Eurípides Palacios-Valoyes, Manuel H Salas-Moreno, José L Marrugo-Negrete
(1) Background: Mercury and lead contamination resulting from various anthropogenic activities represents a global environmental problem and a considerable risk to the health of the human population. (2) Methods: The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in the blood of the child population in the municipalities in the Atrato River basin using a direct Hg analyzer and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. (3) Results: In total, 171 children (5-14 years of age) were taken into account, and 18.71% (32) of the children had concentrations of Hg and Pb above the permissible values established by the WHO. In the municipality of UN, 19 children had blood Hg concentrations between 5.29 and 17.71 μg/L. In CA, two children had concentrations of 5.03 and 8.43 μg/L, separately. In the case of Pb, seven children showed concentrations between 3.60 and 4.83 μg/dL in the municipality of RQ, three in UN (3.59, 3.61, and 4.60 μg/dL), and one in Carmen de Atrato (5.47 μg/dL). (4) Conclusions: The levels of Hg and Pb in the blood of children living in the riparian areas of the Atrato River basin are related to gold mining activities in the basin and the consumption of contaminated fish.
{"title":"Biomonitoring of Mercury and Lead Levels in the Blood of Children Living near a Tropical River Impacted by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Colombia.","authors":"Eurípides Palacios-Valoyes, Manuel H Salas-Moreno, José L Marrugo-Negrete","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Mercury and lead contamination resulting from various anthropogenic activities represents a global environmental problem and a considerable risk to the health of the human population. (2) Methods: The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in the blood of the child population in the municipalities in the Atrato River basin using a direct Hg analyzer and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. (3) Results: In total, 171 children (5-14 years of age) were taken into account, and 18.71% (32) of the children had concentrations of Hg and Pb above the permissible values established by the WHO. In the municipality of UN, 19 children had blood Hg concentrations between 5.29 and 17.71 μg/L. In CA, two children had concentrations of 5.03 and 8.43 μg/L, separately. In the case of Pb, seven children showed concentrations between 3.60 and 4.83 μg/dL in the municipality of RQ, three in UN (3.59, 3.61, and 4.60 μg/dL), and one in Carmen de Atrato (5.47 μg/dL). (4) Conclusions: The levels of Hg and Pb in the blood of children living in the riparian areas of the Atrato River basin are related to gold mining activities in the basin and the consumption of contaminated fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Ren, Yuqi Wang, Huining Zhang, Yan Li, Keying Sun
In the process of flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the generation of high-sulfate wastewater containing nitrogen is a significant challenge for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, halophilic activated sludge was inoculated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a high sulfate concentration (60 g/L). With the influent concentration of 180 mg/L, the removal rate of total nitrogen was more than 96.7%. The effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was lower than 1.94 mg/L, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were even lower than 0.77 mg/L. The salt tolerance of activated sludge is mainly related to the increase in the content of ectoine in microbial cells. The Specific Nitrite Oxidation Rate is quite low, while the Specific Nitrite Reduction Rate and Specific Nitrate Reduction Rate are relatively strong. In the system, there are various nitrogen metabolic processes, including aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification, and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes. By analyzing the nitrogen metabolic mechanisms and microbial community structure of the reaction system, dominate bacteria can be identified, such as Azoarcus, Thauera, and Halomonas, which have significant nitrogen removal capabilities.
