Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8001
Madiha Fayyaz, Bushra Babar, Somayya Siddiqa, N. Malik, Sumaiya Javed, Saba Mushtaq
Objective: To determine mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) values in normal newborns and compare mean Spo2 values between term and preterm infants. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital Lahore. Period: March 2023 to November 2023. Material & Methods: The study involved 100 neonates from operation theatre and labor room. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Immediately after birth, pulse oximeter was applied and serial monitoring of oxygen saturation was carried out starting at 1 minute and recording values after every 1 minute till 10 minutes of life. Results: There were 50% male and 50% female neonates. The average SpO2 values were 76.13±10.41 at first minute, 89.68±6.62 at 5 minutes & 95.84±3.65 at 10 minutes of life. Mean SpO2 was significantly high in term babies as compared to preterm babies at one minute and 5 minutes. However there was no significant difference in mean SpO2 at 10 minutes in term and preterm babies. Conclusion: The process of transition to normal postnatal oxygen saturation requires more than 5 minutes in healthy newborns. In healthy term newborn, oxygen saturation rises slowly. SpO2 monitoring may help identifying the infants requiring resuscitation to avoid overexposure to high supplemental oxygen after birth. Many newborns have SpO2 <90% during the first 5 minutes of life. This should be considered when choosing SpO2 targets for infants treated with supplemental oxygen in the delivery room.
{"title":"Comparison of oxygen saturation values between term and pre-term neonates.","authors":"Madiha Fayyaz, Bushra Babar, Somayya Siddiqa, N. Malik, Sumaiya Javed, Saba Mushtaq","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) values in normal newborns and compare mean Spo2 values between term and preterm infants. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital Lahore. Period: March 2023 to November 2023. Material & Methods: The study involved 100 neonates from operation theatre and labor room. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Immediately after birth, pulse oximeter was applied and serial monitoring of oxygen saturation was carried out starting at 1 minute and recording values after every 1 minute till 10 minutes of life. Results: There were 50% male and 50% female neonates. The average SpO2 values were 76.13±10.41 at first minute, 89.68±6.62 at 5 minutes & 95.84±3.65 at 10 minutes of life. Mean SpO2 was significantly high in term babies as compared to preterm babies at one minute and 5 minutes. However there was no significant difference in mean SpO2 at 10 minutes in term and preterm babies. Conclusion: The process of transition to normal postnatal oxygen saturation requires more than 5 minutes in healthy newborns. In healthy term newborn, oxygen saturation rises slowly. SpO2 monitoring may help identifying the infants requiring resuscitation to avoid overexposure to high supplemental oxygen after birth. Many newborns have SpO2 <90% during the first 5 minutes of life. This should be considered when choosing SpO2 targets for infants treated with supplemental oxygen in the delivery room.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"22 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the prevalence of exchange transfusion requirement and identify risk factors associated with exchange transfusion in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: January 2022 to December 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 136 neonates, from 28 weeks of gestation to 28 days of life after birth, with severe pathological hyperbilirubinemia, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and or who had signs of kernicterus were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients were then divided in to two groups based on exchange transfusion received or not. SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: A total of 136 neonates were recruited, out of which 57% (n=78) were male and 43% (n=58) were female. The average gestational age was 36.6 ± 1.9 weeks. 111 (82%) neonates were term, while 25 (18%) were preterm. The average age of the study population was 6.0±3.3 days, with a mean weight of 2.7 ± 0.7 kg. The average STB level was 20.8 ± 5.5 mg/dl. 64.7% (n=88) required exchange transfusion were belonged to group-A, while 35.3 %(n=48) without exchange transfusion were in group-B. The burden of disease was calculated to be 64.7%. Polycythemia, ABO and Rh incompatibility were identified as significant risk factors for ET (p<0.05). Conclusion: The burden of disease was 64.7%. Exchange transfusion was required in the majority of neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The identified risk factors for the requirement of exchange transfusion in neonates were polycythemia, ABO and Rh incompatibility.
