Pub Date : 2015-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010162
Di Geng, Xuan Ma, L. Weng, Li-Tao Yi, Y. Han, Xin Yang
A new acetophenone trimer, named ebracteolatain C, along with two known diterpenoids was isolated from Euphorbia ebtacteolata. The structure of the compound 1 was elucidated as 1-[3, 5-bis-(3-acetyl-2, 6-dihydroxy-4methoxy-benzyl)-4, 6-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl]-ethanone on basis of spectroscopic methods.
{"title":"Retraction Note: A New Acetophenone Trimer From Roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata","authors":"Di Geng, Xuan Ma, L. Weng, Li-Tao Yi, Y. Han, Xin Yang","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010162","url":null,"abstract":"A new acetophenone trimer, named ebracteolatain C, along with two known diterpenoids was isolated from Euphorbia ebtacteolata. The structure of the compound 1 was elucidated as 1-[3, 5-bis-(3-acetyl-2, 6-dihydroxy-4methoxy-benzyl)-4, 6-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl]-ethanone on basis of spectroscopic methods.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"162-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82962625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010062
Ren Hongjuan, Lou Diming, Zhu Jian, Luo Yiping
The Selective Catalytic Reduce (SCR) is studied. The unknown parameters of the SCR kinetic model equations are fitted based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is in the range of the allowable error, compared to the experimental data. Then in AVL Boost software, the simulation results of SCR reaction are obtained. Compared to the test data, the simulation results prove that the parameter identification is effective. At last, the SCR reaction is simulated in AVL Boost, and at the same exhaust temperature, the effect of GHSV and NSR on the SCR reaction is studied.
{"title":"Dynamic Model Parameter Identification and Simulation of SCR Based on Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Ren Hongjuan, Lou Diming, Zhu Jian, Luo Yiping","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010062","url":null,"abstract":"The Selective Catalytic Reduce (SCR) is studied. The unknown parameters of the SCR kinetic model equations are fitted based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is in the range of the allowable error, compared to the experimental data. Then in AVL Boost software, the simulation results of SCR reaction are obtained. Compared to the test data, the simulation results prove that the parameter identification is effective. At last, the SCR reaction is simulated in AVL Boost, and at the same exhaust temperature, the effect of GHSV and NSR on the SCR reaction is studied.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78668933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010034
Huang Li, Chu Qing, Tao Hongge, Wang Yan-jin, Xinping Liu
Biogas fuels is effective to alleviate the problem of energy shortage and ecological environment for sustainable developing in rural China. But CO 2 and other impurity in biogas will impede its use for generating high quality energy. In this paper, water scrubbing technology has been used for biogas upgrading under low scrubbing pressure, and the influence of CO 2 removal rate and CO 2 solubility caused by different experimental parameters including the feed gas flow rate, water flow rate and scrubbing pressure were examined, and the experiments dates were analyzed by SPSS17.0, and then the corresponding mathematical models were established. The result showed that, under the three scrubbing pressure level(with normal pressure, 0. 15 Mpa and 0. 3 Mpa), the improve rate of CH 4 volume fraction increased about 15%, and CO 2 volume fraction declined about 20% when scrubbing pressure raised in each level, and under 0.3 Mpa of pressure, with 0.28 of flow rate ratio of gas and liquid, CO 2 removal rate gotten as high as 73.14%.So the method of water scrubbing under low pressure could be used for biogas preliminary upgrading processing when there is rich of water.
{"title":"Experimental Study for Biogas Upgrading by Water Scrubbing under LowPressure","authors":"Huang Li, Chu Qing, Tao Hongge, Wang Yan-jin, Xinping Liu","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010034","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas fuels is effective to alleviate the problem of energy shortage and ecological environment for sustainable developing in rural China. But CO 2 and other impurity in biogas will impede its use for generating high quality energy. In this paper, water scrubbing technology has been used for biogas upgrading under low scrubbing pressure, and the influence of CO 2 removal rate and CO 2 solubility caused by different experimental parameters including the feed gas flow rate, water flow rate and scrubbing pressure were examined, and the experiments dates were analyzed by SPSS17.0, and then the corresponding mathematical models were established. The result showed that, under the three scrubbing pressure level(with normal pressure, 0. 15 Mpa and 0. 3 Mpa), the improve rate of CH 4 volume fraction increased about 15%, and CO 2 volume fraction declined about 20% when scrubbing pressure raised in each level, and under 0.3 Mpa of pressure, with 0.28 of flow rate ratio of gas and liquid, CO 2 removal rate gotten as high as 73.14%.So the method of water scrubbing under low pressure could be used for biogas preliminary upgrading processing when there is rich of water.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84566789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010039
Guoqing Shi, Xiang Qisen, Yichao Fan, Zhao Wenen, Li Yanqi
The flavonoids in dry onion skins were extracted by alkaline solution method. On the basis of single factor combined with ternary quadratic regression general rotary unitized design, the effects of several extraction parameters on the extraction efficiency of total flavonoids were investigated, including extraction times, pH of the extraction solution, material / extraction solution ratio, extraction time, and temperature. NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH method was used for the determination of total flavonoids. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: two times of extraction; pH, 11; material / extraction solution ratio, 30 : 1; extraction temperature, 83.0 ~ 84.0 ℃; extraction duration, 1.9 ~ 2.0 h. Under the above optimal conditions, the flavonoids extracted from dry onion skins yielded 2.82%.
