Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12209
Jhelum Devendrasinh Rajput, S. Singh
An annual floating-leaved aquatic plant, the water chestnut (Trapa natans L.), is found in temperate and tropical freshwater wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and estuaries. Hydrophytes that produce starch called water chestnut has the potential to serve as a reliable food supply, particularly in flood-prone wasteland areas. It is loaded with minerals and essential nutrients. Water chestnuts are not actually nuts, despite their name. They are aquatic tuber vegetables that may be found in shallow lakes, paddy fields, marshes, and ponds. Water chestnuts are indigenous to numerous islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as Southeast Asia, Southern China, Taiwan, Australia, and Africa. When the corm, or bulb, acquires a dark brown hue, they are picked. They are a typical ingredient in Asian recipes including stir-fries, chop suey, curries, and salads because of their crisp, white meat, which may be eaten raw or cooked. The huge, nourishing seed of the water chestnut, a native of Eurasia and Africa, has been widely collected since the Neolithic, and it is now grown for food throughout Asia. Water chestnuts have several advantages over other foods, including being particularly nutrient-dense and low in calories. A wonderful source of fibre, water chestnuts may aid in promoting bowel movements, lowering blood cholesterol, neuro-protective, controlling blood sugar levels, and maintaining the health of your gut. In addition, carbohydrates account for the majority of the calories in water chestnuts. Although they are abundant in fibre, potassium, manganese, copper, vitamin B6, and riboflavin, uncooked water chestnuts are 74% water, which means they are often low in calories. Due to its usage in the treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses, genitourinary system disorders, liver, kidney, and spleen disorders, Trapa natans is one of the most significant medicinal plants in Indian Ayurveda.
{"title":"Water Chestnut (Trapa natans L.): Functional characteristics, nutritional properties and applications in food industry: A review","authors":"Jhelum Devendrasinh Rajput, S. Singh","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12209","url":null,"abstract":"An annual floating-leaved aquatic plant, the water chestnut (Trapa natans L.), is found in temperate and tropical freshwater wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and estuaries. Hydrophytes that produce starch called water chestnut has the potential to serve as a reliable food supply, particularly in flood-prone wasteland areas. It is loaded with minerals and essential nutrients. Water chestnuts are not actually nuts, despite their name. They are aquatic tuber vegetables that may be found in shallow lakes, paddy fields, marshes, and ponds. Water chestnuts are indigenous to numerous islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as Southeast Asia, Southern China, Taiwan, Australia, and Africa. When the corm, or bulb, acquires a dark brown hue, they are picked. They are a typical ingredient in Asian recipes including stir-fries, chop suey, curries, and salads because of their crisp, white meat, which may be eaten raw or cooked. The huge, nourishing seed of the water chestnut, a native of Eurasia and Africa, has been widely collected since the Neolithic, and it is now grown for food throughout Asia. Water chestnuts have several advantages over other foods, including being particularly nutrient-dense and low in calories. A wonderful source of fibre, water chestnuts may aid in promoting bowel movements, lowering blood cholesterol, neuro-protective, controlling blood sugar levels, and maintaining the health of your gut. In addition, carbohydrates account for the majority of the calories in water chestnuts. Although they are abundant in fibre, potassium, manganese, copper, vitamin B6, and riboflavin, uncooked water chestnuts are 74% water, which means they are often low in calories. Due to its usage in the treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses, genitourinary system disorders, liver, kidney, and spleen disorders, Trapa natans is one of the most significant medicinal plants in Indian Ayurveda.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87122116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12202
Devu B. Nair, S. Sujith, SS Roshni, G. Sneha, Nisaath Begam, A. Nisha
Background: The use of phytochemicals as anticancer drugs has gained attention in scientific and industrial approaches. In this context, the present study was undertaken to determine the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract of Saraca asoca bark in the C127I cell line and its possible targets of action by in silico analysis. Method: Methanolic extract of S. asoca bark was assessed for its cytotoxicity in the C127I cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrations of 320, 160, 80, 40 20 and 10 µg/mL and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using Graph Pad Prism 5.0. The cells were seeded in 6 well plates at a concentration were treated for 24 hours with extract of S. asoca bark at IC50 concentration. The cells were trypsinised and subjected to Acridine orange - Ethidium bromide staining (AOEB) staining for morphological evaluation of apoptosis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was performed to identify the chemical nature of the extract. In silico analysis was done to assess the affinity of various phytochemicals in the extract towards Caspase and BCl2 proteins. Results: Dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was noticed when the cells were subjected to different concentrations of the extract and the IC50 value of S. asoca was found to be 16.55 µg/mL. AO/EB staining detected proliferating cells with green fluorescence in the control cells whereas the cells with S.asoca extract showed a dose-dependent shift from orange to red fluorescence indicating apoptosis in treated cells. Ellagic acid present in the extract was found to have a maximum affinity towards Bcl2 and Caspase proteins. Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that the methanolic extract of Saraca asoca was found to possess an antiproliferative effect.