{"title":"Risk factors for exchange transfusion in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: A tertiary care hospital study.","authors":"Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Sidrah Yousaf, Uzma Abid, Sughra Zulfiqar, Tehreem Fatima, Ayesha Afzal","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7807","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of exchange transfusion requirement and identify risk factors associated with exchange transfusion in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: January 2022 to December 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 136 neonates, from 28 weeks of gestation to 28 days of life after birth, with severe pathological hyperbilirubinemia, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and or who had signs of kernicterus were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients were then divided in to two groups based on exchange transfusion received or not. SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: A total of 136 neonates were recruited, out of which 57% (n=78) were male and 43% (n=58) were female. The average gestational age was 36.6 ± 1.9 weeks. 111 (82%) neonates were term, while 25 (18%) were preterm. The average age of the study population was 6.0±3.3 days, with a mean weight of 2.7 ± 0.7 kg. The average STB level was 20.8 ± 5.5 mg/dl. 64.7% (n=88) required exchange transfusion were belonged to group-A, while 35.3 %(n=48) without exchange transfusion were in group-B. The burden of disease was calculated to be 64.7%. Polycythemia, ABO and Rh incompatibility were identified as significant risk factors for ET (p<0.05). Conclusion: The burden of disease was 64.7%. Exchange transfusion was required in the majority of neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The identified risk factors for the requirement of exchange transfusion in neonates were polycythemia, ABO and Rh incompatibility.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.5218
R. Sabir, Saima Askari, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, A. Basit
Objective: To evaluate Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in people with type 2 diabetes and its relationship with glycemic control. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Demographic, Clinical and Biochemical Data were retrieved from hospital management system of BIDE. Period: September 2018 to April 2019. Material & Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of BIDE. Based on the HbA1c values, patients were divided into two groups, HbA1c < 7.0% and HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. RDW calculated from RBC histogram in Nihon Kohden fully automated analyzer. Results: RDW found 13.9±1.88 and 13.57±1.64 (p-value 0.018) in good and poorly controlled glycemic groups respectively. Poor glycemic group had higher levels of white cell count (9.58±4.34) and Triglycerides (170.12±129.13) (p-value <0.05), whereas controlled glycemic group demonstrated higher levels of BMI (29.03±6.01), MCV (84.36±7.81) and HDL (33.75±12.31). RDW was directly correlated with gender (p-value <0.0001) and duration of diabetes (p-value 0.01), and showed significant and inverse correlation with HbA1c. Age, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, serum LDL cholesterol, and the CBC values demonstrated no significant differences between the both groups. Conclusion: We found significant correlation between RDW and glycemic control.
{"title":"Association between Red cells distribution width and glycemic control among people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"R. Sabir, Saima Askari, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, A. Basit","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.5218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.5218","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in people with type 2 diabetes and its relationship with glycemic control. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Demographic, Clinical and Biochemical Data were retrieved from hospital management system of BIDE. Period: September 2018 to April 2019. Material & Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of BIDE. Based on the HbA1c values, patients were divided into two groups, HbA1c < 7.0% and HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. RDW calculated from RBC histogram in Nihon Kohden fully automated analyzer. Results: RDW found 13.9±1.88 and 13.57±1.64 (p-value 0.018) in good and poorly controlled glycemic groups respectively. Poor glycemic group had higher levels of white cell count (9.58±4.34) and Triglycerides (170.12±129.13) (p-value <0.05), whereas controlled glycemic group demonstrated higher levels of BMI (29.03±6.01), MCV (84.36±7.81) and HDL (33.75±12.31). RDW was directly correlated with gender (p-value <0.0001) and duration of diabetes (p-value 0.01), and showed significant and inverse correlation with HbA1c. Age, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, serum LDL cholesterol, and the CBC values demonstrated no significant differences between the both groups. Conclusion: We found significant correlation between RDW and glycemic control.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7711
Waqas Iqbal, U. Tariq, Safiya Javed, Surwaich Ali Channa, Aswad Ahmed, Arhama Surwaich
Objective: To estimate the efficacy of the Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain, Giemsa stain, and Papanicolaou for the screening of potentially malignant lesions by exfoliative cytology. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Isra Dental College, Faculty of Dentistry and Allied Sciences Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: 1st February 2022 to 31st January 2023. Material & Methods: A total of 90 participants were enrolled in the study, 30 subjects of normal healthy individuals were categorized in Group-I and 60 patients with diagnosed potentially malignant lesions (Oral submucous Fibrosis, Oral Lichen Planus, and Leukoplakia) were categorized in Group II. Participants were advised to rinse their mouth with water and the sample was taken by moving a brush clockwise and anti-clockwise over mucosa and the surface of the lesion. Three smears were prepared from each sample, one was fixed with biofix spray and stained with Papanicolaou stain, and other two smears were air-dried and stained with Leishman Giemsa and Giemsa stain. Stained slides were observed under a microscope and the slides were interpreted. Results: In Group-I Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain was highly significant compared to Papanicolaou and Giemsa stain, the mean value of the Leishman Giemsa cytoplasmic stain was 1.16, Papanicolaou was 1.0 and Giemsa was 0.52. Whereas in group II, the mean score of cytoplasmic staining of the Leishman Giemsa cocktail was 1.16, Papanicolaou was 1.10 and Giemsa was 0.67. There was no significant difference found in the mean score of cytoplasmic staining of Group-I and Group II respectively. Conclusion: According to current research study results, the Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain is a better staining technique for the screening of potentially malignant lesions along with the Papanicolaou stain.
