Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

Introduction: In 2022-2023, 30% of Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years had used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the negative health impacts of e-cigarettes. Although sport and physical activity participation have been postulated as potential protective factors against e-cigarette use, evidence on their relationship is limited and no qualitative data are available. This study aims to qualitatively explore the relationship of e-cigarette use, sport participation and physical activity, among Australian adolescents aged 14-17 years.

Methods: A total of 96 participants aged 14-17 years completed 78 online single or paired semi-structured qualitative interviews, as part of the Generation Vape project, during February-May 2023. All discussion was unprompted. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied and inductive coding undertaken.

Results: Of the 96 participants, 52 (54%) volunteered data relating to this topic. Sport participation and athletic performance were perceived as key drivers of protective adolescent e-cigarette use behaviors including abstinence, cessation and 'responsible use'. Most current and former users reported experiencing health harms attributed to e-cigarettes - predominantly shortness of breath - during day-to-day physical activity such as walking or climbing the stairs and during sporting activities. Some users reported no difference in fitness attributable to e-cigarette use and former users reported improvements after quitting.

Conclusions: Sport participation was considered important by adolescents and related it to e-cigarette patterns of use; and e-cigarette users described experiencing negative health effects in sport and fitness settings. E-cigarette use in adolescents may jeopardize the physical, mental and social benefits of engaging in sport and recreational physical activity. There is a need for greater regulation of e-cigarette industry sponsorship of sport to reduce adolescent exposure to e-cigarette marketing and promotion. E-cigarette prevention campaigns that highlight impacts on sport maybe an effective intervention to support overall adolescent wellbeing.

Introduction: Understanding how menthol smokers change their behaviors in response to a menthol ban is important for public health and tobacco control. The goal of this scoping review is to summarize the up-to-date literature on this topic.

Methods: On 9 January 2024, we searched PubMed using the terms 'menthol ban and responses', 'menthol ban and quitting', and 'menthol ban switching', and performed forward citation tracking of recent review articles. We extracted data from each study regarding: 1) target population (US vs non-US); 2) type of ban (hypothetical or actual menthol ban); and 3) behavioral responses, including intended outcomes (quitting), harm reduction options (switching to e-cigarettes), and unintended consequences (continuing or switching to non-menthol products).

Results: Our search resulted in 25 publications, including hypothetical bans (n=15), actual bans (n=6), and both scenarios (n=4); 95% and 73% of publications reported more than one behavior change under hypothetical and actual menthol bans, respectively. The majority of the US studies reported predicted behavior transitions under hypothetical bans (89%), while non-US studies have focused on actual menthol bans (73%).

Conclusions: Generally, the reported behavior transitions under hypothetical and actual bans largely vary in the US and non-US, identifying research gaps regarding geographical coverage, age-specific considerations, and racial/ethnic representation. This scoping review highlights a future research agenda to encourage the public health research community to collect historical data before and after a federal menthol ban.

Introduction: Amid the changing tobacco product landscape, the effects of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remain unclear. This study aims to examine the relationship between different types of smoking (conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use) and smoking cessation plans among adult smokers.

Methods: A representative national dataset analysis of KHANES data (2018-2022) was conducted on 1475 current smokers. Current smokers were defined as those who had smoked more than five packs (100 cigarettes) of cigarettes in their lifetime and had smoked in the past 30 days, and type of smoking was classified as conventional cigarette, e-cigarette, or dual use. Smoking cessation plan was classified as 'yes' for smokers who intended to quit within one or six months, and 'no' for those with no plans to quit. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between smoking type and smoking cessation plans, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: A total of 26.0% of male smokers and 30.7% of female smokers had a smoking cessation plan. Compared with conventional cigarette users, e-cigarette users were less likely to have a smoking cessation plan (Male: AOR=0.52; CI: 0.29-0.91; Female: AOR=0.56; CI: 0.16-1.93). The results indicated no statistical significance in female e-cigarette users. In males, e-cigarette users smoking over 20 packs/year were less likely to have smoking cessation plans (AOR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.03-0.58).

Conclusions: E-cigarette use may have a negative impact on smoking cessation plans in male smokers. The results suggest the importance of public health efforts to provide accurate information and interventions related to e-cigarettes.

Introduction: E-cigarettes have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional tobacco products, raising concerns about the potential public health impact of widespread exposure to e-cigarette content. This scoping review aimed to answer the question: 'Is there an association between exposure to e-cigarette content on social or traditional media and product use among individuals?'.

Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect on 30 July 2023, including studies published from 2004 to July 2023. Only studies in English were included, focusing on participants exposure to e-cigarettes via media platforms. The review examined self-reported exposure to organic posts and promotions, with outcomes related to e-cigarette use (lifetime/ever and current/past 30-day use). The review also explored trends in media advertising and e-cigarette use during that period. The marketing platforms assessed included social media (Instagram, YouTube, Reddit, Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, websites), traditional media (television, movies, radio), and print media (magazines, newspapers).

