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Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) Disturbed Lipid Metabolism in Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as Revealed by Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Analyses. 脂质组学和转录组学分析揭示次氯酸钠(NaClO)扰乱斑马鱼(Danio rerio)幼体的脂质代谢
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100718
Wen Wang, Hua Yang, Xingning Xiao, Qu Chen, Wentao Lv, Lingyan Ma, Chanlin Fang, Yuanxiang Jin, Yingping Xiao

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been widely utilized since the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The widespread use of NaClO means that it can directly enter aquatic ecosystems through wastewater discharge. In this study, we analyzed the expression of PPAR-γ, FAS, and ACC1, which significantly increased in larval zebrafish following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. Additionally, we examined the effects of high concentrations of NaClO on zebrafish through non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics. A total of 44 characteristic lipid molecules were identified using non-targeted lipidomics; an absolute quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of these subclasses of lipids decreased significantly following exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO for 7 days. The levels of triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and diglyceride (DG) were particularly affected. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to 300 μg/L NaClO could significantly disrupt global gene transcription in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, primarily associated with lipid metabolism and glycometabolism pathways. Overall, our study provided new insights into the toxicological effects of chlorine-containing disinfectants in aquatic organisms.

自冠状病毒病(COVID-19)首次爆发以来,次氯酸钠(NaClO)一直被广泛使用。次氯酸钠的广泛使用意味着它可以通过废水排放直接进入水生生态系统。在本研究中,我们分析了斑马鱼幼体在接触 300 μg/L NaClO 7 天后 PPAR-γ、FAS 和 ACC1 的表达情况。此外,我们还通过非靶向脂质组学和转录组学研究了高浓度 NaClO 对斑马鱼的影响。非靶向脂质组学共鉴定出 44 种特征性脂质分子;绝对定量分析显示,暴露于 300 μg/L NaClO 7 天后,这些亚类脂质的含量显著下降。甘油三酯(TG)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和二甘油酯(DG)的含量尤其受到影响。转录组分析表明,暴露于 300 μg/L NaClO 会显著干扰斑马鱼幼体的全局基因转录。有趣的是,研究发现了 700 多个差异表达基因(DEGs),这些基因主要与脂质代谢和糖代谢途径有关。总之,我们的研究为了解含氯消毒剂对水生生物的毒理学影响提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Possible Causes of Extreme Variation of Benzo[a]pyrene Acute Toxicity Test on Daphnia magna. 苯并[a]芘对大型蚤急性毒性试验极端变异的可能原因。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100714
Zi-Yi Zheng, Yu-Ting Yang, Jing-Xuan Zhou, Zhao-Xing Peng, Hong-Gang Ni

There are enormous differences in benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, according to previous publications. The explanations of the reasons for this extreme variation are necessary. In this context, the acute toxicity tests of different experiment conditions (light/dark, culture medium, and solvent) were conducted on Daphnia magna with BaP as the toxicant of concern. Based on the experiments above, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action. According to our results, the significant influence of light exposure on the acute toxicity test of BaP (p < 0.05) on D. magna was recorded. On the basis of the MD simulations, it was possible that BaP may not affect the normal operation of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase directly, and it could be quickly transferred from the body through Glutathione S-transferase and Cytochromes P450. Therefore, when exposed to light, the oxidative stress process intensifies, causing damage to Daphnia magna. Apparently, the ecotoxicity tests based on inhibition for D. magna cannot adequately reflect the toxic effects of BaP.

