Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is linked to smoking. Nicotine may disrupt bone homeostasis through various pathways, but its molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to explore the molecular networks and key regulatory factors underlying nicotine-induced OP.

Methods: Nicotine toxicity was assessed via ProTox-3.0, with its Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) structure retrieved from PubChem. Potential targets were predicted using five databases, including SuperPred. OP-related gene data (GSE56815) were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and combined with GeneCards and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) for target screening. Overlapping genes were identified by Venn diagram analysis, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using HipLot, while Hallmark Gene Sets provided insights into key biological pathways. Core targets were screened via Cytoscape 3.9.1, and molecular docking was conducted using AutoDockTools 1.5.7.

Results: In all, 388 nicotine-associated targets and 1777 OP genes were predicted, with 116 overlapping. Enrichment analyses revealed associations with multiple signaling pathways, particularly those involving apoptosis and estrogen. Eight core targets, including SRC, BCL2, and CASP3, were identified. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinity (approximately -5 kcal/mol), with enhanced binding stability through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding.

Conclusions: This study suggests nicotine exacerbates OP by regulating key targets, such as CASP3 and ESR1, and pathways like apoptosis and estrogen signaling. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine's role in OP and potential therapeutic targets.

Introduction: We describe population-level trends in the prevalence of any tobacco use, combustible and non-combustible tobacco use in US adults, by age and sex, from 2015 to 2023.

Methods: Cross-sectional data collected in the annual US National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) conducted between 2015 and 2023 were used to characterize trends in adult current prevalence of any tobacco use, combustible and non-combustible tobacco product use. All NHIS participants with valid data on tobacco use, age and sex were included in the analyses. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) from 2015 to 2023 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overall for each outcome and by different age groups (18-24, 25-34, 35-54, and ≥55 years) and for males and females. All statistical tests were two tailed and based on a p<0.05 significance level.

Results: Between 2015 and 2023 any tobacco use decreased at a statistically non-significant APC rate of -1.0% (95% CI: -2.1-0.12) across all age and sex groups combined. Overall, combustible tobacco decreased at a statistically significant APC rate of -3.6% (95% CI -4.6 - -2.6), with differences by age group (18-24: -12.2%, 95% CI: -14.6 - -9.7; 25-34: -5.2%, 95% CI: -6.6 - -3.8; 35-54: -2.5%, 95% CI: -4.2 - -0.9; ≥55: -1.2%, 95% CI: -1.8 - -0.5). Non-combustible tobacco product prevalence increased at a statistically significant APC of 8.9% (95% CI: 6.5-15.8) after 2017, with increases in all age groups and both sexes. The decrease in combustible tobacco was due to decreasing cigarette use while the increase in non-combustible tobacco products after 2017 was due to increases in electronic cigarette (EC) use.

Conclusions: Tobacco products use by US adults shifted between 2015 and 2023, with combustible use decreasing, particularly in young adults, while non-combustible use increased.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a prevalent inflammatory condition influenced by various risk factors, including tobacco use. With the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), their potential impact on periodontal health warrants investigation. The aim was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and periodontal disease compared to traditional cigarette smokers and non-smokers in a Saudi adult population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 169 adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, tobacco use, and oral hygiene practices. Periodontal status was clinically assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between tobacco type and periodontal disease, adjusting for confounders.

Results: Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 66.9% of participants. Tobacco use was reported by 88%, with 37.3% using e-cigarettes exclusively. Cigarette and mixed users had the highest prevalence of disease, followed by e-cigarette users, with non-smokers showing the lowest rates. Logistic regression revealed significantly increased odds of periodontal disease in cigarette smokers (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=16.31; 95% CI: 2.16-123.18; p=0.0071), and elevated odds in e-cigarette users (AOR=4.74; 95% CI: 0.84-26.80; p=0.0784) compared to non-smokers. Poor oral hygiene, defined as visible plaque and calculus on multiple tooth surfaces with gingival inflammation, was the strongest independent factor associated with disease (AOR=38.98; 95% CI: 4.79-317.11; p=0.0012).

Conclusions: Both cigarette and e-cigarette use were associated with worse periodontal health compared to non-smokers. The elevated odds for e-cigarette users, although accompanied by wide confidence intervals, indicate a potential harmful effect that warrants cautious interpretation. Dental professionals should recognize all forms of tobacco use, including e-cigarettes, as potential risk factors for periodontal disease and emphasize preventive care.

