Introduction: There is a recent growth in the development of mental health applications (MHAPPs) to reduce stigma, improve knowledge and facilitate access to care especially in the area of common mood disorders. Yet, it remains unclear whether such interventions can address the access to care gap equitably in the global North and South. Such understanding could provide insights for mental health innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic as well. Methods: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodical framework, a scoping review was conducted on academic and grey literature published during 2015 and 2019. The countries of India and China were selected as exemplar for the global South and Canada and US for the global North. The reviewed literature was synthesized through thematic analysis and employed the social determinants of health lens. Results: 20 articles were selected for full-text review. The results reveal that MHAPPs for depression and anxiety are efficacious in improving symptoms across the examined regions. Outcome scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, flourishing scale, social interaction anxiety scale) improved in 13 studies. Yet, public awareness in the global North and logistical barriers (mental health stigma/discrimination, financial and social challenges, usability of apps, and cultural barriers to self-care) in the global South inhibit uptake. Conclusion: Awareness of MHAPPs and logistical barriers must be addressed to make MHAPPs more accessible. Policy makers should be cautious in implementing MHAPPs in disadvantaged communities given several challenges. A broader policy level emphasis is needed to address the logistical capabilities and cultural sensitivity of MHAPPs. The findings are also discussed in relation to the digital innovations for mental health in the pandemic. Given the focus of the presented review on specific regions, the transferability of findings warrant caution.
{"title":"Mental health Apps to address inequitable access to care in specific regions of the global North and South: A scoping review","authors":"Raneeshan Rasendran, F. Ahmad","doi":"10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1425","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a recent growth in the development of mental health applications (MHAPPs) to reduce stigma, improve knowledge and facilitate access to care especially in the area of common mood disorders. Yet, it remains unclear whether such interventions can address the access to care gap equitably in the global North and South. Such understanding could provide insights for mental health innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic as well. Methods: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodical framework, a scoping review was conducted on academic and grey literature published during 2015 and 2019. The countries of India and China were selected as exemplar for the global South and Canada and US for the global North. The reviewed literature was synthesized through thematic analysis and employed the social determinants of health lens. Results: 20 articles were selected for full-text review. The results reveal that MHAPPs for depression and anxiety are efficacious in improving symptoms across the examined regions. Outcome scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, flourishing scale, social interaction anxiety scale) improved in 13 studies. Yet, public awareness in the global North and logistical barriers (mental health stigma/discrimination, financial and social challenges, usability of apps, and cultural barriers to self-care) in the global South inhibit uptake. Conclusion: Awareness of MHAPPs and logistical barriers must be addressed to make MHAPPs more accessible. Policy makers should be cautious in implementing MHAPPs in disadvantaged communities given several challenges. A broader policy level emphasis is needed to address the logistical capabilities and cultural sensitivity of MHAPPs. The findings are also discussed in relation to the digital innovations for mental health in the pandemic. Given the focus of the presented review on specific regions, the transferability of findings warrant caution.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114919910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrick Lal, G. Reaume, Christo El Morr, N. Khanlou
This research study explored the mental health seeking behaviour of racialized and non-racialized female students at a large size public university located in Ontario, Canada. A sample consisting of 570 students participated in the cross-sectional survey. The majority (n = 413, 84.1%) were identified as Canadian racialized female students. The remainder (n = 78, 15.9%) were Canadian non-racialized female students, identifying with dominant Canadian culture. We contended that intersectionality, an emergent theoretical and methodological public health framework, provides a powerful tool for understanding these complex interlocking experiences in the context of mental health. High levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were reported by both the racialized non-racialized female students. The proportion of students with CES-D scores > 16 (indicating that may suffer from depression) was higher among the female racialized students (n = 265, 64.2%) than the non-racialized female students (n = 39, 50.0%). Approximately, half of the racialized students (n = 202, 48.9%) had BAS scores > 10 indicating that they may suffer from anxiety. About half (n = 38, 48.7%) of the non-racialized students also had BAS scores > 10 indicating that they may suffer from anxiety. The findings of this research study advocate university governance, healthcare professionals, and counsellors need to improve their services to address the specific needs and concerns of racialized students. Future research should focus on how findings can be translated into practice by designing culturally adaptive treatment modalities, that focus on resolving mental health problems in racialized and non-racialized female students especially in times of crisis similar to the Corvid-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Mental health seeking behaviour of women university