Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere最新文献

In cattle and small ruminants, vaccinations are one of the most important measures for preventing infectious diseases. Many animal diseases that caused tremendous losses in the past, such as IBR, BVD or FMD, have been eradicted through long-term vaccination campaigns. Regular vaccinations against these diseases could meanwhile be suspended and are now reserved for exceptional situations only under the auspice of competent authorities. The concept of core and non-core vaccinations, which has proven successful in companion animals such as small animals and horses, does not work for farm animals because for these vaccination concepts depend to a great extent on the respective farm situation. Nevertheless, there are vaccinations important for many ruminants - regardless of breed and farm situation. Most important at the moment is bluetongue virus serotype 3. This vaccination is currently recommended with high urgency for all susceptible ruminants. In addition, vaccinations against diseases affecting young animals are of general relevance in cattle. While the vaccination against neonatal diarrhoea is mainly used as a dam vaccination, the vaccination against enzootic bronchopneumonia is primarily recommended as a calf vaccination. The vaccination against Coxiellosis is becoming increasingly important in ruminants. Immunization against Pasteurellosis is important in lambs, while vaccination against Clostridiosis almost counts as a core vaccination in sheep and especially in goats. In addition to those mentioned, there are a number of other vaccinations that should be recommended depending on the region or herd situation. The synopsis published here briefly discusses different vaccination indications, those for which authorized vaccines are available in Germany and those for which alternative application modalities must be used. The complete vaccination guideline, which can be downloaded as a PDF file from the StIKo Vet homepage at www.stiko-vet.de, contains further information on the diseases, possible vaccination strategies and the usual, updated tables of approved vaccines.

The aim of the present observational study in veterinary practice was to determine the efficacy and the duration of the effect of a vitamin E-selenium injection treatment for the treatment of a laboratory-proven selenium deficiency in comparison to an orally administered trace element bolus in weanling lambs.75 weanling lambs were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, weighed and treated as follows after blood sample collection: Group 1 remained untreated as a control group, group 2 received an injection treatment with 3ml of a vitamin E-selenium preparation (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol acetate 150 mg+sodium selenite 1.1 mg/ml) and group 3 received an oral trace element bolus (48g bolus with calcium iodate, cobalt carbonate and sodium selenate). Samples for serological control using atomic absorption spectroscopy took place on days "0", "7", "14" and "42". The results were then evaluated descriptively and statistically comparatively.On day "0" before treatment, all lambs showed proven selenium deficiency without showing any clinical symptoms. The serum selenium content of the control group remained in the range of selenium deficiency (<80 µg/l) over the entire period. The injection group showed an increase in serum selenium levels on average on day "7", but remained below the reference value of 80 µg/l and then fell back to almost the pre-treatment baseline over days "14" to "42". The bolus group recorded an average serum selenium content on day "7" that was slightly above the reference value of 80 µg/l. This continued to increase over days "14" to "42" and stabilized in the lower reference range (80-500 µg/l). Statistical significance between the groups (p<0.001) was demonstrated.The injection treatment for proven selenium deficiency only resulted in a short-term, but not lasting, increase in the selenium serum concentration. The oral trace element bolus used in this study, on the other hand, released sufficient selenium to correct the selenium deficiency and to maintain the serum selenium content continuously in the reference range over a longer period of time. Injection treatment with one of the approved vitamin E-selenium preparations provided only a very short-term booster. For the long-term, sufficient selenium supply of weanling lambs in deficiency situations, an appropriate oral bolus seems preferrable.