背景:植物化学物质作为抗癌药物在科学和工业上的应用已经引起了广泛的关注。在此背景下，本研究通过硅分析确定了刺荆树皮甲醇提取物对C127I细胞株的抗增殖作用及其可能的作用靶点。方法:采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)- 2,5 -二苯基溴化四氮唑(MTT)法测定索索树皮甲醇提取物在浓度为320、160、80、40、20和10µg/mL时对C127I细胞株的细胞毒性，并采用Graph Pad Prism 5.0计算最大半数抑制浓度(IC50)。将细胞按一定浓度接种于6个孔板中，用IC50浓度的索索树皮提取物处理24小时。胰蛋白酶化细胞，用吖啶橙-溴化乙啶染色(AOEB)观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析方法对提取物进行化学性质鉴定。通过硅分析来评估提取物中各种植物化学物质对Caspase和BCl2蛋白的亲和力。结果:不同浓度的提取物对细胞活力均有剂量依赖性降低，其IC50值为16.55µg/mL。AO/EB染色在对照细胞中检测到增殖细胞的绿色荧光，而在使用索索加提取物的细胞中，荧光从橙色向红色呈剂量依赖性转变，表明处理细胞发生凋亡。发现鞣花酸对Bcl2和Caspase蛋白具有最大的亲和力。结论:从本研究中可以看出，菝葜甲醇提取物具有抗增殖作用。
{"title":"Antiproliferative Effect of Methanolic Extract of Saraca asoca bark and its Possible Targets of Action","authors":"Devu B. Nair, S. Sujith, SS Roshni, G. Sneha, Nisaath Begam, A. Nisha","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of phytochemicals as anticancer drugs has gained attention in scientific and industrial approaches. In this context, the present study was undertaken to determine the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract of Saraca asoca bark in the C127I cell line and its possible targets of action by in silico analysis. Method: Methanolic extract of S. asoca bark was assessed for its cytotoxicity in the C127I cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrations of 320, 160, 80, 40 20 and 10 µg/mL and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using Graph Pad Prism 5.0. The cells were seeded in 6 well plates at a concentration were treated for 24 hours with extract of S. asoca bark at IC50 concentration. The cells were trypsinised and subjected to Acridine orange - Ethidium bromide staining (AOEB) staining for morphological evaluation of apoptosis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was performed to identify the chemical nature of the extract. In silico analysis was done to assess the affinity of various phytochemicals in the extract towards Caspase and BCl2 proteins. Results: Dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was noticed when the cells were subjected to different concentrations of the extract and the IC50 value of S. asoca was found to be 16.55 µg/mL. AO/EB staining detected proliferating cells with green fluorescence in the control cells whereas the cells with S.asoca extract showed a dose-dependent shift from orange to red fluorescence indicating apoptosis in treated cells. Ellagic acid present in the extract was found to have a maximum affinity towards Bcl2 and Caspase proteins. Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that the methanolic extract of Saraca asoca was found to possess an antiproliferative effect.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87623601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12203
V. Ramakrishnan, P. Gokul, R. Hemalatha, AT Karthika, R. Raj, R. Shankar
The age old Ethnoveterinary Medicine has turned into a limelight recently in the treatment of livestock as it is cheaper, easily available, sustainable and environmentally acceptable with nil residues in animal tissues and offals. These pristine herbal medicines can be the better alternatives to conventional anthelmintics with a greater resistance problem. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of Tinospora cordifolia extract as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles as well as the effectiveness of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in inhibiting the hatching of strongyle nematode eggs in small ruminants. Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia leaves and stems was prepared and screened for phytochemical constituents. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the extract and characterized by using visual appearance, particle size and Zeta potential values. Egg hatch assay (EHA) was carried out according to the techniques and recommendations of the World Association for Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Dynamic light scattering and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were showed that the average particle size was 2.8nm. Zeta potential of synthesized silver nanoparticle was -18.4 mv. The egg hatch inhibition assay revealed a significant inhibition in a dose dependent manner, when compared with aqueous extracts of T. cordifolia. Thus, the present study warrants the potential anti- nematode activity of T. cordifolia however further studies are required to investigate the active principle responsible for the activity.