students: An intersectional analysis","authors":"Rodrick Lal, G. Reaume, Christo El Morr, N. Khanlou","doi":"10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1436","url":null,"abstract":"This research study explored the mental health seeking behaviour of racialized and non-racialized female students at a large size public university located in Ontario, Canada. A sample consisting of 570 students participated in the cross-sectional survey. The majority (n = 413, 84.1%) were identified as Canadian racialized female students. The remainder (n = 78, 15.9%) were Canadian non-racialized female students, identifying with dominant Canadian culture. We contended that intersectionality, an emergent theoretical and methodological public health framework, provides a powerful tool for understanding these complex interlocking experiences in the context of mental health. High levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were reported by both the racialized non-racialized female students. The proportion of students with CES-D scores > 16 (indicating that may suffer from depression) was higher among the female racialized students (n = 265, 64.2%) than the non-racialized female students (n = 39, 50.0%). Approximately, half of the racialized students (n = 202, 48.9%) had BAS scores > 10 indicating that they may suffer from anxiety. About half (n = 38, 48.7%) of the non-racialized students also had BAS scores > 10 indicating that they may suffer from anxiety. The findings of this research study advocate university governance, healthcare professionals, and counsellors need to improve their services to address the specific needs and concerns of racialized students. Future research should focus on how findings can be translated into practice by designing culturally adaptive treatment modalities, that focus on resolving mental health problems in racialized and non-racialized female students especially in times of crisis similar to the Corvid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"57 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133121451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of migrants is increasing worldwide coupled with an ever-expanding entrenchment of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fabric of daily life. There has been little attention in the health disciplines to the unique ways migrants adopt and are influenced by ICTs across multiple local and transnational social spaces. This scoping review explores the current evidence on migrants’ ICT-mediated transnational social activities and related influences on wellbeing. The review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) methodological framework and a total of 37 articles were included for the final study. Key findings highlight barriers and facilitators of ICT use in transnational contexts, types of ICT-mediated transnational social activities; and reported influences on migrants’ wellbeing. Migrants’ ICT use facilitates reciprocal channels of social support and continuation of valued social roles. Social role disruption, unequal exchange of social support, and mismatch between migrants’ expectations around ICT use and that of left-behind communities are some of the negative processes with psychological, social, and emotional consequences identified in the review. Main review conclusions emphasize the need to further explore the quality and intensity of ICT-mediated social influences on migrants’ wellbeing and to incorporate a transnational lens in the design of digital learning interventions targeting vulnerable migrant populations.
{"title":"Migrants’ wellbeing and use of information and communication technologies.","authors":"J. Salma, L. Kaewwilai, S. A. Ali","doi":"10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1421","url":null,"abstract":"The number of migrants is increasing worldwide coupled with an ever-expanding entrenchment of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fabric of daily life. There has been little attention in the health disciplines to the unique ways migrants adopt and are influenced by ICTs across multiple local and transnational social spaces. This scoping review explores the current evidence on migrants’ ICT-mediated transnational social activities and related influences on wellbeing. The review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) methodological framework and a total of 37 articles were included for the final study. Key findings highlight barriers and facilitators of ICT use in transnational contexts, types of ICT-mediated transnational social activities; and reported influences on migrants’ wellbeing. Migrants’ ICT use facilitates reciprocal channels of social support and continuation of valued social roles. Social role disruption, unequal exchange of social support, and mismatch between migrants’ expectations around ICT use and that of left-behind communities are some of the negative processes with psychological, social, and emotional consequences identified in the review. Main review conclusions emphasize the need to further explore the quality and intensity of ICT-mediated social influences on migrants’ wellbeing and to incorporate a transnational lens in the design of digital learning interventions targeting vulnerable migrant populations.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominic A. Alaazi, S. Meherali, E. Diaz, K. Hegadoren, Neelam Saleem Punjani, B. Salami
Newcomers to Canada experience resettlement challenges that affect their mental well-being. Guided by an intersectionality theoretical framework, we sought the perspectives of immigrant service agencies on factors influencing immigrants’ mental health in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected by means of qualitative interviews and focus groups with immigrant service providers. Our data analysis identified seven themes – precarious immigration status, employment discrimination, social isolation, socioeconomic pressures, sociocultural stress, gender and age-related vulnerabilities, and lack of appropriate mental health supports – reflecting the major intersecting determinants of immigrants’ mental health. We propose policy interventions for addressing the mental health vulnerabilities of immigrants.