{"title":"Optimization of Process on Extracting Flavonoids from Dry Onion Skins by Alkaline Method","authors":"Guoqing Shi, Xiang Qisen, Yichao Fan, Zhao Wenen, Li Yanqi","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010039","url":null,"abstract":"The flavonoids in dry onion skins were extracted by alkaline solution method. On the basis of single factor combined with ternary quadratic regression general rotary unitized design, the effects of several extraction parameters on the extraction efficiency of total flavonoids were investigated, including extraction times, pH of the extraction solution, material / extraction solution ratio, extraction time, and temperature. NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH method was used for the determination of total flavonoids. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: two times of extraction; pH, 11; material / extraction solution ratio, 30 : 1; extraction temperature, 83.0 ~ 84.0 ℃; extraction duration, 1.9 ~ 2.0 h. Under the above optimal conditions, the flavonoids extracted from dry onion skins yielded 2.82%.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85214941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abatract: Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS), extracted from the roots of the common TCM Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen, consist of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd and many other chemicals which haven’t been identified. Due to its popular pharmacological effects, it is of importance to control the quality. This study combines design of experiments and design space methodology to optimize the HPLC separation of PNS. Three common chromatographic parameters (i.e. the temperature, the initial proportion of acetonitrile and the gradient slope) were selected to construct a Box-Behnken design which consisted of 17 experiments. A quadratic model that was built from the experimental result was used to construct the design space. The optimal separation was predicted at temperature 20°C, with a gradient starting at 15% of acetonitrile and a gradient slope of 0.55%/min. Accuracy profile approach was employed to validate the established HPLC method. The results clearly showed that quality by design methodology could be effectively applied to optimize the HPLC chromatographic conditions for the analysis of PNS.
摘要:三七皂苷(Panax Notoginseng Saponins, PNS)是从常见中药三七(Burk.)的根中提取的。由三七皂苷R1，人参皂苷Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd和许多其他尚未确定的化学物质组成。由于其广泛的药理作用，其质量控制具有重要意义。本研究结合实验设计和设计空间法，优化PNS的高效液相色谱分离。选取3个常用色谱参数(温度、乙腈初始比例和梯度斜率)构建Box-Behnken设计，共17个实验。利用实验结果建立的二次元模型构建设计空间。预测最佳分离温度为20℃，梯度从乙腈浓度的15%开始，梯度斜率为0.55%/min。采用准确度剖面法对所建立的高效液相色谱法进行验证。结果表明，设计质量法可有效地优化PNS的HPLC分析条件。
{"title":"Application of Design of Experiment and Design Space (DOE-DS) Methodology for the HPLC Separation of Panax Notoginseng Saponins","authors":"Shengyun Dai, Bing Xu, Gan Luo, Jianyu Li, Zhong Xue, Xinyuan Shi, Yanjiang Qiao","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010047","url":null,"abstract":"Abatract: Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS), extracted from the roots of the common TCM Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen, consist of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd and many other chemicals which haven’t been identified. Due to its popular pharmacological effects, it is of importance to control the quality. This study combines design of experiments and design space methodology to optimize the HPLC separation of PNS. Three common chromatographic parameters (i.e. the temperature, the initial proportion of acetonitrile and the gradient slope) were selected to construct a Box-Behnken design which consisted of 17 experiments. A quadratic model that was built from the experimental result was used to construct the design space. The optimal separation was predicted at temperature 20°C, with a gradient starting at 15% of acetonitrile and a gradient slope of 0.55%/min. Accuracy profile approach was employed to validate the established HPLC method. The results clearly showed that quality by design methodology could be effectively applied to optimize the HPLC chromatographic conditions for the analysis of PNS.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81195110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010053
Fu Shuang, Xiao Chunhui, L. Hongmei, Xu Feng
This article uses three kinds of monomers: the styrene, butyl acrylate and Vinyltriisopropoxysilane, synthesized the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, carries on the structure characterization and the physical performance test. Takes it as the solid phase micro extract coating, carries on the inspection to its adsorbability, the experiment obtains the detection limit of the benzene which is 0.21 μ g/L; The detection limit of the toluene is 30 μ g/L; The detection limit of the m-Xylene is 0.55 μ g/L. Indicated the adsorptivity of this polymer has more effection toward the small molecular aromatic hydrocarbon as the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, and the limit of detection is lower compared to the commodity extract coating, there are some promotion and adoption value.
