Ximenia americana commonly known as Sea Lemon is a plant of the Olacaceae family with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties. Ximenia americana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, etc. In this work, six groups of five mice were formed. The prevalence of clinical asthma is estimated at around 4.3% of the world's population, which is a real public health problem. Hence the aim of this work, which was to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves of X. americana on ovalbumin-induced asthma (OVA) in mice. The test animals received aqueous extract from Ximenia americana at doses 75 mg / kg, 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. In order to measure the intensity of bronchial inflammation, the inflammatory cell rate has been evaluated. The results obtained after analysis of the different biochemical parameters show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of the white blood cells in the positive lots, tests at 75 mg / kg, 150mg / kg, 300mg / kg compared to the negative light. In addition, a significant decrease in the average globular volume (MCV), blood platelets were recorded in these same animals (p < 0.01); (p < 0.001) respectively with respect to the negative group. The results also show that this allergen causes intense lipid peroxidation, as well as a significant reduction in the activity of different antioxidant systems (GSH, SOD and CAT). However, the pretreatment of Ximenia americana aqueous extract is effective, as to the significant reduction in the MDA rate (p < 0.001) and significant increase (p < 0.05) of the activity of CAT. The rebalance of the balance between oxidant and antioxidant during the plant administration, would probably be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the compounds contained in our extract.
{"title":"Effect of Ximenia americana (Olacaceae) leaves on ovalbumin induced asthma in mice","authors":"Atsang À Kiki Gisèle, Zramah Mathieu, Aboubakar Oumarou Bibi Farouck, Takvou Francis, Egre Finsia, DPD Dzeufiet","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12403","url":null,"abstract":"Ximenia americana commonly known as Sea Lemon is a plant of the Olacaceae family with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties. Ximenia americana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, etc. In this work, six groups of five mice were formed. The prevalence of clinical asthma is estimated at around 4.3% of the world's population, which is a real public health problem. Hence the aim of this work, which was to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves of X. americana on ovalbumin-induced asthma (OVA) in mice. The test animals received aqueous extract from Ximenia americana at doses 75 mg / kg, 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. In order to measure the intensity of bronchial inflammation, the inflammatory cell rate has been evaluated. The results obtained after analysis of the different biochemical parameters show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of the white blood cells in the positive lots, tests at 75 mg / kg, 150mg / kg, 300mg / kg compared to the negative light. In addition, a significant decrease in the average globular volume (MCV), blood platelets were recorded in these same animals (p < 0.01); (p < 0.001) respectively with respect to the negative group. The results also show that this allergen causes intense lipid peroxidation, as well as a significant reduction in the activity of different antioxidant systems (GSH, SOD and CAT). However, the pretreatment of Ximenia americana aqueous extract is effective, as to the significant reduction in the MDA rate (p < 0.001) and significant increase (p < 0.05) of the activity of CAT. The rebalance of the balance between oxidant and antioxidant during the plant administration, would probably be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the compounds contained in our extract.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12402
Daniel Wekesa, Fidelis Mambo, Erick Barasa, Kevin Soita, Abdiaziz Ali Gosar, Nicholas Kitungulu, Nathan Shaviya
Malaria is a potentially lethal illness that is transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes and is caused by a parasitic organism. Individuals who are pregnant, small children, and the elderly are considered to be especially susceptible to the condition. The presently accessible antimalarial medications are associated with adverse effects and substantial expenses, particularly in regions with little financial resources. Medicinal plants present a viable option owing to their reduced incidence of adverse effects, decreased financial burden, and convenient availability. Nevertheless, the existing body of research pertaining to the utilization of medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria is somewhat restricted. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antiplasmodial characteristics of various medicinal plants found in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya. In vitro studies were conducted using organic and aqueous extracts derived from the plants. The extracts were used to assess both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted to determine the safety and cytotoxicity of the plant extracts. The plant extracts obtained from dichloromethane exhibited the lowest yield, whereas the water extracts yielded the highest proportion. Plants belonging to the Leguminosae family, namely Senna didmobotrya and Senna occidentalis, exhibited the most substantial productivity when subjected to water and methanol solvents. Several plant extracts shown significant antiplasmodial action against both the chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite. A number of extracts had a moderate level of antiplasmodial action, but a small subset exhibited poor or negligible activity. Of the three examined extract types (water, methanol, and dichloromethane), it was shown that the methanol extracts exhibited the greatest prevalence of plants with significant antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain. The majority of the methanol extracts exhibited moderate action against both strains, although a minority shown low or no activity. The extracts of dichloromethane also exhibited a variety of antiplasmodial properties. In general, the study unveiled the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants found in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya, for the treatment of malaria. The efficacy of these plants in inhibiting the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite was demonstrated. The results of this study offer significant insights for stakeholders who are interested in investigating the potential of herbal remedies as an alternate strategy for the treatment of malaria.