{"title":"Perspectives of service agencies on factors influencing immigrants’ mental health in Alberta, Canada","authors":"Dominic A. Alaazi, S. Meherali, E. Diaz, K. Hegadoren, Neelam Saleem Punjani, B. Salami","doi":"10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1437","url":null,"abstract":"Newcomers to Canada experience resettlement challenges that affect their mental well-being. Guided by an intersectionality theoretical framework, we sought the perspectives of immigrant service agencies on factors influencing immigrants’ mental health in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected by means of qualitative interviews and focus groups with immigrant service providers. Our data analysis identified seven themes – precarious immigration status, employment discrimination, social isolation, socioeconomic pressures, sociocultural stress, gender and age-related vulnerabilities, and lack of appropriate mental health supports – reflecting the major intersecting determinants of immigrants’ mental health. We propose policy interventions for addressing the mental health vulnerabilities of immigrants. ","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121442061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dassanayake, S. Rathnayake, Sujeewa Dilhani Maithreepala, Nimanthika Sanjeewani
Introduction: Newspaper cartoons are viewed as an effective means of communicating important social concerns. Method:An exploratory content analysis of newspaper cartoons was done during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sri Lanka . Cartoons from eight daily online newspapers published from 15th of March to 15th of April 2020 were included. “corona”, “COVID-19”, or “Sri Lanka” were used as keywords. Thematic analysis was used to identify the different perspectives of cartoons. Results: Background of COVID-19 pandemic, health, social, economic, political, and environmental aspects emerged within a sample of 87 cartoons. Thirteen common themes were identified as COVID-19 as a pandemic, COVID-19 has become a crisis for Sri Lanka, prevention is the priority, knowledge deficit leads to breaking health advice, efforts to control virus outbreak, shifting socio-cultural practices, effects of lockdown, rich man’s virus – poor suffer the most bringing the global economy to its knee, coronavirus is driving the black market for essential stuff, seeking strategies to hold the election, applying health precautions in election activities and other political involvements. Conclusion: Cartoons were effectively used to give broad health and other messages to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sri Lanka. Newspaper cartoons can be used as an effective mode of disseminating information during a crisis.