{"title":"The Synthesis of New Solid-phase Microextraction Adsorption Material and Its Adsorption Performance","authors":"Fu Shuang, Xiao Chunhui, L. Hongmei, Xu Feng","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010053","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses three kinds of monomers: the styrene, butyl acrylate and Vinyltriisopropoxysilane, synthesized the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, carries on the structure characterization and the physical performance test. Takes it as the solid phase micro extract coating, carries on the inspection to its adsorbability, the experiment obtains the detection limit of the benzene which is 0.21 μ g/L; The detection limit of the toluene is 30 μ g/L; The detection limit of the m-Xylene is 0.55 μ g/L. Indicated the adsorptivity of this polymer has more effection toward the small molecular aromatic hydrocarbon as the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, and the limit of detection is lower compared to the commodity extract coating, there are some promotion and adoption value.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-08DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010029
Ling Hu, P. He, S. Fang
Silicone-cyclophosphazene (SCP) as a flame retardant was synthesized using hydroxyl terminated polydime thylsiloxane(PDMS-OH) and hexa cyclophosphazene silicone oil and phosphonitrilic chloride trimer(HCCTP) as the precursors, The properties of SCP-modified polycarbonat(PC) such as thermal stability, flame retardant properties and carbon layer after combustion were analyzed. It was found that the target product was SCP, as evidenced by infra-red spectrum (IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(31P-NMR) spectra results. The PC/SCP composite had higher thermal stability, with higher amount of carbon residue at both initial degradation temperature and 800 oC. When the addition of SCP was 10 wt.% in the PC/SCP composite, the oxygen index increased from 28 to 34%, and a V-0 level was achieved on UL - 94 test. Also, a compact structure of the residue carbon layer after combustion was observed.
{"title":"Study on the Synthesis and Application in the Polycarbonat of Silicone- Cyclophosphazene Flame Retardant","authors":"Ling Hu, P. He, S. Fang","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010029","url":null,"abstract":"Silicone-cyclophosphazene (SCP) as a flame retardant was synthesized using hydroxyl terminated polydime thylsiloxane(PDMS-OH) and hexa cyclophosphazene silicone oil and phosphonitrilic chloride trimer(HCCTP) as the precursors, The properties of SCP-modified polycarbonat(PC) such as thermal stability, flame retardant properties and carbon layer after combustion were analyzed. It was found that the target product was SCP, as evidenced by infra-red spectrum (IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(31P-NMR) spectra results. The PC/SCP composite had higher thermal stability, with higher amount of carbon residue at both initial degradation temperature and 800 oC. When the addition of SCP was 10 wt.% in the PC/SCP composite, the oxygen index increased from 28 to 34%, and a V-0 level was achieved on UL - 94 test. Also, a compact structure of the residue carbon layer after combustion was observed.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84447434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-17DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010020
Shi Dongpo, Yin Xianqing, Zheng Yan-cheng, Chen Wu, Fu Jiaxin, Ren Zhaohua
A green, efficient epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) catalyzed by (2-hydroxypropyl)--cyclodextrin (2-hp--CD) in aqueous solution has been investigated in detail. A range of alkenes were epoxidized at ambient temperature with high yields.
{"title":"Transition Metal-free Epoxidation of Alkenes Based on the Existence of (2- hydroxypropyl)-β-CD","authors":"Shi Dongpo, Yin Xianqing, Zheng Yan-cheng, Chen Wu, Fu Jiaxin, Ren Zhaohua","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010020","url":null,"abstract":"A green, efficient epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) catalyzed by (2-hydroxypropyl)--cyclodextrin (2-hp--CD) in aqueous solution has been investigated in detail. A range of alkenes were epoxidized at ambient temperature with high yields.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85441651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-17DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010025
Liu Changsuo, Xing Liting, W. Liyan, Zhang Fengjuan, L. Bo
The shallow salt groundwater is widely distributed in North Shandong, which makes it difficult for people and livestock to drink daily. In addtion, the genetic mechanism of shallow salt groundwater is complicated. The study was carried out in Xiyan Village of Jiyang County, it choosed the silt buried in 3-9 m depth, shallow salt groundwater and atmospheric precipitation as test materials to measure chemical composition of groundwater. Base on soluble salt test, rain-saltwater mixing test and rain-saltwater-silt mixing test, ions component of mixture were measured, the hydrogeochemical action process of WRI was analyzed and formation-evolution of inland saltwater was deepened knowledge. It is shown that (1) The occurrence threshold of WRI was 20%, which was the volume of saltwater in mixture. (2) When the rainwater, saltwater and silt were mixed together for 12 hours, calcite and dolomite precipitated, halite and gypsum were in dissolved state. When the volume of saltwater in mixture was larger than 20%, gypsum was closed to saturation, the main cation exchange was Mg-Na, the exchange of Ca-Na was in the second place; The order for anion adsorption amount of aquifer medium was SO4 2- > HCO3 - >Cl - . The study proves that groundwater circulation is slow and continual, some hydrochemical actions (i.e. ion exchange, adsorption, mineral dissolution or precipitation, and strong evaporation-concentration) are happened during the evolution process of inland shallow groundwater. All these will lead to ClSO4-MgNa type salt or slight salt water with TDS being larger than 2g·L -1 .