{"title":"Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants in Western Kenya","authors":"Daniel Wekesa, Fidelis Mambo, Erick Barasa, Kevin Soita, Abdiaziz Ali Gosar, Nicholas Kitungulu, Nathan Shaviya","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12402","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a potentially lethal illness that is transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes and is caused by a parasitic organism. Individuals who are pregnant, small children, and the elderly are considered to be especially susceptible to the condition. The presently accessible antimalarial medications are associated with adverse effects and substantial expenses, particularly in regions with little financial resources. Medicinal plants present a viable option owing to their reduced incidence of adverse effects, decreased financial burden, and convenient availability. Nevertheless, the existing body of research pertaining to the utilization of medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria is somewhat restricted. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antiplasmodial characteristics of various medicinal plants found in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya. In vitro studies were conducted using organic and aqueous extracts derived from the plants. The extracts were used to assess both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted to determine the safety and cytotoxicity of the plant extracts. The plant extracts obtained from dichloromethane exhibited the lowest yield, whereas the water extracts yielded the highest proportion. Plants belonging to the Leguminosae family, namely Senna didmobotrya and Senna occidentalis, exhibited the most substantial productivity when subjected to water and methanol solvents. Several plant extracts shown significant antiplasmodial action against both the chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite. A number of extracts had a moderate level of antiplasmodial action, but a small subset exhibited poor or negligible activity. Of the three examined extract types (water, methanol, and dichloromethane), it was shown that the methanol extracts exhibited the greatest prevalence of plants with significant antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain. The majority of the methanol extracts exhibited moderate action against both strains, although a minority shown low or no activity. The extracts of dichloromethane also exhibited a variety of antiplasmodial properties. In general, the study unveiled the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants found in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya, for the treatment of malaria. The efficacy of these plants in inhibiting the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite was demonstrated. The results of this study offer significant insights for stakeholders who are interested in investigating the potential of herbal remedies as an alternate strategy for the treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12404
PV Divya, K Sukesh
This study is an attempt made to explore the indigenous knowledge of medicinal flora used to treat urinary tract infections in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The information was collected by intensively interviewing the indigenous people, experienced aged rural folks, traditional healers and herbal drug sellers of Kanyakumari district. A total of 29 medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were identified to be used as curative agents against urinary tract infections by dwellers of Kanyakumari district. The medicinal plants were arranged alphabetically based on its botanical name and other details such as local names in Tamil, family name, plant part used, method of preparation and route of administration were recorded. The indigenous knowledge obtained through this survey might aid the scientific community to investigate these plants for discovery of bioactive compounds that could serve as curative agents against urinary tract infections in future.
