RNA silencing in plants is associated with movement of a silencing signal from cell to cell and through the phloem. It is likely that the mobile silencing signals are RNA molecules: either short interfering RNAs generated by Dicer-liker (DCL) RNaseIII enzymes or longer double stranded RNAs. Smith et
{"title":"A CLASSY RNA Silencing Signaling Mutant in Arabidopsis","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.190510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.190510","url":null,"abstract":"RNA silencing in plants is associated with movement of a silencing signal from cell to cell and through the phloem. It is likely that the mobile silencing signals are RNA molecules: either short interfering RNAs generated by Dicer-liker (DCL) RNaseIII enzymes or longer double stranded RNAs. Smith et","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"24 1","pages":"1439 - 1439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83598000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional DNA sequence changes at a lower rate over evolutionary time and therefore is more highly conserved than sequence without function. In comparing homoeologous chromosomal regions having diverged from a common ancestor, a high degree of sequence similarity in noncoding regions is assumed to
{"title":"Bigfoot Genes and Plant Response to Environmental Change","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.190511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.190511","url":null,"abstract":"Functional DNA sequence changes at a lower rate over evolutionary time and therefore is more highly conserved than sequence without function. In comparing homoeologous chromosomal regions having diverged from a common ancestor, a high degree of sequence similarity in noncoding regions is assumed to","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"17 1","pages":"1439a - 1439a"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximately 45 years ago, [Zeevaart (1962)][1] wrote that the identification of florigen, a phloem-borne signaling molecule that acts to initiate photoperiodic-dependent flowering, was the most urgent problem in the study of the physiology of flowering and expressed hope that the recent isolation
{"title":"Phloem-Borne FT Signals Flowering in Cucurbits","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.053447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.053447","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 45 years ago, [Zeevaart (1962)][1] wrote that the identification of florigen, a phloem-borne signaling molecule that acts to initiate photoperiodic-dependent flowering, was the most urgent problem in the study of the physiology of flowering and expressed hope that the recent isolation","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"72 1","pages":"1435 - 1438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86327846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediated by transmembrane G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is ubiquitous among eukaryotes. The G protein heterotrimer consists of α, β, and γ subunits bound to specific GPCRs. Ligand binding to the GPCR induces a change in Gα and the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, which turns the Gα subunit and the Gβγ dimer into two functional signaling units. Intrinsic GTPase activity of Gα returns the heterotrimer back to the inactive form. Diversity and selectivity in G protein signaling in mammals is provided by the existence of gene families for each of the G protein subunits. Humans contain at least 23 Gα subunits, 6 Gβ subunits, and 12 Gγ subunits, which show selectivity in their interactions and differences in tissue specificity. By contrast, Arabidopsis and a number of other plants contain one Gα subunit, one Gβ subunit, and two Gγ subunits (some legumes have two Gα subunits). Evidence is emerging that Gα and Gβγ are involved in signaling in specific and independent pathways in plants. Trusov et al. (pages 1235–1250) show that the two Gγ subunits in Arabidopsis provide functional selectivity to Gβγ signaling. Genetic analyses reveal that the two Gγ subunits provide specificity to the Gβγ dimer action in at least three different signaling pathways: fungal resistance, glucose sensing, and auxin-mediated lateral root development. Figure 1 Distinct patterns of expression of the two Gγ genes, AGG1 and AGG2, in root tissue, relative to expression of AGB1, which encodes the Gβ subunit.