根据以往的出版物,苯并[a]芘(BaP)对大型蚤的急性毒性试验存在巨大差异。有必要解释这种极端差异的原因。为此,我们以 BaP 为毒性物质,对大型蚤进行了不同实验条件(光照/黑暗、培养基和溶剂)下的急性毒性试验。在上述实验的基础上,采用分子动力学(MD)模拟来研究其作用机制。结果表明,光照对 BaP 对大型蚤的急性毒性试验有显著影响(p < 0.05)。在 MD 模拟的基础上,BaP 可能不会直接影响超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的正常工作,而是通过谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶和细胞色素 P450 迅速转移出体外。因此,在光照下,氧化应激过程会加剧,对大型蚤造成损害。显然,基于对大型蚤抑制作用的生态毒性测试不能充分反映 BaP 的毒性作用。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Adsorption of Cadmium by a Covalent Organic Framework-Modified Biochar in Aqueous Solution. 共价有机框架修饰的生物炭在水溶液中增强了对镉的吸附。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100717
Yanwei Hou, Shanna Lin, Jiajun Fan, Youchi Zhang, Guohua Jing, Chao Cai

In the environmental field, the advancement of new high-efficiency heavy metal adsorption materials remains a continuous research focus. A novel composite, covalent organic framework-modified biochar (RH-COF), was fabricated via an in-situ polymerization approach in this study. The COF-modified biochar was characterized by elemental analysis, BET analysis, SEM, FT-IR, and XPS. The nitrogen and oxygen content in the modified material increased significantly from 0.96% and 15.50% to 5.40% and 24.08%, respectively, indicating the addition of a substantial number of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups to the RH-COF surface, thereby enhancing its adsorption capacity for Cd from 4.20 mg g-1 to 58.62 mg g-1, representing an approximately fourteen-fold increase. Both the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model were suitable for describing the kinetics and isotherms of Cd2+ adsorption onto RH-COF. The adsorption performance of Cd2+ by RH-COF showed minimal sensitivity to pH values between 4.0 and 8.0, but could be slightly influenced by ionic strength. Mechanistic analysis showed that the Cd2+ adsorption on RH-COF was dominated by surface complexation and chelation, alongside electrostatic adsorption, surface precipitation, and Cπ-cation interactions. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesis of COF-biochar composite may serve as a promising remediation strategy while providing scientific support for applying COF in environmental materials.

在环境领域,新型高效重金属吸附材料一直是研究重点。本研究通过原位聚合法制备了一种新型复合材料--共价有机框架改性生物炭(RH-COF)。通过元素分析、BET 分析、扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱和 XPS 对 COF 改性生物炭进行了表征。改性材料中的氮和氧含量分别从 0.96% 和 15.50% 显著增加到 5.40% 和 24.08%,表明 RH-COF 表面添加了大量含氮和含氧官能团,从而使其对镉的吸附能力从 4.20 mg g-1 提高到 58.62 mg g-1,增加了约 14 倍。伪二阶模型和 Langmuir 模型都适用于描述 Cd2+ 在 RH-COF 上的吸附动力学和等温线。RH-COF 对 Cd2+ 的吸附性能对 4.0 至 8.0 之间 pH 值的敏感性很小,但受离子强度的影响较小。机理分析表明,RH-COF 对 Cd2+ 的吸附主要是表面络合和螯合作用,同时还有静电吸附、表面沉淀和 Cπ- 阳离子相互作用。总之,这些研究结果表明,COF-生物炭复合材料的合成可作为一种前景广阔的修复策略,同时也为 COF 在环境材料中的应用提供了科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Short-Half-Life Chemicals: Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Consequences-The Case of Synthetic Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates. 短半衰期化学品:母体暴露与后代健康后果--合成酚、苯甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯的案例。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100710
Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard, Jeanne Bozec, Marion Ouidir, Nicolas Jovanovic, Véronique Gayrard, Namya Mellouk, Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné, Nicole Picard-Hagen, Maria-José Flores-Sanabria, Hélène Jammes, Claire Philippat, Anne Couturier-Tarrade