{"title":"In vitro anthelmintic activity of Tinospora cordifolia nanoparticles against strongyle nematode of small ruminants","authors":"V. Ramakrishnan, P. Gokul, R. Hemalatha, AT Karthika, R. Raj, R. Shankar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12203","url":null,"abstract":"The age old Ethnoveterinary Medicine has turned into a limelight recently in the treatment of livestock as it is cheaper, easily available, sustainable and environmentally acceptable with nil residues in animal tissues and offals. These pristine herbal medicines can be the better alternatives to conventional anthelmintics with a greater resistance problem. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of Tinospora cordifolia extract as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles as well as the effectiveness of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in inhibiting the hatching of strongyle nematode eggs in small ruminants. Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia leaves and stems was prepared and screened for phytochemical constituents. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the extract and characterized by using visual appearance, particle size and Zeta potential values. Egg hatch assay (EHA) was carried out according to the techniques and recommendations of the World Association for Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Dynamic light scattering and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were showed that the average particle size was 2.8nm. Zeta potential of synthesized silver nanoparticle was -18.4 mv. The egg hatch inhibition assay revealed a significant inhibition in a dose dependent manner, when compared with aqueous extracts of T. cordifolia. Thus, the present study warrants the potential anti- nematode activity of T. cordifolia however further studies are required to investigate the active principle responsible for the activity.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73142945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12204
S. Swathisri, T. Raja, V. Umabarathi, B. Muhilan, P. Ravikumar
The presence of higher levels of bilirubin in the blood is indicative of Jaundice. Unconjugated bilirubin is delivered to the liver via binding to albumin. This research aimed to find effective phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants that could help in mitigating Jaundice. IMPPAT and PubChem databases were used to determine the 3D structure of phytocompounds. SwissADME was used to test the Lipinski rule of five for all phytocompounds. The PDB database was used to retrieve the target protein's 3D structure. PyRx was used to conduct the docking experiments, and Discovery Studio 2021 was used to evaluate the results. According to the findings, the binding affinity of Cadabicine, Voruscharin, Triptotritepenic acid A, Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol and Sitogluside was -9.2, -8.9, -8.7, -8.4 and -8.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity tests were performed on the best-interacted phytocompounds, and the results revealed that the compounds were extremely safe. Hence, the present study concludes that Cadabicine from Crataeva nurvala, Voruscharin from Calotropis procera and Triptotriterpenic acid A from Abrus precatotius may have a potential effect in the treatment of Jaundice.
