Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

Introduction: Tobacco use among adolescents continues to pose a major public-health challenge in Saudi Arabia. Despite national prevention efforts and declining smoking rates, many youths remain vulnerable to nicotine addiction and experimentation with emerging products such as shisha and e-cigarettes. Understanding factors that influence quit attempts and cessation awareness is essential to guide effective school- and community-based tobacco-control interventions. This study assessed the prevalence of quit attempts and identified behavioral and environmental correlates of cessation motivation among Saudi youth using data from the 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 6983 students aged 11-17 years who participated in the 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Weighted analyses described tobacco-use patterns and cessation behaviors. Chi-squared tests examined bivariate relationships, while multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors associated with quit attempts, including adjusting for age, sex, parental and peer smoking, and media exposure. Significance was defined as p<0.05.

Results: Approximately 33% of respondents had ever used tobacco or nicotine, and 10.8% were current users. Among those who used tobacco within the past 12 months (n=411), 77.4% had attempted to quit, 64% wanted to stop, and 79.8% had received advice to quit. Factors associated with quit attempts included having no close friends who smoke (AOR=4.38; 95% CI: 1.73-11.07), exposure to school-based anti-tobacco lessons (AOR=3.25; 95% CI: 1.51-6.99), noticing health warnings on shisha packs (AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.02-6.55), and exposure to tobacco imagery in media (AOR=3.19; 95% CI: 1.64-6.17).

Conclusions: Most Saudi youth who use tobacco express a desire to quit, and social context strongly influences their cessation behavior. Reinforcing school-based anti-tobacco education, expanding adolescent cessation programs, and strengthening policy enforcement could further reduce tobacco use and improve cessation outcomes among young people.

Introduction: Senescence of type II alveolar (AT-II) cells is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have reported that circRNA FOXO3 (circFOXO3) is upregulated after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and that circFOXO3 knockdown has protective effects on CS-induced inflammation. Here, we investigate whether circFOXO3 upregulation is involved in CS-induced AT-II cell senescence.

Methods: Within this experimental cell-based and animal study, the effects of circFOXO3 on CSE-induced senescence in AT-II cell line MLE12 were determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and western blotting analyses of p16 and p21 expression. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expression of γ-H2AX to analyze DNA damage. Then the autophagy level of CSE-treated MLE12 cells was evaluated by western blotting analyses of LC3B and Beclin-1 expression. Furthermore, we analyzed interactions between circFOXO3 and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation studies.

Results: Our results show that circFOXO3 knockdown suppressed CS extract (CSE)-induced senescence in the AT-II cell line MLE-12. Additionally, CSE-induced autophagy impairment was reduced by circFOXO3 knockdown, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine abrogated the effects induced by circFOXO3 knockdown on cell senescence. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circFOXO3 interacts with E2F1 and suppresses its nuclear translocation. E2F1 knockdown reduced the positive regulation of circFOXO3 knockdown on autophagy and prevented the suppressive effects of circFOXO3 knockdown on cell senescence. Consistent with this, circFOXO3 knockdown mitigated CS-induced senescence in AT-II cells in vivo.

Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that CS-induced circFOXO3 upregulation promotes autophagy-dependent senescence of AT-II cells, leading to enhanced lung injury.

Introduction: Regular use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) by people who smoke cigarettes may impact smoking trajectories. ENDS brands are used by different populations in different ways, but their associations with smoking cessation are not well understood. This study evaluated whether regular use of Juul or Alto ENDS differently impacted smoking abstinence one year later among adults who had smoked cigarettes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study surveyed a national sample of US adults who used ENDS in 2022-2023 and again after one year to assess cigarette smoking. Multivariable logistic regression models used data from 237 people who had smoked cigarettes in the past year and regularly used ENDS products Juul or Alto at baseline to examine the characteristics and behaviors associated with abstaining from cigarette smoking at follow-up at 12 months.

Results: Whereas no overall differences in smoking abstinence at follow-up at 12 months were found between adults who used Juul versus adults who used Alto, adults who used Juul and had quit smoking by baseline were more likely than their Alto-using counterparts to remain abstinent at follow-up at 12 months (AOR=7.07). Other characteristics that were associated with abstaining from cigarettes at follow-up included being 18-29 years (vs older) (AOR=3.64), identifying as White, non-Hispanic (vs another race/ethnicity) (AOR=3.03), not currently smoking at baseline (vs currently smoking) (AOR=20.25), using their Juul or Alto product to quit smoking or remain quit (AOR=2.77), and use of menthol cigarette flavors (vs tobacco flavor) (AOR=2.54).

Conclusions: This longitudinal study found limited differences in smoking abstinence after one year between those who regularly used Juul versus Alto. However, people who used ENDS products specifically to quit smoking were more likely to achieve smoking abstinence and there were important sociodemographic differences. Future research is needed to inform interventions to increase the likelihood that people who use ENDS completely stop smoking and eventually quit all consumer nicotine products.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal cancers remain a major global health issue, with tobacco use as a key factor. Understanding the impact of tobacco use on these cancers and its regional trends is essential for effective prevention strategies.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we analyzed mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to tobacco from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression estimated average annual percent change (AAPC), and ARIMA predicted disease burden up to 2036. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with GWAS data, applied methods such as inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR-Egger for causal inference.