Introduction: Little is known about nicotine perceptions among people who use little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs). Nicotine perceptions may influence how people respond to changes in the tobacco marketplace, including changes that would result from regulatory actions such as a proposed nicotine product standard. This study examines differences in nicotine harm misperceptions between adults who use LCCs, those that use cigarettes, and those that use both products.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (aged ≥18 years) that use LCCs and/or cigarettes (n=5507) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 7 (2022-2023). We estimated the percentage of people who used LCCs that overestimated (perceived nicotine as 'very' or 'extremely' harmful) or were incorrect (either overestimate the harm or perceive nicotine as 'not at all' harmful) about nicotine harms and compared this to those who exclusively used cigarettes and those who dual used both products.

Results: Approximately 63.0% of respondents who use LCCs overestimated nicotine harms and 65.7% reported nicotine misperceptions. We found no significant difference in nicotine harm perceptions between people who exclusively used LCCs (overestimation, adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.82-1.34; incorrect AOR=1.19; 95% CI: 0.93-1.53), exclusively use cigarettes (base category), and used both products (overestimation AOR=1.05; 95% CI:0.80-1.39; incorrect AOR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.88-1.53). People who used other tobacco products in addition to LCCs and/or cigarettes were significantly less likely (overestimation AOR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.61-0.81; incorrect AOR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.63-0.84) to overestimate the harms of nicotine compared to those who did not use other tobacco products.

Conclusions: People who use LCCs are equally likely to overestimate or be incorrect about nicotine harms as those who exclusively or dual use cigarettes, but using additional products is associated with correct responses about nicotine harms.

Introduction: The therapeutic alliance has been identified as a key factor influencing smoking cessation success. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties - internal consistency, factorial validity, and concurrent validity - of the Spanish version of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short (WAI-S) in a mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation program for Mexican adults who smoke. Additionally, it examined the association between WAI-S score, smoking-related outcomes and program satisfaction.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Mexico between June and October 2021 with 100 adults who smoke intending to quit. The 12-week mHealth cessation program, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, combined automated text messages and tailored counselor feedback. At program completion, 80 participants completed the 12-item WAI-S. Psychometric analyses included exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's tests, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total correlations. Logistic regression models assessed the association of WAI-S scores with program satisfaction and smoking cessation outcomes.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis (n=80) revealed that two negatively worded items weakened internal consistency; their removal produced a refined 10-item scale with a robust two-factor structure and excellent reliability (Cronbach's α=0.91). Higher reported therapeutic alliance scores were associated with greater odds of satisfaction with the overall program (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21), the digital application (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), and the text message content (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), compared with participants reporting lower alliance scores. No significant association emerged between WAI-S scores and self-reported or biochemically verified smoking abstinence.

Conclusions: The 10-item Spanish WAI-S demonstrated strong psychometric validity for evaluating therapeutic alliance in an mHealth smoking cessation among Mexican adults. While not predictive of abstinence, higher alliance score correlated with greater satisfaction, underscoring the instrument's potential for monitoring engagement and informing the design of more effective digital cessation programs.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses health risks to pregnant women, with spousal smoking identified as the primary source of SHS exposure among Chinese pregnant women. This study examines smoking cessation intention and its associated factors among smoking husbands during their wives' pregnancy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Shanghai from April 2021 to December 2024, enrolling all registered pregnant women and their cohabiting smoking husbands in Jinshan District, Shanghai (n=1754 couples). Separate structured questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and smoking-related behaviors. Double data entry was performed using EpiData 3.1, with SPSS 26.0 employed for statistical analyses.

Results: Among the participants, 47.4% of the smoking husbands expressed a willingness to quit smoking. The results of the univariate analysis indicate that a husband's willingness to quit smoking is associated with several factors, including his age, health status, and the surrounding environment (p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that husbands' willingness to quit smoking was significantly associated with several factors. Specifically, compared to husbands younger than 25 years old, those older than 35 years were less willing to quit smoking (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.38-0.70). Additionally, husbands in poor health were less likely to quit than those in good health (AOR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.50-0.93). Furthermore, husbands with higher levels of education were less likely to quit than those with lower levels (AOR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). When comparing smoking habits, husbands who smoked ≥11 cigarettes per day were less willing to quit than those who smoked ≤5 cigarettes daily (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.42-0.75).

Conclusions: Smoking cessation intentions among husbands are influenced by multidimensional interactions of individual characteristics (age, health status), smoking behavior patterns (intensity, duration), and family and social environments (smoking bans, peer influence). Future research should elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions among these variables.

Introduction: Inadequate sleep duration among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern, with potential associations with various environmental exposures. This study investigates the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and sleep duration in Korean adolescents.

Methods: This study employed a pooled cross-sectional design using data from the nationally representative Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2021 to 2024 (n=195664). This study analyzed self-reported sleep duration (hours/minutes) from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). Ordinary least squares regression models were used to analyze the association between SHS exposure days and sleep duration, adjusting for individual, school, and family-level control variables. The moderating effect of tobacco use was examined through interaction terms.