The present report describes an 8-week-old warmblood foal presented following two episodes of epistaxis. The foal had a history of an umbilical infection, which had been treated with antibiotics when it was 8 days old. Four days before admission the filly showed severe, self-limiting epistaxis. The second hemorrhage occurred on the day of admission. The foal was lethargic and the remainder of the clinical examination unremarkable. A latero-lateral radiograph of the head revealed a fluid line within the guttural pouch. Endoscopy showed large amounts of blood within the pharynx and the upper third of the trachea. Following cessation of the hemorrhage, the left guttural pouch was identified as the origin of the bleeding. A black-gray, plaque-like deposit upon the internal carotid artery of the left guttural pouch was discerned endoscopically. This led to the diagnosis of unilateral guttural pouch mycosis. Consequently, the internal carotid artery was closed using a transendoscopic clip application proximal and distal to the mycotic granuloma. The foal was discharged from the hospital and a re-examination 17 days later showed a satisfactory healing process and no remaining mycotic growth within the guttural pouch. The foal was in good general health. There was no further bleeding at the age of 7 months following closure of the internal carotid artery. A treatment complication in this case was temporary dysphagia with respiratory signs and fever, successfully treated with antibiotics.

A number of indications exist that necessitate radiologic examination of the equine cervical spine. Different neurologic and pain-associated clinical signs within the scope of lameness or poor performance may be associated to pathologies of the cervical spine. Moreover, the number of requests for radiographic examinations of the cervical spine, for example as part of the pre-purchase examination, has increased significantly in recent years. However, the interpretation of radiographs represents a challenge, particularly in the case of clinically sound horses, as it often necessitates the resolution of a prognostic question. At present, a number of radiologic findings of the equine cervical spine lack clear clinical significance, as some findings (e. g. osteochondrosis dissecans [OCD] of the facet joints) also occur in clinically healthy horses. In acute neurologic cases, such as spinal ataxia, radiographic examination of the cervical spine is the imaging procedure of choice. The subjective and objective assessment of radiographs frequently leads to a diagnosis of cervical static myelopathy. Acute trauma, fractures or degenerative processes, may be distinguished from this entity. This literature review presents a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the interpretation and clinical relevance of radiological findings of the equine cervical spine.

Aim was to characterize birth-relevant hormone profiles of reproductively productive hybrid sows in the peripartum period. It was examined whether there are deviations in the hormone profile depending on the birth process (eutocia:dystocia) and the type of housing (box stall BS vs. farrowing pen FP vs. group housing GH).A total of 40 healthy, heavily pregnant hybrid sows (German Landrace x Large White) with a gestation number≥ 2 were available. The distribution between the housing types was: BS n=18, FP n=15, GH n=7. All births occurred after the biologically completed gestation period. Blood samples were taken via indwelling catheters (113th day ante partum to 4th day post partum). Progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), prostaglandin F2α and its metabolites (PGFM), relaxin, oxytocin, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined.The ratio of eutocia:dystocia was 15:25. Dystocia occurred regardless of type of housing. The only reason for dystocia was a weak labor (>60 min). The litter size was 17.73± 3.85 piglets. Differences in the hormone profiles between eutocia and dystocia were as follows: P4 tended to be higher in dystocia p=0.0776; oxytocin higher in eutocia (not significant), 12.5% of sows permanently with hypoxytocinemia; cortisol p=0.0503; noradrenaline p=0.0098. The type of housing had the following influence on the hormone profile: P4 p=0.046; E2 p=0.0009; PGFM p=0.0108; relaxin p=0.0022; noradrenaline p=0.0078.The parturition-relevant hormones are related to the parturition and to the type of housing during birth. The hormone profiles obtained could be of use in the discussion about the animal welfare-oriented housing system in the peripartum phase in pigs. The proportion of sows of the hyperproliferative line studied with permanent hypoxytocinaemia in stage II of parturition is remarkable. The ratio of eutocia:dystocia is unevenly distributed. Dystocia occurred regardless of the type of housing.

