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Are Microfibers a Threat to Marine Invertebrates? A Sea Urchin Toxicity Assessment. 微纤维会威胁海洋无脊椎动物吗?海胆毒性评估
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100753
Jennifer Barbosa Dos Santos, Rodrigo Brasil Choueri, Francisco Eduardo Melo Dos Santos, Laís Adrielle de Oliveira Santos, Letícia Fernanda da Silva, Caio Rodrigues Nobre, Milton Alexandre Cardoso, Renata de Britto Mari, Fábio Ruiz Simões, Tomas Angel Delvalls, Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri

The rise of "fast fashion" has driven up the production of low-cost, short-lived clothing, significantly increasing global textile fiber production and, consequently, exacerbating environmental pollution. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of different types of anthropogenic microfibers-cotton, polyester, and mixed fibers (50% cotton: 50% polyester)-on marine organisms, specifically sea urchin embryos. All tested fibers exhibited toxicity, with cotton fibers causing notable effects on embryonic development even at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research also simulated a scenario where microfibers were immersed in seawater for 30 days to assess changes in toxicity over time. The results showed that the toxicity of microfibers increased with both concentration and exposure duration, with polyester being the most toxic among the fibers tested. Although synthetic fibers have been the primary focus of previous research, this study highlights that natural fibers like cotton, which are often overlooked, can also be toxic due to the presence of harmful additives. These natural fibers, despite decomposing faster than synthetic ones, can persist in aquatic environments for extended periods. The findings underline the critical need for further research on both natural and synthetic microfibers to understand their environmental impact and potential threats to marine ecosystems and sea urchin populations.

快时尚 "的兴起推动了低成本、短寿命服装的生产,大大增加了全球纺织纤维的产量,从而加剧了环境污染。本研究调查了不同类型的人为超细纤维(棉、聚酯和混合纤维(50% 棉:50% 聚酯))对海洋生物(特别是海胆胚胎)的生态毒理学影响。所有受测纤维都表现出毒性,其中棉纤维即使在环境相关浓度下也会对胚胎发育造成显著影响。研究还模拟了将超细纤维在海水中浸泡 30 天的情景,以评估其毒性随时间的变化。结果表明,超细纤维的毒性随着浓度和暴露时间的增加而增加,其中聚酯纤维的毒性是测试纤维中最大的。虽然合成纤维是以往研究的主要重点,但这项研究强调,棉花等经常被忽视的天然纤维也可能因含有有害添加剂而具有毒性。尽管这些天然纤维的分解速度比合成纤维快,但它们可以在水生环境中长期存在。这些发现强调了进一步研究天然和合成超细纤维的迫切需要,以了解它们对环境的影响以及对海洋生态系统和海胆种群的潜在威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Dopaminergic- and Serotonergic-Dependent Behaviors Are Altered by Lanthanide Series Metals in Caenorhabditis elegans. 镧系元素改变了草履虫的多巴胺能和血清素能依赖行为
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100754
Anthony Radzimirski, Michael Croft, Nicholas Ireland, Lydia Miller, Jennifer Newell-Caito, Samuel Caito

The lanthanide series elements are transition metals used as critical components of electronics, as well as rechargeable batteries, fertilizers, antimicrobials, contrast agents for medical imaging, and diesel fuel additives. With the surge in their utilization, lanthanide metals are being found more in our environment. However, little is known about the health effects associated with lanthanide exposure. Epidemiological studies as well as studies performed in rodents exposed to lanthanum (La) suggest neurological damage, learning and memory impairment, and disruption of neurotransmitter signaling, particularly in serotonin and dopamine pathways. Unfortunately, little is known about the neurological effects of heavier lanthanides. As dysfunctions of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling are implicated in multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, it is of utmost importance to determine the effects of La and other lanthanides on these neurotransmitter systems. We therefore hypothesized that early-life exposure of light [La (III) or cerium (Ce (III))] or heavy [erbium (Er (III)) or ytterbium (Yb (III))] lanthanides in Caenorhabditis elegans could cause dysregulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling upon adulthood. Serotonergic signaling was assessed by measuring pharyngeal pump rate, crawl-to-swim transition, as well as egg-laying behaviors. Dopaminergic signaling was assessed by measuring locomotor rate and egg-laying and swim-to-crawl transition behaviors. Treatment with La (III), Ce (III), Er (III), or Yb (III) caused deficits in serotonergic or dopaminergic signaling in all assays, suggesting both the heavy and light lanthanides disrupt these neurotransmitter systems. Concomitant with dysregulation of neurotransmission, all four lanthanides increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased glutathione and ATP levels. This suggests increased oxidative stress, which is a known modifier of neurotransmission. Altogether, our data suggest that both heavy and light lanthanide series elements disrupt serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling and may affect the development or pharmacological management of related neurological conditions.

