the infectious disease. However, the study of the manifestations of oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia and infectious diseases is not widespread. This review reveals the features of the state of the antioxidant system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is devoted to identifying possible biochemical markers that predict severe infections among such patients.
{"title":"Possible biochemical markers-predictors of severe course of infectious diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"E. A. Karaseva, V. A. Martynov, Yu. V. Abalenikhina, N. S. Muravlyannikov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-17-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-2-17-27","url":null,"abstract":"Potentiation of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress by a new infectious agent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause a severe course of the infectious disease. However, the study of the manifestations of oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia and infectious diseases is not widespread. This review reveals the features of the state of the antioxidant system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is devoted to identifying possible biochemical markers that predict severe infections among such patients.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"103 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-67-74
I. A. Karmokov, E. G. Riabiko, R. R. Baimova, L. V. Buts, E. S. Khalilov, D. I. Grechishkina, I. S. Lyzenko, I. A. Bachinin, N. K. Tokarevich
The study’s objective was to reveal trends in infections transmitted by ixodes ticks epidemic processes and the level of seroprevalence of the population to the tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis/ E. muris in the Leningrad Oblast.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the tick-bite incidence rate, the ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Q fever, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis incidence rates, as well as vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis of the population of the Leningrad Oblast in 20112020. The official data of the tick-bite incidence rate, infections transmitted by ixodes ticks incidence rates and vaccination of the population was taken from the forms of federal statistical observation No. 2 and No. 5. Blood was sampled in 2019-2020 from randomly selected donors. Blood serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of IgG antibodies to the pathogens of the studied infections using commercial test systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results. In the Leningrad Oblast, in 2011-2020, there was a downward trend in the tick-bite incidence rate, as well as in the incidence rates of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks. The long-term average tick bite incidence rate was 369.0. The long-term average incidence rate of ixodic tick–borne borreliosis was 4.1; tick–borne encephalitis was 1.4; Q fever was 0.02. During the analyzed period, no cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis were reported. The seroprevalence to tick-borne encephalitis virus was 1.7%; to B. burgdorferi s. l. – 3.7%; to C. burnetii – 1.8%; to A. phagocytophilum – 1.0%; to E. chaffeensis/ E.muris – 3.2%.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the existence of active natural foci of infections transmitted by ixodes ticks, fairly frequent contact of the residents with these foci, and possible significant hypodiagnosis of these infections in the Leningrad Oblast.
{"title":"Tick-borne infections in the Leningrad oblast: incidence and seroprevalence","authors":"I. A. Karmokov, E. G. Riabiko, R. R. Baimova, L. V. Buts, E. S. Khalilov, D. I. Grechishkina, I. S. Lyzenko, I. A. Bachinin, N. K. Tokarevich","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s objective was to reveal trends in infections transmitted by ixodes ticks epidemic processes and the level of seroprevalence of the population to the tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis/ E. muris in the Leningrad Oblast.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the tick-bite incidence rate, the ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Q fever, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis incidence rates, as well as vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis of the population of the Leningrad Oblast in 20112020. The official data of the tick-bite incidence rate, infections transmitted by ixodes ticks incidence rates and vaccination of the population was taken from the forms of federal statistical observation No. 2 and No. 5. Blood was sampled in 2019-2020 from randomly selected donors. Blood serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of IgG antibodies to the pathogens of the studied infections using commercial test systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results. In the Leningrad Oblast, in 2011-2020, there was a downward trend in the tick-bite incidence rate, as well as in the incidence rates of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks. The long-term average tick bite incidence rate was 369.0. The long-term average incidence rate of ixodic tick–borne borreliosis was 4.1; tick–borne encephalitis was 1.4; Q fever was 0.02. During the analyzed period, no cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis were reported. The seroprevalence to tick-borne encephalitis virus was 1.7%; to B. burgdorferi s. l. – 3.7%; to C. burnetii – 1.8%; to A. phagocytophilum – 1.0%; to E. chaffeensis/ E.muris – 3.2%.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the existence of active natural foci of infections transmitted by ixodes ticks, fairly frequent contact of the residents with these foci, and possible significant hypodiagnosis of these infections in the Leningrad Oblast.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-78-86
A. S. Kovalchuk, A. N. Kutsheriavenko, D. S. Sudakov
A clinical case of the course of malaria in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy who returned from the Republic of Ghana is described. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of the disease made it possible to avoid the death of a woman. However, the extremely severe course of infection and the complications of this disease that have arisen have led to intrauterine fetal death.