{"title":"An Ethnobotanical Survey on Medicinal Plants used to treat Urinary Tract Infections in Kanyakumari District","authors":"PV Divya, K Sukesh","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12404","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt made to explore the indigenous knowledge of medicinal flora used to treat urinary tract infections in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The information was collected by intensively interviewing the indigenous people, experienced aged rural folks, traditional healers and herbal drug sellers of Kanyakumari district. A total of 29 medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were identified to be used as curative agents against urinary tract infections by dwellers of Kanyakumari district. The medicinal plants were arranged alphabetically based on its botanical name and other details such as local names in Tamil, family name, plant part used, method of preparation and route of administration were recorded. The indigenous knowledge obtained through this survey might aid the scientific community to investigate these plants for discovery of bioactive compounds that could serve as curative agents against urinary tract infections in future.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"385 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135987820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12405
Domgue Noumsi Raoul, Tsakem Nangap Marius Jaures, Ipoumb Patrick Cyrille, Dongmo Foudji Annie, Ngapout Fifen Rodrigue, Tcheutchoua Yannick Carlos, Emmanuel Nnanga Nga
Anthocleista liebrechtsiana is a plant used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat sexual asthenia and male infertility. In order to evaluate the effects of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana hydroalcoholic extract leaves on ethanol-induced sperm disorders in rats, adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of five rats each. The experimental period lasted 75 days. It was divided into two phases: an oligospermia or azoospermia induction phase (21 days) during which all the animals were intoxicated with 40 ° ethanol at a dose of 6 g/kg except the normal control group, and the treatment phase which lasted 54 days. During the latter phase, the animals of the negative control group received ethanol and distilled water per os; those of test groups A and B received ethanol and hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of this period, the animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed. Reproductive organs and annex glands were removed and weighed; arteriovenous blood was collected in tubes for testosterone assay. Sperm count, motility, sperm vitality was determined, and histopathological analysis of the testis, epididymis and prostate was performed. The results of the study showed that treatment of rats with 40° ethanol has significantly reduced body weight, relative weight of reproductive organs and the annex glands, the number of spermatozoa, their mobility and vitality, and the level of testosterone compared to the normal group. The treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of Anthocleista liebrechtsiana significantly corrected the weight of the reproductive organs and annexed glands, and the number, mobility and vitality of spermatozoa. These results indicate the ability of the hydroalcoholic extract of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana to correct the deleterious effects of ethanol on sperm parameters. These results thereby justify the use of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana leaves in the management of male infertility in the traditional pharmacopoeia.
{"title":"Effects of the aqueous extract of Anthocleista liebrechtsiana leaves (Longamiceae) on ethanol-induced spermatic disorders in rats","authors":"Domgue Noumsi Raoul, Tsakem Nangap Marius Jaures, Ipoumb Patrick Cyrille, Dongmo Foudji Annie, Ngapout Fifen Rodrigue, Tcheutchoua Yannick Carlos, Emmanuel Nnanga Nga","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12405","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocleista liebrechtsiana is a plant used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat sexual asthenia and male infertility. In order to evaluate the effects of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana hydroalcoholic extract leaves on ethanol-induced sperm disorders in rats, adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of five rats each. The experimental period lasted 75 days. It was divided into two phases: an oligospermia or azoospermia induction phase (21 days) during which all the animals were intoxicated with 40 ° ethanol at a dose of 6 g/kg except the normal control group, and the treatment phase which lasted 54 days. During the latter phase, the animals of the negative control group received ethanol and distilled water per os; those of test groups A and B received ethanol and hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of this period, the animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed. Reproductive organs and annex glands were removed and weighed; arteriovenous blood was collected in tubes for testosterone assay. Sperm count, motility, sperm vitality was determined, and histopathological analysis of the testis, epididymis and prostate was performed. The results of the study showed that treatment of rats with 40° ethanol has significantly reduced body weight, relative weight of reproductive organs and the annex glands, the number of spermatozoa, their mobility and vitality, and the level of testosterone compared to the normal group. The treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of Anthocleista liebrechtsiana significantly corrected the weight of the reproductive organs and annexed glands, and the number, mobility and vitality of spermatozoa. These results indicate the ability of the hydroalcoholic extract of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana to correct the deleterious effects of ethanol on sperm parameters. These results thereby justify the use of Anthocleista. liebrechtsiana leaves in the management of male infertility in the traditional pharmacopoeia.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135987782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12401
