Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12108
Pavan M Patel, C. Modi, H. Patel, U. Patel, Divya M. Ramchandani, H. Patel, Bhulesh V. Paida
Because conventional medicine has a number of adverse side effects on the human body after continuous usage, there has been a new tendency to return to "nature" for the treatment of body disorders. Though their oral bioavailability is poor, flavonoids and other phytoactive components have a variety of nutritional, therapeutic, and preservation effects. Phytosomes are a revolutionary formulation method that addresses the issue of polar phytoconstituents' poor bioavailability while also delivering medications to targeted locations. Other advantages include reduced adverse effects, reduced dosage, improved absorption, and increased drug efficacy. To deliver the medicine to a specific site of action, novel drug delivery uses unique drug carriers such as solid-lipid nanoparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, lipid vesicles, liposomes, phytosomes, and ethosomes. The physicochemical and pharmacological features of phytosomes, as well as their structure, are discussed in this article. The mechanism of phytosome production is also examined, as well as a variety of traditional and novel formulation approaches were also studied. The methods used to characterise and assess phytosomes provide insight into a number of methodologies that can be utilised to screen certain phytosome features. The pharmacological potential of phytosomes is compared to that of conventional and liposomal drug delivery systems. The scientific significance of a list of important phytosomes patented technologies of various commercially available herbal extracts is also examined.
{"title":"Phytosome: An Emerging Technique for Improving Herbal Drug Delivery","authors":"Pavan M Patel, C. Modi, H. Patel, U. Patel, Divya M. Ramchandani, H. Patel, Bhulesh V. Paida","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12108","url":null,"abstract":"Because conventional medicine has a number of adverse side effects on the human body after continuous usage, there has been a new tendency to return to \"nature\" for the treatment of body disorders. Though their oral bioavailability is poor, flavonoids and other phytoactive components have a variety of nutritional, therapeutic, and preservation effects. Phytosomes are a revolutionary formulation method that addresses the issue of polar phytoconstituents' poor bioavailability while also delivering medications to targeted locations. Other advantages include reduced adverse effects, reduced dosage, improved absorption, and increased drug efficacy. To deliver the medicine to a specific site of action, novel drug delivery uses unique drug carriers such as solid-lipid nanoparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, lipid vesicles, liposomes, phytosomes, and ethosomes. The physicochemical and pharmacological features of phytosomes, as well as their structure, are discussed in this article. The mechanism of phytosome production is also examined, as well as a variety of traditional and novel formulation approaches were also studied. The methods used to characterise and assess phytosomes provide insight into a number of methodologies that can be utilised to screen certain phytosome features. The pharmacological potential of phytosomes is compared to that of conventional and liposomal drug delivery systems. The scientific significance of a list of important phytosomes patented technologies of various commercially available herbal extracts is also examined.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76747446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12101
G. J. Beppe, B. P. Barga, Donatien Albert Atsamo, Christ-Roi Fedaski, A. I. Folefack, N. G. Allah-Doum, Franklin Gamo Zemo, A. Dongmo
Background: Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon for the treatment of madness and migraine. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the memory-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the hydroethanolic leaves extract of PR in the monosodium glutamate-induced Alzheimer's disease model. Materials and Methods: The Y-maze, Radial-arm maze and Novel object recognition tests were used to assess short, and long-term memory. At the end of the experiments, the brains of mice were scavenged for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: It was observed that the hydroalcoholic extract of PR leaf significantly reversed the percentage of spontaneous alternation compared to the negative control group at the different doses tested (p<0.01; p<0.001) in the Y-maze test. In the radial arm maze test, the extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced the time spent consuming the bait, the number of reference memory and working memory errors at all doses. The treatment of animals with hydroethanolic extract of PR resulted in a significant increase in the discrimination index (p<0.001) in the unfamiliar object recognition test. In addition, the extract significantly (p < 0.01); p < 0.001) decreased acetylcholinesterase activity,and MDA levels at all tested doses; and significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) increased SOD level and Catalase activity in comparison to the negative control group. The histological analysis showed that the extract of Piliostigma reticulatum protected the different structures of the hippocampus against damage caused by monosodium glutamate. Conclusion : The memoryenhancing induced by the hydroethanolic leaves extract of Piliostigma reticulatum could be due to his antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties. These effects could justify the use of this plant to manage nervous system affections.