{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of Leishman–Giemsa Cocktail Stain, Giemsa Stain, and Papanicolaou Stain in Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Waqas Iqbal, U. Tariq, Safiya Javed, Surwaich Ali Channa, Aswad Ahmed, Arhama Surwaich","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7711","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the efficacy of the Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain, Giemsa stain, and Papanicolaou for the screening of potentially malignant lesions by exfoliative cytology. Study Design: Comparative study. Setting: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Isra Dental College, Faculty of Dentistry and Allied Sciences Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: 1st February 2022 to 31st January 2023. Material & Methods: A total of 90 participants were enrolled in the study, 30 subjects of normal healthy individuals were categorized in Group-I and 60 patients with diagnosed potentially malignant lesions (Oral submucous Fibrosis, Oral Lichen Planus, and Leukoplakia) were categorized in Group II. Participants were advised to rinse their mouth with water and the sample was taken by moving a brush clockwise and anti-clockwise over mucosa and the surface of the lesion. Three smears were prepared from each sample, one was fixed with biofix spray and stained with Papanicolaou stain, and other two smears were air-dried and stained with Leishman Giemsa and Giemsa stain. Stained slides were observed under a microscope and the slides were interpreted. Results: In Group-I Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain was highly significant compared to Papanicolaou and Giemsa stain, the mean value of the Leishman Giemsa cytoplasmic stain was 1.16, Papanicolaou was 1.0 and Giemsa was 0.52. Whereas in group II, the mean score of cytoplasmic staining of the Leishman Giemsa cocktail was 1.16, Papanicolaou was 1.10 and Giemsa was 0.67. There was no significant difference found in the mean score of cytoplasmic staining of Group-I and Group II respectively. Conclusion: According to current research study results, the Leishman Giemsa cocktail stain is a better staining technique for the screening of potentially malignant lesions along with the Papanicolaou stain.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8071
Pashmal Yousaf, Hafiz Muhammad, Muhammad Arif Javed
Primary appendicitis presenting in left side is uncommon. Diagnosis is dependent on index of suspicion which is high. We present to you a case of left-sided appendicitis. Appendix was visualized as a long, tubular, edematous, inflamed structure in left lower quadrant with the whole of the colon present in the same region. Commuted tomography is useful in providing accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in detecting rotational abnormalities.