Phenols, parabens, and phthalates (PPPs) are suspected or known endocrine disruptors. They are used in consumer products that pregnant women and their progeny are exposed to daily through the placenta, which could affect offspring health. This review aims to compile data from cohort studies and in vitro and in vivo models to provide a summary regarding placental transfer, fetoplacental development, and the predisposition to adult diseases resulting from maternal exposure to PPPs during the gestational period. In humans, using the concentration of pollutants in maternal urine, and taking the offspring sex into account, positive or negative associations have been observed concerning placental or newborn weight, children's BMI, blood pressure, gonadal function, or age at puberty. In animal models, without taking sex into account, alterations of placental structure and gene expression linked to hormones or DNA methylation were related to phenol exposure. At the postnatal stage, pollutants affect the bodyweight, the carbohydrate metabolism, the cardiovascular system, gonadal development, the age of puberty, sex/thyroid hormones, and gamete quality, but these effects depend on the age and sex. Future challenges will be to explore the effects of pollutants in mixtures using models and to identify the early signatures of in utero exposure capable of predicting the health trajectory of the offspring.

苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯(PPPs)是可疑或已知的内分泌干扰物。它们被用于消费品中,孕妇及其后代每天都会通过胎盘接触到这些物质,从而影响后代的健康。本综述旨在汇编来自队列研究、体外和体内模型的数据,总结母亲在妊娠期接触持久性有机污染物所导致的胎盘转移、胎盘发育和成年疾病的易感性。在人类中,利用母体尿液中的污染物浓度,并考虑到后代的性别,可以观察到胎盘或新生儿体重、儿童的体重指数、血压、性腺功能或青春期年龄方面的正相关或负相关关系。在动物模型中,在不考虑性别的情况下,胎盘结构的改变以及与激素或 DNA 甲基化相关的基因表达与苯酚接触有关。在出生后阶段,污染物会影响体重、碳水化合物代谢、心血管系统、性腺发育、青春期年龄、性激素/甲状腺激素和配子质量,但这些影响取决于年龄和性别。未来的挑战将是利用模型探索混合物中污染物的影响,并确定子宫内暴露的早期特征,以预测后代的健康轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Soil Actinobacteria Exhibit Metabolic Capabilities for Degrading the Toxic and Persistent Herbicide Metribuzin. 土壤放线菌具有降解有毒和持久性除草剂 Metribuzin 的代谢能力。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100709
Hadjer Rebai, Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Mohamed A A Abdelhamid, Pratheesh Prakasam Thanka, Ashraf Aly Hassan, Seung Pil Pack, Mi-Ran Ki, Allaoueddine Boudemagh

Metribuzin, a widely used triazine herbicide, persists in agricultural soils and poses significant environmental pollution threats globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of metribuzin by actinobacterial strains in vitro at different environmental conditions. From an initial screen of 12 actinobacterial strains, four bacteria exhibited robust growth in the presence of the metribuzin as the sole carbon source at 50 mg/L concentration. The optimization of metribuzin biodegradation under different conditions (pH, temperature and inoculum size) using a spectrophotometric method revealed that maximum degradation of metribuzin occurred at a pH of 7.2, a temperature 30 °C, and at an inoculum volume of 4%. Subsequent GC-MS validation confirmed the remarkable biodegradation capabilities of the actinobacterial isolates, where the strain C1 showed the highest rate of metribuzin degradation of 83.12%. Detailed phylogenetic identified the active strains as Streptomyces toxytricini (CH), Streptomyces stelliscabiei (B2), and two Streptomyces heliomycini (C1, C3). Structural analysis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the extensive biotransformation of the herbicide molecule. Our findings highlight the immense untapped potential of soil actinobacteria, particularly the Streptomyces heliomycini C1 strain, as versatile bioremediation agents for removing persistent agrochemical pollutants.