{"title":"Identification of Effective Phytocompounds from the Indian Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice using In silico Studies","authors":"S. Swathisri, T. Raja, V. Umabarathi, B. Muhilan, P. Ravikumar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12204","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of higher levels of bilirubin in the blood is indicative of Jaundice. Unconjugated bilirubin is delivered to the liver via binding to albumin. This research aimed to find effective phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants that could help in mitigating Jaundice. IMPPAT and PubChem databases were used to determine the 3D structure of phytocompounds. SwissADME was used to test the Lipinski rule of five for all phytocompounds. The PDB database was used to retrieve the target protein's 3D structure. PyRx was used to conduct the docking experiments, and Discovery Studio 2021 was used to evaluate the results. According to the findings, the binding affinity of Cadabicine, Voruscharin, Triptotritepenic acid A, Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol and Sitogluside was -9.2, -8.9, -8.7, -8.4 and -8.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity tests were performed on the best-interacted phytocompounds, and the results revealed that the compounds were extremely safe. Hence, the present study concludes that Cadabicine from Crataeva nurvala, Voruscharin from Calotropis procera and Triptotriterpenic acid A from Abrus precatotius may have a potential effect in the treatment of Jaundice.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89000017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12110
Sarankumar Chandran, V. Muthu, Tharshenee Umapathy, Sowmiya Jayakumar, Sindhuja Chokkalingam
Horticultural crops produce a wide range of useful goods for humans. There has been an increase in research focus on horticulture crop enhancement, particularly in terms of production and quality. The use of genome editing to enhance horticulture crops has seen a sharp rise in recent years due to the advancement and benefits of genome-editing technology. Here, we provide a brief overview of the various genome-editing techniques applied in horticulture research, with a particular emphasis on CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. We also provide an overview of recent developments in the use of genome editing to enhance horticulture crops. Breeding and the rapidly growing field of genome editing will significantly boost the quantity and quality of horticulture crops.
{"title":"CRISPR / Cas 9 assisted genome editing technology for the improvement of Horticultural crops","authors":"Sarankumar Chandran, V. Muthu, Tharshenee Umapathy, Sowmiya Jayakumar, Sindhuja Chokkalingam","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12110","url":null,"abstract":"Horticultural crops produce a wide range of useful goods for humans. There has been an increase in research focus on horticulture crop enhancement, particularly in terms of production and quality. The use of genome editing to enhance horticulture crops has seen a sharp rise in recent years due to the advancement and benefits of genome-editing technology. Here, we provide a brief overview of the various genome-editing techniques applied in horticulture research, with a particular emphasis on CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. We also provide an overview of recent developments in the use of genome editing to enhance horticulture crops. Breeding and the rapidly growing field of genome editing will significantly boost the quantity and quality of horticulture crops.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91000870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12207
Luwangshangbam James Singh, Dawan Arkini Challam, Bidyarani Devi Senjam
Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites which are commonly used in treating and preventing various diseases. Among different secondary metabolites, terpenoids play an important role as signaling compounds and growth regulators in plants. Besides these, terpenoids also have medicinal properties which are effectively used in treating common Central Nervous System disorders such as anti-Parkinson´s disease, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-malarial, anti-ulcer, hepaticidal, etc. Terpenoids were also known for their potential role in improving intelligence, memory-enhancing, and exerting antidepressant and antianxiety effects. The availability of medicinal plants in nature is an indication for combating various diseases since synthetic drugs have serious side effects that negatively affect the treatment outcome. Thus, the need to strengthen the research on reservoirs of phytochemicals that are present abundantly in medicinal plants is important for their identification, isolation, and characterization of particular drug-yielding compounds against several diseases. In this review, we have summarised the important potential of medicinal plants’ terpenoids and their effects on Central Nervous System disorders.
