Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been widely utilized since the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The widespread use of NaClO means that it can directly enter aquatic ecosystems through wastewater discharge. In this study, we analyzed the expression of PPAR-γ, FAS, and ACC1, which significantly increased in larval zebrafish following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. Additionally, we examined the effects of high concentrations of NaClO on zebrafish through non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics. A total of 44 characteristic lipid molecules were identified using non-targeted lipidomics; an absolute quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of these subclasses of lipids decreased significantly following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. The levels of triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and diglyceride (DG) were particularly affected. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO could significantly disrupt global gene transcription in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, primarily associated with lipid metabolism and glycometabolism pathways. Overall, our study provided new insights into the toxicological effects of chlorine-containing disinfectants in aquatic organisms.
{"title":"Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) Disturbed Lipid Metabolism in Larval Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), as Revealed by Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Analyses.","authors":"Wen Wang, Hua Yang, Xingning Xiao, Qu Chen, Wentao Lv, Lingyan Ma, Chanlin Fang, Yuanxiang Jin, Yingping Xiao","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been widely utilized since the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The widespread use of NaClO means that it can directly enter aquatic ecosystems through wastewater discharge. In this study, we analyzed the expression of <i>PPAR-γ</i>, <i>FAS</i>, and <i>ACC1</i>, which significantly increased in larval zebrafish following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. Additionally, we examined the effects of high concentrations of NaClO on zebrafish through non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics. A total of 44 characteristic lipid molecules were identified using non-targeted lipidomics; an absolute quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of these subclasses of lipids decreased significantly following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. The levels of triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and diglyceride (DG) were particularly affected. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO could significantly disrupt global gene transcription in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, primarily associated with lipid metabolism and glycometabolism pathways. Overall, our study provided new insights into the toxicological effects of chlorine-containing disinfectants in aquatic organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi-Yi Zheng, Yu-Ting Yang, Jing-Xuan Zhou, Zhao-Xing Peng, Hong-Gang Ni
There are enormous differences in benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, according to previous publications. The explanations of the reasons for this extreme variation are necessary. In this context, the acute toxicity tests of different experiment conditions (light/dark, culture medium, and solvent) were conducted on Daphnia magna with BaP as the toxicant of concern. Based on the experiments above, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action. According to our results, the significant influence of light exposure on the acute toxicity test of BaP (p < 0.05) on D. magna was recorded. On the basis of the MD simulations, it was possible that BaP may not affect the normal operation of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase directly, and it could be quickly transferred from the body through Glutathione S-transferase and Cytochromes P450. Therefore, when exposed to light, the oxidative stress process intensifies, causing damage to Daphnia magna. Apparently, the ecotoxicity tests based on inhibition for D. magna cannot adequately reflect the toxic effects of BaP.
{"title":"Possible Causes of Extreme Variation of Benzo[a]pyrene Acute Toxicity Test on <i>Daphnia magna</i>.","authors":"Zi-Yi Zheng, Yu-Ting Yang, Jing-Xuan Zhou, Zhao-Xing Peng, Hong-Gang Ni","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are enormous differences in benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) acute toxicity tests on <i>Daphnia magna</i>, according to previous publications. The explanations of the reasons for this extreme variation are necessary. In this context, the acute toxicity tests of different experiment conditions (light/dark, culture medium, and solvent) were conducted on <i>Daphnia magna</i> with BaP as the toxicant of concern. Based on the experiments above, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action. According to our results, the significant influence of light exposure on the acute toxicity test of BaP (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on <i>D. magna</i> was recorded. On the basis of the MD simulations, it was possible that BaP may not affect the normal operation of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase directly, and it could be quickly transferred from the body through Glutathione S-transferase and Cytochromes P450. Therefore, when exposed to light, the oxidative stress process intensifies, causing damage to <i>Daphnia magna</i>. Apparently, the ecotoxicity tests based on inhibition for <i>D. magna</i> cannot adequately reflect the toxic effects of BaP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the environmental field, the advancement of new high-efficiency heavy metal adsorption materials remains a continuous research focus. A novel composite, covalent organic framework-modified biochar (RH-COF), was fabricated via an in-situ polymerization approach in this study. The COF-modified biochar was characterized by elemental analysis, BET analysis, SEM, FT-IR, and XPS. The nitrogen and oxygen content in the modified material increased significantly from 0.96% and 15.50% to 5.40% and 24.08%, respectively, indicating the addition of a substantial number of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups to the RH-COF surface, thereby enhancing its adsorption capacity for Cd from 4.20 mg g-1 to 58.62 mg g-1, representing an approximately fourteen-fold increase. Both the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model were suitable for describing the kinetics and isotherms of Cd2+ adsorption onto RH-COF. The adsorption performance of Cd2+ by RH-COF showed minimal sensitivity to pH values between 4.0 and 8.0, but could be slightly influenced by ionic strength. Mechanistic analysis showed that the Cd2+ adsorption on RH-COF was dominated by surface complexation and chelation, alongside electrostatic adsorption, surface precipitation, and Cπ-cation interactions. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesis of COF-biochar composite may serve as a promising remediation strategy while providing scientific support for applying COF in environmental materials.
