{"title":"Digital Image and Spectral Analysis of Foreign Currency Notes - A Case Report","authors":"Manideep Rakshit","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133890838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information was received in the control room of Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi, for crime scene examinations of two dead bodies found in the room. A team of Forensic Experts visited the scene of crime and found various clue materials to establish the nature of the case. The crime was took place in the room of ahouse situated at the ground floor of the building. There was one female dead body found lying on the floor in front of the entry door and one male body was found hanging on the ceiling fan. There are many methods for committing suicide like poisoning, hanging, drowning etc. Hanging is a frequent suicide method because it anticipated a certain, rapid and painless death. Cut throats can be homicidal, suicidal or accidental. Homicidal cut-throats are a well-recognized method of killing while suicidal cut throats are less commonly reported and accidental cut throats are rare. The present study was carried out to ascertain whether it was a case of suicide or a murder by examining the scene of crime. Various evidences of forensic interested were collected and were thoroughly examined information from the investigation officer was also gathered. From the study it was concluded that female was murdered by a sharp edge weapon by her husband and then he has attempted suicide by hanging himself.
{"title":"Crime Scene Examination of Murder and Suicide Case","authors":"Subhas Chandra","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000287","url":null,"abstract":"Information was received in the control room of Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi, for crime scene examinations of two dead bodies found in the room. A team of Forensic Experts visited the scene of crime and found various clue materials to establish the nature of the case. The crime was took place in the room of ahouse situated at the ground floor of the building. There was one female dead body found lying on the floor in front of the entry door and one male body was found hanging on the ceiling fan. There are many methods for committing suicide like poisoning, hanging, drowning etc. Hanging is a frequent suicide method because it anticipated a certain, rapid and painless death. Cut throats can be homicidal, suicidal or accidental. Homicidal cut-throats are a well-recognized method of killing while suicidal cut throats are less commonly reported and accidental cut throats are rare. The present study was carried out to ascertain whether it was a case of suicide or a murder by examining the scene of crime. Various evidences of forensic interested were collected and were thoroughly examined information from the investigation officer was also gathered. From the study it was concluded that female was murdered by a sharp edge weapon by her husband and then he has attempted suicide by hanging himself.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116169593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensic genetics uses STR markers as the gold standard for human identification. However, this technique does not allow the differentiation of monozygotic twins, since they originate from the fertilization of a single egg and a single sperm. Studies aiming to solve this problem have been developed and the complete sequencing of mitochondrial DNA has shown to be relevant. The present study aimed to verify the possibility of differentiating monozygotic twins through the analysis of the d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, using the Sanger sequencing technique in blood and oral mucosa samples. Twelve pairs of volunteer monozygotic twins were selected, zygosity was confirmed by analyzing the genetic profile generated using STR markers. Regarding analyses of the d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, a single pair of twins (gm46) showed a point heteroplasmy at position 16,290 (HV1). However, this finding was not able to differentiate between individuals of the same pair, since both showed the heteroplasmy in both biological samples (blood and oral mucosa). No other genetic variation was detected in the pairs of twins analyzed that could differentiate them. We suggest analyzing the mitochondrial DNA molecule as a whole in an attempt to identify a greater amount of potential variation by applying the Massive Parallel Sequencing technique.
{"title":"Forensic Genetics and the Differentiation of Monozygotic Twins by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis","authors":"Laís Ubaldo Antonio","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000315","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic genetics uses STR markers as the gold standard for human identification. However, this technique does not allow the differentiation of monozygotic twins, since they originate from the fertilization of a single egg and a single sperm. Studies aiming to solve this problem have been developed and the complete sequencing of mitochondrial DNA has shown to be relevant. The present study aimed to verify the possibility of differentiating monozygotic twins through the analysis of the d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, using the Sanger sequencing technique in blood and oral mucosa samples. Twelve pairs of volunteer monozygotic twins were selected, zygosity was confirmed by analyzing the genetic profile generated using STR markers. Regarding analyses of the d-loop region of mitochondrial DNA, a single pair of twins (gm46) showed a point heteroplasmy at position 16,290 (HV1). However, this finding was not able to differentiate between individuals of the same pair, since both showed the heteroplasmy in both biological samples (blood and oral mucosa). No other genetic variation was detected in the pairs of twins analyzed that could differentiate them. We suggest analyzing the mitochondrial DNA molecule as a whole in an attempt to identify a greater amount of potential variation by applying the Massive Parallel Sequencing technique.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123646288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The attractions to investors of forex and other derivatives derives from their simplicity: to bet on the direction of a price change. Unfortunately, many ‘investors’ do not realise that short term price changes are not predictable and, inevitably, they will lose their money. This paper explains why this is inevitable. It also argues that the regulation of forex should be handled by a gambling regulator (in the UK, the Gambling Commission) rather than a financial regulator (in the UK, the Financial Conduct Authority) as forex trading is a bet and not an investment.
