Toxicological Review最新文献

{"title":"Structure of acute chemical poisoning during COVID-19 pandemic (according to a multidiscipline hospital)","authors":"A. H. Lodyagin, Andrei Georgievich Sinenchenko, V. Shilov, B. Batotsyrenov, G. Sinenchenko","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and structure of acute chemical poisoning in the Northwestern region during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study: to analyze the prevalence and structure of acute chemical poisoning among patients of a multidisciplinary hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, archival, monthly statistical data were used on the registration of persons hospitalized in the center for the treatment of acute poisoning of the named after I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of SP in the period 2019-2020. The main method of the study was clinical and epidemiological, which includes an analysis of the intra-annual dynamics of the occurrence of acute chemical poisoning, based on monthly observations. In the statistical processing of the material, numerical characteristics of variables with an assessment of their accuracy and reliability were used, analytical methods aimed at constructing a time series model by autoregression and integrated moving average (ARIMA) were used. Nominal data were compared using the criterion χ2 adjusted for continuity. Results. The epidemiological analysis revealed the main trends indicating a decrease in the total number of admissions of patients with acute chemical poisoning to a multidisciplinary hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic (y = -106.25x + 17.16, R2 = 0.7346). The data obtained indicate, first of all, a decrease in the income of persons with acute alcohol poisoning and higher alcohols, starting from April 2020, which, of course, was facilitated by the introduction of a strictly anti-epidemic regime in the GBU Research Institute of SP named after I.I. Dzhanelidze and the change in the conditions of hospitalization in medical institutions of St. Petersburg during the Covid-19 pandemic. The increase in the frequency of acute poisoning with medicinal substances (antipyretics, analgesics and sedatives) used for the purpose of self-treatment of the main symptoms of an infectious disease has attracted attention. The main problem for public health remains the increase in the number of cases of acute poisoning with narcotic substances from the group of synthetic cathinones, synthetic derivatives of opium, precursors of gamma-hydroxyoximabutyric acid. Conclusion. Data on the prevalence of acute chemical poisoning during the Covid-19 pandemic (according to the multidisciplinary hospital) indicate changes in the frequency of their occurrence and structure. An increase in cases of admission of persons with poisoning with analgesics, antipyretics, psychotropic drugs with sedative effect was found in the analyzed time period.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79304175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygienic substantiation of the hazard classification of substances polluting the atmospheric air, taking into account the «offensiveness» of their odour","authors":"O. V. Budarina, M. A. Pinigin, Z. V. Shipulina, I. B. Andryushin","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Expansion of approaches to assessing the odour of substances polluting the atmospheric air, with the introduction of odorimetry (measuring the strength, intensity of odour) into practice indicates that the existing classification of the olfactory hazard of odorous components according to the “undefined” odour needs to be updated. Materials and methods. Experimental studies with the definition of a quantitative expression of the dependence of the likelihood of odour detection of different strengths on the concentration were carried out using the example of 13 mixtures of volatile organic substances on a dynamic olfactometer. The volume of olfacto-odorimetric studies was over 4600 measurements. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Probit Analysis computer program (v.4.0). Results. Based on the studies carried out, it was found that the lower the ratio of the concentration causing a 5% probability of detection of odour with a strength of 3 points (threshold of “offensiveness”, Limoff.) to the concentration causing a 50% probability of “undefined” odour (detection threshold or the threshold for an “indeterminate” odour, Limindef.), the more dangerous the substance is in relation to the development of an “offensive” odour. A new classification of the hazard of substances is proposed, taking into account the “offensiveness” of their odour: extremely offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤1.5), offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤3), moderately offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤6), slightly offensive (Limoff./Limindef. > 6). Limitations. This study is not without certain limitations, among which the main ones are the use of a relatively new method that requires additional testing; a relatively small number of study participants; methods for presenting odor stimuli and registering them. Conclusion. The ability of odorous substances to cause a feeling of “offensiveness” (“annoyance potential”), and, accordingly, their hazard class depends on the characteristics of the spectra of graph dependences of the probability of different strengths odour on the concentration on the probabilistic grid and the ratio of the parameters of the resulting dependencies.