{"title":"Open appendectomy for left sided acute appendicitis in a young patient with situs inversus totalis.","authors":"Pashmal Yousaf, Hafiz Muhammad, Muhammad Arif Javed","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8071","url":null,"abstract":"Primary appendicitis presenting in left side is uncommon. Diagnosis is dependent on index of suspicion which is high. We present to you a case of left-sided appendicitis. Appendix was visualized as a long, tubular, edematous, inflamed structure in left lower quadrant with the whole of the colon present in the same region. Commuted tomography is useful in providing accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in detecting rotational abnormalities. ","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"99 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8083
Asma Bibi, Rida Fatima Waseem, Saima Azam, S. Ayub, Aqeela Majeed, Qurat Ul Ain
Objective: To identify the challenges faced by final year dental students and house officers while performing endodontic treatment. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Multicenter study. Setting: Involving Dental Colleges of Twin Cities Dental Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi including Islamabad Dental Hospital, Islamic International Dental Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences and Margalla Institute of Health Sciences. Period: June 2023 to December 2023. Material & Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 263 participants. The inclusion criteria was final year dental students and house officers who had completed their mandatory rotation in endodontics department and performed root canal treatment with conventional methods. A structured questionnaire consisting of five sections containing patient management, access opening, working length determination, cleaning and shaping procedure and obturation was constructed. Google forms were sent to the participants after sample size was calculated with WHO calculator. Data was analyzed through Google forms. Results: The current study shows that majority of the participants faced difficulties in the patient management and obturation procedure. The overall most common difficulty encountered was rubber dam application (44.1%) followed by accessory GP bending during obturation (42%), apex locator use (39.4%), and canal orifice location (39.8%). Conclusion: The students and house officers are facing multiple difficulties in performing root canal treatment independently. Therefore there is a need to focus more on the training of students and house officers in their endodontic department rotation.
{"title":"Challenges faced by final year dental students and house officers while performing endodontic treatment.","authors":"Asma Bibi, Rida Fatima Waseem, Saima Azam, S. Ayub, Aqeela Majeed, Qurat Ul Ain","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8083","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the challenges faced by final year dental students and house officers while performing endodontic treatment. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Multicenter study. Setting: Involving Dental Colleges of Twin Cities Dental Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi including Islamabad Dental Hospital, Islamic International Dental Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences and Margalla Institute of Health Sciences. Period: June 2023 to December 2023. Material & Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 263 participants. The inclusion criteria was final year dental students and house officers who had completed their mandatory rotation in endodontics department and performed root canal treatment with conventional methods. A structured questionnaire consisting of five sections containing patient management, access opening, working length determination, cleaning and shaping procedure and obturation was constructed. Google forms were sent to the participants after sample size was calculated with WHO calculator. Data was analyzed through Google forms. Results: The current study shows that majority of the participants faced difficulties in the patient management and obturation procedure. The overall most common difficulty encountered was rubber dam application (44.1%) followed by accessory GP bending during obturation (42%), apex locator use (39.4%), and canal orifice location (39.8%). Conclusion: The students and house officers are facing multiple difficulties in performing root canal treatment independently. Therefore there is a need to focus more on the training of students and house officers in their endodontic department rotation.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7934
Hina Rajani, Misbah Anjum
Objective: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between malnourished and healthy children using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health and The Hashmani’s Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: January 2023 to June 2023. Material & Methods: Twenty-two malnourished children of either gender, aged between 5-12 years, with no ocular findings, and another 22 healthy children of either gender with relatively similar age, with no ocular findings were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements including height and weight were performed and Z-score were calculated. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The SD-OCT was employed to record thickness of the RNFL. Results: In a total of 44 children, there were 22 (50.0%) boys and 22 (50.0%) girls. The mean age was 9.30±2.93 years (ranging between 5 to 12 years). The mean BMI Z-score was -1.01±2.11. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced in children with malnutrition (p<0.001). Children with malnutrition were having significantly decreased superonasal (110.27±19.26 vs. 125.32±17.49, p=0.010), and infernonasal (112.86±21.04 vs. 132.00±31.53, p=0.023) RNFL. Correlation of body mass index (BMI) Z-Scores with parameters of RNFL thickness showed a significantly positive relationship with global scores (p=0.031). Conclusion: Our study using SD-OCT revealed that malnourished children exhibited decreased thickness of RNFL compared to healthy children. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between BMI Z-scores and global RNFL thickness scores.