Metribuzin 是一种广泛使用的三嗪类除草剂,在农业土壤中持久存在,对全球环境造成了严重的污染威胁。本研究旨在调查放线菌菌株在体外不同环境条件下对嗪草酮的生物降解情况。在初步筛选的 12 株放线菌中,有 4 种细菌在以 50 毫克/升浓度的 metribuzin 为唯一碳源的情况下表现出强劲的生长能力。使用分光光度法优化了不同条件(pH 值、温度和接种物大小)下的 metribuzin 生物降解,结果表明,在 pH 值为 7.2、温度为 30 °C、接种物体积为 4% 时,metribuzin 的降解量最大。随后进行的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)验证证实了放线菌分离物显著的生物降解能力,其中菌株 C1 的甲基立枯磷降解率最高,达 83.12%。详细的系统发育确定了活性菌株为 Streptomyces toxytricini(CH)、Streptomyces stelliscabiei(B2)和两种 Streptomyces heliomycini(C1、C3)。通过 ATR-FTIR 光谱进行的结构分析证实了除草剂分子的广泛生物转化。我们的研究结果凸显了土壤放线菌,尤其是氦霉链菌 C1 菌株作为多功能生物修复剂在清除持久性农用化学品污染物方面尚未开发的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Variations in Oil Occurrence State and Properties during High-Speed Stirring Treatment of Oily Sludge. 高速搅拌处理含油污泥过程中的含油状态和特性变化
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100711
Yuwei Bao, Yimin Zhu, Yang Liu, Jiao Zhao, Xiaojia Tang, Tie Li, Yin Wang, Xianmeng Liu, Hao Zhang

Oily sludge (OS) has long been regarded as a hazardous waste, and improper disposal may lead to serious environmental concerns and human health risks. Despite various methods having been proposed and applied to the treatment of OS, the oil occurrence states and properties in sludge are rarely characterized, which may directly link to the selection and effectiveness of treatment methods. Here, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography (GC), and four components (SARA) analysis were utilized to characterize the changes in the oil occurrence states and compositions in OS samples before and after high-speed stirring (HSS) treatment. Our results show a substantial reduction in the oil concentration of OS after HSS treatment (from 32.98% to 1.65%), while SARA analysis reveals a similar oil composition before and after treatment, suggesting the broad applicability of HSS in removing oil and its insignificant selectivity towards various hydrocarbon components. This is further supported by the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis results, which show that the separated oil phase has a hydrocarbon composition similar to that of the original OS sample. The CLSM and fluorescence analysis suggest a homogeneous distribution of oil in the sludge, with relatively light components more concentrated in the pore systems between coarse mineral particles, whereas relatively heavy components tend to coexist with clay minerals. After HSS cleaning, both light and heavy components are removed to varying degrees, but light components are preferentially removed while heavy components tend to be retained in the sludge due to adsorption by clay minerals. This is consistent with TPH analysis, where a significant decrease in n-alkanes with lower carbon numbers (n-C14 to n-C20) was observed in the residual sample. Our findings demonstrate the dynamic response of oil occurrence states and compositions to the OS treatment process and highlight the importance of characterizing these fundamental properties prior to the selection of OS treatment methods.

长期以来,含油污泥(OS)一直被视为危险废物,处置不当可能会导致严重的环境问题和人类健康风险。尽管已经提出并应用了多种方法来处理含油污泥,但很少有人对污泥中油的发生状态和性质进行表征,而这可能直接关系到处理方法的选择和效果。在此,我们利用共焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、气相色谱(GC)和四组分(SARA)分析来表征高速搅拌(HSS)处理前后 OS 样品中油发生状态和成分的变化。我们的结果表明,经过高速搅拌处理后,OS 中的油类浓度大幅降低(从 32.98% 降至 1.65%),而 SARA 分析则显示处理前后的油类成分相似,这表明高速搅拌在去除油类方面具有广泛的适用性,而且其对各种碳氢化合物成分的选择性并不明显。总石油碳氢化合物 (TPH) 分析结果进一步证明了这一点,该结果表明分离出来的油相具有与原始 OS 样品相似的碳氢化合物成分。CLSM 和荧光分析表明,油类在污泥中分布均匀,相对较轻的成分更集中在粗矿物颗粒之间的孔隙系统中,而相对较重的成分则倾向于与粘土矿物共存。经过 HSS 清洁后,轻质和重质成分都在不同程度上被清除,但轻质成分更容易被清除,而重质成分则由于粘土矿物的吸附作用而倾向于保留在污泥中。这与 TPH 分析结果一致,即在残留样本中观察到碳数较低(n-C14 至 n-C20)的正烷烃显著减少。我们的研究结果表明了油类发生状态和组成对 OS 处理过程的动态响应,并强调了在选择 OS 处理方法之前确定这些基本特性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Europium Adsorption Effect of Fe on Several Geological Materials by Applying XANES, EXAFS, and Wavelet Transform Techniques. 应用 XANES、EXAFS 和小波变换技术增强铁在几种地质材料上的铕吸附效应
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100706
Chi-Wen Hsieh, Zih-Shiuan Chiou, Chuan-Pin Lee, Shih-Chin Tsai, Wei-Hsiang Tseng, Yu-Hung Wang, Yi-Ting Chen, Chein-Hsieng Kuo, Hui-Min Chiu