{"title":"Investigation of Nitrogen Removal in Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitrification Wastewater Utilizing Halophilic Activated Sludge.","authors":"Min Ren, Yuqi Wang, Huining Zhang, Yan Li, Keying Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the process of flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the generation of high-sulfate wastewater containing nitrogen is a significant challenge for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, halophilic activated sludge was inoculated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a high sulfate concentration (60 g/L). With the influent concentration of 180 mg/L, the removal rate of total nitrogen was more than 96.7%. The effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was lower than 1.94 mg/L, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were even lower than 0.77 mg/L. The salt tolerance of activated sludge is mainly related to the increase in the content of ectoine in microbial cells. The Specific Nitrite Oxidation Rate is quite low, while the Specific Nitrite Reduction Rate and Specific Nitrate Reduction Rate are relatively strong. In the system, there are various nitrogen metabolic processes, including aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification, and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes. By analyzing the nitrogen metabolic mechanisms and microbial community structure of the reaction system, dominate bacteria can be identified, such as <i>Azoarcus</i>, <i>Thauera</i>, and <i>Halomonas</i>, which have significant nitrogen removal capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefano Dugheri, Niccolò Fanfani, Giovanni Cappelli, Antonio Marigliano, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Donato Squillaci, Ilaria Rapi, Lorenzo Venturini, Giulia Pizzella, Sara Manetta, Alfonso Pavone, Michele Secchi, Iacopo Rainaldi, Nicola Mucci
An innovative SPME head space GC-MS method, in cooling mode, using a fully automated routine, was developed to detect 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a representative urinary metabolite of cumene. Following an acid hydrolysis and derivatization step with lowered quantities of reagents, acetic anhydride and pyridine, a 30 μm polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber was used to sample derivatized 2-phenyl-2-propanol, such as benzenemethanol,α,α-dimethyl-acetate, from the headspace. Performances of the method, optimized through experimental design, provide an LOD of 0.034 mg/L and an LOQ 0.10 mg/L, with a short sampling time necessary per sample. The method, developed on standard solutions, will be applied to both occupationally exposed and non-exposed populations.
{"title":"Regarding Bioanalysis Lasting a Few Minutes: Automated Cooling-SPME and Fast-GC for Urinary 2-Phenyl-2-Propanol Monitoring.","authors":"Stefano Dugheri, Niccolò Fanfani, Giovanni Cappelli, Antonio Marigliano, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Donato Squillaci, Ilaria Rapi, Lorenzo Venturini, Giulia Pizzella, Sara Manetta, Alfonso Pavone, Michele Secchi, Iacopo Rainaldi, Nicola Mucci","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An innovative SPME head space GC-MS method, in cooling mode, using a fully automated routine, was developed to detect 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a representative urinary metabolite of cumene. Following an acid hydrolysis and derivatization step with lowered quantities of reagents, acetic anhydride and pyridine, a 30 μm polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber was used to sample derivatized 2-phenyl-2-propanol, such as benzenemethanol,α,α-dimethyl-acetate, from the headspace. Performances of the method, optimized through experimental design, provide an LOD of 0.034 mg/L and an LOQ 0.10 mg/L, with a short sampling time necessary per sample. The method, developed on standard solutions, will be applied to both occupationally exposed and non-exposed populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To predict the behavior of aromatic contaminants (ACs) in complex soil-plant systems, this study developed machine learning (ML) models to estimate the root concentration factor (RCF) of both traditional (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls) and emerging ACs (e.g., phthalate acid esters, aryl organophosphate esters). Four ML algorithms were employed, trained on a unified RCF dataset comprising 878 data points, covering 6 features of soil-plant cultivation systems and 98 molecular descriptors of 55 chemicals, including 29 emerging ACs. The gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.11, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.22, as validated by five-fold cross-validation. Multiple explanatory analyses highlighted the significance of soil organic matter (SOM), plant protein and lipid content, exposure time, and molecular descriptors related to electronegativity distribution pattern (GATS8e) and double-ring structure (fr_bicyclic). An increase in SOM was found to decrease the overall RCF, while other variables showed strong correlations within specific ranges. This GBRT model provides an important tool for assessing the environmental behaviors of ACs in soil-plant systems, thereby supporting further investigations into their ecological and human exposure risks.