{"title":"Mixing Experimental Study on Water-rock Interaction (WRI) in the Inland Shallow Salt Groundwater Area","authors":"Liu Changsuo, Xing Liting, W. Liyan, Zhang Fengjuan, L. Bo","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010025","url":null,"abstract":"The shallow salt groundwater is widely distributed in North Shandong, which makes it difficult for people and livestock to drink daily. In addtion, the genetic mechanism of shallow salt groundwater is complicated. The study was carried out in Xiyan Village of Jiyang County, it choosed the silt buried in 3-9 m depth, shallow salt groundwater and atmospheric precipitation as test materials to measure chemical composition of groundwater. Base on soluble salt test, rain-saltwater mixing test and rain-saltwater-silt mixing test, ions component of mixture were measured, the hydrogeochemical action process of WRI was analyzed and formation-evolution of inland saltwater was deepened knowledge. It is shown that (1) The occurrence threshold of WRI was 20%, which was the volume of saltwater in mixture. (2) When the rainwater, saltwater and silt were mixed together for 12 hours, calcite and dolomite precipitated, halite and gypsum were in dissolved state. When the volume of saltwater in mixture was larger than 20%, gypsum was closed to saturation, the main cation exchange was Mg-Na, the exchange of Ca-Na was in the second place; The order for anion adsorption amount of aquifer medium was SO4 2- > HCO3 - >Cl - . The study proves that groundwater circulation is slow and continual, some hydrochemical actions (i.e. ion exchange, adsorption, mineral dissolution or precipitation, and strong evaporation-concentration) are happened during the evolution process of inland shallow groundwater. All these will lead to ClSO4-MgNa type salt or slight salt water with TDS being larger than 2g·L -1 .","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83360642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-17DOI: 10.2174/1874123101509010014
Yinxin Zhang, Zhang Jishi, M. Yi
Brewerys spent grain (BSG) and sewage sludge (SS) were used as raw material at the temperature from 400°C to 700 °C and limited oxygen (O2 600°C > 500°C >400°C increased from 6.0 to 10.1. FT-IR results showed: BC rich in carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl which were surface oxygen functional groups. Electron microscope scanning (EMS) analysis results indicated: when the temperature was 400°C, the surface of BC formed tiny holes, but was fuzzy; with the pyrolysis temperature increasing, plug of the hole opened and walls became thinner. BC adsorption results showed: under same pyrolysis temperature, adsorption effects were best under the proportion of SS 80% for ammonia-nitrogen, 100% for phosphorus-containing wastewater, and 10% for chromium (VI) wastewater. BC prepared under higher temperature had the better removal effect for wastewater.
{"title":"Preparation and Application of Biochar from Brewery`s Spent Grain and Sewage Sludge","authors":"Yinxin Zhang, Zhang Jishi, M. Yi","doi":"10.2174/1874123101509010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010014","url":null,"abstract":"Brewerys spent grain (BSG) and sewage sludge (SS) were used as raw material at the temperature from 400°C to 700 °C and limited oxygen (O2 600°C > 500°C >400°C increased from 6.0 to 10.1. FT-IR results showed: BC rich in carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl which were surface oxygen functional groups. Electron microscope scanning (EMS) analysis results indicated: when the temperature was 400°C, the surface of BC formed tiny holes, but was fuzzy; with the pyrolysis temperature increasing, plug of the hole opened and walls became thinner. BC adsorption results showed: under same pyrolysis temperature, adsorption effects were best under the proportion of SS 80% for ammonia-nitrogen, 100% for phosphorus-containing wastewater, and 10% for chromium (VI) wastewater. BC prepared under higher temperature had the better removal effect for wastewater.","PeriodicalId":22933,"journal":{"name":"The Open Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86652971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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