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Degradation of Atrazine in Water by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Combined with Periodate Oxidation: Enhanced Performance, Degradation Pathways, and Toxicity Assessment. 电介质屏障放电结合高碘酸盐氧化法降解水中的阿特拉津:增强性能、降解途径和毒性评估。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100746
Han Zhang, Jinping Duan, Pengcheng Luo, Luxiang Zhu, Yanan Liu

The widespread occurrence of atrazine (ATZ) in water environments presents a considerable risk to human health and ecosystems. Herein, the performance of dielectric barrier discharge integrated with periodate (DBD/PI) for ATZ decomposition was evaluated. Results demonstrated that the DBD/PI system improved ATZ decomposition efficiency by 18.2-22.5% compared to the sole DBD system. After 10 min treatment, the decomposition efficiency attained 82.4% at a discharge power of 68 W, a PI dosage of 0.02 mM, and an initial ATZ concentration of 10 mg/L. As the PI dosage increased, the decomposition efficiency exhibited a trend of initially increasing, followed by a decrease. Acidic conditions were more favorable for ATZ removal compared to alkaline and neutral conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was adopted for characterizing the active species produced in the DBD/PI system, and quenching experiments revealed their influence on ATZ decomposition following a sequence of 1O2 > O2-• > IO3• > OH•. The decomposition pathways were proposed based on the theoretical calculations and intermediate identification. Additionally, the toxic effects of ATZ and its intermediates were assessed. This study demonstrates that the DBD/PI treatment represents an effective strategy for the decomposition of ATZ in aquatic environments.

水环境中广泛存在的阿特拉津(ATZ)对人类健康和生态系统构成了相当大的风险。在此,研究人员评估了介质阻挡放电与高碘酸盐(DBD/PI)结合用于分解阿特拉津的性能。结果表明,与单纯的 DBD 系统相比,DBD/PI 系统的 ATZ 分解效率提高了 18.2-22.5%。在放电功率为 68 W、PI 剂量为 0.02 mM、ATZ 初始浓度为 10 mg/L 的条件下,处理 10 分钟后,分解效率达到 82.4%。随着 PI 用量的增加,分解效率呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。与碱性和中性条件相比,酸性条件更有利于 ATZ 的去除。电子顺磁共振(EPR)被用来表征 DBD/PI 系统中产生的活性物种,淬灭实验揭示了它们对 ATZ 分解的影响,其顺序为 1O2 > O2-- > IO3- > OH-。根据理论计算和中间体鉴定,提出了分解途径。此外,还评估了 ATZ 及其中间产物的毒性效应。这项研究表明,DBD/PI 处理是在水生环境中分解 ATZ 的有效策略。
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引用次数: 0
Biomonitoring of Mercury and Lead Levels in the Blood of Children Living near a Tropical River Impacted by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Colombia. 对生活在受哥伦比亚手工和小规模采金业影响的热带河流附近的儿童血液中的汞和铅含量进行生物监测。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100744
Eurípides Palacios-Valoyes, Manuel H Salas-Moreno, José L Marrugo-Negrete

(1) Background: Mercury and lead contamination resulting from various anthropogenic activities represents a global environmental problem and a considerable risk to the health of the human population. (2) Methods: The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in the blood of the child population in the municipalities in the Atrato River basin using a direct Hg analyzer and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. (3) Results: In total, 171 children (5-14 years of age) were taken into account, and 18.71% (32) of the children had concentrations of Hg and Pb above the permissible values established by the WHO. In the municipality of UN, 19 children had blood Hg concentrations between 5.29 and 17.71 μg/L. In CA, two children had concentrations of 5.03 and 8.43 μg/L, separately. In the case of Pb, seven children showed concentrations between 3.60 and 4.83 μg/dL in the municipality of RQ, three in UN (3.59, 3.61, and 4.60 μg/dL), and one in Carmen de Atrato (5.47 μg/dL). (4) Conclusions: The levels of Hg and Pb in the blood of children living in the riparian areas of the Atrato River basin are related to gold mining activities in the basin and the consumption of contaminated fish.