{"title":"Enhanced Adsorption of Cadmium by a Covalent Organic Framework-Modified Biochar in Aqueous Solution.","authors":"Yanwei Hou, Shanna Lin, Jiajun Fan, Youchi Zhang, Guohua Jing, Chao Cai","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the environmental field, the advancement of new high-efficiency heavy metal adsorption materials remains a continuous research focus. A novel composite, covalent organic framework-modified biochar (RH-COF), was fabricated via an in-situ polymerization approach in this study. The COF-modified biochar was characterized by elemental analysis, BET analysis, SEM, FT-IR, and XPS. The nitrogen and oxygen content in the modified material increased significantly from 0.96% and 15.50% to 5.40% and 24.08%, respectively, indicating the addition of a substantial number of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups to the RH-COF surface, thereby enhancing its adsorption capacity for Cd from 4.20 mg g<sup>-1</sup> to 58.62 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, representing an approximately fourteen-fold increase. Both the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model were suitable for describing the kinetics and isotherms of Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption onto RH-COF. The adsorption performance of Cd<sup>2+</sup> by RH-COF showed minimal sensitivity to pH values between 4.0 and 8.0, but could be slightly influenced by ionic strength. Mechanistic analysis showed that the Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption on RH-COF was dominated by surface complexation and chelation, alongside electrostatic adsorption, surface precipitation, and Cπ-cation interactions. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesis of COF-biochar composite may serve as a promising remediation strategy while providing scientific support for applying COF in environmental materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard, Jeanne Bozec, Marion Ouidir, Nicolas Jovanovic, Véronique Gayrard, Namya Mellouk, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné, Nicole Picard-Hagen, Maria-José Flores-Sanabria, Hélène Jammes, Claire Philippat, Anne Couturier-Tarrade
Phenols, parabens, and phthalates (PPPs) are suspected or known endocrine disruptors. They are used in consumer products that pregnant women and their progeny are exposed to daily through the placenta, which could affect offspring health. This review aims to compile data from cohort studies and in vitro and in vivo models to provide a summary regarding placental transfer, fetoplacental development, and the predisposition to adult diseases resulting from maternal exposure to PPPs during the gestational period. In humans, using the concentration of pollutants in maternal urine, and taking the offspring sex into account, positive or negative associations have been observed concerning placental or newborn weight, children's BMI, blood pressure, gonadal function, or age at puberty. In animal models, without taking sex into account, alterations of placental structure and gene expression linked to hormones or DNA methylation were related to phenol exposure. At the postnatal stage, pollutants affect the bodyweight, the carbohydrate metabolism, the cardiovascular system, gonadal development, the age of puberty, sex/thyroid hormones, and gamete quality, but these effects depend on the age and sex. Future challenges will be to explore the effects of pollutants in mixtures using models and to identify the early signatures of in utero exposure capable of predicting the health trajectory of the offspring.
苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯(PPPs)是可疑或已知的内分泌干扰物。它们被用于消费品中,孕妇及其后代每天都会通过胎盘接触到这些物质,从而影响后代的健康。本综述旨在汇编来自队列研究、体外和体内模型的数据,总结母亲在妊娠期接触持久性有机污染物所导致的胎盘转移、胎盘发育和成年疾病的易感性。在人类中,利用母体尿液中的污染物浓度,并考虑到后代的性别,可以观察到胎盘或新生儿体重、儿童的体重指数、血压、性腺功能或青春期年龄方面的正相关或负相关关系。在动物模型中,在不考虑性别的情况下,胎盘结构的改变以及与激素或 DNA 甲基化相关的基因表达与苯酚接触有关。在出生后阶段,污染物会影响体重、碳水化合物代谢、心血管系统、性腺发育、青春期年龄、性激素/甲状腺激素和配子质量,但这些影响取决于年龄和性别。未来的挑战将是利用模型探索混合物中污染物的影响,并确定子宫内暴露的早期特征,以预测后代的健康轨迹。
{"title":"Short-Half-Life Chemicals: Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Consequences-The Case of Synthetic Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates.","authors":"Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard, Jeanne Bozec, Marion Ouidir, Nicolas Jovanovic, Véronique Gayrard, Namya Mellouk, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné, Nicole Picard-Hagen, Maria-José Flores-Sanabria, Hélène Jammes, Claire Philippat, Anne Couturier-Tarrade","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenols, parabens, and phthalates (PPPs) are suspected or known endocrine disruptors. They are used in consumer products that pregnant women and their progeny are exposed to daily through the placenta, which could affect offspring health. This review aims to compile data from cohort studies and in vitro and in vivo models to provide a summary regarding placental transfer, fetoplacental development, and the predisposition to adult diseases resulting from maternal exposure to PPPs during the gestational period. In humans, using the concentration of pollutants in maternal urine, and taking the offspring sex into account, positive or negative associations have been observed concerning placental or newborn weight, children's BMI, blood pressure, gonadal function, or age at puberty. In animal models, without taking sex into account, alterations of placental structure and gene expression linked to hormones or DNA methylation were related to phenol exposure. At the postnatal stage, pollutants affect the bodyweight, the carbohydrate metabolism, the cardiovascular system, gonadal development, the age of puberty, sex/thyroid hormones, and gamete quality, but these effects depend on the age and sex. Future challenges will be to explore the effects of pollutants in mixtures using models and to identify the early signatures of in utero exposure capable of predicting the health trajectory of the offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadjer Rebai, Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Mohamed A A Abdelhamid, Pratheesh Prakasam Thanka, Ashraf Aly Hassan, Seung Pil Pack, Mi-Ran Ki, Allaoueddine Boudemagh
Metribuzin, a widely used triazine herbicide, persists in agricultural soils and poses significant environmental pollution threats globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of metribuzin by actinobacterial strains in vitro at different environmental conditions. From an initial screen of 12 actinobacterial strains, four bacteria exhibited robust growth in the presence of the metribuzin as the sole carbon source at 50 mg/L concentration. The optimization of metribuzin biodegradation under different conditions (pH, temperature and inoculum size) using a spectrophotometric method revealed that maximum degradation of metribuzin occurred at a pH of 7.2, a temperature 30 °C, and at an inoculum volume of 4%. Subsequent GC-MS validation confirmed the remarkable biodegradation capabilities of the actinobacterial isolates, where the strain C1 showed the highest rate of metribuzin degradation of 83.12%. Detailed phylogenetic identified the active strains as Streptomyces toxytricini (CH), Streptomyces stelliscabiei (B2), and two Streptomyces heliomycini (C1, C3). Structural analysis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the extensive biotransformation of the herbicide molecule. Our findings highlight the immense untapped potential of soil actinobacteria, particularly the Streptomyces heliomycini C1 strain, as versatile bioremediation agents for removing persistent agrochemical pollutants.