{"title":"Forex, Cfds and Other Derivatives: Investments or Gambling?","authors":"P. Barnes","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000302","url":null,"abstract":"The attractions to investors of forex and other derivatives derives from their simplicity: to bet on the direction of a price change. Unfortunately, many ‘investors’ do not realise that short term price changes are not predictable and, inevitably, they will lose their money. This paper explains why this is inevitable. It also argues that the regulation of forex should be handled by a gambling regulator (in the UK, the Gambling Commission) rather than a financial regulator (in the UK, the Financial Conduct Authority) as forex trading is a bet and not an investment.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123856830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Deaths due to external causes, mainly homicides, are a serious public health problem in Brazil. There is evidence that the tendency to impulsive and / or violent behavior is exacerbated after alcohol consumption. Otherwise, the relationship between alcohol and violent deaths is described in the medical literature without much precision. Objective: Analyze the relationship between victims' blood alcohol levels and homicides, in the micro-region formed by some municipalities in Greater São Paulo. Methods: Retrospectively, we reviewed the data from the medical records of 805 necropsies performed at the Medical Legal Institute of Sao Paulo (IML-SP) in Franco da Rocha, Brazil, from 2001 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were calculated to assess BAC testing status among decedents overall. The variables studied were sex, age, manner of death and blood alcohol level (BAC). Results: Of the 230 individuals analyzed, 200 (86.9%) were male and 30 (13.04%) female. The most prevalent age range for males was between 18 and 23 years (19.5%). For the women group it was between 12 and 23 years (33.2%). The vast majority of homicides (n = 162, 70.4%) was due to firearms, followed by sharp force and blunt force trauma (13% each one). Of the 230 cases of homicide victims analyzed, 205 (89,1%) presented a positive blood alcohol level (BAC), e.g, over 0,3 mg/dl. In the group of homicide victims by firearm, 57 (24,7%) of them presented a median value of BAC of 1.3 mg/ml. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that alcohol intoxication was common in homicide victims in Franco da Rocha from 2001-2017. It also confirms some findings from other researchers linking blood alcohol and deaths from unnatural causes. Our study showed that majority of victims are young adults, and most of them were under alcohol effect when they were murdered. So, the fact that the victims were drunk can contribute to the fatal outcome, in cases of homicide. This approach alone cannot establish that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for become a victim of homicide and further studies are necessary to a better comprehension of the effect of alcohol in homicide victims.
导言:外因死亡，主要是他杀，是巴西一个严重的公共卫生问题。有证据表明，饮酒后冲动和/或暴力行为的倾向会加剧。否则，酒精和暴力死亡之间的关系在医学文献中描述得不够精确。目的:分析由大圣保罗市组成的微区域中受害者血液酒精浓度与杀人案之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2001年至2017年巴西佛朗哥达罗查市圣保罗医学法律研究所(IML-SP) 805例尸检的病历资料。计算描述性统计以评估总体死者的BAC检测状况。研究的变量包括性别、年龄、死亡方式和血液酒精含量(BAC)。结果:分析的230例个体中，男性200例(86.9%)，女性30例(13.04%)。男性最普遍的年龄范围是18至23岁(19.5%)。女性组的年龄在12至23岁之间(33.2%)。绝大多数凶杀案(n = 162, 70.4%)是由枪支造成的，其次是利器和钝器外伤(各占13%)。在分析的230例杀人案受害者中，205例(89.1%)血液酒精含量呈阳性，例如超过0.3毫克/分升。在枪支杀人受害者组中，57人(24.7%)的BAC中位数为1.3 mg/ml。讨论与结论:本研究结果表明，2001-2017年Franco da Rocha的凶杀案受害者中酒精中毒很常见。它还证实了其他研究人员的一些发现，即血液中的酒精与非自然原因导致的死亡有关。我们的研究表明，大多数受害者都是年轻人，他们中的大多数人在被谋杀时都处于酒精的作用下。所以，在杀人案中，受害者喝醉的事实可能会导致致命的结果。这种方法本身并不能确定饮酒是成为杀人受害者的一个风险因素，需要进一步的研究来更好地理解酒精对杀人受害者的影响。
{"title":"Homicide Victims and Alcohol Related Consumption in Brazil","authors":"I. Miziara","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000291","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Deaths due to external causes, mainly homicides, are a serious public health problem in Brazil. There is evidence that the tendency to impulsive and / or violent behavior is exacerbated after alcohol consumption. Otherwise, the relationship between alcohol and violent deaths is described in the medical literature without much precision. Objective: Analyze the relationship between victims' blood alcohol levels and homicides, in the micro-region formed by some municipalities in Greater São Paulo. Methods: Retrospectively, we reviewed the data from the medical records of 805 necropsies performed at the Medical Legal Institute of Sao Paulo (IML-SP) in Franco da Rocha, Brazil, from 2001 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were calculated to assess BAC testing status among decedents overall. The variables studied were sex, age, manner of death and blood alcohol level (BAC). Results: Of the 230 individuals analyzed, 200 (86.9%) were male and 30 (13.04%) female. The most prevalent age range for males was between 18 and 23 years (19.5%). For the women group it was between 12 and 23 years (33.2%). The vast majority of homicides (n = 162, 70.4%) was due to firearms, followed by sharp force and blunt force trauma (13% each one). Of the 230 cases of homicide victims analyzed, 205 (89,1%) presented a positive blood alcohol level (BAC), e.g, over 0,3 mg/dl. In the group of homicide victims by firearm, 57 (24,7%) of them presented a median value of BAC of 1.3 mg/ml. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that alcohol intoxication was common in homicide victims in Franco da Rocha from 2001-2017. It also confirms some findings from other researchers linking blood alcohol and deaths from unnatural causes. Our study showed that majority of victims are young adults, and most of them were under alcohol effect when they were murdered. So, the fact that the victims were drunk can contribute to the fatal outcome, in cases of homicide. This approach alone cannot establish that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for become a victim of homicide and further studies are necessary to a better comprehension of the effect of alcohol in homicide victims.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security Ink Technology in Forensic Way","authors":"Pranav Y Dave","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128823725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proof and the Principle of Real Truth in Criminal Procedural Law","authors":"Jose Arnaldo Oliveira","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128862381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hermeneutics of Attempt in Iranian Criminal Law","authors":"Hassan Mohammadi Nevisi","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129955064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 21st century will bring us, as the 20th century brought us the specialization of forensic medicine, an increasing integration of subspecialties. The importance of DNA testing in the forensic field as a method of identification lies in its potential applicability to solve many cases that would be difficult to clarify by conventional investigative procedures and in the very high reliability of its results, only comparable with dactyloscopic expertise. The application of this profile allows the use of any fluid from the same person since it presents the same genetic code regardless of where the print comes from such as blood, saliva, semen, hair, sweat. The present research consists of a descriptive investigation that started with a transversal observational study of the application of DNA expertise for identification purposes. A bibliographic review of specialized sources on the subject was carried out, and an assessment was made of the importance of the application of DNA expertise as evidence in criminal proceedings and its impact on due process. It was analyzed the vulnerabilities that threaten the quality of the expertise and how the evaluation of the evidence can be thundered doubtful or inconclusive if the established protocols are not fulfilled, in addition the importance and perspectives of the genetic bank for forensic purposes were widely discussed, as well as the care to be taken by the risks that this has if the security measures provided for this purpose are not met.
{"title":"Forensic Genetics as a Tool for Forensic Investigation at the Crime Scene","authors":"R. Jorge","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000303","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century will bring us, as the 20th century brought us the specialization of forensic medicine, an increasing integration of subspecialties. The importance of DNA testing in the forensic field as a method of identification lies in its potential applicability to solve many cases that would be difficult to clarify by conventional investigative procedures and in the very high reliability of its results, only comparable with dactyloscopic expertise. The application of this profile allows the use of any fluid from the same person since it presents the same genetic code regardless of where the print comes from such as blood, saliva, semen, hair, sweat. The present research consists of a descriptive investigation that started with a transversal observational study of the application of DNA expertise for identification purposes. A bibliographic review of specialized sources on the subject was carried out, and an assessment was made of the importance of the application of DNA expertise as evidence in criminal proceedings and its impact on due process. It was analyzed the vulnerabilities that threaten the quality of the expertise and how the evaluation of the evidence can be thundered doubtful or inconclusive if the established protocols are not fulfilled, in addition the importance and perspectives of the genetic bank for forensic purposes were widely discussed, as well as the care to be taken by the risks that this has if the security measures provided for this purpose are not met.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129233675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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