镧系元素是过渡金属,可用作电子产品的关键成分,也可用作充电电池、肥料、抗菌剂、医学成像造影剂和柴油添加剂。随着镧系金属的使用量激增,在我们的环境中发现的镧系金属也越来越多。然而,人们对接触镧系元素对健康的影响知之甚少。流行病学研究以及对暴露于镧(La)的啮齿类动物进行的研究表明,镧(La)会对神经系统造成损害、影响学习和记忆,并破坏神经递质信号转导,尤其是在血清素和多巴胺通路中。遗憾的是,人们对较重的镧系元素对神经系统的影响知之甚少。由于血清素能和多巴胺能信号传导功能障碍与多种神经系统疾病有关,包括帕金森病、抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍,因此确定 La 和其他镧系元素对这些神经递质系统的影响至关重要。因此,我们假设,草履虫早期暴露于轻[La (III)或铈(Ce (III)]]或重[铒(Er (III))或镱(Yb (III)]]镧系元素可能会导致其成年后血清素能和多巴胺能信号传导失调。通过测量咽泵速率、爬行到游泳的转变以及产卵行为来评估血清素能信号传导。多巴胺能信号通过测量运动速率、产卵和游泳到爬行的过渡行为进行评估。在所有试验中,用 La (III)、Ce (III)、Er (III) 或 Yb (III) 处理都会导致血清素能或多巴胺能信号的缺失,这表明重镧系元素和轻镧系元素都会破坏这些神经递质系统。在神经传递失调的同时,所有四种镧系元素都增加了活性氧(ROS)的生成,降低了谷胱甘肽和 ATP 的水平。这表明氧化应激增加,而氧化应激是已知的神经传递调节因子。总之,我们的数据表明,重镧系元素和轻镧系元素都会破坏5-羟色胺能和多巴胺能信号传导,并可能影响相关神经系统疾病的发展或药物治疗。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Copper in Alzheimer's Disease Etiopathogenesis: An Updated Systematic Review. 铜在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的作用:最新系统综述。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100755
Angela Sabalic, Veronica Mei, Giuliana Solinas, Roberto Madeddu

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly. Although the etiology of AD is unknow, an increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the toxic aggregation of Aβ plaques. Several factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, hormonal changes, and metal exposure, could increase the risk of developing AD. In this review, we will examine the role of copper (Cu) in the pathophysiology of AD, as well as the mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity and cognitive decline.

Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature analysis over the last ten years on AD and Cu. Only late-onset Alzheimer's disease was considered; only studies on elderly people of both sexes were included.

Results: A total of seven articles were picked for this review, three studies focused on non-ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (non-Cp-Cu) and four on ceruloplasmin-bound Copper (Cp-Cu). The results showed higher Cu concentrations in patients compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of Cu may contribute to the progression of AD, potentially interacting with ATP7B mutations, oxidative stress (OS), and amyloid-β plaques. Future research is needed to provide more robust evidence and better characterize the relationship between AD and Cu.

