Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010063
P. Calabrò, D. Pangallo
Separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) is mandatory in Italy, and an increasingly higher standard of efficiency is applied; in fact, the target value set by regulation is 65%. In the last 20 years, separate collection efficiency increased from 9.4% with 80% national MSW landfilled, and only one region was over 25% separate collection to 58.1% with 22% national MSW landfilled and 12 of 20 regions over 55% separate collection. However, significant differences are present in the three Italian macro regions (North, Center and South). This paper analyzes the composition of waste carried in most Italian regions to evaluate the effect of separate collection on the composition of mixed municipal solid waste (unsorted). Moreover, a regression analysis on the same data allows to assess this latter as a function of separate collection efficiency.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Separate Collection on the Composition of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste in Italy","authors":"P. Calabrò, D. Pangallo","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010063","url":null,"abstract":"Separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) is mandatory in Italy, and an increasingly higher standard of efficiency is applied; in fact, the target value set by regulation is 65%. In the last 20 years, separate collection efficiency increased from 9.4% with 80% national MSW landfilled, and only one region was over 25% separate collection to 58.1% with 22% national MSW landfilled and 12 of 20 regions over 55% separate collection. However, significant differences are present in the three Italian macro regions (North, Center and South). This paper analyzes the composition of waste carried in most Italian regions to evaluate the effect of separate collection on the composition of mixed municipal solid waste (unsorted). Moreover, a regression analysis on the same data allows to assess this latter as a function of separate collection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79252353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010052
J. G. Manjunatha
This paper presents the application of Poly (Adenine) Modified Graphene Paste Electrode (PAMGPE) for the analysis of Catechol (CC) with Resorcinol (RC) and Hydroquinone (HQ) by a voltammetric technique. Electropolymerization technique was utilized for the modification of the sensor surface. The electrode surface was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the redox behavior of CC, RC and HQ. Oxidation peak current of CC increased linearly with the concentration of CC in the range from 2×10-6- 8×10-6 M and 1×10-5-1.5 ×10-4 M with a detection limit of 2.4×10-7 M. The practical application of the developed sensor was verified as exact for the determination of CC in water sample. The stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the developed electrode were studied and established good characteristics. Furthermore, the PAMGPE was examined for the simultaneous determination of CC, RC and HQ.
{"title":"Poly (Adenine) Modified Graphene-Based Voltammetric Sensor for the Electrochemical Determination of Catechol, Hydroquinone and Resorcinol","authors":"J. G. Manjunatha","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This paper presents the application of Poly (Adenine) Modified Graphene Paste Electrode (PAMGPE) for the analysis of Catechol (CC) with Resorcinol (RC) and Hydroquinone (HQ) by a voltammetric technique.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Electropolymerization technique was utilized for the modification of the sensor surface. The electrode surface was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the redox behavior of CC, RC and HQ.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Oxidation peak current of CC increased linearly with the concentration of CC in the range from 2×10-6- 8×10-6 M and 1×10-5-1.5 ×10-4 M with a detection limit of 2.4×10-7 M. The practical application of the developed sensor was verified as exact for the determination of CC in water sample.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the developed electrode were studied and established good characteristics. Furthermore, the PAMGPE was examined for the simultaneous determination of CC, RC and HQ.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90176057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010036
Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta, Sebastián Herrera-León, L. Cisternas
The production of lithium is growing continuously, and ensuring its stable supply is crucial for the growth of global economy. Therefore, to avoid a potential supply risk, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the implementation of current and planned lithium mining projects in order to meet the forecasted demand of lithium. In this paper, the capability of global lithium production to meet the uncertain, high or low level, demand by 2025, is analyzed. The global lithium supply is simulated considering three alternatives: no new projects in the portfolio, committed projects, and uncommitted projects. Two scenarios for estimating the growth rate of lithium production in the future are analyzed: a regular growth rate and a growth rate assuming the use in full capacity of lithium production by major suppliers. The results show that the total capacity of production covers the low-level demand. However, it is not enough to cover the high-level demand for lithium. Therefore, new projects are necessary. On the other hand, results considering all the possible projects show that the demand is exceeded, which suggests that intermediate scenarios could cover the demand by 100%. It is expected that a low-carbon economy may be projected soon, and assuming the high-level demand of lithium, then a combination of committed projects and uncommitted projects should be considered.