The population of sheep and goats has significantly decreased during the last few years. The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for an improvement of the support of this part of livestock farming.A questionnaire was developed in cooperation with the Hessian Sheep Breeders' Association and the Hessian Goat Breeders' Association to record the situation of sheep and goat farming in Hesse. The survey was made publicly available online and sent to livestock farmers in written form.112 sheep farmers and 66 goat farmers participated in the survey. Most small ruminants are kept on small farms (median herd size sheep: 35.5 animals (deviation±74.8); median herd size goats: 14.5 animals (deviation±25.4)). The majority of farms keep the animals as a hobby or as a side business. It is noticeable that numerous breeds that are kept face the threat of extinction. A significant proportion of farms wants to increase their number of animals (sheep farmers 23.4%; goat farmers: 28%). The three most important uses are the production of meat, landscape management as well as the sale of the animals. Milk and wool production only play a minor role. Direct marketing of products is the most important sales channel. The most common obstacles in marketing are the lack of regional slaughter and marketing possibilities as well as marketing problems.Based on the survey of sheep and goat farmers, obstacles and opportunities for the targeted promotion of small ruminant husbandry were identified.The survey of sheep and goat farmers shows that hobby farming plays a major role for these animal species. This creates a new field of activity for veterinarians, in which the treatment individual animals is the focus of interest.

In 2024, there was no release of a novel pharmaceutical agent for horses and food-producing animals or an extension of existing active ingredients to other animal species on the German veterinary medicinal products market. Formic acid is now available for a new form of treatment, the short-term treatment of honeybees, and clenbuterol is available in a new dosage form, as an oral solution for horses. In the field of immunological veterinary medicinal products, three new vaccines were launched on the German veterinary medicinal products market. For the first time, a vaccine against Cryptosporidium parvum in cattle, against Mycoplasma bovis also in cattle and against the H9 subtype of avian influenza in chicken are available. For pigs, a new vaccine with a known pathogen combination with type 2d of porcine circovirus, a new miscibility and needle-free application of products against respiratory pathogens and a new combination with serovar 11 in addition to serovars 2 and 9 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were approved. Furthermore, a new trivalent combination of three known vaccine antigens and a new miscibility of two products against diarrheal pathogens are available for pigs. A new recombinant combination product against infectious bursitis, infectious laryngotracheitis and Marek's disease has been approved for chicken. New administration methods were introduced to the market for a vaccine against bovine coronavirus (nasal) in cattle and porcine circovirus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (needleless) in pigs.

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate some selected biochemical values of a group of newborn Holstein calves after colostrum intake.Fifteen newborn Holstein calves of both sexes fed with high quality (Brix≥22%) colostrum were participated in our study. Blood samples were taken at birth (before colostrum intake) and after 24^th hours of feeding with colostrum. Serum samples were analyzed with Reflotron Plus biochemistry device. Analysis results were evaluated at SigmaPlot statistical program.It was observed that gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), globulin (GLOB), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) concentrations increased, albumin (ALB) concentration and albumin/globulin ratio (ALB/GLOB) decreased and calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations did not change after colostrum consumption.Although TP, GLOB and GGT levels are commonly used to determine passive immunity status in calves, changes in ALB, AST and TCHOL levels and ALB/GLOB may also be used to determine passive immune transfer in calves.

Vaccination is one of the most important measures for preventing infectious diseases. Vaccinations against tetanus and West-Nile-Virus are essential to protect the individual horse. These infections are not contagious and are not transmitted from animal to animal. By contrast, Equine Influenza and Equine-Herpes-Virus infections are highly contagious, transmissible diseases. In addition to protecting the vaccinated individual, vaccinating as many horses as possible aims at inducing a broad herd immunity, which interrupts infection chains and thus additionally protects the individual. Vaccination against tetanus, Equine Influenza and Equine-Herpes-Virus infections are core vaccinations for horses. The immunization against West-Nile-Virus is currently considered non-core and only recommended in the outbreak areas in eastern parts of Germany and, since 2024, in the entire lowlands of Northern Germany. Prospectively, depending on the future development of the epidemic, vaccination against West-Nile-Virus is likely to become core-component. It will then be recommended for the entire country. In addition to those already mentioned, there are marketing authorizations for vaccines against dermatomycosis, strangles, rotavirus infections, equine viral arteritis and rabies. Depending on the risk of exposure, the use of these vaccines can be highly advisable for individual cases.