背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是导致老年人痴呆和认知能力下降的最常见原因。虽然阿尔茨海默病的病因尚不清楚,但淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的增加会导致 Aβ 斑块的毒性聚集。高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、荷尔蒙变化和金属接触等多种因素都可能增加罹患AD的风险。在这篇综述中,我们将研究铜(Cu)在AD病理生理学中的作用,以及参与神经毒性和认知能力下降的机制:本综述根据 PRISMA 指南进行。我们对过去十年间有关 AD 和铜的文献进行了全面分析。只考虑了晚发性阿尔茨海默病;只纳入了对男女老年人的研究:本综述共选取了七篇文章,其中三篇研究的重点是非髓磷蛋白结合铜(non-Cp-Cu),四篇研究的重点是髓磷蛋白结合铜(Cp-Cu)。结果显示,与健康对照组相比,患者体内的铜浓度更高:结论:铜浓度升高可能会与ATP7B突变、氧化应激(OS)和淀粉样蛋白-β斑块相互作用,导致AD进展。未来的研究需要提供更有力的证据,并更好地描述AD与铜之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in a Sheep-Based Food System: Implications for Human Health. 以绵羊为基础的食物系统中重金属的空间和生物累积:对人类健康的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100752
Florin-Ioan Fechete, Maria Popescu, Sorin-Marian Mârza, Loredana-Elena Olar, Ionel Papuc, Florin-Ioan Beteg, Robert-Cristian Purdoiu, Andrei Răzvan Codea, Caroline-Maria Lăcătuș, Ileana-Rodica Matei, Radu Lăcătuș, Adela Hoble, Ioan Valentin Petrescu-Mag, Florin-Dumitru Bora

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils presents serious environmental and health risks. This study assessed the bioaccumulation and spatial distribution of nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper within a sheep-based food chain in the Baia Mare region, Romania, which includes soil, green grass, sheep serum, and dairy products. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we analyzed the concentrations of these metals and calculated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to evaluate their transfer through trophic levels. Spatial analysis revealed that copper (up to 2528.20 mg/kg) and zinc (up to 1821.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits, particularly near former mining sites. Elevated lead (807.59 mg/kg) and cadmium (2.94 mg/kg) were observed in industrial areas, while nickel and cobalt showed lower concentrations, but with localized peaks. Zinc was the most abundant metal in grass, while cadmium transferred efficiently to milk and cheese, raising potential health concerns. The results underscore the complex interplay between soil properties, contamination sources, and biological processes in heavy metal accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to protect public health from potential exposure through contaminated dairy products.

农业土壤中的重金属污染带来了严重的环境和健康风险。本研究评估了罗马尼亚巴亚马雷地区以绵羊为食的食物链中镍、镉、锌、铅和铜的生物累积和空间分布情况,其中包括土壤、青草、羊血清和乳制品。我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析了这些金属的浓度,并计算了生物富集因子(BCFs),以评估它们在营养级中的转移情况。空间分析表明,铜(高达 2528.20 毫克/千克)和锌(高达 1821.40 毫克/千克)超过了允许限值,尤其是在以前的采矿点附近。铅(807.59 毫克/千克)和镉(2.94 毫克/千克)在工业区浓度较高,而镍和钴的浓度较低,但在局部地区出现峰值。锌是草地中含量最高的金属,而镉则会有效地转移到牛奶和奶酪中,从而引发潜在的健康问题。研究结果强调了重金属积累过程中土壤性质、污染源和生物过程之间复杂的相互作用。这些发现强调了持续监测、风险评估和缓解策略的重要性,以保护公众健康免受受污染乳制品的潜在危害。
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引用次数: 0
Health Effects of Methylmercury in Coastal Areas of the Yatsushiro Sea, Far from Minamata. 远离水俣的八代海沿岸地区甲基汞对健康的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100751
Shigeru Takaoka, Tadashi Fujino, Shin-Ichi Shigeoka, Yaeko Itai

Minamata disease, caused by ingesting seafood contaminated with methylmercury dumped by corporations, was discovered in 1956; however, there has been no continued investigation to determine the full extent of the damage. Since 2004, it has been discovered that affected patients can be found in areas further away from Minamata than previously known. In the present study, we investigated various symptoms and somatosensory disturbances in western Miyanokawachi District, northern Himedo District, southwestern Nagashima District, and the uncontaminated Amami district and calculated the proportion of patients with sensory disturbances as a percentage of the population in each area. Both touch and pain sensations, with a predominance of the peripheral extremities, were observed in 58.6% of patients in Miyanokawachi, 53.9% in Himedo, 37.8% in Nagashima, and 1.4% in Amami. The lowest estimates of attributable fractions of the exposed group for four-limb-predominant sensory disturbance in the population of the contaminated districts were 94.1% in Miyanokawachi, 94.6% in Himedo, and 91.4% in Nagashima, and general and perioral sensory disturbances were also high. This suggests that the presence or absence of these sensory disturbances is useful in the diagnosis of Minamata disease, even in more distant parts of the Yatsushiro Sea area.