(1) 背景:各种人为活动造成的汞和铅污染是一个全球性的环境问题,对人类健康构成了相当大的威胁。(2) 方法:本研究的目的是使用直接汞分析仪和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法评估阿特拉托河流域各市儿童血液中的汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)浓度。(3) 结果:共有 171 名儿童(5-14 岁)接受了检测,其中 18.71% 的儿童(32 人)血液中的汞和铅浓度超过了世界卫生组织规定的允许值。在联合国市,19 名儿童血液中的汞浓度介于 5.29 至 17.71 微克/升之间。在加利福尼亚州,两名儿童的血汞浓度分别为 5.03 和 8.43 微克/升。至于铅,RQ 市有 7 名儿童的铅含量在 3.60 至 4.83 μg/dL 之间,UN 市有 3 名儿童(3.59、3.61 和 4.60 μg/dL),Carmen de Atrato 市有 1 名儿童(5.47 μg/dL)。(4) 结论:阿特拉托河流域沿岸地区儿童血液中的汞和铅含量与该流域的金矿开采活动和食用受污染的鱼类有关。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Nitrogen Removal in Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitrification Wastewater Utilizing Halophilic Activated Sludge. 利用嗜卤活性污泥去除烟气脱硫和脱硝废水中的氮的研究。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100742
Min Ren, Yuqi Wang, Huining Zhang, Yan Li, Keying Sun

In the process of flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the generation of high-sulfate wastewater containing nitrogen is a significant challenge for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, halophilic activated sludge was inoculated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a high sulfate concentration (60 g/L). With the influent concentration of 180 mg/L, the removal rate of total nitrogen was more than 96.7%. The effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was lower than 1.94 mg/L, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were even lower than 0.77 mg/L. The salt tolerance of activated sludge is mainly related to the increase in the content of ectoine in microbial cells. The Specific Nitrite Oxidation Rate is quite low, while the Specific Nitrite Reduction Rate and Specific Nitrate Reduction Rate are relatively strong. In the system, there are various nitrogen metabolic processes, including aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification, and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes. By analyzing the nitrogen metabolic mechanisms and microbial community structure of the reaction system, dominate bacteria can be identified, such as Azoarcus, Thauera, and Halomonas, which have significant nitrogen removal capabilities.

在烟气脱硫脱硝过程中,产生的高硫酸盐含氮废水是生物废水处理的一大挑战。本研究将嗜卤活性污泥接种到序批式反应器中,以去除高硫酸盐浓度(60 g/L)废水中的氮。当进水浓度为 180 mg/L 时,总氮的去除率超过 96.7%。出水铵态氮浓度低于 1.94 mg/L,出水硝态氮和亚硝态氮浓度甚至低于 0.77 mg/L。活性污泥的耐盐性主要与微生物细胞中外氨酸含量的增加有关。亚硝酸盐比氧化率相当低,而亚硝酸盐比还原率和硝酸盐比还原率相对较强。系统中存在多种氮代谢过程,包括好氧硝化、厌氧反硝化和硝化-反硝化同时进行的过程。通过分析反应系统的氮代谢机制和微生物群落结构,可以确定优势菌,如 Azoarcus、Thauera 和 Halomonas,它们具有显著的脱氮能力。
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引用次数: 0
Regarding Bioanalysis Lasting a Few Minutes: Automated Cooling-SPME and Fast-GC for Urinary 2-Phenyl-2-Propanol Monitoring. 关于几分钟的生物分析:用于尿液 2-苯基-2-丙醇监测的自动冷却-SPME 和快速-GC。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100743
Stefano Dugheri, Niccolò Fanfani, Giovanni Cappelli, Antonio Marigliano, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Donato Squillaci, Ilaria Rapi, Lorenzo Venturini, Giulia Pizzella, Sara Manetta, Alfonso Pavone, Michele Secchi, Iacopo Rainaldi, Nicola Mucci

An innovative SPME head space GC-MS method, in cooling mode, using a fully automated routine, was developed to detect 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a representative urinary metabolite of cumene. Following an acid hydrolysis and derivatization step with lowered quantities of reagents, acetic anhydride and pyridine, a 30 μm polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber was used to sample derivatized 2-phenyl-2-propanol, such as benzenemethanol,α,α-dimethyl-acetate, from the headspace. Performances of the method, optimized through experimental design, provide an LOD of 0.034 mg/L and an LOQ 0.10 mg/L, with a short sampling time necessary per sample. The method, developed on standard solutions, will be applied to both occupationally exposed and non-exposed populations.