{"title":"Current and Future Global Lithium Production Till 2025","authors":"Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta, Sebastián Herrera-León, L. Cisternas","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The production of lithium is growing continuously, and ensuring its stable supply is crucial for the growth of global economy. Therefore, to avoid a potential supply risk, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the implementation of current and planned lithium mining projects in order to meet the forecasted demand of lithium.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this paper, the capability of global lithium production to meet the uncertain, high or low level, demand by 2025, is analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The global lithium supply is simulated considering three alternatives: no new projects in the portfolio, committed projects, and uncommitted projects. Two scenarios for estimating the growth rate of lithium production in the future are analyzed: a regular growth rate and a growth rate assuming the use in full capacity of lithium production by major suppliers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show that the total capacity of production covers the low-level demand. However, it is not enough to cover the high-level demand for lithium. Therefore, new projects are necessary. On the other hand, results considering all the possible projects show that the demand is exceeded, which suggests that intermediate scenarios could cover the demand by 100%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is expected that a low-carbon economy may be projected soon, and assuming the high-level demand of lithium, then a combination of committed projects and uncommitted projects should be considered.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90276374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-22DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010025
Tomiwa I. Oguntade, Christiana S. Ita, Olabode Sanmi, D. Oyekunle
Investigation of corrosion prevention techniques in oilfield applications is essential due to the occurrence of persistent corrosion problems, which largely contribute to huge production expenses of oil and gas exploration around the world. However, suitable corrosion control measures can help avert several potential disasters that can result in crucial issues, including environmental pollution, water resource, negative social impacts, and loss of life. Corrosion exists in oilfields at all stages, including surface to downhole and in processing facilities. It occurs as perforations in tanks, pipelines, tubing, casing as well as other equipment [1, 2]. Corrosion problems are typically linked to equipment maintenance and operating
{"title":"A Binary Mixture of Sesame And Castor Oil as an Ecofriendly Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel In Crude Oil","authors":"Tomiwa I. Oguntade, Christiana S. Ita, Olabode Sanmi, D. Oyekunle","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010025","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of corrosion prevention techniques in oilfield applications is essential due to the occurrence of persistent corrosion problems, which largely contribute to huge production expenses of oil and gas exploration around the world. However, suitable corrosion control measures can help avert several potential disasters that can result in crucial issues, including environmental pollution, water resource, negative social impacts, and loss of life. Corrosion exists in oilfields at all stages, including surface to downhole and in processing facilities. It occurs as perforations in tanks, pipelines, tubing, casing as well as other equipment [1, 2]. Corrosion problems are typically linked to equipment maintenance and operating","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82330996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010011
E. Alagbe, Y. S. Amlabu, E. O. Daniel, M. Ojewumi
In this work, the effect of drying temperature on the available carbohydrate is investigated. Nigerian climate favours the cultivation of banana and it is a ready fruit delight in almost all homes. Hybrids and polypoids of the species musa acuminata and musa balbisiana are very common. Unfortunately, post-harvest losses of 40 – 60%, of this energy rich fruit are encountered yearly. Drying is an age long method of preservation which has stood the test of time. Bananas are known to possess high carbohydrates with low glycaemic index which makes it a healthy fruit or snack. To determine the optimum drying temperature for the drying of Banana fruit. The banana fruit was peeled and sliced to about 5 mm thick and dried in a tray dryer at varying temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. The control sample was air dried at the average prevailing temperature of 30 °C. Results obtained showed that increased drying temperature favoured more loss of moisture from the samples and in turn, favoured an increase in the available carbohydrate in the dried fruit. The ash, fat and crude fibre content marginally changed with drying temperature. The optimum temperature for treated and untreated samples, from the results obtained, were 60 °C and 70 °C respectively. Drying impacts positively on the available sugar in the Banana fruit.