{"title":"Machine Learning Models for Predicting Bioavailability of Traditional and Emerging Aromatic Contaminants in Plant Roots.","authors":"Siyuan Li, Yuting Shen, Meng Gao, Huatai Song, Zhanpeng Ge, Qiuyue Zhang, Jiaping Xu, Yu Wang, Hongwen Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To predict the behavior of aromatic contaminants (ACs) in complex soil-plant systems, this study developed machine learning (ML) models to estimate the root concentration factor (RCF) of both traditional (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls) and emerging ACs (e.g., phthalate acid esters, aryl organophosphate esters). Four ML algorithms were employed, trained on a unified RCF dataset comprising 878 data points, covering 6 features of soil-plant cultivation systems and 98 molecular descriptors of 55 chemicals, including 29 emerging ACs. The gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.75, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.11, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.22, as validated by five-fold cross-validation. Multiple explanatory analyses highlighted the significance of soil organic matter (SOM), plant protein and lipid content, exposure time, and molecular descriptors related to electronegativity distribution pattern (GATS8e) and double-ring structure (fr_bicyclic). An increase in SOM was found to decrease the overall RCF, while other variables showed strong correlations within specific ranges. This GBRT model provides an important tool for assessing the environmental behaviors of ACs in soil-plant systems, thereby supporting further investigations into their ecological and human exposure risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchun Jiang, Anqi Zhang, Qiaoli Zou, Lu Zhang, Hanfei Zuo, Jinmei Ding, Zhanshan Wang, Zhigang Li, Lingling Jin, Da Xu, Xin Sun, Wenlong Zhao, Bingye Xu, Xiaoqian Li
To observe the long-term variations in halocarbons in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, this study analyzes halocarbon concentrations and composition characteristics in Shanxi from 2018 to 2020, exploring their origins and the health effects. The total concentration of halocarbons has shown an overall increasing trend, which is driven by both regulated substances (CFC-11 and CFC-113) and unregulated substances, such as dichloromethane, chloromethane and chloroform. The results of the study also reveal that dichloromethane (1.194 ± 1.003 to 1.424 ± 1.004 ppbv) and chloromethane (0.205 ± 0.185 to 0.666 ± 0.323 ppbv) are the predominant halocarbons in Shanxi, influenced by local and northwestern emissions. Next, this study identifies that neighboring cities in Zhejiang Province and other YRD areas are potentially affected by backward trajectory models. Notably, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane have consistently surpassed acceptable thresholds, indicating a significant carcinogenic risk associated with solvent usage. This research sheds light on the evolution of halocarbons in the YRD region, offering valuable data for the control and reduction in halocarbon emissions.
{"title":"Long-Term Halocarbon Observations in an Urban Area of the YRD Region, China: Characteristic, Sources Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment.","authors":"Yuchun Jiang, Anqi Zhang, Qiaoli Zou, Lu Zhang, Hanfei Zuo, Jinmei Ding, Zhanshan Wang, Zhigang Li, Lingling Jin, Da Xu, Xin Sun, Wenlong Zhao, Bingye Xu, Xiaoqian Li","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To observe the long-term variations in halocarbons in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, this study analyzes halocarbon concentrations and composition characteristics in Shanxi from 2018 to 2020, exploring their origins and the health effects. The total concentration of halocarbons has shown an overall increasing trend, which is driven by both regulated substances (CFC-11 and CFC-113) and unregulated substances, such as dichloromethane, chloromethane and chloroform. The results of the study also reveal that dichloromethane (1.194 ± 1.003 to 1.424 ± 1.004 ppbv) and chloromethane (0.205 ± 0.185 to 0.666 ± 0.323 ppbv) are the predominant halocarbons in Shanxi, influenced by local and northwestern emissions. Next, this study identifies that neighboring cities in Zhejiang Province and other YRD areas are potentially affected by backward trajectory models. Notably, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane have consistently surpassed acceptable thresholds, indicating a significant carcinogenic risk associated with solvent usage. This research sheds light on the evolution of halocarbons in the YRD region, offering valuable data for the control and reduction in halocarbon emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farina Tariq, Lutz Ahrens, Nikiforos A Alygizakis, Karine Audouze, Emilio Benfenati, Pedro N Carvalho, Ioana Chelcea, Spyros Karakitsios, Achilleas Karakoltzidis, Vikas Kumar, Liadys Mora Lagares, Dimosthenis Sarigiannis, Gianluca Selvestrel, Olivier Taboureau, Katrin Vorkamp, Patrik L Andersson
Innovative tools suitable for chemical risk assessment are being developed in numerous domains, such as non-target chemical analysis, omics, and computational approaches. These methods will also be critical components in an efficient early warning system (EWS) for the identification of potentially hazardous chemicals. Much knowledge is missing for current use chemicals and thus computational methodologies complemented with fast screening techniques will be critical. This paper reviews current computational tools, emphasizing those that are accessible and suitable for the screening of new and emerging risk chemicals (NERCs). The initial step in a computational EWS is an automatic and systematic search for NERCs in literature and database sources including grey literature, patents, experimental data, and various inventories. This step aims at reaching curated molecular structure data along with existing exposure and hazard data. Next, a parallel assessment of exposure and effects will be performed, which will input information into the weighting of an overall hazard score and, finally, the identification of a potential NERC. Several challenges are identified and discussed, such as the integration and scoring of several types of hazard data, ranging from chemical fate and distribution to subtle impacts in specific species and tissues. To conclude, there are many computational systems, and these can be used as a basis for an integrated computational EWS workflow that identifies NERCs automatically.