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82334073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological changes in the liver of experimental animals in the early stages after correction of exposure to high doses of paracetamol","authors":"G. V. Timasheva, S. S. Baygildin, A. Bakirov, E. F. Repina, D. Karimov, Nadezhda Yurevna Khusnutdinova, G. F. Mukhammadieva","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-21-28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acetaminophen exhibits hepatotoxicity in overdose, which is the leading cause of drug-induced liver failure. The aim of the research was to study early morphological changes in the liver of experimental animals under the influence of high doses of paracetamol and after correction with hepatoprotectors. Materials and methods. The corrective effect of various drugs - ademetionine, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and oxymethyluracil after exposure to high doses of acetaminophen was studied. Acetaminophen was administered to experimental rats once intragastrically at a dose of 1 g/kg, animals received hepatoprotectors twice (after 1 and 24 hours) or four times (after 1, 24, 48, 72 hours) after the toxicant. Morphological studies of the liver of experimental animals were carried out. Results. Pathomorphological changes were revealed on rat liver preparations after exposure to paracetamol, the most pronounced after 72 hours of exposure. Oxymethyluracil has a protective effect on the structure of the liver during acute exposure to high doses of paracetamol, comparable to the well-known drugs “Heptor” and “Mexidol”. In addition, the protective effect of oxymethyluracil appears earlier. Limitations. Morphological studies of the liver of 90 white male rats were carried out for studying the corrective action of hepatoprotectors after acute exposure to high doses of acetaminophen and after double (after 1 and 24 hours) or quadruple (after 1, 24, 48, 72 hours) administration of ademethionine, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and oxymethyluracil, which allowed to determine an effective means to reduce the toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver. Conclusion. The data obtained may have a certain practical value in terms of the prospective use of oxymethyluracil as an additional effective agent for reducing the toxic effect of paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90917539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute poisonings of chemical etiology in children and legal responsibility of parents","authors":"B. B. Yatsinyuk, P. P. Gavrikov, N. Volkova, E. E. Bebyakina","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-12-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-1-12-20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acute chemical trauma in children is a problem of current interest in clinical toxicology. An analysis of the number of acute poisonings in the territory and the reasons for the development of poisoning makes it possible to identify socially significant nosological forms of the disease, determine the directions of preventive measures and increase the legal responsibility of parents. Materials and methods. The analysis of the dynamics of acute poisoning in children (4471 patients, aged 1 to 17 years) in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra for the period 2008-2017 was carried out based on the materials of the annual sectoral statistical reporting - the report of the Health Department of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (Appendix No. 6 Form No. 64, order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 8, 2002 No. 9). Results. Analysis of the incidence of acute poisoning in children (2008-2017) in the district showed the prevalence of acute chemical injury in children, which does not exceed 37.0 per 100 thousand population, with the highest incidence in groups T51 (614), T40 (401) and T54 (270). In preventive measures, one of the directions is to increase the knowledge of the legal responsibility of parents, the children’s understanding of the dangers of chemicals and the organization of targeted training for parents in first aid programs. Conclusion. The analysis of acute chemical trauma in children in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra identified socially significant groups of acute poisoning (T51, T40, T54). Preventive measures aimed at reducing the number of poisonings should be of an interdepartmental nature. The organization of targeted training for parents in first aid programs contributes to the choice of their tactics in case of suspicion of a chemical substance entering the child’s body and the timely provision of medical care.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75207926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of toxic effects of iron-molybdenum polyoxometalates and mixture of their components","authors":"I. Gette, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Ostroushko, I. Danilova, M. Tonkushina","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-54-59","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The physicochemical properties and the impact on living organisms of nanoparticles and components that make up nanoparticles may differ radically, however, insufficient attention is paid to a comparative study of the toxicity of nanoparticles and constituents of nanoparticles. Material and methods. Biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood of 50 male Wistar rats were determined after a single, seven-fold and thirty-fold intramuscular injection of an aqueous solution of iron-molybdenum nanocluster polyoxometalates (POM) and a mixture of the POM components at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. A solution of a POM components’ mixture was obtained by the destruction of POM with an increase in pH, followed by neutralization, since POM are unstable in an alkaline medium. Results. The introduction of POM did not cause deviations from the norm in the activity of AST, ALT, total alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme, α-amylase, protein content, urea and creatinine, which indicates the absence of cytolytic syndrome, including in the liver and myocardium, no damage to the acinar part of pancreas, changes in bone tissue, preservation of the protein-synthetic function of the liver and the filtering ability of the kidneys. The introduction of a solution of POM components (molybdenum, iron) was accompanied by an increase in the activity of AST, alkaline phosphatase, the AST / ALT ratio after 7 injections and an increase in the last two parameters after 30 injections. The impact of POM is characterized by an increase in the content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood and less pronounced leukopenia, in contrast to the mixture of POM components. Conclusion. A less pronounced deviation from the norm of biochemical parameters and a lower degree of leukopenia make it possible to assess the effect of POM nanoparticles as less toxic than the action of POM components not organized into nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73392901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles for assessing the genotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials in vitro (on the example of carbon nanotubes) (literature review)","authors":"G. F. Gabidinova, G. A. Timerbulatova, L. Fatkhutdinova","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-16-23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NM) is becoming a major concern when investigating new NM for their safety. Each mutagen is considered to be potentially carcinogenic, therefore a genotoxicity assessment is necessary. However, a clear strategy for assessing the genotoxic effect of NM has not yet been developed. Material and methods. The material for the analysis have included literature sources from the bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, RSCI. Results. Physicochemical characterization of NM is carried out using high-resolution microscopic and light scattering methods. Before testing for genotoxicity, it is necessary to know the cytotoxicity of the tested NM in order to select the appropriate concentration range. The most important and significant tests are based on the cell viability. MTT assay is a colorimetric test that evaluates the metabolic activity of cells. In addition, viability can be determined using microscopy, flow cytometry, determination of lactate dehydrogenase. Genotoxicity evaluation can be carried out only after the preliminary steps. The strategy should include genotoxicity endpoints: DNA damage, gene mutations, chromosomal damage. The in vitro mammalian gene mutation test, usually performed using mouse lymphoma cells, detects a wide range of genetic damage, including gene deletions. The most common test for detecting chromosomal damage is an in vitro micronucleus assay. DNA strand breaks are most often assessed using the comet DNA assay. Conclusion. Compulsory stages in the study of the genotoxicity of nanomaterials should be preliminary studies, including physicochemical characterization and assessment of cytotoxicity, as well as the study of the endpoints of genotoxicity and potential mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83973378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of atmospheric air pollution by fine particles based on regional monitoring data","authors":"L. Fatkhutdinova, G. A. Timerbulatova, E. P. Bocharov, E. P. Sizova, G. F. Gabidinova, Layilya Ilfatovna Yapparova, Evgeniy Sergeevich Vasilev, Rustam Lenarovich Sharifullin, S. K. Zaripov, R. Zalyalov","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-24-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-24-32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Air pollution with particulate matter (PM) is a serious global problem. In the Russian Federation, regular field measurements of PMs in the ambient air are carried out only in a few cities, and the data, as a rule, are not systematized. Aim of the study: long-term analysis of the data set on concentrations of fine particles in the ambient air of the city of Kazan. Material and methods. Long-term analysis of ambient air pollution by fine particles in the city of Kazan for the period from 2016 to 2020 has been carried out. To study the effect of separate factors (year, measurement time during the day, climatic conditions, the presence of other pollutants) on the levels of PM10 and PM2.5, regression analysis was applied based on the method of mixed models. To characterize the elemental composition of the PM2.5 fraction, sampling of atmospheric air on PVC filters was carried out by use of 100 NR impactor (TSI, USA). The step function and MPPD model were applied to calculate the number of particles and the mass of the deposited fraction of fine particulate matter in different regions of the human respiratory tract. Results. The PM10 concentrations remained stable over a 5-year period, while the PM2.5 concentrations decreased. At the same time, an increase in the maximum annual concentrations of both fractions was observed. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 significantly depended on climatic conditions. The presence of nitrogen oxides and organic carbon in the ambient air was significantly associated with higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. The elemental composition of PM2.5 fraction was represented mainly by carbon (C) (from 86.16% to 93.45%). Mathematical modeling has shown that PM10 is mainly deposited in the upper respiratory tract, and their presence in the tracheobronchial and alveolar zones is insignificant. PM2.5 particles reach the lower respiratory tract and alveolar area. Conclusion. A statistically significant upward long-term trend in the maximum annual ambient concentrations for both fractions of fine particles can increase health risks. Secondary pollutants (nitrogen oxides, organic carbon) are important factors for the formation of secondary particles in the ambient air. The results obtained indicate that when assessing the risks to public health, it is necessary not only to use the concentrations of fine particles in ambient air, but also to consider the degree of deposition of separate fractions in different parts of the human respiratory tract, considering the alleged pathogenesis and priority target cells characteristic of individual diseases.