{"title":"Engaging in a newspaper cartoon thematic analysis to understand the socioeconomic, health, political, and environmental impact of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka","authors":"D. Dassanayake, S. Rathnayake, Sujeewa Dilhani Maithreepala, Nimanthika Sanjeewani","doi":"10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1420","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Newspaper cartoons are viewed as an effective means of communicating important social concerns. \u0000Method:An exploratory content analysis of newspaper cartoons was done during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sri Lanka . Cartoons from eight daily online newspapers published from 15th of March to 15th of April 2020 were included. “corona”, “COVID-19”, or “Sri Lanka” were used as keywords. Thematic analysis was used to identify the different perspectives of cartoons. \u0000Results: Background of COVID-19 pandemic, health, social, economic, political, and environmental aspects emerged within a sample of 87 cartoons. Thirteen common themes were identified as COVID-19 as a pandemic, COVID-19 has become a crisis for Sri Lanka, prevention is the priority, knowledge deficit leads to breaking health advice, efforts to control virus outbreak, shifting socio-cultural practices, effects of lockdown, rich man’s virus – poor suffer the most bringing the global economy to its knee, coronavirus is driving the black market for essential stuff, seeking strategies to hold the election, applying health precautions in election activities and other political involvements. \u0000Conclusion: Cartoons were effectively used to give broad health and other messages to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sri Lanka. Newspaper cartoons can be used as an effective mode of disseminating information during a crisis.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lapum, M. Nguyen, Sannie Lai, J. McShane, S. Fredericks
Background: Working on the frontlines of hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging and distressing for nurses. The troublesome nature of these emotions have surfaced because of uncharted territory related to this virus, compromised work conditions, unfavourable patient outcomes, and the witnessing of suffering and loss. Although there has been renewed emphasis on how to emotionally support nurses, the nature of support needed is somewhat unknown considering that healthcare professionals have not experienced a pandemic of this magnitude in their lifetime. Aim: We explored how nurses were emotionally supported and how they can be better supported while working in COVID-19 acute care hospital environments. Methods: In this narrative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 registered nurses working in hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area and working on units caring for COVID-19+ patients. Results and Conclusions: Our findings reflected the organic emergence of support, intentional forms of support, and the social justice nature of support. It is important for hospital and government leaders to employ a multifold approach to emotionally support nurses. These supports include information transparency, visible presence of leadership, and recognition of nurses’ contributions. While emotionally supporting nurses, these types of resources can act as “little lights in this dark tunnel” of COVID-19 and illuminate a path forward. Implications: Some strategies relevant to clinical practice include regular rounding of units by leaders, and transparent communication about information and resources. Other strategies are on-site psychological support and legitimate support of mental health sick days as well as lobbying governments for financial compensation for the risky work involved in being a frontline provider and appropriate provision of personal protective equipment.
{"title":"“The little lights in this dark tunnel”: Emotional support of nurses working in COVID-19 acute care hospital environments","authors":"J. Lapum, M. Nguyen, Sannie Lai, J. McShane, S. Fredericks","doi":"10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Working on the frontlines of hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging and distressing for nurses. The troublesome nature of these emotions have surfaced because of uncharted territory related to this virus, compromised work conditions, unfavourable patient outcomes, and the witnessing of suffering and loss. Although there has been renewed emphasis on how to emotionally support nurses, the nature of support needed is somewhat unknown considering that healthcare professionals have not experienced a pandemic of this magnitude in their lifetime. Aim: We explored how nurses were emotionally supported and how they can be better supported while working in COVID-19 acute care hospital environments. Methods: In this narrative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 registered nurses working in hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area and working on units caring for COVID-19+ patients. Results and Conclusions: Our findings reflected the organic emergence of support, intentional forms of support, and the social justice nature of support. It is important for hospital and government leaders to employ a multifold approach to emotionally support nurses. These supports include information transparency, visible presence of leadership, and recognition of nurses’ contributions. While emotionally supporting nurses, these types of resources can act as “little lights in this dark tunnel” of COVID-19 and illuminate a path forward. Implications: Some strategies relevant to clinical practice include regular rounding of units by leaders, and transparent communication about information and resources. Other strategies are on-site psychological support and legitimate support of mental health sick days as well as lobbying governments for financial compensation for the risky work involved in being a frontline provider and appropriate provision of personal protective equipment.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oona St-Amant, M. Vahabi, J. Wong, B. Salami, K. Fung, J. Miholjcic, V. Tan
Background: The Canadian Caregiver program, initiated in 1992, functions to conceal the inadequate public policy and programs on child and elder care in Canada. Consequently, migrant caregivers have become an invisible diaspora filling a domestic labour gap with few protections. Aim and Methods: This scoping review aims to identify the systemic barriers that undermine social integration of migrant caregivers. We searched ten publication index databases from 2001-2020. We retrieved 1,624 articles, after accounting for exclusion criteria, 22 peer-reviewed articles were selected for this review representing migrant women across Canada who are and/or were part of the program. Results: Four key barriers were identified: economic exploitation, deskilling and downward occupational mobility, asymmetrical accountability, and social isolation. Conclusion: Discriminatory policies and hidden exploitative employment practices of the Canadian Caregiver program perpetuate a cycle of marginalization. This review also found that community support groups and alliances function to promote resilience among migrant caregivers through community advocacy.