{"title":"Soil Actinobacteria Exhibit Metabolic Capabilities for Degrading the Toxic and Persistent Herbicide Metribuzin.","authors":"Hadjer Rebai, Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Mohamed A A Abdelhamid, Pratheesh Prakasam Thanka, Ashraf Aly Hassan, Seung Pil Pack, Mi-Ran Ki, Allaoueddine Boudemagh","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metribuzin, a widely used triazine herbicide, persists in agricultural soils and poses significant environmental pollution threats globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of metribuzin by actinobacterial strains in vitro at different environmental conditions. From an initial screen of 12 actinobacterial strains, four bacteria exhibited robust growth in the presence of the metribuzin as the sole carbon source at 50 mg/L concentration. The optimization of metribuzin biodegradation under different conditions (pH, temperature and inoculum size) using a spectrophotometric method revealed that maximum degradation of metribuzin occurred at a pH of 7.2, a temperature 30 °C, and at an inoculum volume of 4%. Subsequent GC-MS validation confirmed the remarkable biodegradation capabilities of the actinobacterial isolates, where the strain C1 showed the highest rate of metribuzin degradation of 83.12%. Detailed phylogenetic identified the active strains as <i>Streptomyces toxytricini</i> (CH), <i>Streptomyces stelliscabiei</i> (B2), and two <i>Streptomyces heliomycini</i> (C1, C3). Structural analysis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the extensive biotransformation of the herbicide molecule. Our findings highlight the immense untapped potential of soil actinobacteria, particularly the <i>Streptomyces heliomycini</i> C1 strain, as versatile bioremediation agents for removing persistent agrochemical pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuwei Bao, Yimin Zhu, Yang Liu, Jiao Zhao, Xiaojia Tang, Tie Li, Yin Wang, Xianmeng Liu, Hao Zhang
Oily sludge (OS) has long been regarded as a hazardous waste, and improper disposal may lead to serious environmental concerns and human health risks. Despite various methods having been proposed and applied to the treatment of OS, the oil occurrence states and properties in sludge are rarely characterized, which may directly link to the selection and effectiveness of treatment methods. Here, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography (GC), and four components (SARA) analysis were utilized to characterize the changes in the oil occurrence states and compositions in OS samples before and after high-speed stirring (HSS) treatment. Our results show a substantial reduction in the oil concentration of OS after HSS treatment (from 32.98% to 1.65%), while SARA analysis reveals a similar oil composition before and after treatment, suggesting the broad applicability of HSS in removing oil and its insignificant selectivity towards various hydrocarbon components. This is further supported by the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis results, which show that the separated oil phase has a hydrocarbon composition similar to that of the original OS sample. The CLSM and fluorescence analysis suggest a homogeneous distribution of oil in the sludge, with relatively light components more concentrated in the pore systems between coarse mineral particles, whereas relatively heavy components tend to coexist with clay minerals. After HSS cleaning, both light and heavy components are removed to varying degrees, but light components are preferentially removed while heavy components tend to be retained in the sludge due to adsorption by clay minerals. This is consistent with TPH analysis, where a significant decrease in n-alkanes with lower carbon numbers (n-C14 to n-C20) was observed in the residual sample. Our findings demonstrate the dynamic response of oil occurrence states and compositions to the OS treatment process and highlight the importance of characterizing these fundamental properties prior to the selection of OS treatment methods.
长期以来,含油污泥(OS)一直被视为危险废物,处置不当可能会导致严重的环境问题和人类健康风险。尽管已经提出并应用了多种方法来处理含油污泥,但很少有人对污泥中油的发生状态和性质进行表征,而这可能直接关系到处理方法的选择和效果。在此,我们利用共焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、气相色谱(GC)和四组分(SARA)分析来表征高速搅拌(HSS)处理前后 OS 样品中油发生状态和成分的变化。我们的结果表明,经过高速搅拌处理后,OS 中的油类浓度大幅降低(从 32.98% 降至 1.65%),而 SARA 分析则显示处理前后的油类成分相似,这表明高速搅拌在去除油类方面具有广泛的适用性,而且其对各种碳氢化合物成分的选择性并不明显。总石油碳氢化合物 (TPH) 分析结果进一步证明了这一点,该结果表明分离出来的油相具有与原始 OS 样品相似的碳氢化合物成分。CLSM 和荧光分析表明,油类在污泥中分布均匀,相对较轻的成分更集中在粗矿物颗粒之间的孔隙系统中,而相对较重的成分则倾向于与粘土矿物共存。经过 HSS 清洁后,轻质和重质成分都在不同程度上被清除,但轻质成分更容易被清除,而重质成分则由于粘土矿物的吸附作用而倾向于保留在污泥中。这与 TPH 分析结果一致,即在残留样本中观察到碳数较低(n-C14 至 n-C20)的正烷烃显著减少。我们的研究结果表明了油类发生状态和组成对 OS 处理过程的动态响应,并强调了在选择 OS 处理方法之前确定这些基本特性的重要性。