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72814810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological foundations for substantiating safe levels of exposure to artificial nanomaterials (for example, carbon nanotubes) (literature review)","authors":"G. A. Timerbulatova, L. Fatkhutdinova","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-5-15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanotubes allow them to be used in many fields. The global nanomaterials market is growing every year. An important step in introducing products to the domestic and world markets is to determine the safe exposure levels of CNTs. Establishing a corporate standard can serve as a preliminary stage before the approval of a state hygiene standard. Material and methods. The material for the analysis was the sources of information on the available standards for the content of CNTs in the air of the working area using information from regulatory agencies, research centers, CNT manufacturers, bibliographic and abstract databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, RSCI. Results. A scheme for justifying safe levels of exposure to CNTs (corporate standard) has been developed, consisting of several stages: characterization of CNTs in the air at workplaces, selection of experimental doses of CNTs, preparation of CNT dispersions, and conducting toxicological and hygienic experiments. Justification of the corporate standard is carried out in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The planning of experiments should be carried out taking into account the target organ under the influence of CNT - the respiratory system. The recommended dose / concentration range for experiments should include doses / concentrations derived from calculated and literature data. A necessary step is to obtain homogeneous dispersions in which CNTs become bioavailable for biological systems. In vitro and in vivo experiments determine the level of exposure at which no harmful effect is observed and / or the lowest level of exposure at which there is a harmful effect on the cell culture / respiratory tract of animals. After the stage of substantiating the corporate standard, the enterprise should take measures for several years to adjust the corporate standard based on data from clinical and hygienic studies, during which the working conditions and health status of workers are monitored, and extended toxicological and hygienic studies. Conclusion. The presence of a corporate standard will allow the manufacturer of CNTs to carry out activities for the development and implementation of a production control program with the introduction of monitoring the air condition in the working area. The development of a corporate regulation can be seen as a preparatory stage before the establishment of a government regulation.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83688169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on gene expression of NMDA receptor","authors":"I. Sitnikov, D. Shaikhova, A. M. Amromina, M. Sutunkova, Y. Ryabova, Anastasiya V. Tazhigulova, V. Ruzakov","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-60-66","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Copper plays an important role in the metabolism of the brain, but particles of copper, in the nanometer range, exhibit neurotoxic properties and cause malfunctioning of brain cells. Material and methods. For 6 weeks, 3 times a week, the animals were injected with a suspension of NPs of copper oxide. The determination of the expression of the genes GRIN1, GRIN2a, and GRIN2b, encoding the proteins GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b, respectively, was carried out by real-time PCR with probes. Results. A statistically significant decrease in the expression level of genes encoding NMDA receptor proteins was determined when exposed to 0.5 mg/ml CuO nanoparticles (ΔCt(GRIN1) = 0.813; ΔCt(GRIN2A) = 3.477; ΔCt(GRIN2B) = 1.37) in comparison with control group (ΔCt(GRIN1) = 6.301; ΔCt(GRIN2A) = 7.823; ΔCt(GRIN2B) = 4.747). Conclusion. Evaluation of gene expression of the NMDA receptor may be present in a genetic marker to determine the toxic effect of copper oxide nanoparticles; however, further studies are needed, including behavioral tests to confirm the clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84804544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term oral administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of mammals","authors":"A. Antsiferova, M. Kopaeva, Vyacheslav N Kochkin, P. Kashkarov","doi":"10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-33-38","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Since the beginning of the XXI century, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in various industries, medicine and pharmaceuticals due to their pronounced antibacterial, antiviral and fungicidal properties. In connection with such a high demand for the use of silver nanoparticles, it is very important to understand the associated potential risks from their use. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, there has been a study of the effects of the long-term oral administration of a commercially produced dietary supplement based on silver nanoparticles with a size of 34 nm and stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of 50 μg/day/animal on the cognitive functions of C57Bl/6 mice, as well as their accumulation in the brain by the method of instrumental neutron activation analysis. The dietary supplement used is recommended for people as a treatment for gastrointestinal infections. Results. It was found that after 180 days of administration, silver nanoparticles impair long-term contextual memory, and over time, the content of silver in the brain increases. Conclusion. Presumably impaired cognitive function with accumulation of silver in the brains of mice. This poses the risk of prolonged oral use of the silver nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87493121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}