本研究开发了一种创新的 SPME 顶空 GC-MS 方法,该方法采用冷却模式和全自动例行程序,用于检测 2-苯基-2-丙醇(一种具有代表性的尿液中的积苯代谢物)。在使用较低量的试剂(醋酸酐和吡啶)进行酸水解和衍生化步骤后,使用 30 μm 聚二甲基硅氧烷 SPME 纤维从顶空采样衍生化的 2-苯基-2-丙醇,如苯甲醇、α、α-二甲基乙酸酯。通过实验设计优化后,该方法的检出限(LOD)为 0.034 mg/L,定量限(LOQ)为 0.10 mg/L,每个样品所需的采样时间很短。该方法是在标准溶液的基础上开发的,将适用于职业暴露和非职业暴露人群。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Bioavailability of Traditional and Emerging Aromatic Contaminants in Plant Roots. 用于预测传统和新兴芳香族污染物在植物根茎中生物利用率的机器学习模型。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100737
Siyuan Li, Yuting Shen, Meng Gao, Huatai Song, Zhanpeng Ge, Qiuyue Zhang, Jiaping Xu, Yu Wang, Hongwen Sun

To predict the behavior of aromatic contaminants (ACs) in complex soil-plant systems, this study developed machine learning (ML) models to estimate the root concentration factor (RCF) of both traditional (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls) and emerging ACs (e.g., phthalate acid esters, aryl organophosphate esters). Four ML algorithms were employed, trained on a unified RCF dataset comprising 878 data points, covering 6 features of soil-plant cultivation systems and 98 molecular descriptors of 55 chemicals, including 29 emerging ACs. The gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.11, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.22, as validated by five-fold cross-validation. Multiple explanatory analyses highlighted the significance of soil organic matter (SOM), plant protein and lipid content, exposure time, and molecular descriptors related to electronegativity distribution pattern (GATS8e) and double-ring structure (fr_bicyclic). An increase in SOM was found to decrease the overall RCF, while other variables showed strong correlations within specific ranges. This GBRT model provides an important tool for assessing the environmental behaviors of ACs in soil-plant systems, thereby supporting further investigations into their ecological and human exposure risks.

为了预测芳香族污染物(ACs)在复杂土壤-植物系统中的行为,本研究开发了机器学习(ML)模型来估算传统芳香族污染物(如多环芳烃、多氯联苯)和新兴芳香族污染物(如邻苯二甲酸酯、芳基有机磷酸酯)的根浓度因子(RCF)。采用了四种 ML 算法,在统一的 RCF 数据集上进行了训练,该数据集包含 878 个数据点,涵盖土壤-植物栽培系统的 6 个特征和 55 种化学品(包括 29 种新出现的 ACs)的 98 个分子描述符。经五倍交叉验证,梯度增强回归树(GBRT)模型具有很强的预测性能,其判定系数(R2)为 0.75,平均绝对误差(MAE)为 0.11,均方根误差(RMSE)为 0.22。多重解释分析强调了土壤有机质(SOM)、植物蛋白和脂质含量、暴露时间以及与电负性分布模式(GATS8e)和双环结构(fr_bicyclic)相关的分子描述符的重要性。研究发现,SOM 的增加会降低总体 RCF,而其他变量在特定范围内显示出很强的相关性。该 GBRT 模型为评估土壤-植物系统中的 AC 环境行为提供了一个重要工具,从而支持了对其生态和人类暴露风险的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Halocarbon Observations in an Urban Area of the YRD Region, China: Characteristic, Sources Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment. 中国长三角地区城市地区卤烃长期观测:特征、来源分配和健康风险评估。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100738
Yuchun Jiang, Anqi Zhang, Qiaoli Zou, Lu Zhang, Hanfei Zuo, Jinmei Ding, Zhanshan Wang, Zhigang Li, Lingling Jin, Da Xu, Xin Sun, Wenlong Zhao, Bingye Xu, Xiaoqian Li

To observe the long-term variations in halocarbons in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, this study analyzes halocarbon concentrations and composition characteristics in Shanxi from 2018 to 2020, exploring their origins and the health effects. The total concentration of halocarbons has shown an overall increasing trend, which is driven by both regulated substances (CFC-11 and CFC-113) and unregulated substances, such as dichloromethane, chloromethane and chloroform. The results of the study also reveal that dichloromethane (1.194 ± 1.003 to 1.424 ± 1.004 ppbv) and chloromethane (0.205 ± 0.185 to 0.666 ± 0.323 ppbv) are the predominant halocarbons in Shanxi, influenced by local and northwestern emissions. Next, this study identifies that neighboring cities in Zhejiang Province and other YRD areas are potentially affected by backward trajectory models. Notably, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane have consistently surpassed acceptable thresholds, indicating a significant carcinogenic risk associated with solvent usage. This research sheds light on the evolution of halocarbons in the YRD region, offering valuable data for the control and reduction in halocarbon emissions.

