Antimony selenosulfide Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 is featured as a stable, environment-friendly, and low-cost light-harvesting material with a tunable bandgap in the range of 1.1–1.8 eV, satisfying the requirement of indoor photovoltaics (IPVs). Up to now, the certified efficiency of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 solar cell with 1.45 eV bandgap has broken 10% under standard illumination (AM1.5G). However, this bandgap is not suitable for IPVs in terms of spectral matching. Herein, for the first time, the effect of optical bandgap of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 on photovoltaic performance of the devices under AM1.5G and indoor light conditions is studied systematically. It is discovered that although an appropriate Se/S atomic ratio is beneficial for improving the crystallinity of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 film and passivating the trap states, the band gap remains a key factor in determining the suitability of this material for IPVs. As a result, solar cells based on Sb2S3 with a large bandgap of 1.74 eV achieve an optimal efficiency of 20.34% under 1000 lux indoor illumination. Moreover, a high IPV efficiency of over 16% can still be maintained within a wide bandgap range from 1.5 to 1.7 eV, demonstrating the great potential of Sb-based chalcogenide as a light-harvesting material for IPVs.
{"title":"Band Gap Adjustable Antimony Selenosulfide Indoor Photovoltaics with 20% Efficiency","authors":"Huihui Gao, Jianyu Li, Xiaoqi Peng, Yuqian Huang, Qi Zhao, Haolin Wang, Ting Wu, Shuwei Sheng, Rongfeng Tang, Tao Chen","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400389","DOIUrl":"10.1002/solr.202400389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimony selenosulfide Sb<sub>2</sub>(S<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub> is featured as a stable, environment-friendly, and low-cost light-harvesting material with a tunable bandgap in the range of 1.1–1.8 eV, satisfying the requirement of indoor photovoltaics (IPVs). Up to now, the certified efficiency of Sb<sub>2</sub>(S<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub> solar cell with 1.45 eV bandgap has broken 10% under standard illumination (AM1.5G). However, this bandgap is not suitable for IPVs in terms of spectral matching. Herein, for the first time, the effect of optical bandgap of Sb<sub>2</sub>(S<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub> on photovoltaic performance of the devices under AM1.5G and indoor light conditions is studied systematically. It is discovered that although an appropriate Se/S atomic ratio is beneficial for improving the crystallinity of Sb<sub>2</sub>(S<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub> film and passivating the trap states, the band gap remains a key factor in determining the suitability of this material for IPVs. As a result, solar cells based on Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> with a large bandgap of 1.74 eV achieve an optimal efficiency of 20.34% under 1000 lux indoor illumination. Moreover, a high IPV efficiency of over 16% can still be maintained within a wide bandgap range from 1.5 to 1.7 eV, demonstrating the great potential of Sb-based chalcogenide as a light-harvesting material for IPVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In article number 2400172, Aamir Saeed, Liang Wang, Qingqing Miao give a comprehensive overview of the latest progress on wide bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with traditional narrow band gap cells such as silicon, perovskite, copper-indium-gallium-selenide, organic solar cells, cadmium telluride, and quantum dots. This review outlines the primary obstacles obstructing commercialization and elucidates the promising strategies that address these challenges, thus leading to the fabrication of state-of-the-art photovoltaics. The cover illustrates the harmonious unity of the universe, solar energy, the typical next generation solar cell technology based on PSCs.
{"title":"High-Performance Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advancement, Challenges, and Steps toward Industrialization","authors":"Aamir Saeed, Liang Wang, Qingqing Miao","doi":"10.1002/solr.202470171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202470171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Perovskite Solar Cells</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400172, Aamir Saeed, Liang Wang, Qingqing Miao give a comprehensive overview of the latest progress on wide bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with traditional narrow band gap cells such as silicon, perovskite, copper-indium-gallium-selenide, organic solar cells, cadmium telluride, and quantum dots. This review outlines the primary obstacles obstructing commercialization and elucidates the promising strategies that address these challenges, thus leading to the fabrication of state-of-the-art photovoltaics. The cover illustrates the harmonious unity of the universe, solar energy, the typical next generation solar cell technology based on PSCs.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202470171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. So far, a variety of single‐junction PSCs have been successfully developed and considered for commercialization, including normal PSCs (N‐PSCs), inverted PSCs (I‐PSCs), and carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) without hole transporter. Herein, the material cost, equipment depreciation cost, and energy consumption of these three types of PSCs (1 m2) in detail are analyzed. As indicated, the total fabrication cost of the N‐PSCs ($86.49) and I‐PSCs ($81.31) is very close, but is significantly reduced to $41.16 for the C‐PSCs (49%–52% reduction) because carbon electrode is much cheaper than noble metal electrode and organic hole transporter. Besides, only a low‐cost slot‐die coating process with low energy consumption is needed for the deposition of carbon electrode, while the expensive physical vapor deposition and reactive plasma deposition processes with high energy consumption are needed for the deposition of the noble metal electrode and organic hole transporter.