This study conducted adsorption experiments using Europium (Eu(III)) on geological materials collected from Taiwan. Batch tests on argillite, basalt, granite, and biotite showed that argillite and basalt exhibited strong adsorption reactions with Eu. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also clearly indicated differences before and after adsorption. By combining X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and wavelet transform (WT) analyses, we observed that the Fe2O3 content significantly affects the Eu-Fe distance in the inner-sphere layer during the Eu adsorption process. The wavelet transform analysis for two-dimensional information helps differentiate two distances of Eu-O, which are difficult to analyze, with hydrated outer-sphere Eu-O distances ranging from 2.42 to 2.52 Å and inner-sphere Eu-O distances from 2.27 to 2.32 Å. The EXAFS results for Fe2O3 and SiO2 in argillite and basalt reveal different adsorption mechanisms. Fe2O3 exhibits inner-sphere surface complexation in the order of basalt, argillite, and granite, while SiO2 forms outer-sphere ion exchange with basalt and argillite. Wavelet transform analysis also highlights the differences among these materials.

本研究在台湾采集的地质材料上进行了铕(Eu(III))的吸附实验。对辉绿岩、玄武岩、花岗岩和生物岩进行的批量测试表明,辉绿岩和玄武岩对 Eu 具有强烈的吸附反应。X 射线衍射(XRD)分析也清楚地表明了吸附前后的差异。通过结合 X 射线吸收近边结构(XANES)、扩展 X 射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和小波变换(WT)分析,我们观察到在吸附 Eu 的过程中,Fe2O3 的含量会显著影响内球层中 Eu-Fe 的距离。针对二维信息的小波变换分析有助于区分难以分析的两种 Eu-O 距离,水合外球层 Eu-O 距离为 2.42 至 2.52 Å,内球层 Eu-O 距离为 2.27 至 2.32 Å。Fe2O3 依次与玄武岩、闪长岩和花岗岩形成内球表面络合,而 SiO2 则与玄武岩和闪长岩形成外球离子交换。小波变换分析也凸显了这些材料之间的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Fish Health Altered by Contaminants and Low Water Temperatures Compounded by Prolonged Regional Drought in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA. 美国科罗拉多河下游流域长期区域性干旱造成的污染物和低水温改变了鱼类健康。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100708
Steven L Goodbred, Reynaldo Patiño, David A Alvarez, Darren Johnson, Deena Hannoun, Kathy R Echols, Jill A Jenkins