{"title":"The malaria in the second trimester of pregnancy (clinical case near miss)","authors":"A. S. Kovalchuk, A. N. Kutsheriavenko, D. S. Sudakov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-78-86","url":null,"abstract":"A clinical case of the course of malaria in a pregnant woman in the second trimester of pregnancy who returned from the Republic of Ghana is described. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of the disease made it possible to avoid the death of a woman. However, the extremely severe course of infection and the complications of this disease that have arisen have led to intrauterine fetal death.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-94-103
S. M. Kharit, Yu. E. Konstantinova, V. E. Karev, I. Karabak, A. I. Konev, K. K. Tikhomirova, M. E. Lozovskaja
Complications after the introduction of the tuberculosis vaccine develop extremely rarely. They become accidentally vaccinated infants with undiagnosed severe immunodeficiency. The article considers a clinical case of the course of disseminated BCG infection with multiple organ damage in congenital immunodeficiency in a 9-month-old boy. The disease manifested itself acutely, the child’s condition worsened within a week, and its outcome was the death of the baby. Primary immunodeficiency was confirmed by the results of a pathoanatomic examination. The discussion provides a classification of complications after the introduction of BCG vaccine, the algorithm of the doctor’s actions in case of a suspected complication after vaccination, and also describes the main signs of immunodeficiency.
{"title":"A clinical case of disseminated BCG infection with a fatal outcome","authors":"S. M. Kharit, Yu. E. Konstantinova, V. E. Karev, I. Karabak, A. I. Konev, K. K. Tikhomirova, M. E. Lozovskaja","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-94-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-94-103","url":null,"abstract":"Complications after the introduction of the tuberculosis vaccine develop extremely rarely. They become accidentally vaccinated infants with undiagnosed severe immunodeficiency. The article considers a clinical case of the course of disseminated BCG infection with multiple organ damage in congenital immunodeficiency in a 9-month-old boy. The disease manifested itself acutely, the child’s condition worsened within a week, and its outcome was the death of the baby. Primary immunodeficiency was confirmed by the results of a pathoanatomic examination. The discussion provides a classification of complications after the introduction of BCG vaccine, the algorithm of the doctor’s actions in case of a suspected complication after vaccination, and also describes the main signs of immunodeficiency.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"86 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-75-77
S. A. Matveev, V. Kokorin, F. A. Zainiddinov
A brief scientific biography of Professor V.G. Bochorishvili is presented, his contribution to the development of the science of infection and the role of the forerunner in the formation of the scientific concept of “infectology” is shown.
{"title":"Vakhtang Gavrilovich Bochorishvili – the founder of sepsisology as a system approach in the study of generalized infection (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)","authors":"S. A. Matveev, V. Kokorin, F. A. Zainiddinov","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-75-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-75-77","url":null,"abstract":"A brief scientific biography of Professor V.G. Bochorishvili is presented, his contribution to the development of the science of infection and the role of the forerunner in the formation of the scientific concept of “infectology” is shown.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-87-93
M. A. Savchenko, V. B. Musatov, D. A. Gusev, V. A. Cinzerling
A description of a clinical case of a severe, protracted course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a patient with advanced stage HIV infection, characterized by prolonged release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the formation of pulmonary fibrosis against the background of an active viral infection, is presented. COVID-19 infection occurred in an immunosuppressed patient without ART. During the period of inpatient treatment, a comprehensive examination was carried out to exclude HIV-associated lung lesions; no evidence of viral, fungal, or bacterial pathology was obtained; mycobacterial infections were also excluded. Despite two courses of antiviral therapy, the use of anti-Covid plasma and complex pathogenetic therapy, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed for eight months, with a steady progression of the disease, ending in death.
{"title":"Prolonged course of novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with the formation of pulmonary fibrosis in an HIV-infected patient","authors":"M. A. Savchenko, V. B. Musatov, D. A. Gusev, V. A. Cinzerling","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-87-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-87-93","url":null,"abstract":"A description of a clinical case of a severe, protracted course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a patient with advanced stage HIV infection, characterized by prolonged release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the formation of pulmonary fibrosis against the background of an active viral infection, is presented. COVID-19 infection occurred in an immunosuppressed patient without ART. During the period of inpatient treatment, a comprehensive examination was carried out to exclude HIV-associated lung lesions; no evidence of viral, fungal, or bacterial pathology was obtained; mycobacterial infections were also excluded. Despite two courses of antiviral therapy, the use of anti-Covid plasma and complex pathogenetic therapy, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed for eight months, with a steady progression of the disease, ending in death.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-56-61
M. E. Khodjaeva, A. Khikmatullaeva, N. S. Ibadullaeva, M. Abdukadirova, K. E. Novak, E. Esaulenko
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the relationship between the level of microRNA-122 expression and liver fibrosis during HDV infection.Materials and methods. The expression of microRNA-122 was determined in 203 blood samples. Blood sampling was done from 53 patients with chronic viral hepatitis D, 49 patients with liver cirrhosis of HDV etiology, and 69 patients with newly diagnosed HBs antigenemia. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=32).Results. In patients with negative RNA HDV levels, the level of microRNA-122 in the blood serum was significantly higher than in samples with positive RNA HDV levels (14.0±2.8 2^-ΔΔCt and 1.6±0.17 2^-ΔΔCt) (p ˂ 0.005). Meanwhile, in healthy individuals, the expression of microRNA-122 was statistically significantly lower – 1.3±0.03 2^-ΔΔCt (p ˂ 0.005). Undetectable levels of HDV RNA in the serum were accompanied by a high HBV viral load and a significantly higher level of microRNA-122, which was 8.7 times higher than in the group of HDV RNA-positive patients (p<0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4. Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.> ˂ 0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4.Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.