{"title":"G Protein γ Subunits Provide Functional Selectivity","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/TPC.107.190411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/TPC.107.190411","url":null,"abstract":"Heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediated by transmembrane G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is ubiquitous among eukaryotes. The G protein heterotrimer consists of α, β, and γ subunits bound to specific GPCRs. Ligand binding to the GPCR induces a change in Gα and the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, which turns the Gα subunit and the Gβγ dimer into two functional signaling units. Intrinsic GTPase activity of Gα returns the heterotrimer back to the inactive form. Diversity and selectivity in G protein signaling in mammals is provided by the existence of gene families for each of the G protein subunits. Humans contain at least 23 Gα subunits, 6 Gβ subunits, and 12 Gγ subunits, which show selectivity in their interactions and differences in tissue specificity. By contrast, Arabidopsis and a number of other plants contain one Gα subunit, one Gβ subunit, and two Gγ subunits (some legumes have two Gα subunits). Evidence is emerging that Gα and Gβγ are involved in signaling in specific and independent pathways in plants. Trusov et al. (pages 1235–1250) show that the two Gγ subunits in Arabidopsis provide functional selectivity to Gβγ signaling. Genetic analyses reveal that the two Gγ subunits provide specificity to the Gβγ dimer action in at least three different signaling pathways: fungal resistance, glucose sensing, and auxin-mediated lateral root development. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Figure 1 \u0000 \u0000Distinct patterns of expression of the two Gγ genes, AGG1 and AGG2, in root tissue, relative to expression of AGB1, which encodes the Gβ subunit.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"7 1","pages":"1139a - 1139a"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78529719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anyone who has watched trees and other plants leafing out in the spring in temperate regions is aware that chloroplast development can occur rapidly in the light. The grass in lawns seems to turn green in a single morning. And yet chloroplasts, and thylakoids, the membrane-bound compartments inside
{"title":"Thylakoid Development from Biogenesis to Senescence, and Ruminations on Regulation","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.052779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.052779","url":null,"abstract":"Anyone who has watched trees and other plants leafing out in the spring in temperate regions is aware that chloroplast development can occur rapidly in the light. The grass in lawns seems to turn green in a single morning. And yet chloroplasts, and thylakoids, the membrane-bound compartments inside","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"46 1","pages":"1135 - 1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80429041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plant mitochondrial genome is highly recombinogenic, and rearrangements often occur in tissue culture conditions, during wide hybridization events, or as spontaneous events. Mitochondrial genomic rearrangement is often detected as the induction or loss of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). A
{"title":"Mitochondrial Recombination Surveillance","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/TPC.107.190410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/TPC.107.190410","url":null,"abstract":"The plant mitochondrial genome is highly recombinogenic, and rearrangements often occur in tissue culture conditions, during wide hybridization events, or as spontaneous events. Mitochondrial genomic rearrangement is often detected as the induction or loss of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). A","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"72 1","pages":"1139 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80069233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxylipins, lipid derivatives generated by oxygenation of fatty acids, function in signaling pathways related to various environmental and pathological responses in both plants and animals. It is known that a variety of plant oxylipins have antimicrobial effects, stimulate plant defense gene
{"title":"Novel Oxylipin Signaling Cascades","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.190310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.190310","url":null,"abstract":"Oxylipins, lipid derivatives generated by oxygenation of fatty acids, function in signaling pathways related to various environmental and pathological responses in both plants and animals. It is known that a variety of plant oxylipins have antimicrobial effects, stimulate plant defense gene","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"50 1","pages":"730 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87402543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photomorphogenesis is a critical developmental process in plants involving numerous signaling pathways that coordinately regulate the inhibition of stem elongation, differentiation of chloroplasts, accumulation of chlorophyll, and leaf expansion that accompany the transition from dark to light as a
{"title":"Light Regulation of Plant Development: HY5 Genomic Binding Sites","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.052233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.052233","url":null,"abstract":"Photomorphogenesis is a critical developmental process in plants involving numerous signaling pathways that coordinately regulate the inhibition of stem elongation, differentiation of chloroplasts, accumulation of chlorophyll, and leaf expansion that accompany the transition from dark to light as a","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"170 1","pages":"727 - 729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87249957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During meiosis, crossovers (COs), which represent the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occur with high frequency. Protein complexes named late recombination nodules (LNs) mark the chromosomal positions of COs along synaptonemal complexes that form during
{"title":"Focus on Meiotic Crossover Interference","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.190311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.190311","url":null,"abstract":"During meiosis, crossovers (COs), which represent the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occur with high frequency. Protein complexes named late recombination nodules (LNs) mark the chromosomal positions of COs along synaptonemal complexes that form during","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"19 1","pages":"730a - 730a"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87702879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wound around histone protein complexes. There are four core histones, known as H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, and two copies of each of these proteins come together to form a histone octamer complex around
{"title":"Two Tales of Chromatin Remodeling Converge on HUB1","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.051532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.051532","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wound around histone protein complexes. There are four core histones, known as H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, and two copies of each of these proteins come together to form a histone octamer complex around","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"364 1","pages":"391 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84907840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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