Objective: To observe the clinical symptoms after haze exposure and analyze the influences on the respiratory tract. Methods: We conduct prospective study by designing questionnaires about respiratory reaction after haze exposure. We distribute, and collect the questionnaires from 301 subjects, and use statistical software to analyze it. Result and Conclusion: (1) Exposure to haze can lead to a series of respiratory and systemic symptoms. The most common symptoms are cough, little sputum, sneezing and running nose, nasal cavity dryness, nasal congestion, dry throat, dry eyes, itchy eyes. (2) The manifestation frequency of most symptoms in population is positively correlated with the haze concentration. (3) Haze irritates the respiratory tract and causes haze-related cough and respiratory allergy symptoms.
{"title":"Investigation on the influences of exposure to winter haze (PM2.5) on 301 subjects’ respiratory tract","authors":"Yuting Zhang, Yushan Liu, Lihong Meng, Huan Dong, X. Gu, Xiaolin Yu, Xiaomei Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018500143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018500143","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the clinical symptoms after haze exposure and analyze the influences on the respiratory tract. Methods: We conduct prospective study by designing questionnaires about respiratory reaction after haze exposure. We distribute, and collect the questionnaires from 301 subjects, and use statistical software to analyze it. Result and Conclusion: (1) Exposure to haze can lead to a series of respiratory and systemic symptoms. The most common symptoms are cough, little sputum, sneezing and running nose, nasal cavity dryness, nasal congestion, dry throat, dry eyes, itchy eyes. (2) The manifestation frequency of most symptoms in population is positively correlated with the haze concentration. (3) Haze irritates the respiratory tract and causes haze-related cough and respiratory allergy symptoms.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41915813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018500155
Xian-jun Sun, Qiuyin Li, Yan Liu, Ting Jiang
Objective: To investigate the effects of raw rhubarb (RR) on the intestinal barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia in rat models with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods: Twenty-seven Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control ([Formula: see text]), sham operation ([Formula: see text]), model ([Formula: see text]), and treatment ([Formula: see text]). Rat models with OJ were used in the model and treatment groups. In the treatment group, rats were intragastrically administered with RR granular solution. After treatment, serum endotoxin (ET), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TB) levels were determined. The liver tissue, bile duct tissue above the obstruction bile duct site, and parts of the ileum and colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed by light microscopy, and the histopathological changes in the ileum were observed by electron microscopy. Results: Fourteen days after the rats in the treatment group were intragastrically administered with RR granular solution, the ALT, AST, and TB levels showed no significant difference between the control and sham operation groups ([Formula: see text]). Serum ET level was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the model group ([Formula: see text]). Histopathology of the liver and bile duct revealed that RR might alleviate OJ-associated hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hepatic fibrosis, and reduce the damage to parietal cells and bile duct mucosa. In OJ rats, RR might also have a protective effect against colonic wall edema and necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions: RR may improve the structural changes in the intestinal mucosa caused by OJ and decrease serum ET level in OJ rats.
{"title":"Protective effect of rhubarb against intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with obstructive jaundice","authors":"Xian-jun Sun, Qiuyin Li, Yan Liu, Ting Jiang","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018500155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018500155","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the effects of raw rhubarb (RR) on the intestinal barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia in rat models with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods: Twenty-seven Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control ([Formula: see text]), sham operation ([Formula: see text]), model ([Formula: see text]), and treatment ([Formula: see text]). Rat models with OJ were used in the model and treatment groups. In the treatment group, rats were intragastrically administered with RR granular solution. After treatment, serum endotoxin (ET), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TB) levels were determined. The liver tissue, bile duct tissue above the obstruction bile duct site, and parts of the ileum and colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed by light microscopy, and the histopathological changes in the ileum were observed by electron microscopy. Results: Fourteen days after the rats in the treatment group were intragastrically administered with RR granular solution, the ALT, AST, and TB levels showed no significant difference between the control and sham operation groups ([Formula: see text]). Serum ET level was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the model group ([Formula: see text]). Histopathology of the liver and bile duct revealed that RR might alleviate OJ-associated hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hepatic fibrosis, and reduce the damage to parietal cells and bile duct mucosa. In OJ rats, RR might also have a protective effect against colonic wall edema and necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions: RR may improve the structural changes in the intestinal mucosa caused by OJ and decrease serum ET level in OJ rats.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018500155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47231248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018300059
Shuyun Wang, Liyan Liu, Wei Zhu, Baiping Cui, Yufan Zheng, Qianqian Liang, Chen Xu, Xinyan Zhou, Ning Sun
Contemporary medicine faces the dilemma of not being able to clearly understand and effectively treat many complex diseases. A major cause is that current medical studies weigh too much on looking into microscopic world and get lost in it. In 1989, Dr. Hsue-Shen Tsien, one of the founders of contemporary System Sciences, first proposed the concept of Open Complex Giant Systems. He also pointed out that humans, in nature, are actually one of the Open Complex Giant Systems. It is time for us to use the methodology of System Sciences which integrates both holism and reductionism to study lives and diseases, especially from the view of Open Complex Giant System. Developed from a holistic view of humans and diseases based on thousands of years of experiences in fighting against human diseases, Traditional Chinese Medicine will undoubtedly provide us many new concepts, ideas, theories, and useful methods in dealing with man and his diseases as an Open Complex Giant System.
