Pub Date : 2016-04-08DOI: 10.2174/1874123101610010050
D. Villanueva-Bermejo, G. Reglero, R. Stateva, T. Fornari
D. Villanueva acknowledges the predoctoral contract (JAE) given by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) of Spain. This work was financed thanks ALIBIRD, S2013/ABI-2728 (Comunidad de Madrid) project.
D. Villanueva承认西班牙高等科学研究委员会(CSIC)授予的博士前合同(JAE)。本研究由ALIBIRD, S2013/ABI-2728(马德里公社)项目资助。
{"title":"Solubility of Bioactive Substances in Ethyl Lactate + Water Mixtures: Ferulic Acid and Caffeine","authors":"D. Villanueva-Bermejo, G. Reglero, R. Stateva, T. Fornari","doi":"10.2174/1874123101610010050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101610010050","url":null,"abstract":"D. Villanueva acknowledges the predoctoral contract (JAE) given by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) of Spain. This work was financed thanks ALIBIRD, S2013/ABI-2728 (Comunidad de Madrid) project.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-08DOI: 10.2174/1874123101610010001
T. Fornari, R. Stateva, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet
{"title":"Editorial: Current Topics in Phase Equilibria of Systems for Food Application","authors":"T. Fornari, R. Stateva, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet","doi":"10.2174/1874123101610010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101610010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78275455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-08DOI: 10.2174/1874123101610010004
G. Angelov, L. Boyadzhiev, S. Georgieva
The methods for producing natural resveratrol are of big interest because of the many health benefits of this substance and its increasing use in functional foods, food supplements and para-pharmaceutical preparations. Generally, resveratrol is extracted from different natural sources, most of them usually produced for consumption purposes (grapes, nuts). This paper presents a method for recovery of resveratrol from a widely available raw material grapevine stems, a by-product of vine pruning. An efficient extraction-fractionation scheme is developed, based on shifting the phase equilibrium, by which more concentrated extracts of resveratrol are obtained. After a simple extraction, the initial extract is further separated into two fractions, containing either water or ethanol-soluble compounds. Using this approach, the resveratrol’s low water solubility helps isolate it from other water-soluble substances. The resulting product is almost ten times more concentrated in trans-resveratrol than the initial total extract. Additionally, a fraction containing water-soluble polyphenols is obtained, which could be used for water-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.
{"title":"Useful Bioactive Substances from Wastes: Recovery of Trans-Resveratrol from Grapevine Stems","authors":"G. Angelov, L. Boyadzhiev, S. Georgieva","doi":"10.2174/1874123101610010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101610010004","url":null,"abstract":"The methods for producing natural resveratrol are of big interest because of the many health benefits of this substance and its increasing use in functional foods, food supplements and para-pharmaceutical preparations. Generally, resveratrol is extracted from different natural sources, most of them usually produced for consumption purposes (grapes, nuts). This paper presents a method for recovery of resveratrol from a widely available raw material grapevine stems, a by-product of vine pruning. An efficient extraction-fractionation scheme is developed, based on shifting the phase equilibrium, by which more concentrated extracts of resveratrol are obtained. After a simple extraction, the initial extract is further separated into two fractions, containing either water or ethanol-soluble compounds. Using this approach, the resveratrol’s low water solubility helps isolate it from other water-soluble substances. The resulting product is almost ten times more concentrated in trans-resveratrol than the initial total extract. Additionally, a fraction containing water-soluble polyphenols is obtained, which could be used for water-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91438802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-08DOI: 10.2174/1874123101610010010
Daniel F. B. Lima, Luísa D. F. Santos, Daniel B. Pereira, M. Lenzi, M. Corazza, F. Voll
This paper reports experimental data and the thermodynamic modeling of the liquid-liquid equilibrium systems with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (obtained from olive oil), ethanol and water. The experimental data were fitted using the UNIQUAC model, in which absolute deviation of 1.28 % and root mean square deviation of 2.10 % between experimental and calculated mass fraction of the components in each phase were obtained. The results from this study can be complementary to investigations of more complex liquid-liquid equilibrium of systems containing diacylglycerols and monoacylglcerols of olive oil in hydroalcoholic solutions, once such systems will mostly also contain triacylglycerols and free fatty acids on its composition. Diacylglycerols are obtained from different reaction processes and can be purified by liquid-liquid extraction at mild conditions of temperature and pressure, what justifies the experimental and theoretical approach made in this work.