{"title":"Memory-Enhancing and Antioxidant Activities of the Hydroethanolic Leave Extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae) in the Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model","authors":"G. J. Beppe, B. P. Barga, Donatien Albert Atsamo, Christ-Roi Fedaski, A. I. Folefack, N. G. Allah-Doum, Franklin Gamo Zemo, A. Dongmo","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon for the treatment of madness and migraine. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the memory-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the hydroethanolic leaves extract of PR in the monosodium glutamate-induced Alzheimer's disease model. Materials and Methods: The Y-maze, Radial-arm maze and Novel object recognition tests were used to assess short, and long-term memory. At the end of the experiments, the brains of mice were scavenged for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: It was observed that the hydroalcoholic extract of PR leaf significantly reversed the percentage of spontaneous alternation compared to the negative control group at the different doses tested (p<0.01; p<0.001) in the Y-maze test. In the radial arm maze test, the extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced the time spent consuming the bait, the number of reference memory and working memory errors at all doses. The treatment of animals with hydroethanolic extract of PR resulted in a significant increase in the discrimination index (p<0.001) in the unfamiliar object recognition test. In addition, the extract significantly (p < 0.01); p < 0.001) decreased acetylcholinesterase activity,and MDA levels at all tested doses; and significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) increased SOD level and Catalase activity in comparison to the negative control group. The histological analysis showed that the extract of Piliostigma reticulatum protected the different structures of the hippocampus against damage caused by monosodium glutamate. Conclusion : The memoryenhancing induced by the hydroethanolic leaves extract of Piliostigma reticulatum could be due to his antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties. These effects could justify the use of this plant to manage nervous system affections.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75923162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12104
Masese Johnson, Kipkoech Gilbert, Kimoloi Sammy, M. Peter, Nguka Gordon, M. Charles
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main Aspergillums species that form aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. This study aimed to assess Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) extract inhibitory effect against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immunotoxicity in male Swiss albino mice. Twenty-five inbred weaned mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group I (Control group), were given routine diet. Treatments administered were: Group II (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day), Group III (AFB1 200 µg/kg/day), Group IV (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) and Group V (S. platensis extract 200 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. Blood was aseptically collected and centrifuged to obtain serum. Quantitative determination of IgG, IgM and IgA in blood serum was done using ELIZA kits. One-way ANOVA data analysis was done. Post-hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Differenced (HSD). P<0.05 statistical significance level was considered significant. Compared to group I (control), treatment with AFB1 200 µg/Kg/day (group III) led to reduced IgA (0.7147±0.001 vs. 0.7075±0.010); reduced IgM (0.0916±0.003 vs. 0.0866±0.019) and elevated IgG (0.1746±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243) mean levels. Supplementation of S. platensis extract 200 mg/Kg/day (group V) reversed the AFB1 (200 µg/kg/day)-induced depression of IgA levels (0.7124±0.005 vs. 0.7075±0.010; P=0.05437); IgM (0.1005±0.004 vs. 0.0866±0.019; P=0.0178); as well as the induced elevation of IgG levels (0.1749±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243; P=0.0155). In conclusion, immune changes in IgG and IgM caused by AFB1 could be reversed by supplementation of S. platensis extract.
黄曲霉和寄生曲霉是产生黄曲霉毒素的主要曲霉种。黄曲霉毒素具有肝毒性、致畸性、致癌性和免疫抑制作用。本研究旨在探讨螺旋藻(S. platensis)提取物对雄性瑞士白化小鼠黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)免疫毒性的抑制作用。25只近交系断奶小鼠随机分为5组。第一组(对照组)，给予常规饮食。给药组为:II组(梧桐提取物100 mg/kg/天)、III组(AFB1 200µg/kg/天)、IV组(梧桐提取物100 mg/kg/天、AFB1 200µg/kg/天)、V组(梧桐提取物200 mg/kg/天、AFB1 200µg/kg/天)，连续28天。无菌采集血液，离心提取血清。采用elisa试剂盒定量测定血清中IgG、IgM、IgA的含量。对数据进行单因素方差分析。事后分析采用Tukey 's honest significant difference (HSD)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义水平。与I组(对照组)相比，AFB1 200µg/Kg/天(III组)导致IgA减少(0.7147±0.001 vs. 0.7075±0.010);IgM平均水平降低(0.0916±0.003比0.0866±0.019)，IgG平均水平升高(0.1746±0.001比0.2808±0.243)。添加200 mg/Kg/天的白荆提取物(V组)逆转了AFB1(200µg/ Kg/天)诱导的IgA水平下降(0.7124±0.005 vs. 0.7075±0.010);P = 0.05437);IgM(0.1005±0.004 vs. 0.0866±0.019;P = 0.0178);以及诱导IgG水平升高(0.1749±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243;P = 0.0155)。综上所述，补充银杏提取物可逆转AFB1引起的IgG和IgM免疫变化。