{"title":"Invisible diaspora: A scoping review of migrant caregivers’ social integration trajectory","authors":"Oona St-Amant, M. Vahabi, J. Wong, B. Salami, K. Fung, J. Miholjcic, V. Tan","doi":"10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1419","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Canadian Caregiver program, initiated in 1992, functions to conceal the inadequate public policy and programs on child and elder care in Canada. Consequently, migrant caregivers have become an invisible diaspora filling a domestic labour gap with few protections. \u0000Aim and Methods: This scoping review aims to identify the systemic barriers that undermine social integration of migrant caregivers. We searched ten publication index databases from 2001-2020. We retrieved 1,624 articles, after accounting for exclusion criteria, 22 peer-reviewed articles were selected for this review representing migrant women across Canada who are and/or were part of the program. \u0000Results: Four key barriers were identified: economic exploitation, deskilling and downward occupational mobility, asymmetrical accountability, and social isolation. \u0000Conclusion: Discriminatory policies and hidden exploitative employment practices of the Canadian Caregiver program perpetuate a cycle of marginalization. This review also found that community support groups and alliances function to promote resilience among migrant caregivers through community advocacy.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114643512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Accounting for treatment preferences is beneficial in practice, it increases adherence to treatment and improves health outcomes. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the most robust in generating valid evidence on effectiveness, yet it ignores participants’ preferences for treatment. This scoping review addressed three questions: 1) How are treatment preferences conceptualized in intervention research? 2) To what extent do treatment preferences affect participants’ enrollment in trials, withdrawal from the study, adherence to treatment, and outcomes? And 3) What designs are used to account for treatment preferences in intervention evaluation research? Methods: The first five steps of the scoping review methodology framework were applied: 1) identifying the research questions; 2) searching the literature; 3) selecting articles; 4) charting data; and 5) summarizing findings. Results: Treatment preferences refer to choice treatment; they are shaped by participants’ beliefs and appraisal of the interventions. Evidence from reviews and primary studies indicated that offering participants the opportunity to choose and receive the preferred treatment enhances enrollment and reduces withdrawal in trials; however, the evidence regarding the influence of treatment preferences on adherence to treatment and improvement in outcomes is inconclusive. Designs that account for treatment preferences include: RCT, RCT with a comprehensive cohort, partially randomized preference trial, and two-stage partially randomized trial. Conclusion: The pattern of results may be attributed to the methods for assessing treatment preferences. A systematic method for assessing preferences is recommended.