水俣病是因摄入被企业倾倒的甲基汞污染的海产品而引起的,于 1956 年被发现。自 2004 年以来,人们发现在离水俣更远的地区也有患者。在本研究中,我们调查了宫之川町地区西部、绯户地区北部、长岛地区西南部和未受污染的奄美地区的各种症状和体感障碍,并计算了各地区感官障碍患者占人口的比例。宫之川町有 58.6% 的患者有触觉和痛觉,以四肢末梢为主,绯户有 53.9%,长岛有 37.8%,奄美有 1.4%。在受污染地区的人口中,四肢为主的感觉障碍受影响组的可归因比例最低估计值为宫之川町的 94.1%、绯户的 94.6%和长岛的 91.4%,全身和口周感觉障碍的比例也很高。这表明,这些感觉障碍的存在与否有助于诊断水俣病,即使在八代海地区较远的地方也是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Dynamic Toxicity of Nanoparticles Using Machine Learning. 利用机器学习预测纳米粒子的动态毒性
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100750
Ivan Khokhlov, Leonid Legashev, Irina Bolodurina, Alexander Shukhman, Daniil Shoshin, Svetlana Kolesnik

Predicting the toxicity of nanoparticles plays an important role in biomedical nanotechnologies, in particular in the creation of new drugs. Safety analysis of nanoparticles can identify potentially harmful effects on living organisms and the environment. Advanced machine learning models are used to predict the toxicity of nanoparticles in a nutrient solution. In this article, we performed a comparative analysis of the current state of research in the field of nanoparticle toxicity analysis using machine learning methods; we trained a regression model for predicting the quantitative toxicity of nanoparticles depending on their concentration in the nutrient solution at a fixed point in time with the achieved metrics values of MSE = 2.19 and RMSE = 1.48; we trained a multi-class classification model for predicting the toxicity class of nanoparticles depending on their concentration in the nutrient solution at a fixed point in time with the achieved metrics values of Accuracy = 0.9756, Recall = 0.9623, F1-Score = 0.9640, and Log Loss = 0.1855. As a result of the analysis, we concluded the good predictive ability of the trained models. The optimal dosages for the nanoparticles under study were determined as follows: ZnO = 9.5 × 10-5 mg/mL; Fe3O4 = 0.1 mg/mL; SiO2 = 1 mg/mL. The most significant features of predictive models are the diameter of the nanoparticle and the nanoparticle concentration in the nutrient solution.

预测纳米粒子的毒性在生物医学纳米技术中发挥着重要作用,尤其是在创造新药物方面。对纳米粒子进行安全分析可以确定其对生物体和环境的潜在有害影响。先进的机器学习模型可用于预测营养液中纳米粒子的毒性。在本文中,我们利用机器学习方法对纳米粒子毒性分析领域的研究现状进行了比较分析;我们训练了一个回归模型,用于预测纳米粒子的定量毒性,该模型取决于纳米粒子在营养液中固定时间点的浓度,所达到的指标值为 MSE = 2.19 和 RMSE = 1.48;我们训练了一个多类分类模型,用于根据纳米粒子在营养液中的浓度预测其在固定时间点的毒性类别,其指标值分别为准确率 = 0.9756、召回率 = 0.9623、F1-分数 = 0.9640 和对数损失 = 0.1855。分析结果表明,训练有素的模型具有良好的预测能力。所研究的纳米粒子的最佳剂量确定如下:ZnO = 9.5 × 10-5 mg/mL;Fe3O4 = 0.1 mg/mL;SiO2 = 1 mg/mL。预测模型的最大特点是纳米粒子的直径和营养液中的纳米粒子浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Human Exposure through the Diet to Arsenic and Other Toxic Elements: A Literature Review of Scientific Studies Conducted in Catalonia, Spain, in the Current Century. 人类通过饮食接触砷和其他有毒元素:本世纪西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区科学研究文献综述》。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100749
Jose L Domingo