Results: Of the 30 studies included in this review, 14 were longitudinal in design. The majority were conducted in the United States (n=27), with one study each from China, Germany, and Scotland. The prevalence of current and ever e-cigarette users varied across different regions and populations. The majority of studies covered in the review observed a significant association between e-cigarette marketing exposure and product use among various demographic groups. Multiple US national studies reported an upward trend in e-cigarettes use from 2011 to 2019. Longitudinal studies indicated a temporal relationship between e-cigarette marketing and subsequent product use, particularly among youth.

Conclusions: This scoping review highlights the evolving landscape of e-cigarette media advertising and its potential correlation on product use. Exposure to e-cigarette content on traditional and social media was consistently associated with e-cigarette consumption among diverse populations.

Introduction: Concerns about post-cessation weight gain might influence the attempts to quit smoking. The knowledge about post-cessation weight gain, the post-cessation weight concerns, and their relationship to smoking quit intention have not been thoroughly studied in the Chinese population.

Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study, which included a convenience sample of 1037 male smokers intending to quit smoking from Chongqing, China. Questionnaire-based investigations were conducted to assess sociodemographic characteristics, post-cessation weight concerns, and the intention to quit smoking. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between post-cessation weight concerns and intentions to quit smoking.

Results: The perception levels of post-cessation weight gain were low in the study population, and only 36.07% of respondents knew that 'smoking cessation will affect the weight of smokers'. Generally, the medium post-cessation weight concern score was 2.16 on a 10-point scale, and only 8.29% of the participants had scores >5. Participants with a higher degree of concern regarding post-cessation weight gain had a higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for intentions to quit smoking (AOR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.09-1.97) compared to participants with lower weight concerns in the fully adjusted regression model.

Conclusions: The extent of post-cessation weight concerns was low, partially due to the low perception of weight gain associated with smoking cessation. Moreover, the intentions to quit smoking were positively associated with post-cessation weight concerns. Consequently, it appears that weight concerns have not been a significant deterrent to the intention to quit smoking among the study population.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a significant health risk, but current research often overlooks its broader impact on functional impairments in the general public.

Methods: This study utilized serum cotinine levels (SCL) from the 2013-2018 NHANES dataset to investigate physical disabilities associated with SHS exposure. SCL represents the combined concentration of cotinine and hydroxycotinine. The physical disabilities assessed include difficulties with hearing, vision, concentration, walking, dressing or bathing independently, and running errands alone. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between SCL and physical disabilities in adults, with stratified analyses by age, gender, and race. A p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Logistic regression analyses showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with walking difficulty. Participants in the highest quartile of SCL (Q4) had significantly higher odds of walking difficulty compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs Q1, AOR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.24-3.31, p-trend=0.010). Higher hydroxycotinine were associated with increased walking difficulty (AOR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.06-2.08, p=0.030). Individuals in the highest quartile of hydroxycotinine (Q4) faced more difficulty running errands (AOR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.13-3.88, p-trend=0.036). Among males, the highest quartiles of cotinine and hydroxycotinine were more strongly associated with walking difficulty than in females (cotinine: AOR=2.92 vs 1.49; hydroxycotinine: AOR=3.23 vs 1.78). In adults aged ≥60 years, higher SCL, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine levels were significantly associated with walking difficulty (SCL, AOR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.24-2.02); cotinine, AOR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.21-2.67; hydroxycotinine, AOR=4.57; 95% CI: 1.92-10.89). An 'L'-shaped association was observed for ln(hydroxycotinine) and walking difficulty, with a significant association beyond -1.306 (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.33-4.96, p=0.005).

Conclusions: Higher SHS is significantly associated with various physical disabilities, especially in men and older adults.

Introduction: Adolescent deviant behaviors can severely hinder their healthy development. This study explores the relationship between tobacco consumption and sexual behavior in Korean adolescents.

Methods: This is a secondary dataset analysis of the pooled KYRBS cross-sectional studies from 2018 to 2022. Sexual behavior generally refers to physical contact or interactions related to sex. In this study, sexual behavior primarily refers to intercourse. A logit model was applied to examine the relationship between different types of tobacco use and the initiation of sexual behavior. Furthermore, data from the KYRBS 2018-2021 were used to analyze the time-related patterns in the connection between tobacco use and the first occurrence of sexual behavior among adolescents, with a focus on the moderating role of gender.