{"title":"Influence of preferences in intervention research: A scoping review","authors":"S. Sidani","doi":"10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1424","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Accounting for treatment preferences is beneficial in practice, it increases adherence to treatment and improves health outcomes. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the most robust in generating valid evidence on effectiveness, yet it ignores participants’ preferences for treatment. This scoping review addressed three questions: 1) How are treatment preferences conceptualized in intervention research? 2) To what extent do treatment preferences affect participants’ enrollment in trials, withdrawal from the study, adherence to treatment, and outcomes? And 3) What designs are used to account for treatment preferences in intervention evaluation research? \u0000Methods: The first five steps of the scoping review methodology framework were applied: 1) identifying the research questions; 2) searching the literature; 3) selecting articles; 4) charting data; and 5) summarizing findings. \u0000Results: Treatment preferences refer to choice treatment; they are shaped by participants’ beliefs and appraisal of the interventions. Evidence from reviews and primary studies indicated that offering participants the opportunity to choose and receive the preferred treatment enhances enrollment and reduces withdrawal in trials; however, the evidence regarding the influence of treatment preferences on adherence to treatment and improvement in outcomes is inconclusive. Designs that account for treatment preferences include: RCT, RCT with a comprehensive cohort, partially randomized preference trial, and two-stage partially randomized trial. \u0000Conclusion: The pattern of results may be attributed to the methods for assessing treatment preferences. A systematic method for assessing preferences is recommended.","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125600818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. McCay, P. Tibbo, Gretchen Conrad, Andria Aiello, C. Crocker, H. Beanlands, Jasna K. Schwind, Nicole Kirwan, J. Langley, Clare Sheasgreen, A. Danaher
Our research team implemented and evaluated a 12-week manual-based intervention focused on sustaining recovery for youth with psychosis, as they transitioned from Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI) to community-based care teams. The study employed a mixed methods prospective cohort design. Statistically significant improvement in functioning was observed for the intervention group participants only; as well as observed improvements in self-esteem and quality of life (SQLS), compared to the comparison group who demonstrated a significant decline in functioning. The qualitative findings revealed a sense of optimism about the future and the value of realistic goal-setting in the intervention group. Keywords: Early Psychosis, Transitional Intervention, Recovery, Functioning, Goal-Setting
{"title":"The impact of a transitional intervention for youth living with early psychosis: A mixed methods study","authors":"E. McCay, P. Tibbo, Gretchen Conrad, Andria Aiello, C. Crocker, H. Beanlands, Jasna K. Schwind, Nicole Kirwan, J. Langley, Clare Sheasgreen, A. Danaher","doi":"10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1423","url":null,"abstract":"Our research team implemented and evaluated a 12-week manual-based intervention focused on sustaining recovery for youth with psychosis, as they transitioned from Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI) to community-based care teams. The study employed a mixed methods prospective cohort design. Statistically significant improvement in functioning was observed for the intervention group participants only; as well as observed improvements in self-esteem and quality of life (SQLS), compared to the comparison group who demonstrated a significant decline in functioning. The qualitative findings revealed a sense of optimism about the future and the value of realistic goal-setting in the intervention group. \u0000Keywords: Early Psychosis, Transitional Intervention, Recovery, Functioning, Goal-Setting \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128308407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To date, little is known in terms of viable treatments for insomnia in people living with HIV. The primary aim of this scoping review is to identify non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia in people living with HIV (PLWH). A framework by Arksey and O’Malley was used to guide the conduct of this scoping review. Seven studies were identified. Three of the studies used cognitive-behavioral type of treatments versus physical or alternative types of treatment. The most effective treatments with the largest effect sizes were found to be cognitive-behavioral treatments for the sleep outcomes of sleep quantity (1.11-1.91) and sleep quality (1.11-1.91). This review found that cognitive behavioral interventions were found to be the most effective treatments for insomnia for PLWH. Further research would benefit from larger sample size studies in addition to focusing on the determinants of insomnia in PLWH in order to further provide a treatment that is focused on the needs of PLWH.
{"title":"A scoping review of insomnia treatments for people living with HIV","authors":"Joyal Miranda, S. Sidani, J. Côté, S. Fredericks","doi":"10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32920/IHTP.V1I1.1422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000To date, little is known in terms of viable treatments for insomnia in people living with HIV. The primary aim of this scoping review is to identify non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia in people living with HIV (PLWH). A framework by Arksey and O’Malley was used to guide the conduct of this scoping review. Seven studies were identified. Three of the studies used cognitive-behavioral type of treatments versus physical or alternative types of treatment. The most effective treatments with the largest effect sizes were found to be cognitive-behavioral treatments for the sleep outcomes of sleep quantity (1.11-1.91) and sleep quality (1.11-1.91). This review found that cognitive behavioral interventions were found to be the most effective treatments for insomnia for PLWH. Further research would benefit from larger sample size studies in addition to focusing on the determinants of insomnia in PLWH in order to further provide a treatment that is focused on the needs of PLWH. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":231465,"journal":{"name":"International Health Trends and Perspectives","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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