{"title":"Medicinal plants as a sources of terpenoids and their impact on Central Nervous System disorders: A review","authors":"Luwangshangbam James Singh, Dawan Arkini Challam, Bidyarani Devi Senjam","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12207","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites which are commonly used in treating and preventing various diseases. Among different secondary metabolites, terpenoids play an important role as signaling compounds and growth regulators in plants. Besides these, terpenoids also have medicinal properties which are effectively used in treating common Central Nervous System disorders such as anti-Parkinson´s disease, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-malarial, anti-ulcer, hepaticidal, etc. Terpenoids were also known for their potential role in improving intelligence, memory-enhancing, and exerting antidepressant and antianxiety effects. The availability of medicinal plants in nature is an indication for combating various diseases since synthetic drugs have serious side effects that negatively affect the treatment outcome. Thus, the need to strengthen the research on reservoirs of phytochemicals that are present abundantly in medicinal plants is important for their identification, isolation, and characterization of particular drug-yielding compounds against several diseases. In this review, we have summarised the important potential of medicinal plants’ terpenoids and their effects on Central Nervous System disorders.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85950493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12107
R. Ranjan, K. Kishore, Sheikh Tj, A. Jha, B. Ojha, Suman Kumar, Rinesh Kumar
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside and it is extensively present in numerous edible and medicinal plants. It is considered as important as other flavonoids. It possessed a variety of biological properties, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, neuron-protective, cardio-protective, hepatopancreatic protective effects. Other reported health relevant effects, includes fat reduction and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanism of protective effect through activation or inhibition of the different signaling pathways like AMPKa, Nrf-2, mTOR, PUMA, MMP, PARP, JNK, p38, Bcl-2/Bax ratio etc. The molecular targets of vitexin are very critical to utilize its potential effect as emerging chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
{"title":"Nutraceutical Potential of Vitexin: A Flavone Glycoside","authors":"R. Ranjan, K. Kishore, Sheikh Tj, A. Jha, B. Ojha, Suman Kumar, Rinesh Kumar","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12107","url":null,"abstract":"Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside and it is extensively present in numerous edible and medicinal plants. It is considered as important as other flavonoids. It possessed a variety of biological properties, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, neuron-protective, cardio-protective, hepatopancreatic protective effects. Other reported health relevant effects, includes fat reduction and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanism of protective effect through activation or inhibition of the different signaling pathways like AMPKa, Nrf-2, mTOR, PUMA, MMP, PARP, JNK, p38, Bcl-2/Bax ratio etc. The molecular targets of vitexin are very critical to utilize its potential effect as emerging chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90538740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12102
Marius Jaurès Tsakem Nangap, Roberto Fokou, Lucain Walbadet, Abel Narcisse Messi Betene, P. Owona, R. G. Kamkumo, F. N. Tsofack, T. Dimo
Introduction: In general medicine, male sexual dysfunction is a major source of worry and consultation. Finding alternative substances like plants to regulate these disturbances is motivated by the side effects of standard aphrodisiac medicines. In the current investigation, male rats were used to test the aphrodisiac effects of an aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper leaves. Methodology: Aphrodisiac effect of the extract was evaluated following a single daily administration of Hibiscus asper at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters such as mounting and intromission frequencies, mounting, intromission and ejaculatory latencies, sexual motivation were monitored on days 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the experiment, the grapping test was assessed, after which the animals were sacrificed and blood collected for the evaluation of cholesterol, fructose, proteins, acid phosphatase, testosterone, and other androgen-dependent enzymes. Some androgen-dependent organs, such as the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and levator ani muscle, were also removed for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: The administration of the aqueous extract of H. asper leaves had a significant impact on sexual behaviour, increasing mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculatory latency (EL), and reducing mounting latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). There was also an enhancement in orientational activities, libido, arousal and potency. Cholesterol, acid phosphatase, vesicular fructose, proteins, nitric oxide and testosterone levels were all significantly increased in treated animals. Conclusion: These findings support the traditional use of H. asper leaves to enhance male sexual behavior by demonstrating the aphrodisiac potential of these plants.
{"title":"Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper Hook. f. leaves (Malvaceae) in male Wistar rats","authors":"Marius Jaurès Tsakem Nangap, Roberto Fokou, Lucain Walbadet, Abel Narcisse Messi Betene, P. Owona, R. G. Kamkumo, F. N. Tsofack, T. Dimo","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12102","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In general medicine, male sexual dysfunction is a major source of worry and consultation. Finding alternative substances like plants to regulate these disturbances is motivated by the side effects of standard aphrodisiac medicines. In the current investigation, male rats were used to test the aphrodisiac effects of an aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper leaves. Methodology: Aphrodisiac effect of the extract was evaluated following a single daily administration of Hibiscus asper at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters such as mounting and intromission frequencies, mounting, intromission