Human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements such as cadmium, lead and mercury may lead to a wide range of adverse health effects. In relation to this, it is well established that the diet is the main route of exposure to both essential and toxic trace elements. In recent years, the levels of toxic elements in foodstuffs have been measured in numerous studies conducted all over the world. Scientific databases show that, in the current century, China and Spain have been the countries where the most surveys on this topic have been carried out. Regarding Spain, Catalonia is the region where most studies aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in food have been performed. The objective of this paper was to review the studies carried out in Catalonia on the concentrations of As and toxic metals (including Cd, Hg and Pb) in food, as well as their estimated dietary intakes (EDIs). The results of total diet studies (TDSs) and duplicate diet (DD) studies have been included. For most toxic elements, a continued reduction in the EDI has been observed. This reduction is associated with a decrease in their concentrations in food, and with certain changes in dietary habits. Fish and seafood is the food group showing the highest content of toxic elements. However, none of the adult groups exceeded-in general-the safety thresholds for As, Cd, Hg and Pb established by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA).

人类接触砷和其他有毒元素(如镉、铅和汞)可能会对健康产生广泛的不利影响。在这方面,饮食是人体摄入必需元素和有毒微量元素的主要途径,这一点已得到公认。近年来,世界各地进行了大量研究,测量食品中有毒元素的含量。科学数据库显示,在本世纪,中国和西班牙是开展这方面调查最多的国家。就西班牙而言,加泰罗尼亚地区是研究食品中微量元素浓度最多的地区。本文旨在回顾加泰罗尼亚地区就食物中砷和有毒金属(包括镉、汞和铅)的浓度及其估计膳食摄入量(EDI)所开展的研究。其中包括总膳食研究(TDS)和重复膳食研究(DD)的结果。大多数有毒元素的膳食摄入量持续下降。这种降低与食物中有毒元素浓度的降低以及饮食习惯的某些改变有关。鱼类和海产品是有毒元素含量最高的食物类别。不过,总的来说,所有成人食品都没有超过欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)规定的砷、镉、汞和铅的安全阈值。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites on Lipid Profiles: Does Oxidative Stress Play a Crucial Mediation Role? 尿液中多环芳香烃代谢物对血脂谱的影响:氧化应激是否起着关键的调解作用?
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100748
Yuting Wang, Jia Xu, Liujie Yang, Nan Zhang, Liwen Zhang, Bin Han
<p><p>Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites are associated with oxidative stress; however, epidemiological studies have not reported the impacts of these urinary PAH metabolites on blood lipid levels. This study investigated the relationship between urinary PAH metabolites, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and blood lipid profiles. A total of 109 elderly volunteers were recruited with complete datasets for analysis. Blood and morning urine samples were collected in the winter of 2011. The PAH metabolites, creatinine, and 8-OHdG levels in urine samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and an ELISA kit, respectively. The blood lipid profiles were analyzed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The relationship between lipid profiles and 8-OHdG was assessed using a two-independent sample nonparametric test, categorized by gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption status. After normalizing the concentration values, a general linear regression model was employed to examine the correlations between PAH metabolites, 8-OHdG, and lipid profiles. A mediation model was developed to investigate the mediating effect of 8-OHdG on the relationship between PAH metabolites and lipid profiles. The median of eight PAH metabolite concentrations in urine samples ranged from 1 to 10 μmol/mol creatinine (Cr). Significant differences in lipid profiles were observed across genders. However, no significant differences were found in smoking or alcohol consumption status for both genders. Linear regression analysis revealed that an increase in the logarithmic concentration of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap), 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFlu), 