{"title":"Effect of Varying Drying Temperature on the Soluble Sugar and Nutritional Content of Banana","authors":"E. Alagbe, Y. S. Amlabu, E. O. Daniel, M. Ojewumi","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this work, the effect of drying temperature on the available carbohydrate is investigated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Nigerian climate favours the cultivation of banana and it is a ready fruit delight in almost all homes. Hybrids and polypoids of the species musa acuminata and musa balbisiana are very common. Unfortunately, post-harvest losses of 40 – 60%, of this energy rich fruit are encountered yearly. Drying is an age long method of preservation which has stood the test of time. Bananas are known to possess high carbohydrates with low glycaemic index which makes it a healthy fruit or snack.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To determine the optimum drying temperature for the drying of Banana fruit.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The banana fruit was peeled and sliced to about 5 mm thick and dried in a tray dryer at varying temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. The control sample was air dried at the average prevailing temperature of 30 °C.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results obtained showed that increased drying temperature favoured more loss of moisture from the samples and in turn, favoured an increase in the available carbohydrate in the dried fruit. The ash, fat and crude fibre content marginally changed with drying temperature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The optimum temperature for treated and untreated samples, from the results obtained, were 60 °C and 70 °C respectively.\u0000 Drying impacts positively on the available sugar in the Banana fruit.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010017
F. Hjouj, M. Jouini
Background: This paper reviews the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) problem in detail. Mathematically, the problem faced while recovering a function from a finite number of its geometric moments has been discussed with the help of the Spline Theory. Undoubtedly, the splines play a major role in the theory of interpolation and approximation in many fields of pure and applied sciences. B-Splines form a practical basis for the piecewise polynomials of the desired degree. A high degree of accuracy has been obtained in recovering a function within the first ten to fifteen geometric moments. The proposed approximation formula has been tested on several types of synthetic functions. This work highlights some advantages, such as the use of a practical basis for the approximating space, the exactness of computing the moments of these basis functions and the reduction of the size along with an appropriate transformation of the resulting linear system for stability. Objective: The aim is to recover a function from a finite number of its geometric moments. Methods: The main tool is the Spline Theory. Undoubtedly, the role of splines in the theory of interpolation and approximation in many fields of pure and applied sciences has been wellestablished. B-Splines form a practical basis for the piecewise polynomials of the desired degree. Results: A high degree of accuracy has been obtained in recovering a function within the first ten to fifteen geometric moments. The proposed approximation formula is tested on several types of synthetic functions. Conclusion: This work highlights some advantages, such as the use of a practical basis for the approximating space, the exactness of computing the moments of these basic functions and the reduction of the size along with the data transformation of the resulting linear system for stability.
{"title":"Review and Improvement of the Finite Moment Problem","authors":"F. Hjouj, M. Jouini","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper reviews the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) problem in detail. Mathematically, the problem faced while recovering a function from a finite number of its geometric moments has been discussed with the help of the Spline Theory. Undoubtedly, the splines play a major role in the theory of interpolation and approximation in many fields of pure and applied sciences. B-Splines form a practical basis for the piecewise polynomials of the desired degree. A high degree of accuracy has been obtained in recovering a function within the first ten to fifteen geometric moments. The proposed approximation formula has been tested on several types of synthetic functions. This work highlights some advantages, such as the use of a practical basis for the approximating space, the exactness of computing the moments of these basis functions and the reduction of the size along with an appropriate transformation of the resulting linear system for stability. Objective: The aim is to recover a function from a finite number of its geometric moments. Methods: The main tool is the Spline Theory. Undoubtedly, the role of splines in the theory of interpolation and approximation in many fields of pure and applied sciences has been wellestablished. B-Splines form a practical basis for the piecewise polynomials of the desired degree. Results: A high degree of accuracy has been obtained in recovering a function within the first ten to fifteen geometric moments. The proposed approximation formula is tested on several types of synthetic functions. Conclusion: This work highlights some advantages, such as the use of a practical basis for the approximating space, the exactness of computing the moments of these basic functions and the reduction of the size along with the data transformation of the resulting linear system for stability.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74436088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.2174/1874123102014010001
A. Hasseine, M. Hlawitschka, Waid Omar, H. Bart
Objective: In this work, we obtained the analytical and approximate solutions of the population balance equations (PBEs) involving the breakup process in batch and continuous flow by applying the Adomian decomposition method and piecewise continuous basis functions, respectively. Methods: The key to the advanced numerical method is to represent the number distribution function of the dispersed phase through the orthogonal Chebyshev basis polynomials. It is a straightforward and effective method that has the advantage of simultaneously giving the distribution and the different required moments. Therefore, it does not require the construction of the distribution from moments computations obtained by the transformation of the initial problem and the lost information. Results: The performance of this numerical approach is evaluated by solving breakup equation and comparison against analytical solutions obtained from the Adomian decomposition method, which generally allows the analysis of this approach. Conclusion: The numerical results obtained by the present numerical method were compared with the new analytical solutions of the PBE. It was found that both piecewise continuous basis functions and analytical solutions have comparable results.