and ejaculatory latencies, sexual motivation were monitored on days 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the experiment, the grapping test was assessed, after which the animals were sacrificed and blood collected for the evaluation of cholesterol, fructose, proteins, acid phosphatase, testosterone, and other androgen-dependent enzymes. Some androgen-dependent organs, such as the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and levator ani muscle, were also removed for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: The administration of the aqueous extract of H. asper leaves had a significant impact on sexual behaviour, increasing mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculatory latency (EL), and reducing mounting latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). There was also an enhancement in orientational activities, libido, arousal and potency. Cholesterol, acid phosphatase, vesicular fructose, proteins, nitric oxide and testosterone levels were all significantly increased in treated animals. Conclusion: These findings support the traditional use of H. asper leaves to enhance male sexual behavior by demonstrating the aphrodisiac potential of these plants.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78567553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12103
Yvonne W Wabai, C. G. Githinji, J. Ngeranwa, J. Mwonjoria
Carissa spinarum (mũkawa in Kikuyu, lamuriak in Maasai) and Azadirachta indica (neem, mwarubaini in Kiswahili) are widely used in African communities. C. spinarum is used as food and as treatment for gonorrhoea, cancer, and abnormal pain in pregnancy. A. indica is used as a mosquito-repellent and as treatment for malaria and dental carries. Both plants have broad biological activities including anticancer, hypoglycaemic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, data on their safety for use during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to determine the teratogenic effects of C. spinarum and A. indica in mice. FDA guidelines for reproduction studies were used. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=5) for the assay. Plant extracts were prepared in the doses 100, 250, and 500mg/kg body weight. Phenytoin sodium 100mg/kg body weight was used as the positive control and distilled water was used as the negative control. Treatments were administered orally and began from gestation day 6 and ended on gestation day 15. On gestation day 18, the mice were weighed and euthanized and the pups were recovered. Weights of the gravid uteri, number of pups and their body measurements, and incidences of foetal resorption were also recorded. Data were expressed as means and their standard errors and analysed using one-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s post hoc test. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Heavy metal concentrations in the plant samples were determined using flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All doses of C. spinarum and A. indica caused significant (p<0.001) weight loss and foetal resorption in the gravid mice. Reduced head sizes (microcephaly) and elongated limbs were observed in the C. spinarum 100mg/kg and A. indica 500mg/kg groups. Premature birth and high birth weights were also observed in the latter group. The plant samples were found to have high concentrations of lead, cadmium, iron, chromium, manganese, and zinc and this may have added to the teratogenicity observed. C. spinarum and A. indica exhibited significant teratogenicity and should be used with caution during pregnancy. In addition, the level of heavy metal contamination in Kenya should be assessed.
{"title":"Teratogenic Effects of Carissa spinarum and Azadirachta indica Aqueous Extracts in Mice","authors":"Yvonne W Wabai, C. G. Githinji, J. Ngeranwa, J. Mwonjoria","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12103","url":null,"abstract":"Carissa spinarum (mũkawa in Kikuyu, lamuriak in Maasai) and Azadirachta indica (neem, mwarubaini in Kiswahili) are widely used in African communities. C. spinarum is used as food and as treatment for gonorrhoea, cancer, and abnormal pain in pregnancy. A. indica is used as a mosquito-repellent and as treatment for malaria and dental carries. Both plants have broad biological activities including anticancer, hypoglycaemic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, data on their safety for use during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to determine the teratogenic effects of C. spinarum and A. indica in mice. FDA guidelines for reproduction studies were used. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=5) for the assay. Plant extracts were prepared in the doses 100, 250, and 500mg/kg body weight. Phenytoin sodium 100mg/kg body weight was used as the positive control and distilled water was used as the negative control. Treatments were administered orally and began from gestation day 6 and ended on gestation day 15. On gestation day 18, the mice were weighed and euthanized and the pups were recovered. Weights of the gravid uteri, number of pups and their body measurements, and incidences of foetal resorption were also recorded. Data were expressed as means and their standard errors and analysed using one-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s post hoc test. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Heavy metal concentrations in the plant samples were determined using flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All doses of C. spinarum and A. indica caused significant (p<0.001) weight loss and foetal resorption in the gravid mice. Reduced head sizes (microcephaly) and elongated limbs were observed in the C. spinarum 100mg/kg and A. indica 500mg/kg groups. Premature birth and high birth weights were also observed in the latter group. The plant samples were found to have high concentrations of lead, cadmium, iron, chromium, manganese, and zinc and this may have added to the teratogenicity observed. C. spinarum and A. indica exhibited significant teratogenicity and should be used with caution during pregnancy. In addition, the level of heavy metal contamination in Kenya should be assessed.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74345587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12105