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-OHFlu), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr), and 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHChr) was associated with an increase in urinary 8-OHdG levels, after adjusting for BMI and age. Specifically, 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHNap) and 1-OHPyr correlated negatively with apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1). Conversely, 1-OHPyr was positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In addition, b,c-dihydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHBcPhe) was positively associated with apolipoprotein B (Apo B). Notably, 8-OHdG did not exhibit a significant correlation with lipid profiles. The mediating effect of 8-OHdG on the relationship between hydroxylated PAHs and lipid profiles was not statistically significant. However, the indirect effects of hydroxylated PAHs on blood lipids were statistically substantial, specifically for 1-OHNap to Apo A1 (-0.025, 95% CI: -0.041, -0.009), 1-OHPyr to LDL-C (0.107, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.203), and 2-OHBcPhe to Apo B (0.070, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.135). This study suggests that an increase in urinary PAH metabolites may elevate the levels of urinary 8-OHdG and influence blood lipid profiles. However, no direct relationship was found between 8-OHdG and lipid profiles. The mediation analysis indicated that the effects of PAH metabol
尿液中的多环芳烃(PAH)代谢物与氧化应激有关;然而,流行病学研究并未报道这些尿液中的多环芳烃代谢物对血脂水平的影响。本研究调查了尿液中多环芳烃代谢物、尿液中 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)与血脂之间的关系。研究共招募了 109 名老年志愿者,并提供了完整的数据集进行分析。2011 年冬季采集了血液和晨尿样本。尿液样本中的多环芳烃代谢物、肌酐和 8-OHdG 含量分别采用气相色谱-质谱法、分光光度法和酶联免疫吸附试剂盒进行分析。使用自动生化分析仪分析了血脂概况。采用双独立样本非参数检验评估了血脂谱与 8-OHdG 之间的关系,并按性别、吸烟和饮酒状况进行了分类。在对浓度值进行归一化处理后,采用一般线性回归模型来研究多环芳烃代谢物、8-OHdG 和血脂特征之间的相关性。建立了一个中介模型,以研究 8-OHdG 对 PAH 代谢物和血脂特征之间关系的中介作用。尿样中八种多环芳烃代谢物浓度的中位数在 1 至 10 μmol/mol 肌酐(Cr)之间。不同性别的人在血脂方面存在显著差异。然而,在吸烟或饮酒状况方面,两性之间没有发现明显差异。2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu)、1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr)和 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHChr)与尿液中 8-OHdG 水平的升高有关。具体而言,1-羟基萘(1-OHNap)和 1-OHPyr 与载脂蛋白 A1(载脂蛋白 A1)呈负相关。相反,1-OHPyr 与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)呈正相关。此外,b,c-二羟基菲(2-OHBcPhe)与载脂蛋白 B(载脂蛋白 B)呈正相关。值得注意的是,8-OHdG 与血脂谱没有明显的相关性。8-OHdG 对羟化 PAHs 与血脂特征之间关系的中介效应在统计学上并不显著。然而,羟化 PAHs 对血脂的间接影响在统计学上是巨大的,特别是 1-OHNap 与载脂蛋白 A1 的关系(-0.025,95% CI:-0.041,-0.009)、1-OHPyr 与 LDL-C 的关系(0.107,95% CI:0.011,0.203)以及 2-OHBcPhe 与载脂蛋白 B 的关系(0.070,95% CI:0.005,0.135)。这项研究表明,尿 PAH 代谢物的增加可能会使尿 8-OHdG 水平升高,并影响血脂状况。然而,8-OHdG 与血脂之间没有直接关系。中介分析表明,多环芳烃代谢物对血脂变化的影响可能是通过氧化应激以外的途径产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicological Effects and Mechanisms of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) on Marine Organisms. 2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚(BDE-47)对海洋生物的毒理效应和机制。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100747
Boyang Li, Yun Shao, Chen Liu, Jie Wang, Yanzhong Zhu, Xiaoqian Li

2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a widely used brominated flame retardant belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). After being released into the marine environment, BDE-47 can cause a range of toxic effects on marine organisms through bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and intergenerational transmission. These effects include lethality, impaired motility, photosynthetic toxicity, immune damage, liver toxicity, developmental impairments, and reproductive toxicity. This article reviews the latest research progress on the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of BDE-47 mentioned above. The primary mechanisms underlying its toxicity include oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, impaired metabolism, and activation of the MAPK signaling cascade.