{"title":"Open complex giant system and Traditional Chinese Medicine","authors":"Shuyun Wang, Liyan Liu, Wei Zhu, Baiping Cui, Yufan Zheng, Qianqian Liang, Chen Xu, Xinyan Zhou, Ning Sun","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018300059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018300059","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary medicine faces the dilemma of not being able to clearly understand and effectively treat many complex diseases. A major cause is that current medical studies weigh too much on looking into microscopic world and get lost in it. In 1989, Dr. Hsue-Shen Tsien, one of the founders of contemporary System Sciences, first proposed the concept of Open Complex Giant Systems. He also pointed out that humans, in nature, are actually one of the Open Complex Giant Systems. It is time for us to use the methodology of System Sciences which integrates both holism and reductionism to study lives and diseases, especially from the view of Open Complex Giant System. Developed from a holistic view of humans and diseases based on thousands of years of experiences in fighting against human diseases, Traditional Chinese Medicine will undoubtedly provide us many new concepts, ideas, theories, and useful methods in dealing with man and his diseases as an Open Complex Giant System.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018300059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47999525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018200033
V. Nguyen, J. Leung, R. Lewanczuk, S. Vohra, C. Amrhein
Integrative medicine is commonplace across the world, but in North America, it is considered a complement, rather than a mainstay of health care delivery. In Canada, where conventional Western medicine dominates modern health practices, we explore the progress, challenges, and opportunities of complementary medical practices, in particular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the province of Alberta. We provide a TCM policy framework and maturity model as tools to assess the overall state of TCM practices and apply them in an Albertan context. While Alberta has made significant progress in developing capacity, competence, and accountability within TCM practices, the maturity of its practices may be considered to be in their infancy compared to more developed Chinese jurisdictions and some other Canadian provinces. We highlight significant gaps and barriers that limit the potential for complementary medicine to become part of mainstream health care as safe, effective, and quality health care choices, and discuss possible next steps.
{"title":"Exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine in Alberta: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"V. Nguyen, J. Leung, R. Lewanczuk, S. Vohra, C. Amrhein","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018200033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018200033","url":null,"abstract":"Integrative medicine is commonplace across the world, but in North America, it is considered a complement, rather than a mainstay of health care delivery. In Canada, where conventional Western medicine dominates modern health practices, we explore the progress, challenges, and opportunities of complementary medical practices, in particular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the province of Alberta. We provide a TCM policy framework and maturity model as tools to assess the overall state of TCM practices and apply them in an Albertan context. While Alberta has made significant progress in developing capacity, competence, and accountability within TCM practices, the maturity of its practices may be considered to be in their infancy compared to more developed Chinese jurisdictions and some other Canadian provinces. We highlight significant gaps and barriers that limit the potential for complementary medicine to become part of mainstream health care as safe, effective, and quality health care choices, and discuss possible next steps.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018200033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1142/S257590001850012X
Yuhua Wu, Jian Zhou, Jing Li, Jie Liu, Shanqun Li, C. Bai
Objective: To conduct a preliminary study of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) using the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology and to explore the feasibility of the hierarchical diagnosis, treatment, and management of OSAHS patients using IoT medicine in primary hospitals. Methods: The IoT technology and a remote medical monitoring system were used to observe and compare the respiratory and sleep parameters before and after a three-month intervention in 47 patients with OSAHS who met the diagnostic criteria and were selected in the Kashgar region. All parameters were compared based on the severity (mild, moderate, and severe) of OSAHS. Results: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and nighttime minimum oxygen saturation (lowest SaO2min) improved in patients with OSAHS from before to after treatment ([Formula: see text]). The improvements were more profound in OSAHS patients with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Conclusion: The IoT medical technology can help to hierarchically diagnose, treat, and manage patients with OSAHS. It is feasible for primary hospitals in rural regions to use the IoT technology for the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS patients.