DK Obiero, J. Ombui, J. Mbaria, A. Yenesew, AS Onyuka, TN Kilee
Plectranthus barbatus Andr. grows in Kenya, sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, Brazil and Asia and is one of the most important species of the Lamiaceae family. The plant is widely mentioned in traditional medicine in Africa and Asia. Some of the compounds previously isolated from the plant include diterpenoids, phenolic acids and essential oils. The objective of the study was to evaluate and determine the presence of chemical compounds in Plectranthus barbatus Andr. leaves extract of tannin nature that can be beneficial ingredients in processing clean leather and at the same time reduce environmental pollution. The Plant’s leaves were collected from Nyamira County then dried and ground to desired mesh before extraction was done with water and 80 % methanol in water. The methanolic solid extract that was recovered after freeze drying was subjected to column chromatography. The pure fractions were analyzed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and compared to those previously analyzed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Some of the compounds isolated include phenolics e.g. Para-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Diterpenes. Water solid extract was used in pre-tanning and re-tanning applications followed by analysis of Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, pH and total chrome content of respective wastewaters. Tannery liquor from re-tanning and pre-tanning combinations with Plecranthus barbatus leaves extract showed reduced toxicity to the environment with pH of 7.97 and 2.96 respectively as compared to chrome tannage liquor that recorded a relatively more acidic pH of 2.30. Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and chrome content levels were 230.00 mg/l, 4520.00 mg/l and 9.69 ppm respectively for effluent from Plectranthus barbatus retannage against 320.10 mg/l, 2331.20 and 5.03 ppm respectively from pretannage of the same extract. Permissible limits for pH, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and total chrome in discharged tannery wastewater are 5.5 – 10.0, 125 mg/l – 1000 mg/l, 300 mg/l – 3000 mg/l, and 1.0 ppm – 10.0 ppm respectively. Pretanning with Plectranthus barbatus leaves extract during leather processing was more effective is reduction of tannery wastewater toxicity although, the use of pretanning and retanning in a single tannage might yield more promising results.
{"title":"Evaluation of chemical compounds in Plectranthus barbatus leaves extract for application in reduction of tannery wastewater toxicity","authors":"DK Obiero, J. Ombui, J. Mbaria, A. Yenesew, AS Onyuka, TN Kilee","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12105","url":null,"abstract":"Plectranthus barbatus Andr. grows in Kenya, sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, Brazil and Asia and is one of the most important species of the Lamiaceae family. The plant is widely mentioned in traditional medicine in Africa and Asia. Some of the compounds previously isolated from the plant include diterpenoids, phenolic acids and essential oils. The objective of the study was to evaluate and determine the presence of chemical compounds in Plectranthus barbatus Andr. leaves extract of tannin nature that can be beneficial ingredients in processing clean leather and at the same time reduce environmental pollution. The Plant’s leaves were collected from Nyamira County then dried and ground to desired mesh before extraction was done with water and 80 % methanol in water. The methanolic solid extract that was recovered after freeze drying was subjected to column chromatography. The pure fractions were analyzed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and compared to those previously analyzed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Some of the compounds isolated include phenolics e.g. Para-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Diterpenes. Water solid extract was used in pre-tanning and re-tanning applications followed by analysis of Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, pH and total chrome content of respective wastewaters. Tannery liquor from re-tanning and pre-tanning combinations with Plecranthus barbatus leaves extract showed reduced toxicity to the environment with pH of 7.97 and 2.96 respectively as compared to chrome tannage liquor that recorded a relatively more acidic pH of 2.30. Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and chrome content levels were 230.00 mg/l, 4520.00 mg/l and 9.69 ppm respectively for effluent from Plectranthus barbatus retannage against 320.10 mg/l, 2331.20 and 5.03 ppm respectively from pretannage of the same extract. Permissible limits for pH, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and total chrome in discharged tannery wastewater are 5.5 – 10.0, 125 mg/l – 1000 mg/l, 300 mg/l – 3000 mg/l, and 1.0 ppm – 10.0 ppm respectively. Pretanning with Plectranthus barbatus leaves extract during leather processing was more effective is reduction of tannery wastewater toxicity although, the use of pretanning and retanning in a single tannage might yield more promising results.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80423057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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