The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, Cyprinus carpio) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the potential influence of regional drought. Histological and reproductive biomarkers were measured in 17-30 carp at four sites and 130 EOCs in water per site were analyzed using passive samplers in 2010. Wide ranges among sites were noted in total EOC concentrations (>10Xs) and water temperature/degree days (10Xs). In 2007/08, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCBs) in fish whole bodies from Willow Beach (WB) in the free-flowing Colorado River below Hoover Dam were clearly higher than at the other sites. This was most likely due to longer exposures in colder water (12-14 °C) and fish there having the longest lifespan (up to 54 years) for carp reported in the Colorado River Basin. Calculated estrogenicity in water exceeded long-term, environmentally safe criteria of 0.1-0.4 ng/L by one to three orders of magnitude at all sites except the reference site. Low ecological screening values for four contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in water were exceeded for one CEC in the reference site, two in WB and Las Vegas Bay and three in the most contaminated site LVW. Fish health biomarkers in WB carp had 25% lower liver glycogen, 10Xs higher testicular pigmented cell aggregates and higher sperm abnormalities than the reference site. Sperm from LVW fish also had significantly higher fragmentation of DNA, lower motility and testis had lower percent of spermatozoa, all of which can impair reproduction. Projections from a 3D water quality model performed for WB showed that EOC concentrations due to prolonged regional drought and reduced water levels could increase as high as 135%. Water temperatures by late 21st century are predicted to rise between 0.7 and 2.1 °C that could increase eutrophication, algal blooms, spread disease and decrease dissolved oxygen over 5%.

本研究的目的是评估美国内华达州/亚利桑那州米德湖国家休闲区环境有机污染物(EOC)浓度和水温差异较大的四个地点的雄性鲤鱼(鲤鱼)的健康状况,以及地区干旱的潜在影响。2010 年,在四个地点测量了 17-30 条鲤鱼的组织学和繁殖生物标志物,并使用被动采样器分析了每个地点水中的 130 种 EOC。发现不同地点的 EOC 总浓度(>10 倍)和水温/度日(10 倍)差异很大。2007/08 年,来自胡佛大坝下自由流动的科罗拉多河柳树滩 (WB) 的鱼类全身中的多氯联苯 (tPCB) 总量明显高于其他地点。这很可能是由于鱼类在较冷的水中(12-14 °C)暴露时间较长,而且在科罗拉多河流域报告的鲤鱼中,这里的鱼类寿命最长(长达 54 年)。除参照地点外,所有地点水体中的雌激素计算值都超过了 0.1-0.4 纳克/升的长期环境安全标准,超出了 1 到 3 个数量级。水中四种新关注污染物 (CEC) 的生态筛选值较低,其中参考点有一种 CEC 超标,WB 和拉斯维加斯湾有两种 CEC 超标,污染最严重的 LVW 有三种 CEC 超标。与参照地点相比,WB 鲤鱼的肝糖原含量低 25%,睾丸色素细胞聚集率高 10 倍,精子畸形率也更高。低纬度水域鱼类精子的DNA碎片率也明显较高,活力较低,睾丸中精子的百分比也较低,所有这些都会影响鱼类的繁殖。为西湖进行的三维水质模型预测显示,由于地区长期干旱和水位下降,EOC 浓度可能会增加 135%。据预测,到 21 世纪末,水温将上升 0.7 至 2.1 °C,这将加剧富营养化、藻类大量繁殖、疾病传播,并使溶解氧减少 5%以上。
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引用次数: 0
Breast Cancer-Related Chemical Exposures in Firefighters. 消防员与乳腺癌相关的化学接触。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100707
Bethsaida Cardona, Kathryn M Rodgers, Jessica Trowbridge, Heather Buren, Ruthann A Rudel

To fill a research gap on firefighter exposures and breast cancer risk, and guide exposure reduction, we aimed to identify firefighter occupational exposures linked to breast cancer. We conducted a systematic search and review to identify firefighter chemical exposures and then identified the subset that was associated with breast cancer. To do this, we compared the firefighter exposures with chemicals that have been shown to increase breast cancer risk in epidemiological studies or increase mammary gland tumors in experimental toxicology studies. For each exposure, we assigned a strength of evidence for the association with firefighter occupation and for the association with breast cancer risk. We identified twelve chemicals or chemical groups that were both linked to breast cancer and were firefighter occupational exposures, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aromatics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, persistent organohalogens, and halogenated organophosphate flame retardants. Many of these were found at elevated levels in firefighting environments and were statistically significantly higher in firefighters after firefighting or when compared to the general population. Common exposure sources included combustion byproducts, diesel fuel and exhaust, firefighting foams, and flame retardants. Our findings highlight breast-cancer-related chemical exposures in the firefighting profession to guide equitable worker's compensation policies and exposure reduction.