Peter Maloba, Elias Mandela, Sammy Kimoloi, Jared Onyancha
Background: Fagaropsis hildebrandtii has been widely used in African traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, particularly those associated with inflammation, pain and oxidative stress. However, experimental data on the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant of the different parts of F. hildebrandtii is still limited. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of F. hildebrandtii from Makueni County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The stem bark of F. hildebrandtii was extracted by maceration using water and methanol. Standard qualitative methods were then used to determine the presence or absence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride calorimetric methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of increasing water and methanol extracts doses (2-250mg/Kg) were tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing animal models, respectively in comparison with dexamethasone and aspirin as standard. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were assayed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, with ascorbic acid as the standard. Data analysis was conducted by two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. Statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and coumarin were detected in the extracts. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinones were absent in both water and methanolic extracts. Notably, methanol extract had a high total phenolic level compared to water extract (34.590 ± 2.490 mgGAE/g vs. 7.893 ± 1.619 mgGAE/g; p<0.05). Total flavonoid content of F. hildebrandtii methanol extract was also higher in comparison to water extract (132.18 ± 0.26 mgCE/g vs. 42.68 ± 0.93mgCE/g; p<0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts had a radical scavenging activity IC50 of 0.98 µg/ml and 0.987 µg/ml respectively, which was significantly lower than 5.674 µg/ml for ascorbic acid, indicating a higher antioxidant potency. The percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema by F. hildebrandtii extracts was not significantly different in comparison with 10 mg/Kg of dexamethsone standard over a 5-hour test period (p>0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, reaching a maximum of 53.1 ± 6.1% and 80.24 ± 12.59%, respectively, at 250 mg/Kg. Notably, the percentage inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing by 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of F. hildebrandtii methanolic extract was similar to that of aspirin standard at 150 mg/kg (77.75 ± 19.64% vs. 80.24 ± 12.59% vs. 84.99 ± 3.26%, p>0.05, two-way ANOVA). Conclusion: F. hildebrandtii has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activitie
背景:Fagaropsis hildebrandtii在非洲传统医学中被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，特别是与炎症、疼痛和氧化应激有关的疾病。然而，关于黄芪不同部位的抗炎、抗伤害和抗氧化作用的实验数据仍然有限。目的:测定产自肯尼亚Makueni县的hildebrandtii茎皮提取物的植物化学成分、抗炎、抗伤和抗氧化活性。材料与方法:采用水浸法和甲醇浸渍法提取大黄茎皮。然后使用标准的定性方法来确定提取物中各种植物化学物质的存在与否。用福林- ciocalteu法和氯化铝量热法分别测定总酚和类黄酮含量。采用角叉菜胶致足跖水肿动物模型和醋酸致足跖扭体动物模型，分别以地塞米松和阿司匹林为对照，观察增加水提取物和甲醇提取物剂量(2 ~ 250mg/Kg)的抗炎和抗伤害活性。以抗坏血酸为标准，采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦酰肼(DPPH)法测定植物提取物的抗氧化活性。数据分析采用双向方差分析和适当的事后检验。p≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:提取液中检出酚类、黄酮类、生物碱类、皂苷类、单宁类、萜类、香豆素类。而水和甲醇提取物均不含花青素和蒽醌类。值得注意的是，甲醇提取物的总酚含量高于水提取物(34.590±2.490 mgGAE/g vs. 7.893±1.619 mgGAE/g);术中,0.05)。甲醇提取物总黄酮含量也高于水提取物(132.18±0.26 mgCE/g vs. 42.68±0.93mgCE/g);术中,0.05)。水提物和甲醇提物对自由基的清除活性IC50分别为0.98µg/ml和0.987µg/ml，显著低于抗坏血酸的清除活性5.674µg/ml，具有较高的抗氧化能力。与10 mg/Kg地塞米松标准品相比，鹿角菜提取物对卡拉胶诱导的后足水肿的抑制率在5小时内无显著差异(p>0.05)。水提物和甲醇提物对小鼠醋酸致扭体的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性，在250 mg/Kg时最大，分别为53.1±6.1%和80.24±12.59%。值得注意的是，50 mg/kg和250 mg/kg的牛蒡醇提物对醋酸致扭体的抑制百分比与150mg /kg的阿司匹林标准物相似(77.75±19.64% vs. 80.24±12.59% vs. 84.99±3.26%，p>0.05，双向方差分析)。结论:黄芪具有抗炎、抗炎、抗氧化作用。这些发现证实了在肯尼亚少数民族中使用F. hildebrandtii粗提取物来治疗与炎症、疼痛和氧化应激相关的疾病。
{"title":"Antiinflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (Engl.) Milne-Redh. (Rutaceae)","authors":"Peter Maloba, Elias Mandela, Sammy Kimoloi, Jared Onyancha","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12401","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fagaropsis hildebrandtii has been widely used in African traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, particularly those associated with inflammation, pain and oxidative stress. However, experimental data on the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant of the different parts of F. hildebrandtii is still limited. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of F. hildebrandtii from Makueni County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The stem bark of F. hildebrandtii was extracted by maceration using water and methanol. Standard qualitative methods were then used to determine the presence or absence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride calorimetric methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of increasing water and methanol extracts doses (2-250mg/Kg) were tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing animal models, respectively in comparison with dexamethasone and aspirin as standard. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were assayed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, with ascorbic acid as the standard. Data analysis was conducted by two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. Statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and coumarin were detected in the extracts. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinones were absent in both water and methanolic extracts. Notably, methanol extract had a high total phenolic level compared to water extract (34.590 ± 2.490 mgGAE/g vs. 7.893 ± 1.619 mgGAE/g; p<0.05). Total flavonoid content of F. hildebrandtii methanol extract was also higher in comparison to water extract (132.18 ± 0.26 mgCE/g vs. 42.68 ± 0.93mgCE/g; p<0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts had a radical scavenging activity IC50 of 0.98 µg/ml and 0.987 µg/ml respectively, which was significantly lower than 5.674 µg/ml for ascorbic acid, indicating a higher antioxidant potency. The percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema by F. hildebrandtii extracts was not significantly different in comparison with 10 mg/Kg of dexamethsone standard over a 5-hour test period (p>0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, reaching a maximum of 53.1 ± 6.1% and 80.24 ± 12.59%, respectively, at 250 mg/Kg. Notably, the percentage inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing by 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of F. hildebrandtii methanolic extract was similar to that of aspirin standard at 150 mg/kg (77.75 ± 19.64% vs. 80.24 ± 12.59% vs. 84.99 ± 3.26%, p>0.05, two-way ANOVA). Conclusion: F. hildebrandtii has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activitie","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135987821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12409
TA Amrutha, AK Beena
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are long-chain polysaccharides that are synthesized and secreted by microorganisms into the external matrix. In bacteria, EPS can either be associated with the cell surface in the form of capsules or be secreted into the environment. The yield of EPS is influenced by various factors, including the growth conditions and composition of the growth media. EPSs are high molecular-weight carbohydrates that consist of a backbone of repeated subunits of monosaccharides in varying ratios. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in EPS-producing microbes with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. These food-grade organisms have the potential to produce polymers that can control the rheological and functional properties of food systems. EPSs have also been reported to have prebiotic and immune-modulating functions like anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, etc. The increasing recognition of the association between EPS and health benefits suggests the potential of EPS-producing starters with functional characteristics in the production of value-added functional products. Such products align with consumer demand for natural and healthy alternatives with fewer additives. The exploration of functional means of EPS in Pharmacology will provide an opportunity to identify novel and robust microbial resources producing unique EPSs.
{"title":"Microbial Exopolysaccharides: A Promising Health Booster","authors":"TA Amrutha, AK Beena","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12409","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are long-chain polysaccharides that are synthesized and secreted by microorganisms into the external matrix. In bacteria, EPS can either be associated with the cell surface in the form of capsules or be secreted into the environment. The yield of EPS is influenced by various factors, including the growth conditions and composition of the growth media. EPSs are high molecular-weight carbohydrates that consist of a backbone of repeated subunits of monosaccharides in varying ratios. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in EPS-producing microbes with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. These food-grade organisms have the potential to produce polymers that can control the rheological and functional properties of food systems. EPSs have also been reported to have prebiotic and immune-modulating functions like anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, etc. The increasing recognition of the association between EPS and health benefits suggests the potential of EPS-producing starters with functional characteristics in the production of value-added functional products. Such products align with consumer demand for natural and healthy alternatives with fewer additives. The exploration of functional means of EPS in Pharmacology will provide an opportunity to identify novel and robust microbial resources producing unique EPSs.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135782841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12410
Rawal Pinkey, C Ramesh, BA Sowmya, CJ Ranjitha
Objectives: The present study was performed to determine hypolipidemic potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in wistar rats. Methods: Defatted powdered drug of ariel parts of Tephrosia villosa was subjected to methanol extraction using soxhlet extractor. The high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rat model was used for the present investigation in which all experimental rats were ingested with high fat diet (HFD) for entire period of study and were also administered with methanol extract for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 21st after one hour of administration of the drugs and serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and IDL) was estimated. All animals were sacrificed after the blood sampling and liver samples were collected. Results: The rats of therapeutic groups ingested with extract of Tephrosia villosa and standard drug atorvastatin have shown significant reduction in serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL indicating its ability to attenuate the effects of high fat diet. Conclusion: The methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa shown significant hypolipidemic effects against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia wistar rats by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in liver.
