The purpose of this paper is to present a queueing model for analyzing a video scan converter (VSC). The system analyst constantly strives for quicker methods, parallel approaches, and more accurate results. Queueing theory is generally useful in the first and second of these categories. How then does the analyst develop a queueing model of a VSC in the hardware development and design stage?
{"title":"A queueing model for scan conversion","authors":"Thomas W. Gay","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478626","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present a queueing model for analyzing a video scan converter (VSC). The system analyst constantly strives for quicker methods, parallel approaches, and more accurate results. Queueing theory is generally useful in the first and second of these categories. How then does the analyst develop a queueing model of a VSC in the hardware development and design stage?","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123338700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic computers find wide applications in the fields such as document production, compilation of printed articles, language translation. The need for high speed printers and display systems for various types of characters and symbols is increasing. There is a high demand for high speed printers and display systems for "Kanji (Chinese characters)" in Japan and other Oriental countries. A character generator with a font capacity greater than 1000 is required. Nearly the same number of character fonts might be needed also in Western countries, if special fonts of Greek or Roman alphabets, italics, bold face, or special mathematical symbols are included.
{"title":"Economical display generation of a large character set","authors":"K. Nezu, S. Naito","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478628","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic computers find wide applications in the fields such as document production, compilation of printed articles, language translation. The need for high speed printers and display systems for various types of characters and symbols is increasing. There is a high demand for high speed printers and display systems for \"Kanji (Chinese characters)\" in Japan and other Oriental countries. A character generator with a font capacity greater than 1000 is required. Nearly the same number of character fonts might be needed also in Western countries, if special fonts of Greek or Roman alphabets, italics, bold face, or special mathematical symbols are included.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"120 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123161728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An algebraic facility for LISP is quite desirable. Such a capability is motivated by the desire to utilize the primitive LISP arithmetic functions at the algebraic expression level. The requirement for a means of evaluating expressions might very well arise from applications in algebraic manipulation. Thus, the user, having performed some sort of transformation on an algebraic expression, might wish to have the resulting expression evaluated for a specific set of values. This facility, in response to this requirement, has the acronym "LEAF" (LISP Extended Algebraic Facility).
{"title":"An algebraic extension to LISP","authors":"P. Knowlton","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478579","url":null,"abstract":"An algebraic facility for LISP is quite desirable. Such a capability is motivated by the desire to utilize the primitive LISP arithmetic functions at the algebraic expression level. The requirement for a means of evaluating expressions might very well arise from applications in algebraic manipulation. Thus, the user, having performed some sort of transformation on an algebraic expression, might wish to have the resulting expression evaluated for a specific set of values. This facility, in response to this requirement, has the acronym \"LEAF\" (LISP Extended Algebraic Facility).","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"472 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114378838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes research which involves the use of interactive computer graphics for processing systems analysis networks. The term "systems analysis network" is used to include project scheduling, task-resource simulation, computer programming flow diagrams, decision tree, assembly line balancing, flows in networks, etc. These network pictures usually characterize the precedence relations and the logical and data flow among network component parts, and are traditionally the planning tools for industrial engineers, operations research analysis, and management and systems planners. In this research, a system is developed to provide a "drawing board," through the use of interactive computer graphics, to compose, transform, decompose, partition, simplify, merge, and regenerate network pictures for the purpose of facilitating rapid convergence in man-computer experiments.
{"title":"A graph manipulator for on-line network picture processing","authors":"Hugo A. Di Giulio, P. Tuan","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478605","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes research which involves the use of interactive computer graphics for processing systems analysis networks. The term \"systems analysis network\" is used to include project scheduling, task-resource simulation, computer programming flow diagrams, decision tree, assembly line balancing, flows in networks, etc. These network pictures usually characterize the precedence relations and the logical and data flow among network component parts, and are traditionally the planning tools for industrial engineers, operations research analysis, and management and systems planners. In this research, a system is developed to provide a \"drawing board,\" through the use of interactive computer graphics, to compose, transform, decompose, partition, simplify, merge, and regenerate network pictures for the purpose of facilitating rapid convergence in man-computer experiments.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130287975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to make a comparison of file organization techniques, concurrence is needed on terminology. To that end, this introduction offers some definition of terms. Unfortunately, many of these terms do not have universally accepted definitions. A general definition of terms can be found elsewhere.
{"title":"Common file organization techniques compared","authors":"N. Chapin","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478608","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make a comparison of file organization techniques, concurrence is needed on terminology. To that end, this introduction offers some definition of terms. Unfortunately, many of these terms do not have universally accepted definitions. A general definition of terms can be found elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126576719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NASA Electronics Research Center (ERC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has undertaken a broad program to satisfy flight computer system requirements for future missions, including versatility and long term reliability. Specific attention to these requirements is necessary because flight qualified aerospace computers and even some still under development, have been designed for increased computational speed and arithmetic capability, but not for the long life reliability and application flexibility that will be required for future space missions. For example, the mean time between failure (MTBF) of available aerospace computers lies in the range of 2,000 to 5,000 hours, whereas long space missions will require an MTBF of 10 hours.