{"title":"Liquid-liquid Equilibrium in Systems Containing Olive Oil, Free Fatty Acids, Ethanol and Water","authors":"Daniel F. B. Lima, Luísa D. F. Santos, Daniel B. Pereira, M. Lenzi, M. Corazza, F. Voll","doi":"10.2174/1874123101610010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101610010010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports experimental data and the thermodynamic modeling of the liquid-liquid equilibrium systems with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (obtained from olive oil), ethanol and water. The experimental data were fitted using the UNIQUAC model, in which absolute deviation of 1.28 % and root mean square deviation of 2.10 % between experimental and calculated mass fraction of the components in each phase were obtained. The results from this study can be complementary to investigations of more complex liquid-liquid equilibrium of systems containing diacylglycerols and monoacylglcerols of olive oil in hydroalcoholic solutions, once such systems will mostly also contain triacylglycerols and free fatty acids on its composition. Diacylglycerols are obtained from different reaction processes and can be purified by liquid-liquid extraction at mild conditions of temperature and pressure, what justifies the experimental and theoretical approach made in this work.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87368101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-10DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010155
Zhang Fengjuan, Xing Liting, Wang Song, Zhuang Huibo, Dou Tongwen, Yang Zengyuan
Shallow salt water in the inland plain has huge development potential. Taking saline water area in Sungeng Town, Jiyang County as an example, based on field water quality and water table tests., tracing test, methods such as mathematical statistical, hydrochemistry diagram of piper and numerical simulation by PHREEQC are used to analyze synthetically. 6862 groups data were studied. Results showed: (1) The groundwater presents typically "weather - evaporation" type, chemistry type is Cl.SO4-Mg.Na. and Cl.SO4-Na.Mg type. (2) In area of inland saline water presents characteristics of lagging water flow with high clay content in aquifer medium. Groundwater mineralization is obvious. (3) Hydrogeochemistry actions such as evaporation, alternate adsorption and water-rock interaction are the primary cause of the forming complex hydrochemistry type. The unique groundwater circulation characteristics of inland plains salt- water area makes water dynamic being relatively stable.
{"title":"Research on Formation Mechanism of Jiyang Shallow Saline GroundWater","authors":"Zhang Fengjuan, Xing Liting, Wang Song, Zhuang Huibo, Dou Tongwen, Yang Zengyuan","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010155","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow salt water in the inland plain has huge development potential. Taking saline water area in Sungeng Town, Jiyang County as an example, based on field water quality and water table tests., tracing test, methods such as mathematical statistical, hydrochemistry diagram of piper and numerical simulation by PHREEQC are used to analyze synthetically. 6862 groups data were studied. Results showed: (1) The groundwater presents typically \"weather - evaporation\" type, chemistry type is Cl.SO4-Mg.Na. and Cl.SO4-Na.Mg type. (2) In area of inland saline water presents characteristics of lagging water flow with high clay content in aquifer medium. Groundwater mineralization is obvious. (3) Hydrogeochemistry actions such as evaporation, alternate adsorption and water-rock interaction are the primary cause of the forming complex hydrochemistry type. The unique groundwater circulation characteristics of inland plains salt- water area makes water dynamic being relatively stable.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77643298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-22DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010134
Yang Wu, Dai Tagen, Long Yongzhen
The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Yunfeng bauxite in Qingzhen were investigated through the handle specimen observation, thin section analysis, XRD、SEM and Element geochemistry. The mineral analyses reveal that diaspore, kaolinite and chlorite are the major minerals in the bauxite with small amounts of boehmite and pyrite. Geochemical investigations reveal that the main components in the bauxite are Al2O3, SiO2 and TFe2O3, the minorcomponents are TiO2, MgO and P2O5. In the process of weathering, some trace elements, such as Zr, Cr, Nb and Hf, are enriched. Zr vs Hf and Nb vs Ta display higher positive correlation. Trace elements show that Loushanguan For- mation is the main source of material for the bauxite formation and there may be exist other precursor rock provide few material for the bauxite formation. Ore deposit formed in a O-poor,reducing Marine sedimentary environment.