{"title":"Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between malnourished and healthy children using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Hina Rajani, Misbah Anjum","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7934","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between malnourished and healthy children using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Child Health and The Hashmani’s Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: January 2023 to June 2023. Material & Methods: Twenty-two malnourished children of either gender, aged between 5-12 years, with no ocular findings, and another 22 healthy children of either gender with relatively similar age, with no ocular findings were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements including height and weight were performed and Z-score were calculated. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The SD-OCT was employed to record thickness of the RNFL. Results: In a total of 44 children, there were 22 (50.0%) boys and 22 (50.0%) girls. The mean age was 9.30±2.93 years (ranging between 5 to 12 years). The mean BMI Z-score was -1.01±2.11. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced in children with malnutrition (p<0.001). Children with malnutrition were having significantly decreased superonasal (110.27±19.26 vs. 125.32±17.49, p=0.010), and infernonasal (112.86±21.04 vs. 132.00±31.53, p=0.023) RNFL. Correlation of body mass index (BMI) Z-Scores with parameters of RNFL thickness showed a significantly positive relationship with global scores (p=0.031). Conclusion: Our study using SD-OCT revealed that malnourished children exhibited decreased thickness of RNFL compared to healthy children. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between BMI Z-scores and global RNFL thickness scores.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7833
Mahvesh Mahmud, Maryam Anwar, Hassan Mansoor, Muhammad Farrukh, Abbas Awan, M. Pervaiz, Khurram Baqai
Objective: To identify the risk factors for nephrolithiasis among all patients found to have nephrolithiasis on renal sonography. The study will help us report the incidence of renal stones in this area, and as they cause significant morbidity and high costs of healthcare, and guide towards the introduction of public health measures to reduce the incidence of nephrolithiasis. Study Design: Descriptive, Questionnaire Based Cross-sectional study. Setting: Watim General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: Jul 1st, 2023 to Sep 30th, 2023. Material & Methods: The data of all adult patients who underwent renal sonography and were documented to have nephrolithiasis was obtained through physician administered questionnaires from the ultrasound department records. Data was then entered and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16. Results: Data was collected on 115 patients, of these, 57% were males. 48% of the patients were aged between 18-30 years of age. 54% of the patients belonged to lower socio-economic class. 55% of them had low water intake, and 81% consumed non-purified water. 51% patients also had a positive family history. 81% of the patients had less intake of citrus fruits and 37% of them never exercised. Conclusion: Many significant risk factors were assessed. Awareness campaigns and preventive health measures should be implemented addressing the critical risk factors. This will help decrease the burden on patients, and on the health care system.
{"title":"Assessment of risk factors for nephrolithiasis in Rawat.","authors":"Mahvesh Mahmud, Maryam Anwar, Hassan Mansoor, Muhammad Farrukh, Abbas Awan, M. Pervaiz, Khurram Baqai","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7833","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the risk factors for nephrolithiasis among all patients found to have nephrolithiasis on renal sonography. The study will help us report the incidence of renal stones in this area, and as they cause significant morbidity and high costs of healthcare, and guide towards the introduction of public health measures to reduce the incidence of nephrolithiasis. Study Design: Descriptive, Questionnaire Based Cross-sectional study. Setting: Watim General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: Jul 1st, 2023 to Sep 30th, 2023. Material & Methods: The data of all adult patients who underwent renal sonography and were documented to have nephrolithiasis was obtained through physician administered questionnaires from the ultrasound department records. Data was then entered and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16. Results: Data was collected on 115 patients, of these, 57% were males. 48% of the patients were aged between 18-30 years of age. 54% of the patients belonged to lower socio-economic class. 55% of them had low water intake, and 81% consumed non-purified water. 51% patients also had a positive family history. 81% of the patients had less intake of citrus fruits and 37% of them never exercised. Conclusion: Many significant risk factors were assessed. Awareness campaigns and preventive health measures should be implemented addressing the critical risk factors. This will help decrease the burden on patients, and on the health care system.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7783
Muhammad Owais Fazal, Ghulam Abbas, Yasir Yaqoob, M. Musharraf, Syed Kamal Hussain
Objectives: To compare the mean reduction in postprandial plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) to those not using dietary fibre (psyllium husk) and on standard treatment. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 30th November 2022 to 29th May 2023. Material & Methods: A total of 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders, age >18 to 60 years, diagnosed with DM for more than two years, were selected. Patients undergoing insulin therapy, history of DSF allergy, gastrointestinal surgery, and pregnant or lactating women were excluded. Group A received soluble ffibre10.5 g daily for 12 weeks of intervention and standard medications oforDM. Postprandial glucose was checked after 2 hours of meal. In comparison, Group B did not receive any food supplements throughout the intervention period and continued regular diets. The outcome of Blood samples was obtained in terms of mean reduction in postprandial glucose. Results: Mean reduction in Postprandial glucose in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) was 14.33 ± 2.04 mmol/l, and in those who are not using dietary fibre (psyllium husk) and on standard treatment, it was 10.83 ± 1.95 mmol/l (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study concluded that the mean reduction in Postprandial glucose in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) is relatively high.