Results: Esophageal cancer had the highest burden in 2021, with a mortality rate of 2.54 deaths per 100000 population and a DALY rate of 58.49 DALYs per 100000 population. Stomach cancer showed the most significant decrease, with mortality dropping from 2.81 to 1.25 deaths per 100000 population (AAPC= -2.58; 95% uncertainty interval, UI: -2.61- -2.55) and DALY rates decreasing from 71.71 to 29.01 DALYs per 100000 population (AAPC= -2.87; 95% UI: -2.90 - -2.84). The disease burden was higher in older males. ARIMA analysis showed a general decline in disease burden, though some regions had an increasing trend. MR analysis did not provide genetic evidence supporting an association between tobacco use and these cancers.

Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of gastrointestinal cancers linked to tobacco use showed a declining trend. However, mortality and DALY rates remain high, with significant regional, age, and gender differences, highlighting the need for continued tobacco control efforts.

Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is linked to smoking. Nicotine may disrupt bone homeostasis through various pathways, but its molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to explore the molecular networks and key regulatory factors underlying nicotine-induced OP.

Methods: Nicotine toxicity was assessed via ProTox-3.0, with its Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) structure retrieved from PubChem. Potential targets were predicted using five databases, including SuperPred. OP-related gene data (GSE56815) were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and combined with GeneCards and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) for target screening. Overlapping genes were identified by Venn diagram analysis, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using HipLot, while Hallmark Gene Sets provided insights into key biological pathways. Core targets were screened via Cytoscape 3.9.1, and molecular docking was conducted using AutoDockTools 1.5.7.

Results: In all, 388 nicotine-associated targets and 1777 OP genes were predicted, with 116 overlapping. Enrichment analyses revealed associations with multiple signaling pathways, particularly those involving apoptosis and estrogen. Eight core targets, including SRC, BCL2, and CASP3, were identified. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinity (approximately -5 kcal/mol), with enhanced binding stability through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding.

Conclusions: This study suggests nicotine exacerbates OP by regulating key targets, such as CASP3 and ESR1, and pathways like apoptosis and estrogen signaling. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine's role in OP and potential therapeutic targets.

Introduction: We describe population-level trends in the prevalence of any tobacco use, combustible and non-combustible tobacco use in US adults, by age and sex, from 2015 to 2023.

Methods: Cross-sectional data collected in the annual US National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) conducted between 2015 and 2023 were used to characterize trends in adult current prevalence of any tobacco use, combustible and non-combustible tobacco product use. All NHIS participants with valid data on tobacco use, age and sex were included in the analyses. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) from 2015 to 2023 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overall for each outcome and by different age groups (18-24, 25-34, 35-54, and ≥55 years) and for males and females. All statistical tests were two tailed and based on a p<0.05 significance level.

Results: Between 2015 and 2023 any tobacco use decreased at a statistically non-significant APC rate of -1.0% (95% CI: -2.1-0.12) across all age and sex groups combined. Overall, combustible tobacco decreased at a statistically significant APC rate of -3.6% (95% CI -4.6 - -2.6), with differences by age group (18-24: -12.2%, 95% CI: -14.6 - -9.7; 25-34: -5.2%, 95% CI: -6.6 - -3.8; 35-54: -2.5%, 95% CI: -4.2 - -0.9; ≥55: -1.2%, 95% CI: -1.8 - -0.5). Non-combustible tobacco product prevalence increased at a statistically significant APC of 8.9% (95% CI: 6.5-15.8) after 2017, with increases in all age groups and both sexes. The decrease in combustible tobacco was due to decreasing cigarette use while the increase in non-combustible tobacco products after 2017 was due to increases in electronic cigarette (EC) use.

Conclusions: Tobacco products use by US adults shifted between 2015 and 2023, with combustible use decreasing, particularly in young adults, while non-combustible use increased.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a prevalent inflammatory condition influenced by various risk factors, including tobacco use. With the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), their potential impact on periodontal health warrants investigation. The aim was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and periodontal disease compared to traditional cigarette smokers and non-smokers in a Saudi adult population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 169 adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, tobacco use, and oral hygiene practices. Periodontal status was clinically assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between tobacco type and periodontal disease, adjusting for confounders.

Results: Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 66.9% of participants. Tobacco use was reported by 88%, with 37.3% using e-cigarettes exclusively. Cigarette and mixed users had the highest prevalence of disease, followed by e-cigarette users, with non-smokers showing the lowest rates. Logistic regression revealed significantly increased odds of periodontal disease in cigarette smokers (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=16.31; 95% CI: 2.16-123.18; p=0.0071), and elevated odds in e-cigarette users (AOR=4.74; 95% CI: 0.84-26.80; p=0.0784) compared to non-smokers. Poor oral hygiene, defined as visible plaque and calculus on multiple tooth surfaces with gingival inflammation, was the strongest independent factor associated with disease (AOR=38.98; 95% CI: 4.79-317.11; p=0.0012).