{"title":"The Research of the Mineralogical and Element Geochemical Characteristics of Bauxite in Yunfeng, Qingzhen, in Central Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Yang Wu, Dai Tagen, Long Yongzhen","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010134","url":null,"abstract":"The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Yunfeng bauxite in Qingzhen were investigated through the handle specimen observation, thin section analysis, XRD、SEM and Element geochemistry. The mineral analyses reveal that diaspore, kaolinite and chlorite are the major minerals in the bauxite with small amounts of boehmite and pyrite. Geochemical investigations reveal that the main components in the bauxite are Al2O3, SiO2 and TFe2O3, the minorcomponents are TiO2, MgO and P2O5. In the process of weathering, some trace elements, such as Zr, Cr, Nb and Hf, are enriched. Zr vs Hf and Nb vs Ta display higher positive correlation. Trace elements show that Loushanguan For- mation is the main source of material for the bauxite formation and there may be exist other precursor rock provide few material for the bauxite formation. Ore deposit formed in a O-poor,reducing Marine sedimentary environment.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87502897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-22DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010143
Minshen Huang, L. Zhang, Shudong Wei, Qi Zeng, Haichao Zhou, Yi-ming Lin
Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and nitrogen contents in sun and shade leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum were studied in the Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China. The contents of TP, ECT and TCT in the sun leaves were significantly higher than those in the shade leaves through the season. The N content in sun leaves was higher than that in shade leaves in the autumn, while it was lower in the summer, and there was no significant difference in the winter and spring. With the respect to the P through the year, P content in the sun leaves was different between seasons, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. In addition, the TP:N and ECT:N ratios in sun leaves were significantly higher than those in shade leaves except in autumn. High tannin levels and TP:N and ECT:N ratios in the sun leaves not only can reduce oxidative stress, but also improve the ability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of Tannin and Nutrient in Aegiceras corniculatum Leaves in Zhangjiang Mangrove Ecosystem","authors":"Minshen Huang, L. Zhang, Shudong Wei, Qi Zeng, Haichao Zhou, Yi-ming Lin","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010143","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and nitrogen contents in sun and shade leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum were studied in the Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China. The contents of TP, ECT and TCT in the sun leaves were significantly higher than those in the shade leaves through the season. The N content in sun leaves was higher than that in shade leaves in the autumn, while it was lower in the summer, and there was no significant difference in the winter and spring. With the respect to the P through the year, P content in the sun leaves was different between seasons, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. In addition, the TP:N and ECT:N ratios in sun leaves were significantly higher than those in shade leaves except in autumn. High tannin levels and TP:N and ECT:N ratios in the sun leaves not only can reduce oxidative stress, but also improve the ability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84382288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-22DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010149
Huang Zhiyong, Zhou Yajing, X. Xia, Liu Shuyan, Jing Jie
Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) of licorice is a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) integrating with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was firstly employed to optimize the ILG extraction, which based on the single-factor experiments. According to analysis, the effect of extraction time and ethanol concentration on yields was significantly. The optimum values were the ethanol concentration of 73.25%, extraction time of 27.82 min and liquid-solid ratio of 19.10: 1. Under these conditions, the highest yield of ILG from licorice was 0.26 mg/g.
{"title":"Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Isoliquiritigenin from Licorice by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Huang Zhiyong, Zhou Yajing, X. Xia, Liu Shuyan, Jing Jie","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010149","url":null,"abstract":"Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) of licorice is a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) integrating with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was firstly employed to optimize the ILG extraction, which based on the single-factor experiments. According to analysis, the effect of extraction time and ethanol concentration on yields was significantly. The optimum values were the ethanol concentration of 73.25%, extraction time of 27.82 min and liquid-solid ratio of 19.10: 1. Under these conditions, the highest yield of ILG from licorice was 0.26 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-21DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010125
Yanyan Tan, Shengtao Li, Xiaonan Fang
In order to well solve the phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems, we introduce an adaptive strate- gy in invasive weed optimization (IWO), and integrate the adaptive IWO (AIWO) into the framework of MOEA/D, a popular multi-objective algorithm. Then, a new version of MOEA/D with adaptive IWO, named MOEA/D-AIWO is pro- posed in this paper for solving the synthesis problems. In MOEA/D-AIWO, the proposed adaptive strategy is adopted for improving search ability and balancing diversity and convergence. We introduce an adaptive standard deviation, which changes not only with the increase of evolution generations, but also exponentially with the fitness function value of each individual. This strategy improves the convergence rate and helps the seeds escape from local optimum. Taking advantage of the powerful searching ability of invasive weeds and well framework of MOEA/D, the overall performance of the pro- posed MOEA/D-AIWO is illustrated in solving two sets of phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems. Compar- ing results with MOEA/D-IWO (MOEA/D with original IWO) and MOEA/D-DE are also provided in this paper.
{"title":"MOEA/D with Adaptive IWO for Synthesizing Phase-Only Reconfigurable Linear Arrays","authors":"Yanyan Tan, Shengtao Li, Xiaonan Fang","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010125","url":null,"abstract":"In order to well solve the phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems, we introduce an adaptive strate- gy in invasive weed optimization (IWO), and integrate the adaptive IWO (AIWO) into the framework of MOEA/D, a popular multi-objective algorithm. Then, a new version of MOEA/D with adaptive IWO, named MOEA/D-AIWO is pro- posed in this paper for solving the synthesis problems. In MOEA/D-AIWO, the proposed adaptive strategy is adopted for improving search ability and balancing diversity and convergence. We introduce an adaptive standard deviation, which changes not only with the increase of evolution generations, but also exponentially with the fitness function value of each individual. This strategy improves the convergence rate and helps the seeds escape from local optimum. Taking advantage of the powerful searching ability of invasive weeds and well framework of MOEA/D, the overall performance of the pro- posed MOEA/D-AIWO is illustrated in solving two sets of phase-only reconfigurable arrays synthesis problems. Compar- ing results with MOEA/D-IWO (MOEA/D with original IWO) and MOEA/D-DE are also provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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