{"title":"Determination of lipid lowering properties of methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in wistar rats","authors":"Rawal Pinkey, C Ramesh, BA Sowmya, CJ Ranjitha","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12410","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present study was performed to determine hypolipidemic potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in wistar rats. Methods: Defatted powdered drug of ariel parts of Tephrosia villosa was subjected to methanol extraction using soxhlet extractor. The high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rat model was used for the present investigation in which all experimental rats were ingested with high fat diet (HFD) for entire period of study and were also administered with methanol extract for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 21st after one hour of administration of the drugs and serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and IDL) was estimated. All animals were sacrificed after the blood sampling and liver samples were collected. Results: The rats of therapeutic groups ingested with extract of Tephrosia villosa and standard drug atorvastatin have shown significant reduction in serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL indicating its ability to attenuate the effects of high fat diet. Conclusion: The methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa shown significant hypolipidemic effects against high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia wistar rats by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in liver.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12408
A Geetha, Bharatha Jothi P, Sushil Kumar PN, G Kiruthiga
Siddha System of Medicine is one of the folklore medicines practised by people in South India since several years about 12000 yrs back. Ancient people were aware of knowledge in herbs and its uses. They were also handled several such pandemic conditions on that period itself by Notification, Isolation and used some concoction one such medicine is Kabhasura Kudineer (KSK). It is the Siddha formulation contain 15 ingredients mainly prescribed by Siddha Physicians against Viral Diseases like COVID-19 etc., Covid 19 disease is caused by the virus SARS-COVID virus which is come under CORONA Virus. It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. This virus is highly contagious through nasal and oral secretions caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, which threatens human health and public safety. Several crores were affected and several deaths were recorded for the past 2 years. KSK prescribed for COVID-19 diseases in South India because of the ingredients contain Anti –inflammatory, Anti pyretic and Anti – viral activity. This article ensures the chemical constituents of the KSK ingredients and its actions. Furthermore, preclinical study required for confirmation of the action of the KSK.
{"title":"Kabhasura Kudineer and its ingredients against COVID -19","authors":"A Geetha, Bharatha Jothi P, Sushil Kumar PN, G Kiruthiga","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12408","url":null,"abstract":"Siddha System of Medicine is one of the folklore medicines practised by people in South India since several years about 12000 yrs back. Ancient people were aware of knowledge in herbs and its uses. They were also handled several such pandemic conditions on that period itself by Notification, Isolation and used some concoction one such medicine is Kabhasura Kudineer (KSK). It is the Siddha formulation contain 15 ingredients mainly prescribed by Siddha Physicians against Viral Diseases like COVID-19 etc., Covid 19 disease is caused by the virus SARS-COVID virus which is come under CORONA Virus. It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. This virus is highly contagious through nasal and oral secretions caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, which threatens human health and public safety. Several crores were affected and several deaths were recorded for the past 2 years. KSK prescribed for COVID-19 diseases in South India because of the ingredients contain Anti –inflammatory, Anti pyretic and Anti – viral activity. This article ensures the chemical constituents of the KSK ingredients and its actions. Furthermore, preclinical study required for confirmation of the action of the KSK.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The RAS/RAF and PI3K/AKT pathways play a crucial regulatory role and oncogenic mutation of key proteins in these pathways leads to cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Melanoma is triggered by NRAS and BRAF V600E mutation which causes constitutive activation of the PI3K kinase and BRAF kinase respectively, further leading to oncogenic activation of the AKT kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Core regulatory network behind MAPK and AKT cascades interconnect and form feedback loops. This crosstalk between the two pathways plays a vital role in melanoma kinase inhibitor resistance. Nuciferine is found in the plants Nelumbo Nucifera and Nymphaea Caerulea. Nuciferine is the main aporphine alkaloid produced in Nelumbo nucifera. Nuciferine have the best efficiency to remove oxygen free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. Nuciferine have potent ROS scavenging activity. Nuciferine provokes anti-inflammation, anti-psychotic drug, anti-cancer treatment, and anti-obesity diseases. This in silico analysis results reinforces nuciferine has an effective kinase inhibitor with a potential advantage of evading resistance in melanoma by dual targeting. The residues of the substrate binding pockets were identified using literature search. Molecular docking studies was carried out using AutoDock. Docking studies indicated nuciferine and vemurafenib (reference standard) showed better binding affinity for kinase pockets of Braf V600E, MEK, ERK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and c-KIT. -7.00Kcal/mol is considered as the cut-off energy for inhibition analysis. Hydrophobic interactions were computed using Biovia. Biovia was used for the graphical representation of protein ligand binding.
