Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

Introduction: Inadequate sleep duration among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern, with potential associations with various environmental exposures. This study investigates the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and sleep duration in Korean adolescents.

Methods: This study employed a pooled cross-sectional design using data from the nationally representative Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2021 to 2024 (n=195664). This study analyzed self-reported sleep duration (hours/minutes) from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). Ordinary least squares regression models were used to analyze the association between SHS exposure days and sleep duration, adjusting for individual, school, and family-level control variables. The moderating effect of tobacco use was examined through interaction terms.

Results: SHS exposure demonstrated a significant negative association with adolescent sleep duration. After full adjustment for control variables, each additional day of SHS exposure was associated with a reduction in weekly average sleep duration (β= -0.027; 95% CI: -0.029 - -0.024, p<0.01), weekday sleep duration (β= -0.030; 95% CI: -0.03 - -0.028, p<0.01), and weekend sleep duration (β= -0.018; 95% CI: -0.023 - -0.013, p<0.01). Tobacco use significantly moderated this relationship, with the interaction term showing positive coefficients across all sleep duration models.

Conclusions: SHS exposure significantly associated with sleep deprivation among Korean adolescents, with this association being influenced by individual tobacco use habits.

Introduction: Tobacco use has been associated with poor sleep quality among adolescents. Given the rising prevalence of poly tobacco use among South Korean adolescents, it is crucial to examine its cumulative impact on sleep health. This study aims to assess the association between various smoking behaviors and sleep health outcomes in this population.

Methods: This cross-sectional pooled secondary data analysis utilized data from the 2020-2023 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), comprising 172457 middle and high school students (aged 12-18 years). Information was collected via a self-administered web-based questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the relationship between smoking behaviors with sleep health, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Overall, 40.3% of tobacco users and 25.3% of non-users reported insufficient sleep accompanied by poor satisfaction. Adolescents engaged in triple use (concurrent use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products) demonstrated the highest odds of insufficient and poor sleep (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=2.32; 95% confidence interval CI: 2.01-2.67). A graded pattern was observed whereby increased poly tobacco use corresponded to poorer sleep outcomes.

Conclusions: Poly tobacco use is significantly associated with poor sleep health among South Korean adolescents. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal pathways and provide sufficient evidence to guide effective interventions and policies.

Introduction: The evidence on the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, particularly learning disabilities, remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and learning disabilities (LDs) in children and adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 1999-2004. Maternal smoking status during pregnancy was obtained from self-reported questionnaires and classified as smoking or non-smoking. The primary outcome, learning disabilities (LDs), was determined based on parental response to the question: 'Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that your child has a learning disability?'. Multiple analytic techniques, including multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM), doubly robust estimation, inverse probability weighting (IPW), standardized mortality ratio weighting (SMRW), and stratified analyses, were used to evaluate the robustness of our findings.

Results: There were 5835 participants in all, of whom 848 had mothers who smoked during pregnancy and 4987 had mothers who did not. The prevalence of LD was 18.9% (160/848) in the smoking group compared with 9.5% (474/4987) in the non-smoking group. After PSM, 1666 matched individuals were identified. The IPW model indicated that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with LDs in offspring (AOR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.59-2.37). Consistent results were confirmed by multivariable logistic regression, doubly robust estimation, SMRW, and stratified analyses.

Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with LDs among US children and adolescents. It is necessary to conduct further prospective studies to better understand this relationship.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes have gained widespread popularity among young adults, yet their respiratory health impacts remain incompletely understood. This cross-sectional investigation aimed to examine associations between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and physical activity among Chinese university students.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university in China from January to August 2024. The study recruited 122 participants aged 18-30 years from a university setting, comprising 60 regular e-cigarette users with ≥1-month consistent usage and 62 tobacco-naive controls. Comprehensive assessments included respiratory symptom evaluation using the Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire, pulmonary function testing via spirometry and impulse oscillometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement, and physical activity assessment through standardized questionnaires and objective monitoring. Statistical analyses employed independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariable linear regression models with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: The investigation revealed significantly elevated respiratory symptom burden among e-cigarette users compared to controls, with Dyspnoea-12 scores reaching 2.0 versus 0 points (mean difference=2.0; 95% CI: 0.5-3.5, p=0.008, Cohen's d=0.52). Analysis suggested a potential dose-response pattern with symptom escalation from 1.0 points in short-term users (1-3 months) to 3.5 points in long-term users (7-12 months, p=0.018). Impulse oscillometry detected subtle but significant increases in peripheral airway resistance (0.31 ± 0.07 vs 0.29 ± 0.06 kPa/L.s, p=0.045) and frequency-dependent resistance changes (p=0.028), among e-cigarette users compared to controls, indicating small airway dysfunction despite preserved conventional spirometric parameters. Physical activity levels remained comparable between groups across multiple assessment domains. Multivariable regression confirmed that e-cigarette use was independently associated with elevated respiratory symptoms (β=3.12; 95% CI: 1.01-5.23, p=0.004).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that e-cigarette use among university students is associated with clinically meaningful respiratory symptom burden and early airway dysfunction, supporting the need for further longitudinal studies and the development of symptom-based surveillance systems in academic settings.

Introduction: A range of studies suggests that people who smoke tobacco have impaired olfactory function, but few have explored the association between smoking history, such as duration or intensity, and olfactory function. We aimed to determine the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among adult smokers and to test the association between duration or intensity of smoking and olfactory function.

Methods: For this cross-sectional study we consecutively invited adult smokers, participating in a smoking cessation trial conducted in five Swiss study sites, to undergo olfactory function testing at baseline from September 2020 to June 2021. We tested olfactory function with the Burghart's Sniffin' Sticks 16-item identification test resulting in an olfactory identification score (OIS) of 0-16 points. We defined olfactory dysfunction as an OIS ≤11 points. We fitted multivariable regression models to test the association between the OIS or olfactory dysfunction and self-reported smoking parameters [cigarettes per day (CPD), years of smoking (YOS) and pack-years] adjusted for relevant confounders such as demographics, substance use and comorbidities.

Results: Of 388 eligible participants, 375 (96.7%) completed the olfactory testing. Mean age was 39.0 years (SD=13.2), and 44.8% identified as women. The participants smoked on average 15 (SD=7.1) cigarettes per day for a median duration of 18 years (IQR: 11-28). Mean OIS was 13.3 (SD=1.8) and 12.0% had olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with pack-years (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05) but not with YOS or CPD. OIS was negatively associated with pack-years (coefficient= -11.11; 95% CI: -4.29 - -17.94). OIS was not significantly associated with YOS or CPD.

Conclusions: Among smokers smoking ≥5 cigarettes per day participating in a smoking cessation trial, about one in ten had olfactory dysfunction. Higher number of pack-years were associated with a worse measure of olfactory function and with olfactory dysfunction.

Clinical trial registration: This sub-study of the ESTxENDS trial is pre-registered on the official website of ClinicalTrials.gov.

Identifier: NCT04617444.

Introduction: Cannabis is the third most used drug in the world with emerging legalization in the US and other countries. In a descriptive analysis, we report trends in cannabis use and types of products used in the VapeScan longitudinal study, a cohort study of young adults designed to investigate subclinical health effects of e-cigarette use.

Methods: The VapeScan study recruited 372 adults aged 18-50 years in the New York City area in 2021-2024, independently of cannabis use. At Visit 1, we asked about cannabis use, and at Visit 2, we implemented a more detailed questionnaire to characterize longitudinal trends and methods of cannabis use. We performed descriptive analyses to compare and report cannabis and tobacco use among participants groups of: 1) no substance use, 2) exclusive cannabis use, 3) exclusive e-cigarette use, and 4) dual substance use (e-cigarette and cannabis use).