{"title":"Application of IoT-based medical diagnosis and treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome in primary hospitals: A preliminary study","authors":"Yuhua Wu, Jian Zhou, Jing Li, Jie Liu, Shanqun Li, C. Bai","doi":"10.1142/S257590001850012X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S257590001850012X","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To conduct a preliminary study of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) using the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology and to explore the feasibility of the hierarchical diagnosis, treatment, and management of OSAHS patients using IoT medicine in primary hospitals. Methods: The IoT technology and a remote medical monitoring system were used to observe and compare the respiratory and sleep parameters before and after a three-month intervention in 47 patients with OSAHS who met the diagnostic criteria and were selected in the Kashgar region. All parameters were compared based on the severity (mild, moderate, and severe) of OSAHS. Results: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and nighttime minimum oxygen saturation (lowest SaO2min) improved in patients with OSAHS from before to after treatment ([Formula: see text]). The improvements were more profound in OSAHS patients with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Conclusion: The IoT medical technology can help to hierarchically diagnose, treat, and manage patients with OSAHS. It is feasible for primary hospitals in rural regions to use the IoT technology for the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS patients.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S257590001850012X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43031925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Traditional Chinese Medicine” (TCM; Zhong Yi) is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice. From the aspect of the category of modern science, there were not appropriate boundaries set for the literature, history and philosophy in the realm of Chinese traditional academics. Thanks to the eastward spread of Western culture and science, the category of disciplines in modern times then came into being. In order to be listed in the system of modern disciplines, traditional disciplines have always been trying to redefine themselves, and “TCM,” of course, is involved. Considering the fact that “TCM” is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of “TCM” from a primitive and then a hierarchical medical term to a relatively full-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western Medicine or modern medicine, from a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Han Medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han Medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and Integrative Medicine, which contributes to the evolution from the dominance of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM; Da Zhong Yi), Trichotomy (San Fen Fa), Five Key Elements (Wu Yao Su) and Three-dimensional Integration (San Rong He), proposed the potential future direction of medicine, stressed the importance of taking the essence and discarding the dregs in TCM, and appreciated those who are able to perceive similarities in differences. We looked forward to reconstructing the system of TCM by the integration of the part that is unconsciously ahead of modern medicine and that has already reached consensus with modern medicine from all the traditional medicines in China, which would promise a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine.
{"title":"The evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a disciplinary concept and its essence throughout history","authors":"Wenxian Liu, Linwei Lu, Cheng Ma, Chen Yan, Zhengxiao Zhao, N. Mohammadtursun, Lingli Hu, Wuniqiemu Tulake, Shan Jiang, Zhen Gao, Yuanhao Zhang, Jingcheng Dong","doi":"10.1142/S257590001810002X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S257590001810002X","url":null,"abstract":"“Traditional Chinese Medicine” (TCM; Zhong Yi) is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice. From the aspect of the category of modern science, there were not appropriate boundaries set for the literature, history and philosophy in the realm of Chinese traditional academics. Thanks to the eastward spread of Western culture and science, the category of disciplines in modern times then came into being. In order to be listed in the system of modern disciplines, traditional disciplines have always been trying to redefine themselves, and “TCM,” of course, is involved. Considering the fact that “TCM” is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of “TCM” from a primitive and then a hierarchical medical term to a relatively full-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western Medicine or modern medicine, from a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Han Medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han Medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and Integrative Medicine, which contributes to the evolution from the dominance of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM; Da Zhong Yi), Trichotomy (San Fen Fa), Five Key Elements (Wu Yao Su) and Three-dimensional Integration (San Rong He), proposed the potential future direction of medicine, stressed the importance of taking the essence and discarding the dregs in TCM, and appreciated those who are able to perceive similarities in differences. We looked forward to reconstructing the system of TCM by the integration of the part that is unconsciously ahead of modern medicine and that has already reached consensus with modern medicine from all the traditional medicines in China, which would promise a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S257590001810002X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018300047