{"title":"Computational Tools to Facilitate Early Warning of New Emerging Risk Chemicals.","authors":"Farina Tariq, Lutz Ahrens, Nikiforos A Alygizakis, Karine Audouze, Emilio Benfenati, Pedro N Carvalho, Ioana Chelcea, Spyros Karakitsios, Achilleas Karakoltzidis, Vikas Kumar, Liadys Mora Lagares, Dimosthenis Sarigiannis, Gianluca Selvestrel, Olivier Taboureau, Katrin Vorkamp, Patrik L Andersson","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innovative tools suitable for chemical risk assessment are being developed in numerous domains, such as non-target chemical analysis, omics, and computational approaches. These methods will also be critical components in an efficient early warning system (EWS) for the identification of potentially hazardous chemicals. Much knowledge is missing for current use chemicals and thus computational methodologies complemented with fast screening techniques will be critical. This paper reviews current computational tools, emphasizing those that are accessible and suitable for the screening of new and emerging risk chemicals (NERCs). The initial step in a computational EWS is an automatic and systematic search for NERCs in literature and database sources including grey literature, patents, experimental data, and various inventories. This step aims at reaching curated molecular structure data along with existing exposure and hazard data. Next, a parallel assessment of exposure and effects will be performed, which will input information into the weighting of an overall hazard score and, finally, the identification of a potential NERC. Several challenges are identified and discussed, such as the integration and scoring of several types of hazard data, ranging from chemical fate and distribution to subtle impacts in specific species and tissues. To conclude, there are many computational systems, and these can be used as a basis for an integrated computational EWS workflow that identifies NERCs automatically.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia San Onofre, David Vie, Jose M Soriano, Carla Soler
This study aimed to evaluate the presence of various elements in edible insect-based food products available for human consumption. Several products were analyzed using atomic spectroscopy, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results revealed the presence of elements such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silver, lead, tungsten, uranium, mercury, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, lithium, antimony, and thallium. Significant differences were found based on product type, insect species, and country of origin. The findings underscore the need to assess each insect species for its potential as a food source, taking into account element bioaccumulation factors. A comprehensive, global approach is essential for ensuring the food safety of edible insects as a sustainable protein source. Further research is needed to address these safety concerns.
这项研究旨在评估供人类食用的可食用昆虫食品中存在的各种元素。研究人员使用原子光谱对几种产品进行了分析,并使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 27 进行了描述性统计分析。结果显示,这些产品中含有砷、镉、铜、镁、镍、银、铅、钨、铀、汞、铂、铝、铍、铋、锂、锑和铊等元素。根据产品类型、昆虫种类和原产国的不同,发现了显著的差异。研究结果表明,有必要对每种昆虫作为食物来源的潜力进行评估,同时考虑到元素的生物累积因素。要确保食用昆虫作为可持续蛋白质来源的食品安全,必须采取全面的全球方法。要解决这些安全问题,还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Presence of Trace Elements in Edible Insects Commercialized through Online E-Commerce Platform.","authors":"Nadia San Onofre, David Vie, Jose M Soriano, Carla Soler","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the presence of various elements in edible insect-based food products available for human consumption. Several products were analyzed using atomic spectroscopy, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results revealed the presence of elements such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silver, lead, tungsten, uranium, mercury, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, lithium, antimony, and thallium. Significant differences were found based on product type, insect species, and country of origin. The findings underscore the need to assess each insect species for its potential as a food source, taking into account element bioaccumulation factors. A comprehensive, global approach is essential for ensuring the food safety of edible insects as a sustainable protein source. Further research is needed to address these safety concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan Tian, Yan Cheng, Shiting Chen, Song Liu, Yanli Wang, Xinyi Niu, Jian Sun
The exacerbation of wildfires caused by global warming poses a significant threat to human health and environmental integrity. This review examines the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants resulting from fire incidents and their impacts on individual health, with a specific focus on the occupational hazards faced by firefighters. Of particular concern is the release of carbon-containing gases and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from forest fires and urban conflagrations, which exceed the recommended limits and pose severe health risks. Firefighters exposed to these pollutants demonstrate an elevated risk of developing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared to the general population, indicating an urgent need for enhanced protective measures and health management strategies for firefighters. Through a meticulous analysis of the current research findings, this review delineates future research directions, focusing on the composition and properties of these pollutants, the impacts of fire-emitted pollutants on human health, and the development of novel protective technologies.