Results: Participants had a median age of 26 years (IQR: 21-33), were 50.5% male, 48.1% female, and 1.3% non-binary. At Visit 1, 125 (33.6%) participants reported dual substance use, 15 (4%) reported exclusive cannabis use, 129 (34.7%) reported e-cigarette but no cannabis use, and 103 (27.7%) reported no substance use. At Visit 2, 128 of 217 (58.9%) participants reported cannabis use; 63 (29.0%) vape cannabis, 61 (28.1%) smoke cannabis, 111 (51.2%) edible cannabis, 69 (31.8%) CBD, and 8 (3.7%) topical cannabis. Frequency and intensity varied by method of use. Self-reported trends of vaped or smoked cannabis use varied between visits, with 28 (20.9%) becoming new users at Visit 2, while quitting only happened in 5 (6.3%) of those who vaped or smoked cannabis at Visit 1 (p=0.007).

Conclusions: Our findings support that cannabis use is diverse and complex and is growing in urban communities, requiring further investigation to better understand use patterns and potential exposure to cannabis-related contaminants and related health effects.

Introduction: Before granting marketing authorization for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must consider population risks and benefits associated with ENDS use. This study describes characteristics and usage patterns of individuals who use Juul or Vuse Alto to assess differences in product use.

Methods: A national, cross-sectional, online survey with US adults who use ENDS was conducted in 2022-2023 as the baseline component of a longitudinal study. Data from 503 people who regularly used either Juul (n=224) or Alto (n=279) were analyzed, including sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking and quitting behaviors, ENDS use patterns, reasons for use, and risk perceptions. Chi-squared tests, ANOVA, and binary, ordinal, and multinomial logistic regression compared people who use each product.

Results: Those using Juul were less likely to have formerly smoked cigarettes than those using Alto (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.25-0.99), and those using Alto and currently smoking reported greater readiness to quit smoking cigarettes compared to those using Juul. People who used Juul and smoked cigarettes more often used Juul in places where they could not smoke compared with people using Alto. Those using Juul regularly were less likely to be over the age of 29 years (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.31-0.70) and more likely to come from racial/ethnic minoritized groups (34.1% vs 21.8%). People using Alto regularly consumed more e-liquid (6.6 mL vs 3.7 mL ) and those using Juul regularly used pods with higher nicotine content (OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.25-3.14) than did those using Alto.

Conclusions: We noted differences between people using Juul and Alto in sociodemographic characteristics and usage patterns of both cigarettes and ENDS. These data provide information about the potential impact of authorizing marketing of a new product on tobacco use behaviors.

Introduction: As global population aging intensifies, the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) among middle-aged and older adults continues to worsen. This research systematically analyzed global LOCC burden trends among adults aged ≥45 years, aiming to inform evidence-based policy and public health strategies.

Methods: Key metrics were obtained from the GBD 2021 database including age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR). Their correlations with the sociodemographic index (SDI) were explored. Joinpoint models assessed trends via annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models projected future trends.

Results: From 1990 to 2021, globally, the ASPR (EAPC=0.77; 95% CI: 0.72-0.82) and ASIR (EAPC=0.35; 95% CI: 0.29-0.41) of LOCC among adults aged ≥45 rose significantly, while ASMR (EAPC= -0.15; 95% CI: -0.20 - -0.09) and ASDR (EAPC= -0.25; 95% CI: -0.31 - -0.20) rates declined. Regionally, all SDI quintiles experienced rising ASPR and ASIR, with middle SDI regions showing the fastest growth. Low-middle and low SDI areas saw increases in ASMR and ASDR. A notable correlation was identified between ASPR, ASIR and SDI. East Asia and Oceania had the most severe increases in ASPR/ASIR and ASMR/ASDR, respectively. Males bore a greater burden than females. Population growth and epidemiological shifts drove the rise in ASIR and ASPR, with alcohol and tobacco use as key mortality contributors. Projections estimate ASPR will reach 61.81 (95% UI: 37.31-86.30) and ASIR 17.09 (95% UI: 11.95-22.23) by 2050, with ASMR and ASDR expected to initially decline before rising again.

Conclusions: The study highlights the need for early prevention, especially in high-risk regions and among male adults aged ≥45 years, and emphasizes the importance of considering multiple factors in public health interventions for effective disease management.