{"title":"Challenging Paternity Test: Determination of the Relationship 46 Years after Burial","authors":"G. Brescia","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114867961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abdominal Sepsis Associated with Multiple Organ Failure in Patient from the IMSS, UMAE 14","authors":"Torres Hernández RM,","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Signatures are the identity of individuals. Eventually, signatures can be used to prove authenticity of a person. Guided signatures are hereby the signatures that are executed by the individual, by the help of a guided or assisted hand. Guided or assisted signatures are more often confused with the forgery. Though, it is incorrect to say that the guided or assisted signatures are always guided or assisted by the permission of the individual whose signatures are to be executed. So, guided or assisted signatures to require strenuous efforts by the examiner to determine the genuineness of the signatures. In the presented study aim was to determine the characteristics in case of guided signatures and to find the impact of the handwriting of guider handwriting over the handwriting of the genuine signature holder. In this study, 135 signature samples were collected from 90 individuals. The age group ranges from 25 to 60 years. The guided signature samples were collected in a pair, in which one was the individual whose signatures have to be executed and the other individual will be the guider. The features observed were alignment, hesitation, initial and terminal strokes, I dot and t crossbar, pen pause, pen pressure, size of letters, slant, spacing, style of writing, retouching, embellishment, and underscore. This study will assist in determining the peculiar class characteristics of handwriting to be found in guided signatures, also the difference between forgery and guided signatures can be made.
{"title":"Scrutiny and Comparison of Handwriting Characteristics in Questioned Guided Signatures with Standard Signature Samples","authors":"Meenakshi Mahajan","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000168","url":null,"abstract":"Signatures are the identity of individuals. Eventually, signatures can be used to prove authenticity of a person. Guided signatures are hereby the signatures that are executed by the individual, by the help of a guided or assisted hand. Guided or assisted signatures are more often confused with the forgery. Though, it is incorrect to say that the guided or assisted signatures are always guided or assisted by the permission of the individual whose signatures are to be executed. So, guided or assisted signatures to require strenuous efforts by the examiner to determine the genuineness of the signatures. In the presented study aim was to determine the characteristics in case of guided signatures and to find the impact of the handwriting of guider handwriting over the handwriting of the genuine signature holder. In this study, 135 signature samples were collected from 90 individuals. The age group ranges from 25 to 60 years. The guided signature samples were collected in a pair, in which one was the individual whose signatures have to be executed and the other individual will be the guider. The features observed were alignment, hesitation, initial and terminal strokes, I dot and t crossbar, pen pause, pen pressure, size of letters, slant, spacing, style of writing, retouching, embellishment, and underscore. This study will assist in determining the peculiar class characteristics of handwriting to be found in guided signatures, also the difference between forgery and guided signatures can be made.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127202200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study the patella bones from both right and left sides were taken out of 60 individuals (30 males and 30 females). Bones were kept in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for a week for maceration, and then dried and following measurements were taken: Maximum Length, Maximum Width, Maximum Thickness and Lateral Articular Facet Breadth in millimeters, and Weight in grams. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 27.0. Descriptive statistics were obtained for each measurement. Males and females were analyzed separately. Using a two-sample t-test for the parametric data, the mean values of the six measurements were compared between the two sexes to determine if statistically significant differences exist. Receiver operator curve was also applied. Discriminant Equation was obtained. The North Indian population was compared with other populations. In the present study, the mean maximum height of the right side was 37.51mm+3.17SD for females and 41.54mm+2.76SD for males, while the mean of the left side was 37.91mm+2.95SD for females and 42.61mm+2.97SD for males. The sexual dimorphism was significant statistically, with a p-value <0.001 for both sides. The projected cut off value on the right side was 39.56mm with a projected sensitivity of 86.7% and projected specificity of 73.3%, while on the left side cut off value was 38.76mm with a projected sensitivity of 93.3% and projected specificity of 63.3%. The accuracy for classifying males and females based on left and right was 78.3% and 80% respectively. The mean maximum breadth of right side was found to be 37.16mm+3.07SD for females and 42.99mm+2.51SD for males while the mean maximum breadth of left side was found to be 37.88mm+2.95SD for females and 42.61mm+2.97SD for males. The sexual dimorphism was found to be significant statistically with a p value <0.001 for both sides. The projected cut off value on right side was 40.48mm with a projected sensitivity of 90.0% and projected specificity of 96.7% while on left side cut off value was 39.85mm with a projected sensitivity of 90.0% and projected specificity of 83.3%. In the present study, measurements taken on patella bone showed higher mean values for males as compared with females (p<0.001).