{"title":"Implementation of the NASA modular computer with LSI functional characters","authors":"J. Pariser, H. Maurer","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478586","url":null,"abstract":"The NASA Electronics Research Center (ERC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has undertaken a broad program to satisfy flight computer system requirements for future missions, including versatility and long term reliability. Specific attention to these requirements is necessary because flight qualified aerospace computers and even some still under development, have been designed for increased computational speed and arithmetic capability, but not for the long life reliability and application flexibility that will be required for future space missions. For example, the mean time between failure (MTBF) of available aerospace computers lies in the range of 2,000 to 5,000 hours, whereas long space missions will require an MTBF of 10 hours.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114690391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to develop, use, and evaluate an interactive display system for teaching selected topics in elementary numerical analysis. We were interested in giving students a thorough intuitive understanding of the pertinent mathematical functions and in measuring the learning effects of an on-line graphical capability.
{"title":"Evaluation of an interactive display system for teaching numerical analysis","authors":"P. Oliver, F. Brooks","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478622","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop, use, and evaluate an interactive display system for teaching selected topics in elementary numerical analysis. We were interested in giving students a thorough intuitive understanding of the pertinent mathematical functions and in measuring the learning effects of an on-line graphical capability.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130619562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently developed techniques, such as the associative fast store and Tomasulo's algorithm, will enable typical large scale computers to achieve 15 to 20 million instructions per second. The hardware of such machines has a very much greater potential power, but it is inefficiently used, being limited to decoding a single instruction per logic cycle. This paper proposes a technique whereby the programmer is provided with complex instructions capable of controlling the operation of the whole machine during one logic cycle. The use of such instructions for the inner loops of programs yields substantial performance improvements without significantly increased costs.
{"title":"A design for a fast computer for scientific calculations","authors":"P. Melliar-Smith","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478583","url":null,"abstract":"Recently developed techniques, such as the associative fast store and Tomasulo's algorithm, will enable typical large scale computers to achieve 15 to 20 million instructions per second. The hardware of such machines has a very much greater potential power, but it is inefficiently used, being limited to decoding a single instruction per logic cycle. This paper proposes a technique whereby the programmer is provided with complex instructions capable of controlling the operation of the whole machine during one logic cycle. The use of such instructions for the inner loops of programs yields substantial performance improvements without significantly increased costs.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114177013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When compared to continuous (analog) computation, hybrid computation is subject to two sources of error not associated with hardware, but caused by its logical nature. They are often referred to as the time (or transport) delay, and the reconstruction errors.
{"title":"Extension and analysis of use of derivatives for compensation of hybrid solution of linear differential equations","authors":"N. Kemp","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478650","url":null,"abstract":"When compared to continuous (analog) computation, hybrid computation is subject to two sources of error not associated with hardware, but caused by its logical nature. They are often referred to as the time (or transport) delay, and the reconstruction errors.","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127615993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If any design goal is common to all computer system organization schemes, it is that of providing "effective service" both externally to the user of the computational facility and internally with respect to utilization of system resources. Thus, generally speaking, there are at least two dimensions to this design objective. On the one hand, effective service is the external satisfaction of a broad spectrum of user demands. For example, the ideal system might be visualized as one which economically provides a large number of programming languages; machine compatibility with other computers of widely diverse hardware; and rapid computation. On the other hand, effective service is the internal utilization of all system components so as to increase computational efficiency. In this respect, system structures are implemented which strive to maximize sub-system simultaneity and system throughput. For example, a degree of macro-parallelism is attained in many present day systems by allowing a central processing unit (CPU) and input/output controller to share the use of a main memory register, thereby enabling processing and input/output (I/O) to proceed concurrently (for one or several independent programs, depending upon the system software).
{"title":"Performance modeling and empirical measurements in a system designed for batch and time-sharing users","authors":"J. Shemer, Douglas W. Heying","doi":"10.1145/1478559.1478562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478559.1478562","url":null,"abstract":"If any design goal is common to all computer system organization schemes, it is that of providing \"effective service\" both externally to the user of the computational facility and internally with respect to utilization of system resources. Thus, generally speaking, there are at least two dimensions to this design objective. On the one hand, effective service is the external satisfaction of a broad spectrum of user demands. For example, the ideal system might be visualized as one which economically provides a large number of programming languages; machine compatibility with other computers of widely diverse hardware; and rapid computation. On the other hand, effective service is the internal utilization of all system components so as to increase computational efficiency. In this respect, system structures are implemented which strive to maximize sub-system simultaneity and system throughput. For example, a degree of macro-parallelism is attained in many present day systems by allowing a central processing unit (CPU) and input/output controller to share the use of a main memory register, thereby enabling processing and input/output (I/O) to proceed concurrently (for one or several independent programs, depending upon the system software).","PeriodicalId":230827,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Fall)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126230458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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