{"title":"MicroRNA-122: assessment of diagnostic significance in HDV infection","authors":"M. E. Khodjaeva, A. Khikmatullaeva, N. S. Ibadullaeva, M. Abdukadirova, K. E. Novak, E. Esaulenko","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-56-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-56-61","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the relationship between the level of microRNA-122 expression and liver fibrosis during HDV infection.Materials and methods. The expression of microRNA-122 was determined in 203 blood samples. Blood sampling was done from 53 patients with chronic viral hepatitis D, 49 patients with liver cirrhosis of HDV etiology, and 69 patients with newly diagnosed HBs antigenemia. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=32).Results. In patients with negative RNA HDV levels, the level of microRNA-122 in the blood serum was significantly higher than in samples with positive RNA HDV levels (14.0±2.8 2^-ΔΔCt and 1.6±0.17 2^-ΔΔCt) (p ˂ 0.005). Meanwhile, in healthy individuals, the expression of microRNA-122 was statistically significantly lower – 1.3±0.03 2^-ΔΔCt (p ˂ 0.005). Undetectable levels of HDV RNA in the serum were accompanied by a high HBV viral load and a significantly higher level of microRNA-122, which was 8.7 times higher than in the group of HDV RNA-positive patients (p<0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4. Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.> ˂ 0.005). In patients with liver fibrosis F1, the expression of microRNA-122 was higher than in patients with liver fibrosis F2, F3, F4 (p = 0.0001). The lowest levels of microRNA-122 were observed in liver fibrosis F4.Conclusion. The expression level of microRNA-122 in blood serum during HDV infection decreases as liver fibrosis progresses. The development of cirrhosis is accompanied by a 3.7-fold drop in the level of microRNA-122 compared to the group of patients with chronic hepatitis D. MicroRNA-122 can be used in laboratory monitoring of patients with various stages of HDV infection as an indicator of the activity of the process, assessing the severity of liver damage and the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-47-55
L. Ashchina, N. I. Baranova, A. Bolgova, O. A. Levashova, O. N. Lesina
Objective: to study polymorphic variants of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with COVID-19 depending on the severity of the disease and their significance for determining the risk of severe course of COVID-19.Materials and Methods: genetic analysis of polymorphism of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 genes (rs352140) was performed in 164 patients with COVID-19, who were divided by degree of severity into three groups: Group 1 with mild, Group 2 with moderate and Group 3 with severe and extremely severe degrees of severity. The control group consisted of 40 healthy donors. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using STATISTICA 12.0 programs (Stat Soft, USA). To assess the difference of groups by qualitative characteristics, the χ2 criterion with Yates correction was used, and in case of violation of its conditions, the χ2 criterion was applied. Yates correction, and if the conditions of its applicability were violated, the two-sided Fisher’s two-sided criterion (RF). The difference between the groups was considered statistically significant at р<0,05. The strength of associations was evaluated in the values of the odds ratio index odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.> ˂ 0,05. The strength of associations was evaluated in the values of the odds ratio index odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.Results: the frequency of the ST genotype was significantly higher and the frequency of the TT genotype of the rs3775291 allele of the TLR3 gene was significantly lower in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared with the control group. Frequency analysis of TLR9 (rs352140) in COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher values of the ST genotype and lower values of the CC genotype compared to healthy individuals. Comparative analysis between groups of hospitalized patients depending on severity revealed higher frequency of ST genotype and lower frequency of TT genotype of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with severe and extremely severe condition.Conclusion: reliable differences in the frequency of occurrence of genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared to healthy people were revealed. The analysis of nucleotide sequence variants of the studied genes in hospitalized patients depending on the degree of severity also showed significant differences in the frequency of genotypes. Thus, in patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19, a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of ST and TT genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes was revealed compared to patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, which may further have prognostic value in assessing the severity of the disease.