Results: SHS exposure demonstrated a significant negative association with adolescent sleep duration. After full adjustment for control variables, each additional day of SHS exposure was associated with a reduction in weekly average sleep duration (β= -0.027; 95% CI: -0.029 - -0.024, p<0.01), weekday sleep duration (β= -0.030; 95% CI: -0.03 - -0.028, p<0.01), and weekend sleep duration (β= -0.018; 95% CI: -0.023 - -0.013, p<0.01). Tobacco use significantly moderated this relationship, with the interaction term showing positive coefficients across all sleep duration models.

Conclusions: SHS exposure significantly associated with sleep deprivation among Korean adolescents, with this association being influenced by individual tobacco use habits.

Introduction: Tobacco use has been associated with poor sleep quality among adolescents. Given the rising prevalence of poly tobacco use among South Korean adolescents, it is crucial to examine its cumulative impact on sleep health. This study aims to assess the association between various smoking behaviors and sleep health outcomes in this population.

Methods: This cross-sectional pooled secondary data analysis utilized data from the 2020-2023 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), comprising 172457 middle and high school students (aged 12-18 years). Information was collected via a self-administered web-based questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the relationship between smoking behaviors with sleep health, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Overall, 40.3% of tobacco users and 25.3% of non-users reported insufficient sleep accompanied by poor satisfaction. Adolescents engaged in triple use (concurrent use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products) demonstrated the highest odds of insufficient and poor sleep (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=2.32; 95% confidence interval CI: 2.01-2.67). A graded pattern was observed whereby increased poly tobacco use corresponded to poorer sleep outcomes.

Conclusions: Poly tobacco use is significantly associated with poor sleep health among South Korean adolescents. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal pathways and provide sufficient evidence to guide effective interventions and policies.

Introduction: The evidence on the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, particularly learning disabilities, remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and learning disabilities (LDs) in children and adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 1999-2004. Maternal smoking status during pregnancy was obtained from self-reported questionnaires and classified as smoking or non-smoking. The primary outcome, learning disabilities (LDs), was determined based on parental response to the question: 'Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that your child has a learning disability?'. Multiple analytic techniques, including multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM), doubly robust estimation, inverse probability weighting (IPW), standardized mortality ratio weighting (SMRW), and stratified analyses, were used to evaluate the robustness of our findings.

Results: There were 5835 participants in all, of whom 848 had mothers who smoked during pregnancy and 4987 had mothers who did not. The prevalence of LD was 18.9% (160/848) in the smoking group compared with 9.5% (474/4987) in the non-smoking group. After PSM, 1666 matched individuals were identified. The IPW model indicated that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with LDs in offspring (AOR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.59-2.37). Consistent results were confirmed by multivariable logistic regression, doubly robust estimation, SMRW, and stratified analyses.

Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was positively associated with LDs among US children and adolescents. It is necessary to conduct further prospective studies to better understand this relationship.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes have gained widespread popularity among young adults, yet their respiratory health impacts remain incompletely understood. This cross-sectional investigation aimed to examine associations between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and physical activity among Chinese university students.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university in China from January to August 2024. The study recruited 122 participants aged 18-30 years from a university setting, comprising 60 regular e-cigarette users with ≥1-month consistent usage and 62 tobacco-naive controls. Comprehensive assessments included respiratory symptom evaluation using the Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire, pulmonary function testing via spirometry and impulse oscillometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement, and physical activity assessment through standardized questionnaires and objective monitoring. Statistical analyses employed independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariable linear regression models with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: The investigation revealed significantly elevated respiratory symptom burden among e-cigarette users compared to controls, with Dyspnoea-12 scores reaching 2.0 versus 0 points (mean difference=2.0; 95% CI: 0.5-3.5, p=0.008, Cohen's d=0.52). Analysis suggested a potential dose-response pattern with symptom escalation from 1.0 points in short-term users (1-3 months) to 3.5 points in long-term users (7-12 months, p=0.018). Impulse oscillometry detected subtle but significant increases in peripheral airway resistance (0.31 ± 0.07 vs 0.29 ± 0.06 kPa/L.s, p=0.045) and frequency-dependent resistance changes (p=0.028), among e-cigarette users compared to controls, indicating small airway dysfunction despite preserved conventional spirometric parameters. Physical activity levels remained comparable between groups across multiple assessment domains. Multivariable regression confirmed that e-cigarette use was independently associated with elevated respiratory symptoms (β=3.12; 95% CI: 1.01-5.23, p=0.004).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that e-cigarette use among university students is associated with clinically meaningful respiratory symptom burden and early airway dysfunction, supporting the need for further longitudinal studies and the development of symptom-based surveillance systems in academic settings.