{"title":"New Analytical and Numerical Solutions of the Particle Breakup Process","authors":"A. Hasseine, M. Hlawitschka, Waid Omar, H. Bart","doi":"10.2174/1874123102014010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this work, we obtained the analytical and approximate solutions of the population balance equations (PBEs) involving the breakup process in batch and continuous flow by applying the Adomian decomposition method and piecewise continuous basis functions, respectively. Methods: The key to the advanced numerical method is to represent the number distribution function of the dispersed phase through the orthogonal Chebyshev basis polynomials. It is a straightforward and effective method that has the advantage of simultaneously giving the distribution and the different required moments. Therefore, it does not require the construction of the distribution from moments computations obtained by the transformation of the initial problem and the lost information. Results: The performance of this numerical approach is evaluated by solving breakup equation and comparison against analytical solutions obtained from the Adomian decomposition method, which generally allows the analysis of this approach. Conclusion: The numerical results obtained by the present numerical method were compared with the new analytical solutions of the PBE. It was found that both piecewise continuous basis functions and analytical solutions have comparable results.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75546639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874123101912010122
S. Bhawani, Salman Bakhtiar, S. Shafqat
The resulted polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and BET. The batch binding assay was carried out to select the most selective polymer in terms of binding efficiency towards the target template. The adsorption parameters such as initial concentration, dosage of polymer, pH effect and selectivity with structural analogues were determined . The selectivity of MIP towards the 2, 4, 6-TCP was higher as compared to its structural analogue melamine with a good adsorption efficiency. Furthermore, the MIP as an extracting material was applied for extraction of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol from the spiked blood serum (88%) and river water sample (94%). The results showed that the optimized MIP could successfully extract 2,4,6-TCP from the blood serum and river water.
{"title":"Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Selective Extraction /Removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol","authors":"S. Bhawani, Salman Bakhtiar, S. Shafqat","doi":"10.2174/1874123101912010122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101912010122","url":null,"abstract":"The resulted polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and BET. The batch binding assay was carried out to select the most selective polymer in terms of binding efficiency towards the target template. The adsorption parameters such as initial concentration, dosage of polymer, pH effect and selectivity with structural analogues were determined . The selectivity of MIP towards the 2, 4, 6-TCP was higher as compared to its structural analogue melamine with a good adsorption efficiency. Furthermore, the MIP as an extracting material was applied for extraction of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol from the spiked blood serum (88%) and river water sample (94%). The results showed that the optimized MIP could successfully extract 2,4,6-TCP from the blood serum and river water.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82385271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.2174/1874123101913010114
Manping Yang, Lu Jiang, Shuxiang Guo, Liming Zheng, L. Meng
Objective: In this paper, an experimental model of water flooding was designed and manufactured, and experiments on high permeability and low permeability models were carried out. Methods: The relationship between injection rate, injection pore volume multiple and oil displacement efficiency, injection rate, injection pore volume multiple and water content in two kinds of permeability was analyzed. Results: There is a certain relationship between oil displacement efficiency and water injection speed. There is a reasonable water injection speed, which can achieve the highest oil displacement efficiency. The lower the permeability the lower will be the reasonable injection rate . In the reasonable range of water injection rate, the injection rate increases gradually, and the best oil displacement effect can be obtained. Conclusion: Through analysis, it was concluded that the oil displacement efficiency of artificial rocks with various water injection rates was different even in the same permeability experimental model. It was indicated that the water flooding recovery of the reservoir can be improved by using the method of strong injection and strong production in the middle and later stage of development.