Amin Tamadon, Wei Hu, P. Cui, Tong Ma, Xiaoyu Tong, Feifei Zhang, Xin Li, Linus R. Shao, Yi Feng
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological metabolic and endocrine disorder with uncertain etiology. To understand the etiology of PCOS or the evaluation of various therapeutic agents, different animal models have been introduced. Considering this fact that is difficult to develop an animal model that mimics all aspects of this syndrome, but, similarity of biological, anatomical, and/or biochemical features of animal model to the human PCOS phenotypes can increase its application. This review paper evaluates the recently researched animal models and introduced the best models for different research purposes in PCOS studies. During January 2013 to January 2017, 162 studies were identified which applied various kinds of animal models of PCOS including rodent, primate, ruminant and fish. Between these models, prenatal and pre-pubertal androgen rat models and then prenatal androgen mouse model have been studied in detail than others. The comparison of main features of these models with women PCOS demonstrates higher similarity of these three models to human conditions. Thereafter, letrozole models can be recommended for the investigation of various aspects of PCOS. Interestingly, similarity of PCOS features of post-pubertal insulin and human chorionic gonadotropin rat models with women PCOS were considerable which can make it as a good choice for future investigations.
{"title":"How to choose the suitable animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome?","authors":"Amin Tamadon, Wei Hu, P. Cui, Tong Ma, Xiaoyu Tong, Feifei Zhang, Xin Li, Linus R. Shao, Yi Feng","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018300047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018300047","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological metabolic and endocrine disorder with uncertain etiology. To understand the etiology of PCOS or the evaluation of various therapeutic agents, different animal models have been introduced. Considering this fact that is difficult to develop an animal model that mimics all aspects of this syndrome, but, similarity of biological, anatomical, and/or biochemical features of animal model to the human PCOS phenotypes can increase its application. This review paper evaluates the recently researched animal models and introduced the best models for different research purposes in PCOS studies. During January 2013 to January 2017, 162 studies were identified which applied various kinds of animal models of PCOS including rodent, primate, ruminant and fish. Between these models, prenatal and pre-pubertal androgen rat models and then prenatal androgen mouse model have been studied in detail than others. The comparison of main features of these models with women PCOS demonstrates higher similarity of these three models to human conditions. Thereafter, letrozole models can be recommended for the investigation of various aspects of PCOS. Interestingly, similarity of PCOS features of post-pubertal insulin and human chorionic gonadotropin rat models with women PCOS were considerable which can make it as a good choice for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018300047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018500076
Lin Jiang, Genlong Wu, P. Fang, Zhensheng Xu, Zihui Tang
Background: We developed clinical risk models for predicting diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in Chinese diabetic patients. Methods: A Chinese cohort of 455 diabetic participants underwent a short heart rate variability (HRV) test which was recruited between 2011 and 2013. Clinical risk models were developed that included independent and significant risk factors by using multiple variable stepwise regressions. These clinical risk models were tested in another independent cohort of Chinese individuals. Results: The clinical risk models included age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma blood glucose, triglycerides, resting HRs, and duration of diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the study group was 0.794. In the model with the continuous variables, the area under the ROC curve was 0.810. A cutoff score of 12.54 which produced the optimal sensitivity (68.20%) and specificity (76.80%) and identified the percentage (35.77%) of the population that required subsequent testing. Conclusions: The clinical risk models showed high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of DCAN in Chinese diabetic patients.