{"title":"The Emission Characteristics and Health Risks of Firefighter-Accessed Fire: A Review.","authors":"Xuan Tian, Yan Cheng, Shiting Chen, Song Liu, Yanli Wang, Xinyi Niu, Jian Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exacerbation of wildfires caused by global warming poses a significant threat to human health and environmental integrity. This review examines the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants resulting from fire incidents and their impacts on individual health, with a specific focus on the occupational hazards faced by firefighters. Of particular concern is the release of carbon-containing gases and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) from forest fires and urban conflagrations, which exceed the recommended limits and pose severe health risks. Firefighters exposed to these pollutants demonstrate an elevated risk of developing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared to the general population, indicating an urgent need for enhanced protective measures and health management strategies for firefighters. Through a meticulous analysis of the current research findings, this review delineates future research directions, focusing on the composition and properties of these pollutants, the impacts of fire-emitted pollutants on human health, and the development of novel protective technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayi Han, Chuang Zhao, Min Yang, Mingheng Ye, Yani Li, Keke Zhou, Junrui Zhang, Peipei Song
At present, soil contaminated with arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) is escalating at an alarming rate, which is harmful to human health. In this study, Fe- and Mn-modified activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) were prepared and compared for the remediation of As- and Sb-contaminated soil. The effects on the speciation of As and Sb, soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and enzyme activity with various dosages and remediation times were investigated. The results showed that on the whole, the best stabilization effect of As and Sb was achieved with 3% FeMnBC. Furthermore, with increases in time and dosage, the immobilization effect on As and Sb was more significant. Fe/Mn-modified AC and BC enhanced soil pH, with 3% MnAC being particularly effective; 3% AC and 3% FeMnAC demonstrated the most pronounced enhancement in SOM. The modified carbon materials exhibited a dramatic increase in enzymatic activity. In particular, urease activity showed an increasing trend, and catalase activity first decreased and then increased over 30 days. Among the treatments, 3% MnAC showed the most significant enhancements in catalase and urease activities, whereas 1% FeMnBC had the most pronounced effect on increasing sucrase activity. This study provides theoretical support for the remediation of soil co-contaminated with As and Sb by Fe/Mn-modified AC and BC.
目前,受砷(As)和锑(Sb)污染的土壤正在以惊人的速度增加,对人类健康造成危害。本研究制备了铁和锰改性的活性炭(AC)和生物炭(BC),并比较了它们对砷和锑污染土壤的修复作用。研究了不同剂量和不同修复时间对砷和锑的种类、土壤 pH 值、有机质(SOM)和酶活性的影响。结果表明,总体而言,3% 的铁锰酸铜对砷和锑的稳定效果最好。此外,随着时间和用量的增加,对砷和锑的固定效果更加显著。铁/锰改性的 AC 和 BC 能提高土壤 pH 值,其中 3% 的 MnAC 尤其有效;3% 的 AC 和 3% 的 FeMnAC 对 SOM 的提高最为明显。改性碳材料的酶活性显著提高。其中,脲酶活性呈上升趋势,过氧化氢酶活性在 30 天内先降后升。在各种处理中,3% 的 MnAC 对过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性的提高最为显著,而 1%的 FeMnBC 对蔗糖酶活性的提高效果最明显。这项研究为铁/锰改性 AC 和 BC 修复砷和锑共同污染的土壤提供了理论支持。
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Hoonsung Choi, Kyungho Ha, Jin Taek Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Hyojee Joung, Hong Kyu Lee, Youngmi Kim Pak
Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to obesity and diabetes, with declining lung function in aging increasing diabetes risk, potentially due to elevated serum levels of dioxin-like mitochondria inhibitor substances (MIS) from prolonged exposure to environmental pollutants. However, the mechanisms connecting MIS, mitochondria, lung function, and metabolic disorder remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed data from 1371 adults aged 40-69 years in the 2008 Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study (KoGES) Ansung cohort. We indirectly estimated dioxin-like MIS levels by measuring intracellular ATP (MISATP) and reactive oxygen species (MISROS) in cultured cells treated with the serum of participants. Using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), we explored the relationships among MIS, mitochondrial function, body mass index (BMI), and lung function (FEV1 and FVC). Our findings revealed that MISATP was associated with BMI in females and with FVC in males, while MISROS correlated with both BMI and FVC in males, not in females. Significant associations between BMI and FVC were found in the highest MIS subgroup in both sexes. SEM analyses demonstrated that MIS negatively influenced mitochondrial function, which in turn affected BMI and lung function. Age-related declines in lung function were also linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study underscores the potential of MIS assays as alternatives for assessing mitochondrial function and highlights the importance of mitochondrial health in metabolic disorders and lung function.