{"title":"Manufacturing Cost Analysis of Single‐Junction Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Gaofeng Li, Haining Chen","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400540","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. So far, a variety of single‐junction PSCs have been successfully developed and considered for commercialization, including normal PSCs (N‐PSCs), inverted PSCs (I‐PSCs), and carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) without hole transporter. Herein, the material cost, equipment depreciation cost, and energy consumption of these three types of PSCs (1 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) in detail are analyzed. As indicated, the total fabrication cost of the N‐PSCs ($86.49) and I‐PSCs ($81.31) is very close, but is significantly reduced to $41.16 for the C‐PSCs (49%–52% reduction) because carbon electrode is much cheaper than noble metal electrode and organic hole transporter. Besides, only a low‐cost slot‐die coating process with low energy consumption is needed for the deposition of carbon electrode, while the expensive physical vapor deposition and reactive plasma deposition processes with high energy consumption are needed for the deposition of the noble metal electrode and organic hole transporter.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High‐bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells on transparent electrodes show favorable characteristics for new photovoltaic application scenarios including building‐integrated photovoltaics, vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics, and top cell for tandem structure. However, the efficiency of pure sulfide kesterite CZTS thin film solar cells on transparent substrates lags behind that on traditional Mo substrates. Herein, fabrication of high‐quality CZTS absorber films and efficient solar cells on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates from dimethyl sulfoxide solution is reported. The formation of harmful secondary phases in CZTS film is suppressed by simply adjusting the chemical stoichiometry in the precursor solution, leading to the development of 5.88% CZTS solar cells. Sodium (Na) doping further promotes grain growth and suppresses secondary phase, contributing to the reduced interface recombination and improved device performance. A champion device with an efficiency of 8.36% has been achieved with 1% Na doping, underscoring the significance of the solution process in achieving highly efficient kesterite solar cells on transparent electrodes.
{"title":"8.36% Efficient CZTS Solar Cells on Transparent Electrode via Solution Processing","authors":"Hongkun Liu, Yize Li, Aoqi Xu, Xinyu Li, Chunxu Xiang, Sifan Zhou, Shaoying Wang, Weibo Yan, Hao Xin","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400588","url":null,"abstract":"High‐bandgap Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>ZnSnS<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (CZTS) thin film solar cells on transparent electrodes show favorable characteristics for new photovoltaic application scenarios including building‐integrated photovoltaics, vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics, and top cell for tandem structure. However, the efficiency of pure sulfide kesterite CZTS thin film solar cells on transparent substrates lags behind that on traditional Mo substrates. Herein, fabrication of high‐quality CZTS absorber films and efficient solar cells on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates from dimethyl sulfoxide solution is reported. The formation of harmful secondary phases in CZTS film is suppressed by simply adjusting the chemical stoichiometry in the precursor solution, leading to the development of 5.88% CZTS solar cells. Sodium (Na) doping further promotes grain growth and suppresses secondary phase, contributing to the reduced interface recombination and improved device performance. A champion device with an efficiency of 8.36% has been achieved with 1% Na doping, underscoring the significance of the solution process in achieving highly efficient kesterite solar cells on transparent electrodes.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tin oxide (SnO2) has demonstrated significant potential as an electron transport layer (ETL) owing to its low-temperature processing in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor energy-level alignment and the presence of interface defects between the SnO2 and perovskite layer aggravate the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs. Herein, heterovalent samarium cation (Sm3+) is deliberately doped into SnO2, optimizing the energy-level alignment between SnO2 and the perovskite layer, and effectively passivating the oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of SnO2. Experimental and theoretical conclusions reveal that Sm-doping successfully passivates the defects in the ETL and improves the perovskite crystal quality, thereby reducing interface charge recombination, and enhancing electron extraction from perovskite to the SnO2 layer. Consequently, the optimized Sm-doped SnO2-based PSCs achieve a PCE of 24.10% with a VOC of 1.174 V, negligible hysteresis, and improved durability under ambient conditions.