为了填补消防员暴露与乳腺癌风险方面的研究空白并指导减少暴露,我们旨在确定与乳腺癌有关的消防员职业暴露。我们进行了系统搜索和审查,以确定消防员接触的化学物质,然后确定与乳腺癌相关的子集。为此,我们将消防员接触的化学品与流行病学研究中显示会增加乳腺癌风险或实验毒理学研究中显示会增加乳腺肿瘤的化学品进行了比较。对于每种暴露,我们都为其与消防员职业的关联性以及与乳腺癌风险的关联性指定了证据强度。我们确定了 12 种既与乳腺癌有关又属于消防员职业暴露的化学品或化学组,包括多环芳烃、挥发性芳烃、全氟和多氟烷基物质、持久性有机卤素和卤代有机磷阻燃剂。其中许多物质在消防环境中的含量都很高,消防员在灭火后或与普通人群相比,其含量在统计学上明显偏高。常见的接触源包括燃烧副产品、柴油和废气、消防泡沫和阻燃剂。我们的研究结果强调了消防职业中与乳腺癌相关的化学物质暴露,以指导公平的工人补偿政策和减少暴露。
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引用次数: 0
Uranium and Radium in Groundwater and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Georgia Counties, USA: An Ecologic Study. 美国佐治亚州各县地下水中的铀和镭与大肠癌发病率:一项生态学研究。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100705
Taylor Rooney, Lissa Soares, Tesleem Babalola, Alex Kensington, Jennie Williams, Jaymie R Meliker

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the United States, with higher incidence rates among Black populations. Groundwater concentrations of natural radionuclides uranium and radium have seldom been investigated in relation to CRC despite their known carcinogenicity. We investigate spatial patterns of CRC by race, and in relation to groundwater concentrations of uranium and radium, testing the hypothesis that uranium and radium in groundwater might differentially contribute to incident CRC in Black and White populations in counties of Georgia, USA. Black populations showed a higher incidence of CRC than White populations; the median incident rate difference was 9.23 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: 2.14, 19.40). Spatial cluster analysis showed high incidence clusters of CRC in similar regions for Black and White populations. Linear regression indicated there are, on average, 1-2 additional cases of colorectal cancer in counties with higher levels of radium in their groundwater, irrespective of race. Uranium was not associated with CRC. This ecologic study suggests that radium in groundwater may be linked with increased incidence of CRC, although it did not explain higher CRC incidence rates in Black populations. Further studies are needed to verify this association given the inherent limitations in the ecologic study design and the crude exposure assessment.

结肠直肠癌(CRC)是美国第三大常见癌症,黑人的发病率更高。尽管天然放射性核素铀和镭具有已知的致癌性,但地下水中铀和镭的浓度与 CRC 的关系却很少被调查。我们按种族以及铀和镭的地下水浓度对 CRC 的空间模式进行了调查,检验了地下水中的铀和镭可能对美国佐治亚州各县的黑人和白人 CRC 发病率产生不同影响的假设。黑人的 CRC 发病率高于白人;中位数发病率差异为每 10 万人 9.23 例(95% CI:2.14, 19.40)。空间聚类分析显示,黑人和白人人口在相似地区的 CRC 发病率较高。线性回归表明,在地下水中镭含量较高的县,无论种族如何,平均会增加 1-2 例结直肠癌病例。铀与结直肠癌无关。这项生态学研究表明,地下水中的镭可能与结直肠癌发病率的增加有关,尽管它并不能解释黑人结直肠癌发病率较高的原因。鉴于生态研究设计和粗略暴露评估的固有局限性,还需要进一步的研究来验证这种关联。
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