为观察长三角地区卤烃的长期变化,本研究分析了山西省2018-2020年的卤烃浓度和组成特征,探讨了其来源和对健康的影响。卤烃总浓度总体呈上升趋势,其中既有受管制物质(CFC-11和CFC-113)的驱动,也有二氯甲烷、氯甲烷和氯仿等未受管制物质的驱动。研究结果还显示,受本地和西北部排放的影响,二氯甲烷(1.194 ± 1.003 至 1.424 ± 1.004 ppbv)和氯甲烷(0.205 ± 0.185 至 0.666 ± 0.323 ppbv)是山西最主要的卤烃。接下来,本研究发现浙江省的邻近城市和其他长三角地区有可能受到后向轨迹模型的影响。值得注意的是,三氯甲烷和 1,2-二氯乙烷一直超过可接受的阈值,这表明溶剂的使用具有很大的致癌风险。这项研究揭示了长三角地区卤烃的演变过程,为控制和减少卤烃排放提供了宝贵的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Computational Tools to Facilitate Early Warning of New Emerging Risk Chemicals. 促进新出现风险化学品早期预警的计算工具。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100736
Farina Tariq, Lutz Ahrens, Nikiforos A Alygizakis, Karine Audouze, Emilio Benfenati, Pedro N Carvalho, Ioana Chelcea, Spyros Karakitsios, Achilleas Karakoltzidis, Vikas Kumar, Liadys Mora Lagares, Dimosthenis Sarigiannis, Gianluca Selvestrel, Olivier Taboureau, Katrin Vorkamp, Patrik L Andersson

Innovative tools suitable for chemical risk assessment are being developed in numerous domains, such as non-target chemical analysis, omics, and computational approaches. These methods will also be critical components in an efficient early warning system (EWS) for the identification of potentially hazardous chemicals. Much knowledge is missing for current use chemicals and thus computational methodologies complemented with fast screening techniques will be critical. This paper reviews current computational tools, emphasizing those that are accessible and suitable for the screening of new and emerging risk chemicals (NERCs). The initial step in a computational EWS is an automatic and systematic search for NERCs in literature and database sources including grey literature, patents, experimental data, and various inventories. This step aims at reaching curated molecular structure data along with existing exposure and hazard data. Next, a parallel assessment of exposure and effects will be performed, which will input information into the weighting of an overall hazard score and, finally, the identification of a potential NERC. Several challenges are identified and discussed, such as the integration and scoring of several types of hazard data, ranging from chemical fate and distribution to subtle impacts in specific species and tissues. To conclude, there are many computational systems, and these can be used as a basis for an integrated computational EWS workflow that identifies NERCs automatically.

目前正在许多领域开发适用于化学风险评估的创新工具,如非目标化学分析、omics 和计算方法。这些方法也将成为识别潜在危险化学品的高效预警系统(EWS)的重要组成部分。对于当前使用的化学品,我们还缺少很多知识,因此计算方法与快速筛选技术的互补将至关重要。本文回顾了当前的计算工具,重点介绍了那些可用于筛选新出现风险化学品 (NERC) 的计算工具。计算 EWS 的第一步是在文献和数据库来源(包括灰色文献、专利、实验数据和各种清单)中自动、系统地搜索 NERC。这一步的目的是获得经过整理的分子结构数据以及现有的暴露和危害数据。接下来,将对暴露和影响进行并行评估,并将信息输入到总体危害评分的加权中,最后确定潜在的 NERC。会上确定并讨论了一些挑战,如整合和评分多种类型的危害数据,从化学归宿和分布到对特定物种和组织的微妙影响。总之,目前有许多计算系统,这些系统可用作自动识别 NERC 的综合计算 EWS 工作流程的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Presence of Trace Elements in Edible Insects Commercialized through Online E-Commerce Platform. 通过在线电子商务平台实现商业化的食用昆虫中的微量元素含量。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100741
Nadia San Onofre, David Vie, Jose M Soriano, Carla Soler

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of various elements in edible insect-based food products available for human consumption. Several products were analyzed using atomic spectroscopy, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results revealed the presence of elements such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silver, lead, tungsten, uranium, mercury, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, lithium, antimony, and thallium. Significant differences were found based on product type, insect species, and country of origin. The findings underscore the need to assess each insect species for its potential as a food source, taking into account element bioaccumulation factors. A comprehensive, global approach is essential for ensuring the food safety of edible insects as a sustainable protein source. Further research is needed to address these safety concerns.