{"title":"Heterovalent Samarium Cation-Doped SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Abdul Sattar, Chenzhe Xu, Feiyu Cheng, Haochun Sun, Hongwei Wang, Liyan Hu, Wenqiang Fan, Zhuo Kang, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400496","DOIUrl":"10.1002/solr.202400496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) has demonstrated significant potential as an electron transport layer (ETL) owing to its low-temperature processing in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor energy-level alignment and the presence of interface defects between the SnO<sub>2</sub> and perovskite layer aggravate the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs. Herein, heterovalent samarium cation (Sm<sup>3+</sup>) is deliberately doped into SnO<sub>2</sub>, optimizing the energy-level alignment between SnO<sub>2</sub> and the perovskite layer, and effectively passivating the oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of SnO<sub>2</sub>. Experimental and theoretical conclusions reveal that Sm-doping successfully passivates the defects in the ETL and improves the perovskite crystal quality, thereby reducing interface charge recombination, and enhancing electron extraction from perovskite to the SnO<sub>2</sub> layer. Consequently, the optimized Sm-doped SnO<sub>2</sub>-based PSCs achieve a PCE of 24.10% with a <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> of 1.174 V, negligible hysteresis, and improved durability under ambient conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonghoon Han, Ran Hee Kim, Shujuan Huang, Jincheol Kim, Jae Sung Yun
Halide perovskite solar cells have achieved impressive efficiencies above 26%, making them a promising technology for the future of solar energy. However, the current fabrication methods rely on highly toxic solvents, which pose significant safety and environmental hazards. It is crucial to develop greener and safer alternatives to these solvents to facilitate the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. In this review, the safety and hazard evaluations of conventional toxic solvents and discuss the selection criteria for solvents that affect the morphology, nucleation, crystallization, and performance of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, recent research into green solvent alternatives is evaluated and their properties are compared to those of commonly used solvents. In this review, fundamental insights are provided into the progress and challenges of green‐solution processing of perovskite solar cells, which will be essential for advancing this technology toward commercialization.
{"title":"Green Solution Processing of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Status and Future Directions","authors":"Jonghoon Han, Ran Hee Kim, Shujuan Huang, Jincheol Kim, Jae Sung Yun","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400262","url":null,"abstract":"Halide perovskite solar cells have achieved impressive efficiencies above 26%, making them a promising technology for the future of solar energy. However, the current fabrication methods rely on highly toxic solvents, which pose significant safety and environmental hazards. It is crucial to develop greener and safer alternatives to these solvents to facilitate the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. In this review, the safety and hazard evaluations of conventional toxic solvents and discuss the selection criteria for solvents that affect the morphology, nucleation, crystallization, and performance of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, recent research into green solvent alternatives is evaluated and their properties are compared to those of commonly used solvents. In this review, fundamental insights are provided into the progress and challenges of green‐solution processing of perovskite solar cells, which will be essential for advancing this technology toward commercialization.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Zhao, Zhipeng Yin, Lijun Chen, Yunjie Li, Beining Wang, Hangxing Sun, Junhao Song, Xunwen Xiao, Ning Li, Hai‐Qiao Wang
While state‐of‐the‐art organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been achieved by halogen modification strategies for active layer materials, the stability of these OPVs can be compromised by the presence of halogen ions at the interface and within the photoactive layer. Herein, halogen‐free photoactive layer‐based OPV cells are fabricated and systematically studied to understand and explore the working principle and potential of this class of OPV devices. For the first time, a champion efficiency of 13.12% is achieved for the inverted device (ITO/AZO/AL/MoO3/Ag) based on the nonhalogenated photoactive layer PBDB‐T:BTP‐M. Superior metal electrode stability is confirmed for the unencapsulated PBDB‐T:BTP‐M devices aged at 85 °C in the air atmosphere compared to the halogenated PM6:Y6 devices. Specifically, better thermal stability is verified for the nonhalogenated device without 1‐chloronaphthalene (1‐CN) additive compared to the device with 1‐CN additive, with 89% of the initial efficiency retained after being aged for 900 h at 85 °C in the N2 atmosphere. These results evidence the halogen/halide impacts on device stability and demonstrate the potential for nonhalogenated OPVs to achieve efficient and stable performance, benefiting the development and practical application of this technology.