Conclusions: Both cigarette and e-cigarette use were associated with worse periodontal health compared to non-smokers. The elevated odds for e-cigarette users, although accompanied by wide confidence intervals, indicate a potential harmful effect that warrants cautious interpretation. Dental professionals should recognize all forms of tobacco use, including e-cigarettes, as potential risk factors for periodontal disease and emphasize preventive care.

Introduction: Little is known about nicotine perceptions among people who use little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs). Nicotine perceptions may influence how people respond to changes in the tobacco marketplace, including changes that would result from regulatory actions such as a proposed nicotine product standard. This study examines differences in nicotine harm misperceptions between adults who use LCCs, those that use cigarettes, and those that use both products.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (aged ≥18 years) that use LCCs and/or cigarettes (n=5507) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 7 (2022-2023). We estimated the percentage of people who used LCCs that overestimated (perceived nicotine as 'very' or 'extremely' harmful) or were incorrect (either overestimate the harm or perceive nicotine as 'not at all' harmful) about nicotine harms and compared this to those who exclusively used cigarettes and those who dual used both products.

Results: Approximately 63.0% of respondents who use LCCs overestimated nicotine harms and 65.7% reported nicotine misperceptions. We found no significant difference in nicotine harm perceptions between people who exclusively used LCCs (overestimation, adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.82-1.34; incorrect AOR=1.19; 95% CI: 0.93-1.53), exclusively use cigarettes (base category), and used both products (overestimation AOR=1.05; 95% CI:0.80-1.39; incorrect AOR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.88-1.53). People who used other tobacco products in addition to LCCs and/or cigarettes were significantly less likely (overestimation AOR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.61-0.81; incorrect AOR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.63-0.84) to overestimate the harms of nicotine compared to those who did not use other tobacco products.

Conclusions: People who use LCCs are equally likely to overestimate or be incorrect about nicotine harms as those who exclusively or dual use cigarettes, but using additional products is associated with correct responses about nicotine harms.

Introduction: The therapeutic alliance has been identified as a key factor influencing smoking cessation success. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties - internal consistency, factorial validity, and concurrent validity - of the Spanish version of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short (WAI-S) in a mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation program for Mexican adults who smoke. Additionally, it examined the association between WAI-S score, smoking-related outcomes and program satisfaction.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Mexico between June and October 2021 with 100 adults who smoke intending to quit. The 12-week mHealth cessation program, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, combined automated text messages and tailored counselor feedback. At program completion, 80 participants completed the 12-item WAI-S. Psychometric analyses included exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's tests, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total correlations. Logistic regression models assessed the association of WAI-S scores with program satisfaction and smoking cessation outcomes.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis (n=80) revealed that two negatively worded items weakened internal consistency; their removal produced a refined 10-item scale with a robust two-factor structure and excellent reliability (Cronbach's α=0.91). Higher reported therapeutic alliance scores were associated with greater odds of satisfaction with the overall program (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21), the digital application (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), and the text message content (AOR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), compared with participants reporting lower alliance scores. No significant association emerged between WAI-S scores and self-reported or biochemically verified smoking abstinence.

Conclusions: The 10-item Spanish WAI-S demonstrated strong psychometric validity for evaluating therapeutic alliance in an mHealth smoking cessation among Mexican adults. While not predictive of abstinence, higher alliance score correlated with greater satisfaction, underscoring the instrument's potential for monitoring engagement and informing the design of more effective digital cessation programs.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses health risks to pregnant women, with spousal smoking identified as the primary source of SHS exposure among Chinese pregnant women. This study examines smoking cessation intention and its associated factors among smoking husbands during their wives' pregnancy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in Shanghai from April 2021 to December 2024, enrolling all registered pregnant women and their cohabiting smoking husbands in Jinshan District, Shanghai (n=1754 couples). Separate structured questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and smoking-related behaviors. Double data entry was performed using EpiData 3.1, with SPSS 26.0 employed for statistical analyses.

Results: Among the participants, 47.4% of the smoking husbands expressed a willingness to quit smoking. The results of the univariate analysis indicate that a husband's willingness to quit smoking is associated with several factors, including his age, health status, and the surrounding environment (p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that husbands' willingness to quit smoking was significantly associated with several factors. Specifically, compared to husbands younger than 25 years old, those older than 35 years were less willing to quit smoking (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.38-0.70). Additionally, husbands in poor health were less likely to quit than those in good health (AOR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.50-0.93). Furthermore, husbands with higher levels of education were less likely to quit than those with lower levels (AOR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). When comparing smoking habits, husbands who smoked ≥11 cigarettes per day were less willing to quit than those who smoked ≤5 cigarettes daily (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.42-0.75).

Conclusions: Smoking cessation intentions among husbands are influenced by multidimensional interactions of individual characteristics (age, health status), smoking behavior patterns (intensity, duration), and family and social environments (smoking bans, peer influence). Future research should elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interactions among these variables.