{"title":"Protective effect of Spirulina platensis extract on aflatoxin B1 immunotoxicities in mice","authors":"Masese Johnson, Kipkoech Gilbert, Kimoloi Sammy, M. Peter, Nguka Gordon, M. Charles","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12104","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main Aspergillums species that form aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. This study aimed to assess Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) extract inhibitory effect against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immunotoxicity in male Swiss albino mice. Twenty-five inbred weaned mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group I (Control group), were given routine diet. Treatments administered were: Group II (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day), Group III (AFB1 200 µg/kg/day), Group IV (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) and Group V (S. platensis extract 200 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. Blood was aseptically collected and centrifuged to obtain serum. Quantitative determination of IgG, IgM and IgA in blood serum was done using ELIZA kits. One-way ANOVA data analysis was done. Post-hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Differenced (HSD). P<0.05 statistical significance level was considered significant. Compared to group I (control), treatment with AFB1 200 µg/Kg/day (group III) led to reduced IgA (0.7147±0.001 vs. 0.7075±0.010); reduced IgM (0.0916±0.003 vs. 0.0866±0.019) and elevated IgG (0.1746±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243) mean levels. Supplementation of S. platensis extract 200 mg/Kg/day (group V) reversed the AFB1 (200 µg/kg/day)-induced depression of IgA levels (0.7124±0.005 vs. 0.7075±0.010; P=0.05437); IgM (0.1005±0.004 vs. 0.0866±0.019; P=0.0178); as well as the induced elevation of IgG levels (0.1749±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243; P=0.0155). In conclusion, immune changes in IgG and IgM caused by AFB1 could be reversed by supplementation of S. platensis extract.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79137789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2023.12106
J. Khan, R. Rathore, Iqbal Ahmad, Rubina Gill, F. Husain, Javeed Akhtar, L. D. Tolesa, Misbahu Abdu Ayanso, Mekonnen Begna
Staphylococcus aureus is commensal and human pathogen both. The bacterium is one of the most common causes of food borne infections also in all over the world. C. copticum (Ajwain) is an aromatic spice used as a medicinal plant from ancient time for treating different human diseases including infectious diseases. The highest anti-staphylococcal activity in terms of inhibition zone was recorded 18.5 mm whereas 14.5 mm as lowest. The MIC range of ethanolic extract was evaluated amid 1.56 mg/ml to 3.12 mg/ml. The C. copticum (seed) extract might be useful as anti-staphylococcal agent as well as natural food preservative.
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of Carum copticum extract against drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and food sources","authors":"J. Khan, R. Rathore, Iqbal Ahmad, Rubina Gill, F. Husain, Javeed Akhtar, L. D. Tolesa, Misbahu Abdu Ayanso, Mekonnen Begna","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2023.12106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12106","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is commensal and human pathogen both. The bacterium is one of the most common causes of food borne infections also in all over the world. C. copticum (Ajwain) is an aromatic spice used as a medicinal plant from ancient time for treating different human diseases including infectious diseases. The highest anti-staphylococcal activity in terms of inhibition zone was recorded 18.5 mm whereas 14.5 mm as lowest. The MIC range of ethanolic extract was evaluated amid 1.56 mg/ml to 3.12 mg/ml. The C. copticum (seed) extract might be useful as anti-staphylococcal agent as well as natural food preservative.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"76 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86383457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11606
A. Sandeshkrishna, Bimitha Benny, S. Samraj, P. John, U. Radhakrishnan
The use of medicinal plants for treating different ailments dates back to thousands of years through Ayurveda. They increased the efficacy of current chemotherapy while lowering the risk and side effects in cancer patients. The current study was carried out to identify the effect of methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seed coat on the expression of CYP 19 and StAR gene in MCF -7 cell lines. The phytochemical analysis of T. indica seed coat extract was done through Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract was discovered in a previous study using MTT assay and was found to be 32 µg/mL. The cells after treatment with extract at concentrations of 8, 16 and 32µg/mL produced a differential expression of CYP 19. There was a fold increase at IC50 concentration of the extract mean while the gene expression was decreased at higher and lower doses of IC50. On the other hand, a dose dependent fold increase was observed in the expression of StAR gene after treatment with the extract. The presence of Phyto steroids, fatty acid analogues and terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results supports the finding from GC-MS analysis. Even though there was an increase in the expression of StAR gene, there was a biphasic response with CYP19, which indicated a downregulation in the synthesis of oestrogen.