{"title":"Nonhalogenated Photoactive Layer PBDB‐T:BTP‐M‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Efficient and Stable Performance","authors":"Huan Zhao, Zhipeng Yin, Lijun Chen, Yunjie Li, Beining Wang, Hangxing Sun, Junhao Song, Xunwen Xiao, Ning Li, Hai‐Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400542","url":null,"abstract":"While state‐of‐the‐art organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been achieved by halogen modification strategies for active layer materials, the stability of these OPVs can be compromised by the presence of halogen ions at the interface and within the photoactive layer. Herein, halogen‐free photoactive layer‐based OPV cells are fabricated and systematically studied to understand and explore the working principle and potential of this class of OPV devices. For the first time, a champion efficiency of 13.12% is achieved for the inverted device (ITO/AZO/AL/MoO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/Ag) based on the nonhalogenated photoactive layer PBDB‐T:BTP‐M. Superior metal electrode stability is confirmed for the unencapsulated PBDB‐T:BTP‐M devices aged at 85 °C in the air atmosphere compared to the halogenated PM6:Y6 devices. Specifically, better thermal stability is verified for the nonhalogenated device without 1‐chloronaphthalene (1‐CN) additive compared to the device with 1‐CN additive, with 89% of the initial efficiency retained after being aged for 900 h at 85 °C in the N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> atmosphere. These results evidence the halogen/halide impacts on device stability and demonstrate the potential for nonhalogenated OPVs to achieve efficient and stable performance, benefiting the development and practical application of this technology.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiVO4 has been widely concerned due to its great potential in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, low carrier mobilities and high recombination efficiency of photogenerated carriers impede its photocatalytic performance. Herein, an in situ PEC cyclic‐voltammetry‐induced surface reconstruction of BiVO4 photoanodes (BVO pristine) is developed with significantly enhanced efficiency for solar water splitting. A series of in situ characterizations (including in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman), together with electrochemical tests and density‐functional theory calculations, reveal that during the photoelectrical activation process, the BVO pristine surfaces undergo a crystal plane reconstruction with greatly increased {040} crystal face to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. In addition, abundant vanadium vacancies and oxygen vacancies are also introduced into the BiVO4 surface during the crystal face reconstruction process with more favorable surface water adsorption and increased injection efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) between BVO pristine and electrolyte under AM 1.5G illumination substantially reduced from the original 15 200 to 2820 Ω after the activation. Moreover, the photocurrent density of activated BVO pristines increases more than 12 times, relative to the original BiVO4. In this work, a new horizon for in situ photoelectric activation of semiconductor photoelectrodes with significantly enhanced PEC water splitting is provided.