{"title":"Variations in Oil Occurrence State and Properties during High-Speed Stirring Treatment of Oily Sludge.","authors":"Yuwei Bao, Yimin Zhu, Yang Liu, Jiao Zhao, Xiaojia Tang, Tie Li, Yin Wang, Xianmeng Liu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oily sludge (OS) has long been regarded as a hazardous waste, and improper disposal may lead to serious environmental concerns and human health risks. Despite various methods having been proposed and applied to the treatment of OS, the oil occurrence states and properties in sludge are rarely characterized, which may directly link to the selection and effectiveness of treatment methods. Here, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography (GC), and four components (SARA) analysis were utilized to characterize the changes in the oil occurrence states and compositions in OS samples before and after high-speed stirring (HSS) treatment. Our results show a substantial reduction in the oil concentration of OS after HSS treatment (from 32.98% to 1.65%), while SARA analysis reveals a similar oil composition before and after treatment, suggesting the broad applicability of HSS in removing oil and its insignificant selectivity towards various hydrocarbon components. This is further supported by the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis results, which show that the separated oil phase has a hydrocarbon composition similar to that of the original OS sample. The CLSM and fluorescence analysis suggest a homogeneous distribution of oil in the sludge, with relatively light components more concentrated in the pore systems between coarse mineral particles, whereas relatively heavy components tend to coexist with clay minerals. After HSS cleaning, both light and heavy components are removed to varying degrees, but light components are preferentially removed while heavy components tend to be retained in the sludge due to adsorption by clay minerals. This is consistent with TPH analysis, where a significant decrease in n-alkanes with lower carbon numbers (n-C14 to n-C20) was observed in the residual sample. Our findings demonstrate the dynamic response of oil occurrence states and compositions to the OS treatment process and highlight the importance of characterizing these fundamental properties prior to the selection of OS treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study conducted adsorption experiments using Europium (Eu(III)) on geological materials collected from Taiwan. Batch tests on argillite, basalt, granite, and biotite showed that argillite and basalt exhibited strong adsorption reactions with Eu. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also clearly indicated differences before and after adsorption. By combining X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and wavelet transform (WT) analyses, we observed that the Fe2O3 content significantly affects the Eu-Fe distance in the inner-sphere layer during the Eu adsorption process. The wavelet transform analysis for two-dimensional information helps differentiate two distances of Eu-O, which are difficult to analyze, with hydrated outer-sphere Eu-O distances ranging from 2.42 to 2.52 Å and inner-sphere Eu-O distances from 2.27 to 2.32 Å. The EXAFS results for Fe2O3 and SiO2 in argillite and basalt reveal different adsorption mechanisms. Fe2O3 exhibits inner-sphere surface complexation in the order of basalt, argillite, and granite, while SiO2 forms outer-sphere ion exchange with basalt and argillite. Wavelet transform analysis also highlights the differences among these materials.
本研究在台湾采集的地质材料上进行了铕(Eu(III))的吸附实验。对辉绿岩、玄武岩、花岗岩和生物岩进行的批量测试表明,辉绿岩和玄武岩对 Eu 具有强烈的吸附反应。X 射线衍射(XRD)分析也清楚地表明了吸附前后的差异。通过结合 X 射线吸收近边结构(XANES)、扩展 X 射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和小波变换(WT)分析,我们观察到在吸附 Eu 的过程中,Fe2O3 的含量会显著影响内球层中 Eu-Fe 的距离。针对二维信息的小波变换分析有助于区分难以分析的两种 Eu-O 距离,水合外球层 Eu-O 距离为 2.42 至 2.52 Å,内球层 Eu-O 距离为 2.27 至 2.32 Å。Fe2O3 依次与玄武岩、闪长岩和花岗岩形成内球表面络合,而 SiO2 则与玄武岩和闪长岩形成外球离子交换。小波变换分析也凸显了这些材料之间的差异。
{"title":"Enhancing Europium Adsorption Effect of Fe on Several Geological Materials by Applying XANES, EXAFS, and Wavelet Transform Techniques.","authors":"Chi-Wen Hsieh, Zih-Shiuan Chiou, Chuan-Pin Lee, Shih-Chin Tsai, Wei-Hsiang Tseng, Yu-Hung Wang, Yi-Ting Chen, Chein-Hsieng Kuo, Hui-Min Chiu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study conducted adsorption experiments using Europium (Eu(III)) on geological materials collected from Taiwan. Batch tests on argillite, basalt, granite, and biotite showed that argillite and basalt exhibited strong adsorption reactions with Eu. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also clearly indicated differences before and after adsorption. By combining X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and wavelet transform (WT) analyses, we observed that the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content significantly affects the Eu-Fe distance in the inner-sphere layer during the Eu adsorption process. The wavelet transform analysis for two-dimensional information helps differentiate two distances of Eu-O, which are difficult to analyze, with hydrated outer-sphere Eu-O distances ranging from 2.42 to 2.52 Å and inner-sphere Eu-O distances from 2.27 to 2.32 Å. The EXAFS results for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> in argillite and basalt reveal different adsorption mechanisms. Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibits inner-sphere surface complexation in the order of basalt, argillite, and granite, <b>while</b> SiO<sub>2</sub> forms outer-sphere ion exchange with basalt and argillite. Wavelet transform analysis also highlights the differences among these materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven L Goodbred, Reynaldo Patiño, David A Alvarez, Darren Johnson, Deena Hannoun, Kathy R Echols, Jill A Jenkins