{"title":"Modulatory potential of Tamarindus indica on steroidogenesis by targeting in vitro expression of CYP 19 and StAR genes in MCF-7 cell lines","authors":"A. Sandeshkrishna, Bimitha Benny, S. Samraj, P. John, U. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11606","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants for treating different ailments dates back to thousands of years through Ayurveda. They increased the efficacy of current chemotherapy while lowering the risk and side effects in cancer patients. The current study was carried out to identify the effect of methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seed coat on the expression of CYP 19 and StAR gene in MCF -7 cell lines. The phytochemical analysis of T. indica seed coat extract was done through Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract was discovered in a previous study using MTT assay and was found to be 32 µg/mL. The cells after treatment with extract at concentrations of 8, 16 and 32µg/mL produced a differential expression of CYP 19. There was a fold increase at IC50 concentration of the extract mean while the gene expression was decreased at higher and lower doses of IC50. On the other hand, a dose dependent fold increase was observed in the expression of StAR gene after treatment with the extract. The presence of Phyto steroids, fatty acid analogues and terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results supports the finding from GC-MS analysis. Even though there was an increase in the expression of StAR gene, there was a biphasic response with CYP19, which indicated a downregulation in the synthesis of oestrogen.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91504680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11602
Gichuru M Joseph, M. Maina, Mburu N David, Menza C Nelson
In Kenya various plant extracts are widely used as folklore remedies for various ailments including malaria etc. However, use of these traditional remedies poses a risk to the users due to the scarcity of data on their safety including their teratogenic potential. Hence this study evaluated the teratogenic and sub-acute toxic effects of methanol: dichloromethane extract of Toddalia asiatica in animal mice. In the study, young female mice aged between 6-7weeks were mated with mature males and conception confirmed using vaginal plug, maternal weight and breast enlargement. Administration of the dosed of the plant extract and controls was done from day 6 through 15 of gestation. The mice were euthanized on the 19th day of gestation. The weight of the gravid uterus, pups, number of pups and gross examination to identify any physical abnormalities was done. In the toxicity study male mice aged between 6-7 weeks received oral administration of high doses of plant extract and the control daily for 28days. On the 29th day animals were sacrificed, cardiac puncture conducted and collected blood for hematology and biochemistry analysis. The data obtained was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey as the post hoc test. Statistical significance was set p < 0.05. The extracts caused significant reduction (p<0.001) in head size, birth weights and length of the limbs but no effects on hematology parameters. Hence the plant extract exhibited teratogenic effects and thus should be used with care during pregnancy.
{"title":"Toxicity of Toddalia asiatica is associated with microcephaly and hypochondroplasia in mice","authors":"Gichuru M Joseph, M. Maina, Mburu N David, Menza C Nelson","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11602","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya various plant extracts are widely used as folklore remedies for various ailments including malaria etc. However, use of these traditional remedies poses a risk to the users due to the scarcity of data on their safety including their teratogenic potential. Hence this study evaluated the teratogenic and sub-acute toxic effects of methanol: dichloromethane extract of Toddalia asiatica in animal mice. In the study, young female mice aged between 6-7weeks were mated with mature males and conception confirmed using vaginal plug, maternal weight and breast enlargement. Administration of the dosed of the plant extract and controls was done from day 6 through 15 of gestation. The mice were euthanized on the 19th day of gestation. The weight of the gravid uterus, pups, number of pups and gross examination to identify any physical abnormalities was done. In the toxicity study male mice aged between 6-7 weeks received oral administration of high doses of plant extract and the control daily for 28days. On the 29th day animals were sacrificed, cardiac puncture conducted and collected blood for hematology and biochemistry analysis. The data obtained was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey as the post hoc test. Statistical significance was set p < 0.05. The extracts caused significant reduction (p<0.001) in head size, birth weights and length of the limbs but no effects on hematology parameters. Hence the plant extract exhibited teratogenic effects and thus should be used with care during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88485764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11608
Razia Sultana, Mohammad Mostafa Mohsin Milon, M. Kader, S. Parvin, G. Parvez
Medicinal plants have long history of being using as traditional medicines in almost every corner of the earth. Various chemical constituents of the plant are responsible for the activities. The plant Trewia nudiflora, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is found abundantly in South Asia and Eastern Australia. Almost all parts of the plant such as root, stem bark, leaf, fruit and seed possess bioactive chemical constituents. The major chemical constituents are taraxerone, betasitosterol, nudiflorine, trewiasine, dehydrotrewiasine and maytanbutine. Although various parts of the plant have potential activity against cancer, tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities, but many activities like diabetes, arthritis, analgesic, anticoagulant has not yet been studied. So, this plant could be a potential source for the future research.