{"title":"Sex Determination by Analysis of Patella Measurements in New Delhi Population","authors":"S. Duchania","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000299","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the patella bones from both right and left sides were taken out of 60 individuals (30 males and 30 females). Bones were kept in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for a week for maceration, and then dried and following measurements were taken: Maximum Length, Maximum Width, Maximum Thickness and Lateral Articular Facet Breadth in millimeters, and Weight in grams. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 27.0. Descriptive statistics were obtained for each measurement. Males and females were analyzed separately. Using a two-sample t-test for the parametric data, the mean values of the six measurements were compared between the two sexes to determine if statistically significant differences exist. Receiver operator curve was also applied. Discriminant Equation was obtained. The North Indian population was compared with other populations. In the present study, the mean maximum height of the right side was 37.51mm+3.17SD for females and 41.54mm+2.76SD for males, while the mean of the left side was 37.91mm+2.95SD for females and 42.61mm+2.97SD for males. The sexual dimorphism was significant statistically, with a p-value <0.001 for both sides. The projected cut off value on the right side was 39.56mm with a projected sensitivity of 86.7% and projected specificity of 73.3%, while on the left side cut off value was 38.76mm with a projected sensitivity of 93.3% and projected specificity of 63.3%. The accuracy for classifying males and females based on left and right was 78.3% and 80% respectively. The mean maximum breadth of right side was found to be 37.16mm+3.07SD for females and 42.99mm+2.51SD for males while the mean maximum breadth of left side was found to be 37.88mm+2.95SD for females and 42.61mm+2.97SD for males. The sexual dimorphism was found to be significant statistically with a p value <0.001 for both sides. The projected cut off value on right side was 40.48mm with a projected sensitivity of 90.0% and projected specificity of 96.7% while on left side cut off value was 39.85mm with a projected sensitivity of 90.0% and projected specificity of 83.3%. In the present study, measurements taken on patella bone showed higher mean values for males as compared with females (p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advancements in genome sequencing technologies, improvements in microbial sampling methods and recent approaches in bioinformatics have driven the rise in microbiomics and metagenomics. Diverse ranges of microbial communities are hosted by human bodies which interact with its environment and cause change in it. Human and environmental microbial profiles can be extracted and analyzed to get information of these interactions and they are likely to be applicable in forensics. In this review we explain microbiome and metagenomics with emphasis on its application in forensics and for identification purposes, and factors affecting the microbiome diversity in the light of previous studies. No doubt this field is still in its beginning but the use of microbiomics and metagenomics signature for this purpose has potential to increase the forensic toolkit. Most of time, studies have been affected by sample size limitation and model accuracies which leads to less exploration of the complete potential of microbiomics in forensics. Furthermore, currently the information obtained from microbial forensics is not considered in dubious by the law enforcement agencies. However, extensive research is needed to overcome these challenges to make evidences based on microbiome served to futuristic revolutionary forensic investigations.
{"title":"Microbiome and Metagenome Signatures: The Potential Toolkit for Futuristic Forensic Investigations","authors":"Mubeen Fatima","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000277","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in genome sequencing technologies, improvements in microbial sampling methods and recent approaches in bioinformatics have driven the rise in microbiomics and metagenomics. Diverse ranges of microbial communities are hosted by human bodies which interact with its environment and cause change in it. Human and environmental microbial profiles can be extracted and analyzed to get information of these interactions and they are likely to be applicable in forensics. In this review we explain microbiome and metagenomics with emphasis on its application in forensics and for identification purposes, and factors affecting the microbiome diversity in the light of previous studies. No doubt this field is still in its beginning but the use of microbiomics and metagenomics signature for this purpose has potential to increase the forensic toolkit. Most of time, studies have been affected by sample size limitation and model accuracies which leads to less exploration of the complete potential of microbiomics in forensics. Furthermore, currently the information obtained from microbial forensics is not considered in dubious by the law enforcement agencies. However, extensive research is needed to overcome these challenges to make evidences based on microbiome served to futuristic revolutionary forensic investigations.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132150927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Technology in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Shimaa M. Motawei","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127896946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The personal identification of victim of mass disasters is one of the powers of forensic DNA typing. Genetic genealogy using Y-chromosome STR markers and reverse parentage testing (RPT) aid efforts in familial search investigation. A Dornier aircraft with commandants on board was declared overdue and a month later, skeletal remains found under sea, were subjected to DNA analysis. The case was quite challenging as the skeletal remains exhibited different rates of degradation. The skeletal remains along with reference samples from blood relatives of victims were subjected to different protocols to generate reproducible and typeable, amelogenin, autosomal and Y-STR profiles. Y-chromosome analysis in conjunction with RPT led to establishment of victim identity and rendered fruitful results in familial search investigation.
{"title":"Genetic Genealogy Using Y-STR Markers in Conjunction with Reverse Parentage Testing Aid Efforts in Human Identification and Familial Search Investigation (Case Study)","authors":"Mahalakshmi N","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000270","url":null,"abstract":"The personal identification of victim of mass disasters is one of the powers of forensic DNA typing. Genetic genealogy using Y-chromosome STR markers and reverse parentage testing (RPT) aid efforts in familial search investigation. A Dornier aircraft with commandants on board was declared overdue and a month later, skeletal remains found under sea, were subjected to DNA analysis. The case was quite challenging as the skeletal remains exhibited different rates of degradation. The skeletal remains along with reference samples from blood relatives of victims were subjected to different protocols to generate reproducible and typeable, amelogenin, autosomal and Y-STR profiles. Y-chromosome analysis in conjunction with RPT led to establishment of victim identity and rendered fruitful results in familial search investigation.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114081085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FTIR Analysis for Identification of Semen in Mixed Biological Fluids","authors":"Sonal Jain","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115863778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examination of Trademarks on the Basis of Chemical Examination: A Case Report","authors":"Bhaboklang Nongdhar","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121699990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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