The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, Cyprinus carpio) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the potential influence of regional drought. Histological and reproductive biomarkers were measured in 17-30 carp at four sites and 130 EOCs in water per site were analyzed using passive samplers in 2010. Wide ranges among sites were noted in total EOC concentrations (>10Xs) and water temperature/degree days (10Xs). In 2007/08, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCBs) in fish whole bodies from Willow Beach (WB) in the free-flowing Colorado River below Hoover Dam were clearly higher than at the other sites. This was most likely due to longer exposures in colder water (12-14 °C) and fish there having the longest lifespan (up to 54 years) for carp reported in the Colorado River Basin. Calculated estrogenicity in water exceeded long-term, environmentally safe criteria of 0.1-0.4 ng/L by one to three orders of magnitude at all sites except the reference site. Low ecological screening values for four contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in water were exceeded for one CEC in the reference site, two in WB and Las Vegas Bay and three in the most contaminated site LVW. Fish health biomarkers in WB carp had 25% lower liver glycogen, 10Xs higher testicular pigmented cell aggregates and higher sperm abnormalities than the reference site. Sperm from LVW fish also had significantly higher fragmentation of DNA, lower motility and testis had lower percent of spermatozoa, all of which can impair reproduction. Projections from a 3D water quality model performed for WB showed that EOC concentrations due to prolonged regional drought and reduced water levels could increase as high as 135%. Water temperatures by late 21st century are predicted to rise between 0.7 and 2.1 °C that could increase eutrophication, algal blooms, spread disease and decrease dissolved oxygen over 5%.
{"title":"Fish Health Altered by Contaminants and Low Water Temperatures Compounded by Prolonged Regional Drought in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA.","authors":"Steven L Goodbred, Reynaldo Patiño, David A Alvarez, Darren Johnson, Deena Hannoun, Kathy R Echols, Jill A Jenkins","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the potential influence of regional drought. Histological and reproductive biomarkers were measured in 17-30 carp at four sites and 130 EOCs in water per site were analyzed using passive samplers in 2010. Wide ranges among sites were noted in total EOC concentrations (>10Xs) and water temperature/degree days (10Xs). In 2007/08, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCBs) in fish whole bodies from Willow Beach (WB) in the free-flowing Colorado River below Hoover Dam were clearly higher than at the other sites. This was most likely due to longer exposures in colder water (12-14 °C) and fish there having the longest lifespan (up to 54 years) for carp reported in the Colorado River Basin. Calculated estrogenicity in water exceeded long-term, environmentally safe criteria of 0.1-0.4 ng/L by one to three orders of magnitude at all sites except the reference site. Low ecological screening values for four contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in water were exceeded for one CEC in the reference site, two in WB and Las Vegas Bay and three in the most contaminated site LVW. Fish health biomarkers in WB carp had 25% lower liver glycogen, 10Xs higher testicular pigmented cell aggregates and higher sperm abnormalities than the reference site. Sperm from LVW fish also had significantly higher fragmentation of DNA, lower motility and testis had lower percent of spermatozoa, all of which can impair reproduction. Projections from a 3D water quality model performed for WB showed that EOC concentrations due to prolonged regional drought and reduced water levels could increase as high as 135%. Water temperatures by late 21st century are predicted to rise between 0.7 and 2.1 °C that could increase eutrophication, algal blooms, spread disease and decrease dissolved oxygen over 5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethsaida Cardona, Kathryn M Rodgers, Jessica Trowbridge, Heather Buren, Ruthann A Rudel
To fill a research gap on firefighter exposures and breast cancer risk, and guide exposure reduction, we aimed to identify firefighter occupational exposures linked to breast cancer. We conducted a systematic search and review to identify firefighter chemical exposures and then identified the subset that was associated with breast cancer. To do this, we compared the firefighter exposures with chemicals that have been shown to increase breast cancer risk in epidemiological studies or increase mammary gland tumors in experimental toxicology studies. For each exposure, we assigned a strength of evidence for the association with firefighter occupation and for the association with breast cancer risk. We identified twelve chemicals or chemical groups that were both linked to breast cancer and were firefighter occupational exposures, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aromatics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, persistent organohalogens, and halogenated organophosphate flame retardants. Many of these were found at elevated levels in firefighting environments and were statistically significantly higher in firefighters after firefighting or when compared to the general population. Common exposure sources included combustion byproducts, diesel fuel and exhaust, firefighting foams, and flame retardants. Our findings highlight breast-cancer-related chemical exposures in the firefighting profession to guide equitable worker's compensation policies and exposure reduction.