{"title":"Development of clinical risk models for diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a Chinese population using logistic regression analysis","authors":"Lin Jiang, Genlong Wu, P. Fang, Zhensheng Xu, Zihui Tang","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018500076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018500076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We developed clinical risk models for predicting diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in Chinese diabetic patients. Methods: A Chinese cohort of 455 diabetic participants underwent a short heart rate variability (HRV) test which was recruited between 2011 and 2013. Clinical risk models were developed that included independent and significant risk factors by using multiple variable stepwise regressions. These clinical risk models were tested in another independent cohort of Chinese individuals. Results: The clinical risk models included age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma blood glucose, triglycerides, resting HRs, and duration of diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the study group was 0.794. In the model with the continuous variables, the area under the ROC curve was 0.810. A cutoff score of 12.54 which produced the optimal sensitivity (68.20%) and specificity (76.80%) and identified the percentage (35.77%) of the population that required subsequent testing. Conclusions: The clinical risk models showed high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of DCAN in Chinese diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018500076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43246474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1), a sophisticated danger signal with pleiotropic functions, has been proved to function as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In the central neural system (CNS), HMGB1 can stimulate microglia, the immune cell in the CNS, to release inflammatory factors and to cause chronic neurodegeneration. The evidence showed that HMGB1 can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly through its receptors like advanced glycation end product (RAGE), Toll-like 4 (TLR4), and so on. Moreover, HMGB1 contributed to the priming effects of stress-pretreatment and played a key role in neurodegeneration diseases via mediating neuroinflammation. However, the evidence also showed that HMGB1 played a role in tissue repair, with the ability to promote cell migration and proliferation, to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to regenerate spinal cord. These pleiotropic functions of HMGB1 make it possible to play a role from cell death to new life. Depression is a chronic, severe, and often life-threatening disease accompanied with impaired neurogenesis. The evidence showed that neuroinflammation played a key role in the process of depression. Depressive patients often showed a high expression of inflammatory cytokines in the blood and an activation of microglia in the brain. Meanwhile, they also showed a neuron deficit in the brain. Though they lack direct evidence linking HMGB1 with depression, the ability of HMGB1 that can function from neuroinflammation to tissue repair makes HMGB1 a promising therapeutic target of depression.
{"title":"The role of HMGB1 in neuroinflammation and tissue repair: A potential therapeutic target for depression?","authors":"Lumei Liu, Zhengxiao Zhao, Linwei Lu, Jiaqi Liu, Xiao Wu, Jing Sun, Ying Wei, Jingcheng Dong","doi":"10.1142/S2575900018300035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2575900018300035","url":null,"abstract":"High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1), a sophisticated danger signal with pleiotropic functions, has been proved to function as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In the central neural system (CNS), HMGB1 can stimulate microglia, the immune cell in the CNS, to release inflammatory factors and to cause chronic neurodegeneration. The evidence showed that HMGB1 can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly through its receptors like advanced glycation end product (RAGE), Toll-like 4 (TLR4), and so on. Moreover, HMGB1 contributed to the priming effects of stress-pretreatment and played a key role in neurodegeneration diseases via mediating neuroinflammation. However, the evidence also showed that HMGB1 played a role in tissue repair, with the ability to promote cell migration and proliferation, to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to regenerate spinal cord. These pleiotropic functions of HMGB1 make it possible to play a role from cell death to new life. Depression is a chronic, severe, and often life-threatening disease accompanied with impaired neurogenesis. The evidence showed that neuroinflammation played a key role in the process of depression. Depressive patients often showed a high expression of inflammatory cytokines in the blood and an activation of microglia in the brain. Meanwhile, they also showed a neuron deficit in the brain. Though they lack direct evidence linking HMGB1 with depression, the ability of HMGB1 that can function from neuroinflammation to tissue repair makes HMGB1 a promising therapeutic target of depression.","PeriodicalId":23184,"journal":{"name":"Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2575900018300035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S2575900018500106
Aman Gul, Nassirhadjy Memtily, Aikeranmu Aihemaiti, Amir Abdukadir, Palidan Wushuer
Objective: Race and ethnicity may impact the prevalence and severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults and children. In this study, we aim to investigate the ethnologic influence on OSA severity between Han and Uyghur OSA patients in Xinjiang, China.Methods: We enrolled total of 382 (205 Han and 177 Uyghur) patients diagnosed with OSA with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) or respiratory disturbance index (RDI) [Formula: see text] 5. During admission, the severity of OSA was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG).Results: From demographic characteristics of enrolled patients, we found that there was no significant difference in sex, age, BMI, and neck circumference between two study populations. Uyghur OSA patients had longer sleep latency, longer REM sleep and N3 stage, but shorter N1 phase than Han OSA patients. AHI and apnea RDI level, but not hypopnea RDI, were evidently higher in Han patients compared with Uyghur patients. There was no distinctive difference between two ethnic populations in average and minimum peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SaO2) level.Conclusion: Better understanding of impact factors encompassing ethnicity may help improve OSA diagnosis accuracy, management and treatment for patients in Xinjiang.
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