{"title":"In Situ Photoelectrochemical‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar Fuel Production","authors":"Zhiyuan Cao, Xianyin Song, Xin Chen, Xuefeng Sha, Jiu Tang, Zhihai Yang, Yawei Lv, Changzhong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400523","url":null,"abstract":"BiVO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> has been widely concerned due to its great potential in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, low carrier mobilities and high recombination efficiency of photogenerated carriers impede its photocatalytic performance. Herein, an in situ PEC cyclic‐voltammetry‐induced surface reconstruction of BiVO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> photoanodes (BVO pristine) is developed with significantly enhanced efficiency for solar water splitting. A series of in situ characterizations (including in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman), together with electrochemical tests and density‐functional theory calculations, reveal that during the photoelectrical activation process, the BVO pristine surfaces undergo a crystal plane reconstruction with greatly increased {040} crystal face to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. In addition, abundant vanadium vacancies and oxygen vacancies are also introduced into the BiVO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> surface during the crystal face reconstruction process with more favorable surface water adsorption and increased injection efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the charge‐transfer resistance (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>ct</jats:sub>) between BVO pristine and electrolyte under AM 1.5G illumination substantially reduced from the original 15 200 to 2820 Ω after the activation. Moreover, the photocurrent density of activated BVO pristines increases more than 12 times, relative to the original BiVO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>. In this work, a new horizon for in situ photoelectric activation of semiconductor photoelectrodes with significantly enhanced PEC water splitting is provided.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large voltage deficit and photoinduced halide segregation are the two primary challenges that hinder the advancement of wide‐bandgap (WBG) (Eg ≥ 1.65 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a cation engineering approach to enhance the optoelectronic properties of formamidine–cesium (FA‐Cs) WBG perovskites by incorporating methylamine (MA) as the third cation is presented. Three perovskite species with a bandgap of 1.68 eV, abbreviated as Cs0.05, Cs0.15, and Cs0.25, are systematically studied by optimizing the MA content. The incorporation of MA is found to effectively enhance the crystallinity and improve the carrier lifetimes of the three perovskite species. Moreover, the microstrain in the FA‐MA‐Cs perovskite films is significantly reduced due to the buffer effect of MA between the size‐mismatched FA and Cs, a benefit derived from the cascade cation design. The optimized compositions for the three species are Cs0.05MA0.2FA0.75PbI2.58Br0.42, Cs0.15MA0.1FA0.75PbI2.68Br0.32, and Cs0.25MA0.03FA0.72PbI2.73Br0.27, respectively. Among these, Cs0.25MA0.03FA0.72PbI2.73Br0.27 perovskite stands out due to its high crystallinity, low microstrain, and low trap density, giving rise to the highest efficiency of 20.64% with the lowest voltage loss. This perovskite also exhibits superior air, light, and thermal stability. These findings underscore the importance of rational cation design in achieving efficient and photostable WBG PSCs.
大电压缺口和光诱导卤化物偏析是阻碍宽带隙（WBG）（Eg ≥ 1.65 eV）包晶体太阳能电池（PSCs）发展的两大挑战。本文介绍了一种阳离子工程方法，通过加入甲胺（MA）作为第三阳离子来增强甲脒-铯（FA-Cs）WBG 包晶体的光电特性。通过优化 MA 的含量，系统地研究了带隙为 1.68 eV 的三种包晶，分别简称为 Cs0.05、Cs0.15 和 Cs0.25。研究发现，MA 的加入能有效提高这三种包晶石的结晶度并改善载流子寿命。此外，由于 MA 在尺寸不匹配的 FA 和 Cs 之间的缓冲作用，FA-MA-Cs 包晶体薄膜中的微应变显著减小，这是级联阳离子设计带来的好处。三个物种的优化组合分别为 Cs0.05MA0.2FA0.75PbI2.58Br0.42、Cs0.15MA0.1FA0.75PbI2.68Br0.32 和 Cs0.25MA0.03FA0.72PbI2.73Br0.27。其中，Cs0.25MA0.03FA0.72PbI2.73Br0.27 包晶因其结晶度高、微应变小和陷阱密度低而脱颖而出，以最低的电压损耗实现了 20.64% 的最高效率。这种包晶还表现出卓越的空气稳定性、光稳定性和热稳定性。这些发现强调了合理的阳离子设计对于实现高效和光稳定性 WBG PSCs 的重要性。
{"title":"Cation Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Xiaoni Zhao, Jiali Cao, Ting Nie, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu, Zhimin Fang","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400521","url":null,"abstract":"Large voltage deficit and photoinduced halide segregation are the two primary challenges that hinder the advancement of wide‐bandgap (WBG) (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub>g</jats:sub> ≥ 1.65 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a cation engineering approach to enhance the optoelectronic properties of formamidine–cesium (FA‐Cs) WBG perovskites by incorporating methylamine (MA) as the third cation is presented. Three perovskite species with a bandgap of 1.68 eV, abbreviated as