Results: Tobacco use among adolescents was positively associated with the occurrence of sexual behavior. After adjusting for other variables, adolescents who use ordinary cigarettes (AOR=7.85; 95% CI: 7.49-8.23), nicotine e-cigarettes (AOR=8.21; 95% CI: 7.80-8.64), or combustible e-cigarettes (AOR=9.86; 95% CI: 9.26-10.49) were more likely to engage in sexual behavior than non-users. Further research indicates that the earlier an individual reported beginning smoking tobacco, the earlier their first sexual encounter occurs, the correlation coefficient is 0.526 (p<0.01). Additionally, in the moderation analysis, the male group weakened the trend in the time to first tobacco use and first sexual behavior.

Conclusions: The use of different types of tobacco among Korean adolescents is strongly associated with sexual behavior. Adolescents are starting to engage in sexual activity at a younger age, especially males. Thus, providing reproductive health education to adolescent smokers could enhance their sexual decision-making. Furthermore, implementing tobacco cessation and sexual education for adolescents necessitates the development of gender-specific strategies to meet the distinct needs of males and females.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) may exacerbate the global disease burden, particularly in workplace settings. Observational studies have implicated SHS as a risk factor for various non-malignant digestive system diseases (NMDSD), yet establishing a causal relationship remains challenging. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore whether workplace exposure to SHS is associated with NMDSD.

Methods: This study utilized a secondary dataset analysis based on Genome-Wide association study (GWAS) summary data. Genetic variants associated with exposure to SHS in the workplace were used as instrumental variables. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for SHS were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS summary data for NMDSD were sourced from the FinnGen study, the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC), and a large-scale study conducted in Japan. We employed inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods for MR analysis. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of our findings.

Results: According to the IVW model, SHS in the workplace was positively associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.03-4.05; p=0.04). There was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy biasing causality (p>0.05), and leave-one-out analysis confirmed the stability and robustness of this association.

Conclusions: Our study identifies an association between regular exposure to SHS in the workplace and an increased risk of ulcerative colitis. However, the potential influence of active smoking or exposure to SHS from other sources cannot be excluded. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a serious disease burden in China, and tobacco control is considered an effective and feasible means to reduce this burden. This study analyzes the impact of tobacco on the burden of COPD in China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive secondary dataset analysis of COPD attributable to tobacco in China using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. This covers a range of statistics, including number of deaths, mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rates. Using Joinpoint regression analysis methods, we calculated the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to assess trends in COPD attributable to tobacco for various age groups and gender in China.

Results: In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of COPD attributable to tobacco in China was 35.46 per 100000, and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was 589.75 per 100000, both of which were higher than global levels. In China, the ASMR attributable to tobacco showed a consistent decline from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC= -3.69%, p<0.001), as did the ASDR (AAPC= -3.73%, p<0.001), consistent with trends observed globally and across five SDI regions, with China experiencing the fastest decline. In both 1990 and 2021, the burden of COPD attributable to tobacco was greater in males compared to females. During the years from 1990 to 2021, the ASMR of COPD attributable to tobacco and the ASDR showed a declining trend in males (AAPC= -3.29% and -3.41%, respectively) and in females (AAPC= -4.99% and -4.62%, respectively) (all p<0.001). The impact of COPD linked to tobacco use in China increased with age from 1990 to 2021, with the highest mortality and DALY rates observed in the population aged ≥70 years. Regarding secondhand smoke exposure, ASMR for females was 6.29 per 100000 and the ASDR was 119.03 per 100000, while the corresponding values for males were 7.80 per 100000 and 113.10 per 100000 , indicating a higher burden among females.

Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate of COPD attributable to tobacco in China showed a declining trend; however, there remains a slight gap compared to global levels. Significant differences in smoking exposure were observed based on gender and age, with a heavier burden among males and the elderly.

Introduction: This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupuncture-related therapies (AARTs) in managing nicotine dependence (ND).

Methods: We searched eight databases from their inception through December 2024 and screened randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating AART for ND. The primary outcome was the ND cessation rate. We assessed study quality using the ROB-2 tool and applied the GRADE approach to determine the certainty or quality of of evidence.

Results: Nine RCTs involving 1032 patients were analyzed. Meta-analysis results indicate that AART significantly reduces the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale score (MNWS) in ND patients compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (mean difference, MD=1.47; 95% CI: 0.06-2.88, p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in ND point cessation rate, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence score (FTND), Hamilton Anxiety Scale score (HAMA), daily smoking volume, or exhaled CO levels between AART and NRT. Notably, AART was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events compared to NRT (relative risk, RR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.04-0.56, p<0.01). There were also no significant differences in the ND point cessation rate between auricular-plaster therapy (APT), body acupuncture (BA), and the combination of APT and BA.

Conclusions: AART is effective in improving ND, showing greater efficacy in reducing MNWS and enhanced safety compared to NRT. Given the limited number of studies, the optimal AART regimen remains undetermined. Further research is needed to confirm and refine these findings.