2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚(BDE-47)是一种广泛使用的溴化阻燃剂,属于持久性有机污染物(POPs)。BDE-47 释放到海洋环境中后,可通过生物累积、生物放大和代际传播对海洋生物造成一系列毒性影响。这些效应包括致死、运动能力受损、光合毒性、免疫损伤、肝脏毒性、发育障碍和生殖毒性。本文回顾了有关上述 BDE-47 毒性效应和分子机制的最新研究进展。其毒性的主要机制包括氧化应激、DNA 损伤、细胞凋亡、新陈代谢受损和激活 MAPK 信号级联。
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引用次数: 0
Implications of Lead (Pb)-Induced Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Alterations in the Aged Zebrafish (Danio rerio). 铅(Pb)诱导的老龄斑马鱼(Danio rerio)转录组和表型变化的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100745
Chia-Chen Wu, Danielle N Meyer, Alex Haimbaugh, Tracie R Baker

Lead (Pb) is a well-known neurotoxin with established adverse effects on the neurological functions of children and younger adults, including motor, learning, and memory abilities. However, its potential impact on older adults has received less attention. Using the zebrafish model, our study aims to characterize the dose-response relationship between environmentally relevant Pb exposure levels and their effects on changes in behavior and transcriptomics during the geriatric periods. We exposed two-year-old zebrafish to waterborne lead acetate (1, 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000 µg/L) or a vehicle (DMSO) for 5 days. While lower concentrations (1-100 µg/L) reflect environmentally relevant Pb levels, higher concentrations (1000-10,000 µg/L) were included to assess acute toxicity under extreme exposure scenarios. We conducted adult behavior assessment to evaluate the locomotor activity following exposure. The same individual fish were subsequently sacrificed for brain dissection after a day of recovery in the aquatic system. RNA extraction and sequencing were then performed to evaluate the Pb-induced transcriptomic changes. Higher (1000-10,000 ug/L) Pb levels induced hyperactive locomotor patterns in aged zebrafish, while lower (10-100 ug/L) Pb levels resulted in the lowest locomotor activity compared to the control group. Exposure to 100 µg/L led to the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while 10,000 µg/L induced larger fold changes in both directions. The neurological pathways impacted by Pb exposure include functions related to neurotransmission, such as cytoskeletal regulation and synaptogenesis, and oxidative stress response, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulation of heat shock protein genes. These findings emphasize a U-shape dose-response relationship with Pb concentrations in locomotor activity and transcriptomic changes in the aging brain.

铅(Pb)是一种众所周知的神经毒素,对儿童和年轻人的神经功能(包括运动、学习和记忆能力)具有公认的不良影响。然而,铅对老年人的潜在影响却较少受到关注。利用斑马鱼模型,我们的研究旨在描述环境相关铅暴露水平之间的剂量反应关系及其对老年期行为和转录组学变化的影响。我们将两岁大的斑马鱼暴露于水性醋酸铅(1、10、100、1000 或 10,000 µg/L)或载体(DMSO)中 5 天。较低的浓度(1-100 µg/L)反映了环境中相关的铅含量,而较高的浓度(1000-10000 µg/L)则用于评估极端暴露情况下的急性毒性。我们进行了成鱼行为评估,以评估暴露后的运动活动。同样的个体鱼在水生系统中恢复一天后,我们对其进行了大脑解剖。然后进行 RNA 提取和测序,以评估铅诱导的转录组变化。与对照组相比,较高(1000-10,000 微克/升)的铅含量可诱导老龄斑马鱼出现过度活跃的运动模式,而较低(10-100 微克/升)的铅含量则导致其运动活动最低。暴露于 100 微克/升的铅可导致最多的差异表达基因(DEGs),而 10,000 微克/升的铅可诱导两个方向上更大的折叠变化。受铅暴露影响的神经通路包括与神经传递有关的功能,如细胞骨架调节和突触生成,以及氧化应激反应,如线粒体功能障碍和热休克蛋白基因下调。这些研究结果表明,老化大脑中的运动活动和转录组变化与铅浓度呈 U 型剂量反应关系。
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