{"title":"Breast Cancer-Related Chemical Exposures in Firefighters.","authors":"Bethsaida Cardona, Kathryn M Rodgers, Jessica Trowbridge, Heather Buren, Ruthann A Rudel","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To fill a research gap on firefighter exposures and breast cancer risk, and guide exposure reduction, we aimed to identify firefighter occupational exposures linked to breast cancer. We conducted a systematic search and review to identify firefighter chemical exposures and then identified the subset that was associated with breast cancer. To do this, we compared the firefighter exposures with chemicals that have been shown to increase breast cancer risk in epidemiological studies or increase mammary gland tumors in experimental toxicology studies. For each exposure, we assigned a strength of evidence for the association with firefighter occupation and for the association with breast cancer risk. We identified twelve chemicals or chemical groups that were both linked to breast cancer and were firefighter occupational exposures, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aromatics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, persistent organohalogens, and halogenated organophosphate flame retardants. Many of these were found at elevated levels in firefighting environments and were statistically significantly higher in firefighters after firefighting or when compared to the general population. Common exposure sources included combustion byproducts, diesel fuel and exhaust, firefighting foams, and flame retardants. Our findings highlight breast-cancer-related chemical exposures in the firefighting profession to guide equitable worker's compensation policies and exposure reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor Rooney, Lissa Soares, Tesleem Babalola, Alex Kensington, Jennie Williams, Jaymie R Meliker
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the United States, with higher incidence rates among Black populations. Groundwater concentrations of natural radionuclides uranium and radium have seldom been investigated in relation to CRC despite their known carcinogenicity. We investigate spatial patterns of CRC by race, and in relation to groundwater concentrations of uranium and radium, testing the hypothesis that uranium and radium in groundwater might differentially contribute to incident CRC in Black and White populations in counties of Georgia, USA. Black populations showed a higher incidence of CRC than White populations; the median incident rate difference was 9.23 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: 2.14, 19.40). Spatial cluster analysis showed high incidence clusters of CRC in similar regions for Black and White populations. Linear regression indicated there are, on average, 1-2 additional cases of colorectal cancer in counties with higher levels of radium in their groundwater, irrespective of race. Uranium was not associated with CRC. This ecologic study suggests that radium in groundwater may be linked with increased incidence of CRC, although it did not explain higher CRC incidence rates in Black populations. Further studies are needed to verify this association given the inherent limitations in the ecologic study design and the crude exposure assessment.
{"title":"Uranium and Radium in Groundwater and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Georgia Counties, USA: An Ecologic Study.","authors":"Taylor Rooney, Lissa Soares, Tesleem Babalola, Alex Kensington, Jennie Williams, Jaymie R Meliker","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the United States, with higher incidence rates among Black populations. Groundwater concentrations of natural radionuclides uranium and radium have seldom been investigated in relation to CRC despite their known carcinogenicity. We investigate spatial patterns of CRC by race, and in relation to groundwater concentrations of uranium and radium, testing the hypothesis that uranium and radium in groundwater might differentially contribute to incident CRC in Black and White populations in counties of Georgia, USA. Black populations showed a higher incidence of CRC than White populations; the median incident rate difference was 9.23 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: 2.14, 19.40). Spatial cluster analysis showed high incidence clusters of CRC in similar regions for Black and White populations. Linear regression indicated there are, on average, 1-2 additional cases of colorectal cancer in counties with higher levels of radium in their groundwater, irrespective of race. Uranium was not associated with CRC. This ecologic study suggests that radium in groundwater may be linked with increased incidence of CRC, although it did not explain higher CRC incidence rates in Black populations. Further studies are needed to verify this association given the inherent limitations in the ecologic study design and the crude exposure assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}