{"title":"The postprandial glucose-lowering effect of dietary fiber (Psyllium Husk) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Muhammad Owais Fazal, Ghulam Abbas, Yasir Yaqoob, M. Musharraf, Syed Kamal Hussain","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.7783","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare the mean reduction in postprandial plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) to those not using dietary fibre (psyllium husk) and on standard treatment. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 30th November 2022 to 29th May 2023. Material & Methods: A total of 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders, age >18 to 60 years, diagnosed with DM for more than two years, were selected. Patients undergoing insulin therapy, history of DSF allergy, gastrointestinal surgery, and pregnant or lactating women were excluded. Group A received soluble ffibre10.5 g daily for 12 weeks of intervention and standard medications oforDM. Postprandial glucose was checked after 2 hours of meal. In comparison, Group B did not receive any food supplements throughout the intervention period and continued regular diets. The outcome of Blood samples was obtained in terms of mean reduction in postprandial glucose. Results: Mean reduction in Postprandial glucose in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) was 14.33 ± 2.04 mmol/l, and in those who are not using dietary fibre (psyllium husk) and on standard treatment, it was 10.83 ± 1.95 mmol/l (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study concluded that the mean reduction in Postprandial glucose in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by dietary fibre (psyllium husk) is relatively high.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"61 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8008
Huma Liaqat, Muhammad Salman Aamir, Shahida Perveen, Saba Samreen, Haris Gul, B. Salim, Dr. Muhammad Salman, Aamir House, Alamzeb Amir
Objective: To figure out correlation between neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship with the disease severity. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Rheumatology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Period: July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Material & Methods: Study population included rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilling American college for rheumatology criteria. On the basis of disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), the subjects were categorised into active and remission groups. The control group consisted of healthy age and gender matched subjects. Relationship between neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio with disease activity was analyzed. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: 140 patients with RA were evaluated along with 70 healthy control subjects. NLR was higher in active RA (1.99±0.84) as compared to RA with remission (1.76±0.41) and controls (1.77±0.79). p value<0.05 was obtained which was statistically significant. NLR is significantly correlated with CDAI and SDAI (r=0.24, p=0.04 each). CRP and ESR were also significantly higher in active RA patients compared to those in remission (p<0.005 and p<0.00 respectively) and control group. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a measure derived from a simple blood test. An elevated NLR is often considered an indicator of systemic inflammation. High NLR values may suggest increased inflammation and immune system activation, which are key features of RA. NLR may serve as a less expensive and easily accessible marker to detect inflammation in RA. It can be utilized in future as disease assessment tool.
{"title":"Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Huma Liaqat, Muhammad Salman Aamir, Shahida Perveen, Saba Samreen, Haris Gul, B. Salim, Dr. Muhammad Salman, Aamir House, Alamzeb Amir","doi":"10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.03.8008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To figure out correlation between neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship with the disease severity. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Rheumatology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Period: July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Material & Methods: Study population included rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilling American college for rheumatology criteria. On the basis of disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), the subjects were categorised into active and remission groups. The control group consisted of healthy age and gender matched subjects. Relationship between neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio with disease activity was analyzed. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: 140 patients with RA were evaluated along with 70 healthy control subjects. NLR was higher in active RA (1.99±0.84) as compared to RA with remission (1.76±0.41) and controls (1.77±0.79). p value<0.05 was obtained which was statistically significant. NLR is significantly correlated with CDAI and SDAI (r=0.24, p=0.04 each). CRP and ESR were also significantly higher in active RA patients compared to those in remission (p<0.005 and p<0.00 respectively) and control group. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a measure derived from a simple blood test. An elevated NLR is often considered an indicator of systemic inflammation. High NLR values may suggest increased inflammation and immune system activation, which are key features of RA. NLR may serve as a less expensive and easily accessible marker to detect inflammation in RA. It can be utilized in future as disease assessment tool.","PeriodicalId":22991,"journal":{"name":"The professional medical journal","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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