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Rational Water Injection Rate in Continental Sandstone Reservoirs","authors":"Manping Yang, Lu Jiang, Shuxiang Guo, Liming Zheng, L. Meng","doi":"10.2174/1874123101913010114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010114","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this paper, an experimental model of water flooding was designed and manufactured, and experiments on high permeability and low permeability models were carried out. Methods: The relationship between injection rate, injection pore volume multiple and oil displacement efficiency, injection rate, injection pore volume multiple and water content in two kinds of permeability was analyzed. Results: There is a certain relationship between oil displacement efficiency and water injection speed. There is a reasonable water injection speed, which can achieve the highest oil displacement efficiency. The lower the permeability the lower will be the reasonable injection rate . In the reasonable range of water injection rate, the injection rate increases gradually, and the best oil displacement effect can be obtained. Conclusion: Through analysis, it was concluded that the oil displacement efficiency of artificial rocks with various water injection rates was different even in the same permeability experimental model. It was indicated that the water flooding recovery of the reservoir can be improved by using the method of strong injection and strong production in the middle and later stage of development.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79259194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.2174/1874123101913010097
A. Evans, Aidoo Borsah Abraham, Brantson Eric Thompson
An improved understanding of complex clastic reservoirs has led to more detailed reservoir description using integrated approach. In this study, we implemented cluster analysis, geostatistical methods, reservoir quality indicator technique and reservoir simulation to characterize clastic system with complex pore architecture and heterogeneity. Model based clustering technique from Ward’s analytical algorithm was utilised to transform relationship between core and calculated well logs for paraflow units (PFUs) classification in terms of porosity, permeability and pore throat radius of the reservoir. The architecture of the reservoir at pore scale is described using flow zone indicator (FZI) values and the significant flow units characterized adopting the reservoir quality index (RQI) method. The reservoir porosity, permeability, oil saturation and pressure for delineated flow units were distributed stochastically in 2D numerical models utilising geostatistical conditional simulation. In addition, production behaviour of the field is predicted using history matching. Dynamic models were built for field water cut (FWCT), total field water production (FWPT) and field gas-oil-ratio (FGOR) and history matched, considering a number of simulation runs. Results obtained showed a satisfactory match between the proposed models and history data, describing the production behaviour of the field. The average FWCT peaked at 78.9% with FWPT of 10 MMSTB. Consequently, high FGOR of 6.8 MSCF/STB was obtained. The integrated reservoir characterisation approach used in this study has provided the framework for defining productive zones and a better understanding of flow characteristics including spatial distribution of continuous and discrete reservoir properties for performance prediction of sandstone reservoir.
{"title":"Integrated Reservoir Characterisation for Petrophysical Flow Units Evaluation and Performance Prediction","authors":"A. Evans, Aidoo Borsah Abraham, Brantson Eric Thompson","doi":"10.2174/1874123101913010097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 An improved understanding of complex clastic reservoirs has led to more detailed reservoir description using integrated approach. In this study, we implemented cluster analysis, geostatistical methods, reservoir quality indicator technique and reservoir simulation to characterize clastic system with complex pore architecture and heterogeneity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Model based clustering technique from Ward’s analytical algorithm was utilised to transform relationship between core and calculated well logs for paraflow units (PFUs) classification in terms of porosity, permeability and pore throat radius of the reservoir. The architecture of the reservoir at pore scale is described using flow zone indicator (FZI) values and the significant flow units characterized adopting the reservoir quality index (RQI) method. The reservoir porosity, permeability, oil saturation and pressure for delineated flow units were distributed stochastically in 2D numerical models utilising geostatistical conditional simulation. In addition, production behaviour of the field is predicted using history matching. Dynamic models were built for field water cut (FWCT), total field water production (FWPT) and field gas-oil-ratio (FGOR) and history matched, considering a number of simulation runs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results obtained showed a satisfactory match between the proposed models and history data, describing the production behaviour of the field. The average FWCT peaked at 78.9% with FWPT of 10 MMSTB. Consequently, high FGOR of 6.8 MSCF/STB was obtained.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The integrated reservoir characterisation approach used in this study has provided the framework for defining productive zones and a better understanding of flow characteristics including spatial distribution of continuous and discrete reservoir properties for performance prediction of sandstone reservoir.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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