线粒体功能障碍与肥胖和糖尿病密切相关,老年肺功能下降会增加糖尿病风险,这可能是由于长期暴露于环境污染物导致血清中二恶英类线粒体抑制物质(MIS)水平升高所致。然而,线粒体抑制物质、线粒体、肺功能和代谢紊乱之间的关联机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们分析了 2008 年韩国基因组流行病学研究(KoGES)安城队列中 1371 名 40-69 岁成年人的数据。我们通过测量用参与者血清处理过的培养细胞中的细胞内 ATP(MISATP)和活性氧(MISROS),间接估计了二恶英类 MIS 的水平。通过相关分析和结构方程模型(SEM),我们探讨了 MIS、线粒体功能、体重指数(BMI)和肺功能(FEV1 和 FVC)之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,MISATP 与女性的体重指数和男性的肺活量相关,而 MISROS 与男性的体重指数和肺活量相关,但与女性无关。在 MIS 值最高的亚组中,男女均发现 BMI 和 FVC 之间存在显著关联。SEM 分析表明,MIS 对线粒体功能有负面影响,而线粒体功能又会影响体重指数和肺功能。与年龄相关的肺功能下降也与线粒体功能障碍有关。这项研究强调了 MIS 检测作为线粒体功能评估替代方法的潜力,并突出了线粒体健康在代谢紊乱和肺功能中的重要性。
{"title":"Relationships among Dioxin-like Mitochondria Inhibitor Substances (MIS)-Mediated Mitochondria Dysfunction, Obesity, and Lung Function in a Korean Cohort.","authors":"Hoonsung Choi, Kyungho Ha, Jin Taek Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Hyojee Joung, Hong Kyu Lee, Youngmi Kim Pak","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to obesity and diabetes, with declining lung function in aging increasing diabetes risk, potentially due to elevated serum levels of dioxin-like mitochondria inhibitor substances (MIS) from prolonged exposure to environmental pollutants. However, the mechanisms connecting MIS, mitochondria, lung function, and metabolic disorder remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed data from 1371 adults aged 40-69 years in the 2008 Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study (KoGES) Ansung cohort. We indirectly estimated dioxin-like MIS levels by measuring intracellular ATP (MIS<sub>ATP</sub>) and reactive oxygen species (MIS<sub>ROS</sub>) in cultured cells treated with the serum of participants. Using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), we explored the relationships among MIS, mitochondrial function, body mass index (BMI), and lung function (FEV1 and FVC). Our findings revealed that MIS<sub>ATP</sub> was associated with BMI in females and with FVC in males, while MIS<sub>ROS</sub> correlated with both BMI and FVC in males, not in females. Significant associations between BMI and FVC were found in the highest MIS subgroup in both sexes. SEM analyses demonstrated that MIS negatively influenced mitochondrial function, which in turn affected BMI and lung function. Age-related declines in lung function were also linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study underscores the potential of MIS assays as alternatives for assessing mitochondrial function and highlights the importance of mitochondrial health in metabolic disorders and lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}