Cs<jats:sub>0.05</jats:sub>, Cs<jats:sub>0.15</jats:sub>, and Cs<jats:sub>0.25</jats:sub>, are systematically studied by optimizing the MA content. The incorporation of MA is found to effectively enhance the crystallinity and improve the carrier lifetimes of the three perovskite species. Moreover, the microstrain in the FA‐MA‐Cs perovskite films is significantly reduced due to the buffer effect of MA between the size‐mismatched FA and Cs, a benefit derived from the cascade cation design. The optimized compositions for the three species are Cs<jats:sub>0.05</jats:sub>MA<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub>FA<jats:sub>0.75</jats:sub>PbI<jats:sub>2.58</jats:sub>Br<jats:sub>0.42</jats:sub>, Cs<jats:sub>0.15</jats:sub>MA<jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub>FA<jats:sub>0.75</jats:sub>PbI<jats:sub>2.68</jats:sub>Br<jats:sub>0.32</jats:sub>, and Cs<jats:sub>0.25</jats:sub>MA<jats:sub>0.03</jats:sub>FA<jats:sub>0.72</jats:sub>PbI<jats:sub>2.73</jats:sub>Br<jats:sub>0.27</jats:sub>, respectively. Among these, Cs<jats:sub>0.25</jats:sub>MA<jats:sub>0.03</jats:sub>FA<jats:sub>0.72</jats:sub>PbI<jats:sub>2.73</jats:sub>Br<jats:sub>0.27</jats:sub> perovskite stands out due to its high crystallinity, low microstrain, and low trap density, giving rise to the highest efficiency of 20.64% with the lowest voltage loss. This perovskite also exhibits superior air, light, and thermal stability. These findings underscore the importance of rational cation design in achieving efficient and photostable WBG PSCs.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kambiz Hosseinpanahi, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour‐Fard, Mahmoud Reza Golzarian, Elaheh K. Goharshadi, Alberto Vomiero
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising luminophores for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) in transparent photovoltaic greenhouse covers due to their high ultraviolet (UV)‐light absorption coefficient, which is vital for plant growth. Herein, high quantum yield (75%) and large Stokes shift (0.706 eV) CQDs are synthesized by a simple, fast, cheap, and mass scalable method. A comprehensive study on the LSC engineering is carried out. Thin layers of CQDs with different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% and different number of layers (1–5) are coated on glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waveguides, sized 5 × 5 × 0.6 and 15 × 15 × 0.6 cm3. The best performing single‐layer LCS exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) and optical efficiency as high as 1.6% and 6.5%, respectively (LSC size 5 × 5 × 0.6 cm3), and 1.19% and 3.27% (LSC size of 15 × 15 × 0.6 cm3), respectively. Over 90 days, stability tests show a 2% PCE decrease. Tests on a small‐scale greenhouse model demonstrate that transparent photovoltaic LSC roofs not only produce electricity but also control temperature inside the greenhouse. Hence, CQD‐based LSCs synthesized by the scalable method can be used in commercialization of transparent greenhouses photovoltaic covers.
{"title":"Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Greenhouse Applications Based on Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots","authors":"Kambiz Hosseinpanahi, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour‐Fard, Mahmoud Reza Golzarian, Elaheh K. Goharshadi, Alberto Vomiero","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400442","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising luminophores for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) in transparent photovoltaic greenhouse covers due to their high ultraviolet (UV)‐light absorption coefficient, which is vital for plant growth. Herein, high quantum yield (75%) and large Stokes shift (0.706 eV) CQDs are synthesized by a simple, fast, cheap, and mass scalable method. A comprehensive study on the LSC engineering is carried out. Thin layers of CQDs with different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% and different number of layers (1–5) are coated on glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waveguides, sized 5 × 5 × 0.6 and 15 × 15 × 0.6 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>. The best performing single‐layer LCS exhibits power conversion efficiency (PCE) and optical efficiency as high as 1.6% and 6.5%, respectively (LSC size 5 × 5 × 0.6 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), and 1.19% and 3.27% (LSC size of 15 × 15 × 0.6 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), respectively. Over 90 days, stability tests show a 2% PCE decrease. Tests on a small‐scale greenhouse model demonstrate that transparent photovoltaic LSC roofs not only produce electricity but also control temperature inside the greenhouse. Hence, CQD‐based LSCs synthesized by the scalable method can be used in commercialization of transparent greenhouses photovoltaic covers.","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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