这项研究旨在评估供人类食用的可食用昆虫食品中存在的各种元素。研究人员使用原子光谱对几种产品进行了分析,并使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 27 进行了描述性统计分析。结果显示,这些产品中含有砷、镉、铜、镁、镍、银、铅、钨、铀、汞、铂、铝、铍、铋、锂、锑和铊等元素。根据产品类型、昆虫种类和原产国的不同,发现了显著的差异。研究结果表明,有必要对每种昆虫作为食物来源的潜力进行评估,同时考虑到元素的生物累积因素。要确保食用昆虫作为可持续蛋白质来源的食品安全,必须采取全面的全球方法。要解决这些安全问题,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Emission Characteristics and Health Risks of Firefighter-Accessed Fire: A Review. 消防员着火的排放特征和健康风险:综述。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100739
Xuan Tian, Yan Cheng, Shiting Chen, Song Liu, Yanli Wang, Xinyi Niu, Jian Sun

The exacerbation of wildfires caused by global warming poses a significant threat to human health and environmental integrity. This review examines the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants resulting from fire incidents and their impacts on individual health, with a specific focus on the occupational hazards faced by firefighters. Of particular concern is the release of carbon-containing gases and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from forest fires and urban conflagrations, which exceed the recommended limits and pose severe health risks. Firefighters exposed to these pollutants demonstrate an elevated risk of developing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared to the general population, indicating an urgent need for enhanced protective measures and health management strategies for firefighters. Through a meticulous analysis of the current research findings, this review delineates future research directions, focusing on the composition and properties of these pollutants, the impacts of fire-emitted pollutants on human health, and the development of novel protective technologies.

全球变暖导致野火加剧,对人类健康和环境完整性构成了重大威胁。本综述研究了火灾事故产生的颗粒物 (PM) 和气体污染物及其对个人健康的影响,特别关注消防员面临的职业危害。森林火灾和城市火灾释放的含碳气体和细颗粒物(PM2.5)尤其令人担忧,它们超出了建议的限值,对健康构成严重威胁。与普通人群相比,暴露在这些污染物中的消防员患肺病、心血管疾病和癌症的风险更高,这表明迫切需要加强对消防员的保护措施和健康管理策略。本综述通过对当前研究成果的细致分析,确定了未来的研究方向,重点关注这些污染物的成分和特性、火灾排放的污染物对人体健康的影响以及新型防护技术的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Remediation of Arsenic and Antimony Co-Contaminated Soil by Iron- and Manganese-Modified Activated Carbon and Biochar. 铁和锰改性活性炭与生物炭对砷和锑共污染土壤的比较修复。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100740
Jiayi Han, Chuang Zhao, Min Yang, Mingheng Ye, Yani Li, Keke Zhou, Junrui Zhang, Peipei Song

At present, soil contaminated with arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) is escalating at an alarming rate, which is harmful to human health. In this study, Fe- and Mn-modified activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) were prepared and compared for the remediation of As- and Sb-contaminated soil. The effects on the speciation of As and Sb, soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and enzyme activity with various dosages and remediation times were investigated. The results showed that on the whole, the best stabilization effect of As and Sb was achieved with 3% FeMnBC. Furthermore, with increases in time and dosage, the immobilization effect on As and Sb was more significant. Fe/Mn-modified AC and BC enhanced soil pH, with 3% MnAC being particularly effective; 3% AC and 3% FeMnAC demonstrated the most pronounced enhancement in SOM. The modified carbon materials exhibited a dramatic increase in enzymatic activity. In particular, urease activity showed an increasing trend, and catalase activity first decreased and then increased over 30 days. Among the treatments, 3% MnAC showed the most significant enhancements in catalase and urease activities, whereas 1% FeMnBC had the most pronounced effect on increasing sucrase activity. This study provides theoretical support for the remediation of soil co-contaminated with As and Sb by Fe/Mn-modified AC and BC.

目前,受砷(As)和锑(Sb)污染的土壤正在以惊人的速度增加,对人类健康造成危害。本研究制备了铁和锰改性的活性炭(AC)和生物炭(BC),并比较了它们对砷和锑污染土壤的修复作用。研究了不同剂量和不同修复时间对砷和锑的种类、土壤 pH 值、有机质(SOM)和酶活性的影响。结果表明,总体而言,3% 的铁锰酸铜对砷和锑的稳定效果最好。此外,随着时间和用量的增加,对砷和锑的固定效果更加显著。铁/锰改性的 AC 和 BC 能提高土壤 pH 值,其中 3% 的 MnAC 尤其有效;3% 的 AC 和 3% 的 FeMnAC 对 SOM 的提高最为明显。改性碳材料的酶活性显著提高。其中,脲酶活性呈上升趋势,过氧化氢酶活性在 30 天内先降后升。在各种处理中,3% 的 MnAC 对过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性的提高最为显著,而 1%的 FeMnBC 对蔗糖酶活性的提高效果最明显。这项研究为铁/锰改性 AC 和 BC 修复砷和锑共同污染的土壤提供了理论支持。
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引用次数: 0
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