{"title":"Trewia nudiflora: A potential source of new drugs","authors":"Razia Sultana, Mohammad Mostafa Mohsin Milon, M. Kader, S. Parvin, G. Parvez","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11608","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have long history of being using as traditional medicines in almost every corner of the earth. Various chemical constituents of the plant are responsible for the activities. The plant Trewia nudiflora, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is found abundantly in South Asia and Eastern Australia. Almost all parts of the plant such as root, stem bark, leaf, fruit and seed possess bioactive chemical constituents. The major chemical constituents are taraxerone, betasitosterol, nudiflorine, trewiasine, dehydrotrewiasine and maytanbutine. Although various parts of the plant have potential activity against cancer, tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities, but many activities like diabetes, arthritis, analgesic, anticoagulant has not yet been studied. So, this plant could be a potential source for the future research.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88831001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11601
Bimitha Benny, A. Sandeshkrishna, S. Samraj, P. John, U. Radhakrishnan
The role of oestrogen in the development of breast cancer is well documented. The aberrant expression of genes involved in oestrogen hormone synthesis can be one of the causes of breast cancer. Suppression of these genes is considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of breast cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a methanolic extract of Mallotus phillippensis leaves on the expression of CYP19 and StAR genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract was found to be 190 µg/mL. MCF-7 cells treated with half IC50, IC50 and double IC50 of the extract that is 95, 190 and 380 µg/mL, was used for evaluating the effect on the gene. Methanolic extract of M. phillippensis at double IC50 doses, upregulated the expression of StAR and CYP 19 genes, whereas at half IC50 and IC50 doses downregulated StAR and CYP 19 gene expression. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of phytosterols, fatty acid analogues and terpenoids in the extract which contributed to differential expression of StAR and CYP 19 genes. The confirmation of detected compounds was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. From this study, it is inferred that higher doses of methanolic extract of Mallotus phillippensis can be used for treatment of the oestrogen deficient conditions leading to infertility while at lower doses significantly reduces StAR and CYP 19 gene expression can be recommended for the treatment of breast cancer.
{"title":"Differential expression of steroidogenic genes in MCF-7 cell lines by methanolic extract of Mallotus phillippensis","authors":"Bimitha Benny, A. Sandeshkrishna, S. Samraj, P. John, U. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11601","url":null,"abstract":"The role of oestrogen in the development of breast cancer is well documented. The aberrant expression of genes involved in oestrogen hormone synthesis can be one of the causes of breast cancer. Suppression of these genes is considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of breast cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a methanolic extract of Mallotus phillippensis leaves on the expression of CYP19 and StAR genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract was found to be 190 µg/mL. MCF-7 cells treated with half IC50, IC50 and double IC50 of the extract that is 95, 190 and 380 µg/mL, was used for evaluating the effect on the gene. Methanolic extract of M. phillippensis at double IC50 doses, upregulated the expression of StAR and CYP 19 genes, whereas at half IC50 and IC50 doses downregulated StAR and CYP 19 gene expression. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of phytosterols, fatty acid analogues and terpenoids in the extract which contributed to differential expression of StAR and CYP 19 genes. The confirmation of detected compounds was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. From this study, it is inferred that higher doses of methanolic extract of Mallotus phillippensis can be used for treatment of the oestrogen deficient conditions leading to infertility while at lower doses significantly reduces StAR and CYP 19 gene expression can be recommended for the treatment of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85652179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11604
Andouormwine Abel Somé, P. A. Dabiré, Filpkière Léonard Da, Stanislas Sawadogo, M. Ouédraogo, B. Bayala
Acute and Subacute toxicity investigations were carried out to evaluate the safety of M. oleifera leaf used in the treatment of various diseases and in nutrition. Five groups of 10 rats of both sex (5rats/sex) were constituted. The first group served as control and received distilled water 10mL/kg/ day while groups II, III, and IV respectively received orally and daily the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at doses 200, 400 and 800mg/kg bw for 4 weeks. The last group (V) considered as satellite group received also received the EEM 800mg/kg daily and orally for 4 weeks. At the end of the test period (4 weeks), the animals of this last group were observed without any treatment for 2 weeks again before their sacrifice in order to study the persistence or the disappearance of possible toxic effects of the extract. The rat was segregated according to gender and housed in cages of 5 rats. In Subacute toxicity investigated with Wistar rats, no mortality was recorded during the experimentation period. Moreover, there was no significant change in weight gain, relative organ weight, or hematological and serum chemical parameters except in a group of female animals where we noticed a reversible decrease in serum ALAT level (at 400mg/kg), total cholesterol (at 400mg/kg) and LDL level (at 800mg/kg) compared to ED group. The histopathological examination had shown some differences between the treated group and the control group that cannot be considered treatment-related.