{"title":"In silico kinase inhibition profiling of BRAF and AKT Signaling in Melanoma Cells with Nuciferine","authors":"Veerabhuvaneshwari Veerichetty, Iswaryalakshmi Saravanabavan, Abiraamasundari Ramapalaniappan","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12303","url":null,"abstract":"The RAS/RAF and PI3K/AKT pathways play a crucial regulatory role and oncogenic mutation of key proteins in these pathways leads to cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Melanoma is triggered by NRAS and BRAF V600E mutation which causes constitutive activation of the PI3K kinase and BRAF kinase respectively, further leading to oncogenic activation of the AKT kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Core regulatory network behind MAPK and AKT cascades interconnect and form feedback loops. This crosstalk between the two pathways plays a vital role in melanoma kinase inhibitor resistance. Nuciferine is found in the plants Nelumbo Nucifera and Nymphaea Caerulea. Nuciferine is the main aporphine alkaloid produced in Nelumbo nucifera. Nuciferine have the best efficiency to remove oxygen free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. Nuciferine have potent ROS scavenging activity. Nuciferine provokes anti-inflammation, anti-psychotic drug, anti-cancer treatment, and anti-obesity diseases. This in silico analysis results reinforces nuciferine has an effective kinase inhibitor with a potential advantage of evading resistance in melanoma by dual targeting. The residues of the substrate binding pockets were identified using literature search. Molecular docking studies was carried out using AutoDock. Docking studies indicated nuciferine and vemurafenib (reference standard) showed better binding affinity for kinase pockets of Braf V600E, MEK, ERK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and c-KIT. -7.00Kcal/mol is considered as the cut-off energy for inhibition analysis. Hydrophobic interactions were computed using Biovia. Biovia was used for the graphical representation of protein ligand binding.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77969165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12309
Acharya Balkrishnan, Muskan Chauhan, Deepika Srivastava, P. Kaushik, V. Arya
As an ancient medicinal plant, Gossypium barbadense has been used for medicinal, textile and edible purposes since ancient times to benefit humans. This plant belongs to the Malvaceae family originated from Mexico and Peru, and is commonly called ‘Cotton’. Different parts of G. barbadense are used to treat colds, diarrhea, gout, and skin diseases, as well as ear, respiratory, reproductive and neurological problems in Africa, Brazil, and India. From roots and seeds, gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, and 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol have been isolated, along with these phytochemicals some other compounds, such as triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, are known to be present in leaves. The extracts and essential oil of this plant displayed anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-ulcer activity. The seed oil of this plant is known among all unsaturated edible oils as 'Heart oil' due to its beneficial effects on the heart. The fiber is the longest with excellent quality, used by industries such as clothes and textiles like archival paper, tents, coffee filters, book binding and fishnets. The aim of this study is to validate the limited available data on this multidimensional plant, its phytoconstituents, and pharmacological aspects, and to stress the need of further research to identify new plant-based medicines and other products for full financial and environmental benefits.
{"title":"A Review on Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Aspects of Gossypium barbadense L. (Cotton)- A Multidimensional Plant","authors":"Acharya Balkrishnan, Muskan Chauhan, Deepika Srivastava, P. Kaushik, V. Arya","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12309","url":null,"abstract":"As an ancient medicinal plant, Gossypium barbadense has been used for medicinal, textile and edible purposes since ancient times to benefit humans. This plant belongs to the Malvaceae family originated from Mexico and Peru, and is commonly called ‘Cotton’. Different parts of G. barbadense are used to treat colds, diarrhea, gout, and skin diseases, as well as ear, respiratory, reproductive and neurological problems in Africa, Brazil, and India. From roots and seeds, gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, and 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol have been isolated, along with these phytochemicals some other compounds, such as triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, are known to be present in leaves. The extracts and essential oil of this plant displayed anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-ulcer activity. The seed oil of this plant is known among all unsaturated edible oils as 'Heart oil' due to its beneficial effects on the heart. The fiber is the longest with excellent quality, used by industries such as clothes and textiles like archival paper, tents, coffee filters, book binding and fishnets. The aim of this study is to validate the limited available data on this multidimensional plant, its phytoconstituents, and pharmacological aspects, and to stress the need of further research to identify new plant-based medicines and other products for full financial and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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