Solar RRL最新文献

Perovskite Solar Cells

Thionicotinamide as a multifunctional Lewis base additive passivates defect states and reduces non-radiative recombination in lead halide perovskite films by coordinating with unsaturated Pb atoms via pyridine, amino, and S group. This reduces grain boundary defects, improves crystallinity and power conversion efficiency, leading to enhanced device stability. More in article number 2400589, Rajiv K. Singh and co-workers.

Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

In article number 2400518, Eun Duck Park, Jong Hyeok Park, Oh Shim Joo, and co-workers introduce a CuInS₂ photoelectrode synthesized by a scalable wet chemical spin-coating technique. Ag doping greatly spurred the grain growth of CuInS₂, resulting in high photoelectrochemical activity. Bias-free water splitting was demonstrated in a photovoltaic–photoelectrochemical cell, showing the potential of this approach for efficient hydrogen production.

Perovskite Solar Cells

Chiral-modified graphene quantum dots, with their distinctive twisted structures, are integrated into perovskite solar cells to significantly enhance charge extraction and effectively minimize nonradiative recombination, leading to superior efficiency under diverse lighting conditions. More in article number 2400367, Shujuan Huang, Dong Jun Kim, Jincheol Kim, and co-workers.

Organo-lead-halide perovskites are promising materials for solar cell applications with efficiencies now exceeding 26% for single junction, and over 33% for silicon tandem devices. Evaporation has proven viable for industrial scale-up but presents challenges for perovskite materials. Perovskite precursor is introduced into self-assembling MeO-2PACz hole transport layers for application to 4 source perovskite coevaporation. This allows precursors that can be difficult to add via evaporation, like methylammonium chloride. These precursor molecules influence growth during evaporation, film behavior during annealing as measured by photoluminescence, and aid the conversion to perovskite as shown by X-Ray diffraction. Devices have improved power conversion efficiency and stability compared to a control sample within the same evaporation. The best cells reach ≈21% efficiency and comparable performing ≈20% cells maintain their original efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power tracking at 25 °C. This process provides significant process flexibility for perovskite evaporation and requires no additional steps.

Solar Concentrator

In article number 2400273, Peter Jomo Walla and co-workers developed a highly efficient luminescent solar concentrator with photostable nanoparticles. Pools of nanodots harvest sunlight and funnel it to aligned nanorods, which emit light in distinct directions, greatly reducing reabsorption and escape cone losses.

Herein, a multi-scale simulation approach to quantify the impact of nonuniformities in cell-level performance on the photovoltaic characteristics of monolithically interconnected large-area all-perovskite tandem modules under partial shading conditions is presented, addressing a crucial aspect of the up-scaling challenge for this promising photovoltaic technology. To this end, current–voltage characteristics of small-area all-perovskite tandem solar cells are obtained for dark and illuminated cases from a calibrated optoelectronic device model using drift–diffusion simulation coupled to a quantum transport formalism for the band-to-band tunneling underlying the Zener breakdown. These current–voltage curves are computed for varying density of mobile ions and subsequently used as local 1D coupling laws connecting the 2D electrodes in a quasi-3D large-area finite-element simulation approach that then provides the module characteristics under consideration of spatial variation in active area quality related to mobile ion density. The simulation reveals the appearance of localized current hot spots for the case where the shaded cell is strongly reverse biased.

A multifaceted characterization approach is proposed, aiming to establish a link between nanoscale electrical properties and macroscale device characteristics. Current–voltage (I–V) measurements are combined with admittance spectroscopy (AS) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) for the analysis of charge-related performance losses with time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry to complete the understanding of ionic motion in the device. This is applied to the study of surface treatment in perovskite solar cells, which implements several strategies to improve band alignment, perovskite grain growth, and chemical passivation. An increase of both open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and fill factor of respectively 90 mV and 11% is shown after surface treatment, with an absolute efficiency increase of 4%. AS measurements, coupled with a lumped elements model, rule out the impact of transport layers as the origin of the performance improvement, rather pointing toward a reduction in ionic resistance in the perovskite bulk. Analysis of the DLTS response yields an activation energy of 0.41 eV, which is likely related to the same ionic mechanism discovered with AS. Finally, both of these techniques enable to show that the surface treatment main contribution is to reduce ion-related recombination of charge carriers.

In applications that utilize detailed solar resource assessments with high-resolution topography data, calculating the topographic horizon is critical for accurate shading calculations. In particular, the horizon calculation significantly influences the time needed to model solar irradiation in integrated photovoltaic applications. The new approximate horizon algorithm was developed to balance accuracy and computation time. This study evaluates the algorithm's performance in modeling vehicle- and building-integrated photovoltaics, considering the impact of surface orientation and elevation. It is demonstrated that the proposed horizon algorithm achieves the same level of accuracy four times faster than previously known approaches for vehicle-integrated applications. Moreover, for building-integrated applications, the proposed approach performs better at elevations higher than 10 m on facades and roofs. Finally, the impact of maximum sampling distance on irradiation for high- and low-resolutions topography is studied.

Defect passivation inside the crystal lattice and the grain-boundary (GB) surface of the perovskite films has become the most effective strategy to suppress the negative impact of the nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cell. In this study, a unique approach to effectively passivate the defect states of MAPbI₃ perovskite thin film using thionicotinamide (TNM) as a multifunctional Lewis base additive is demonstrated. TNM as an additive with three different types of Lewis base sites, i.e., pyridine, amino, and CS functional groups, is introduced to mitigate the trap states in the TNM-modified perovskite films and thoroughly investigate the passivation defects. The nonbonded electron of the three different Lewis base sites can synergistically passivate the antisite lead (Pb) defects and improve the stability of the device. In addition, the NH₂ group can form ionic bonds with negatively charged I– ions and inhibit ion migration caused by them. It is found that such passivation effect of TNM reduces the GB defects and improves the crystallinity significantly. As a result, a champion TNM-modified device shows an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.26% from 16.86% along with enhanced open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and negligible hysteresis.