{"title":"The oral subacute toxicological activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) growing in South West of Burkina Faso in Wistar rats","authors":"Andouormwine Abel Somé, P. A. Dabiré, Filpkière Léonard Da, Stanislas Sawadogo, M. Ouédraogo, B. Bayala","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11604","url":null,"abstract":"Acute and Subacute toxicity investigations were carried out to evaluate the safety of M. oleifera leaf used in the treatment of various diseases and in nutrition. Five groups of 10 rats of both sex (5rats/sex) were constituted. The first group served as control and received distilled water 10mL/kg/ day while groups II, III, and IV respectively received orally and daily the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at doses 200, 400 and 800mg/kg bw for 4 weeks. The last group (V) considered as satellite group received also received the EEM 800mg/kg daily and orally for 4 weeks. At the end of the test period (4 weeks), the animals of this last group were observed without any treatment for 2 weeks again before their sacrifice in order to study the persistence or the disappearance of possible toxic effects of the extract. The rat was segregated according to gender and housed in cages of 5 rats. In Subacute toxicity investigated with Wistar rats, no mortality was recorded during the experimentation period. Moreover, there was no significant change in weight gain, relative organ weight, or hematological and serum chemical parameters except in a group of female animals where we noticed a reversible decrease in serum ALAT level (at 400mg/kg), total cholesterol (at 400mg/kg) and LDL level (at 800mg/kg) compared to ED group. The histopathological examination had shown some differences between the treated group and the control group that cannot be considered treatment-related.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85186082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.31254/phyto.2022.11603
Sacramento T Isabelle, G. Félix, Sangare Maxime Machioud, Atègbo Jean-Marc
Opilia amantacea Roxb, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional African medicine. However, data on its safety remain limited in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of Opilia amentacea Roxb. The work was carried out in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing of chemicals using Method 423 on Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb was administered at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The different clinical signs observed after administration and over 14 days were recorded. As results, no mortality was observed. Only a general state of sleep was observed in animals of the control batch and the batch treated with the ethanolic extract of the plant tested. The biochemical parameters transaminase (AST, ALT), bilirubin (free and conjugated), alkaline phosphatases, uricemia, urea, creatinine) and the hematological parameters studied showed a nonstatistical difference (p>0.05) between the test batch and the control batch. The same applies to the variation in the weight of animals. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not have significant toxic effects on liver, kidney and blood tissue at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. From these data, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not exhibit acute toxicity to human health at the doses tested. Its use in traditional medicine may be recommended if efficacy data are established.
{"title":"Toxicological effects of Opilia amentacea Roxb, a medicinal plant used in traditional African medicine","authors":"Sacramento T Isabelle, G. Félix, Sangare Maxime Machioud, Atègbo Jean-Marc","doi":"10.31254/phyto.2022.11603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11603","url":null,"abstract":"Opilia amantacea Roxb, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional African medicine. However, data on its safety remain limited in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of Opilia amentacea Roxb. The work was carried out in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing of chemicals using Method 423 on Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb was administered at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The different clinical signs observed after administration and over 14 days were recorded. As results, no mortality was observed. Only a general state of sleep was observed in animals of the control batch and the batch treated with the ethanolic extract of the plant tested. The biochemical parameters transaminase (AST, ALT), bilirubin (free and conjugated), alkaline phosphatases, uricemia, urea, creatinine) and the hematological parameters studied showed a nonstatistical difference (p>0.05) between the test batch and the control batch. The same applies to the variation in the weight of animals. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not have significant toxic effects on liver, kidney and blood tissue at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. From these data, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not exhibit acute toxicity to human health at the doses tested. Its use in traditional medicine may be recommended if efficacy data are established.","PeriodicalId":22851,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytopharmacology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82794518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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