{"title":"Prognostic significance of TLR3 and TLR9 gene polymorphism in assessing the severity of COVID-19","authors":"L. Ashchina, N. I. Baranova, A. Bolgova, O. A. Levashova, O. N. Lesina","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-47-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-47-55","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study polymorphic variants of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with COVID-19 depending on the severity of the disease and their significance for determining the risk of severe course of COVID-19.Materials and Methods: genetic analysis of polymorphism of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 genes (rs352140) was performed in 164 patients with COVID-19, who were divided by degree of severity into three groups: Group 1 with mild, Group 2 with moderate and Group 3 with severe and extremely severe degrees of severity. The control group consisted of 40 healthy donors. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using STATISTICA 12.0 programs (Stat Soft, USA). To assess the difference of groups by qualitative characteristics, the χ2 criterion with Yates correction was used, and in case of violation of its conditions, the χ2 criterion was applied. Yates correction, and if the conditions of its applicability were violated, the two-sided Fisher’s two-sided criterion (RF). The difference between the groups was considered statistically significant at р<0,05. The strength of associations was evaluated in the values of the odds ratio index odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.> ˂ 0,05. The strength of associations was evaluated in the values of the odds ratio index odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval.Results: the frequency of the ST genotype was significantly higher and the frequency of the TT genotype of the rs3775291 allele of the TLR3 gene was significantly lower in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared with the control group. Frequency analysis of TLR9 (rs352140) in COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher values of the ST genotype and lower values of the CC genotype compared to healthy individuals. Comparative analysis between groups of hospitalized patients depending on severity revealed higher frequency of ST genotype and lower frequency of TT genotype of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with severe and extremely severe condition.Conclusion: reliable differences in the frequency of occurrence of genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes in patients with the manifest form of COVID-19 compared to healthy people were revealed. The analysis of nucleotide sequence variants of the studied genes in hospitalized patients depending on the degree of severity also showed significant differences in the frequency of genotypes. Thus, in patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19, a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of ST and TT genotypes of TLR3 (rs3775291) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes was revealed compared to patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, which may further have prognostic value in assessing the severity of the disease.","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-62-66
A. G. Zolotareva, S. S. Sleptsova, S. Sleptsov, T. E. Burtseva
The stable increase in morbidity and mortality of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from causes related to HIV infection indicates an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the region. Especially it affects industrial areas and large settlements of Yakutia. In the near future, an increase in the number of HIV-infected patients in the republic is expected, which is alarming. The HIV epidemiological situation is aggravated by the unequal distribution within the region with extremal environmental conditions and underdeveloped transport infrastructure. All this makes it much more difficult to provide medical care to this category of people, some of whom later move outside the territory of the Republic.Aim: Improvement of effective preventive measures and organization of medical care in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) based on the analysis of morbidity and mortality from HIV infection.Materials and methods: The materials of official statistics of the Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in RS(Ya) and data from official governmental medical reports (forms № 61 and № 4) were used in the work.Results: The number of HIV-infected people on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), including in the Arctic regions, is growing in recent years. Thus, from 1998 to 2022, 77 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Arctic regions, more than half of which (54.5%) were registered in the period from 2016 to 2022. The tendency of growth of the indigenous population affected by HIV infection, including in remote areas of the region, that dictates the need for mandatory HIV screening of all persons arriving for shift work both from neighboring countries and from other regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion: Preventive measures, HIV testing and organization of medical care are the basis for effective fight against this disease, especially in remote Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
{"title":"HIV-infection in the arctic zone of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia): status, challenges and prospects","authors":"A. G. Zolotareva, S. S. Sleptsova, S. Sleptsov, T. E. Burtseva","doi":"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-62-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-62-66","url":null,"abstract":"The stable increase in morbidity and mortality of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from causes related to HIV infection indicates an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the region. Especially it affects industrial areas and large settlements of Yakutia. In the near future, an increase in the number of HIV-infected patients in the republic is expected, which is alarming. The HIV epidemiological situation is aggravated by the unequal distribution within the region with extremal environmental conditions and underdeveloped transport infrastructure. All this makes it much more difficult to provide medical care to this category of people, some of whom later move outside the territory of the Republic.Aim: Improvement of effective preventive measures and organization of medical care in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) based on the analysis of morbidity and mortality from HIV infection.Materials and methods: The materials of official statistics of the Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in RS(Ya) and data from official governmental medical reports (forms № 61 and № 4) were used in the work.Results: The number of HIV-infected people on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), including in the Arctic regions, is growing in recent years. Thus, from 1998 to 2022, 77 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Arctic regions, more than half of which (54.5%) were registered in the period from 2016 to 2022. The tendency of growth of the indigenous population affected by HIV infection, including in remote areas of the region, that dictates the need for mandatory HIV screening of all persons arriving for shift work both from neighboring countries and from other regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion: Preventive measures, HIV testing and organization of medical care are the basis for effective fight against this disease, especially in remote Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).","PeriodicalId":226950,"journal":{"name":"Journal Infectology","volume":"8 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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