Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects 390 million people globally, with oxidative stress playing a key pathogenic role. Smoking and other forms of tobacco exposure are major COPD drivers and important sources of systemic oxidative stress, and potentially interact with metal homeostasis. Copper exhibits dual effects in lung homeostasis, as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes and a potential catalyst for reactive oxygen species. However, the causal relationship between serum copper levels and COPD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess their association using a combination of observational and genetic approaches.

Methods: In stage one, we used multivariate regression to analyze the association between serum copper and COPD in 3166 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2016. Models adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates including smoking-related variables, and stratified analyses by smoking status. Stage two utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore a potential cause-and-effect link between copper levels in serum determined by genetics and COPD.

Results: Observational analysis showed increased COPD risk in the highest serum copper tertile (T3 vs T1, OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.09-2.49; p-trend=0.0245). The association remained after adjustment for smoking-related covariates. However, MR analyses using both FinnGen and UK Biobank data suggested no causal effect (FinnGen IVW, OR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.98-1.04, p=0.37; UK Biobank IVW, OR=1.00; 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p=0.55), with sensitivity analyses confirming result robustness.

Conclusions: While elevated serum copper is associated with COPD prevalence observationally, the null MR finding suggests it may reflect tobacco-related systemic oxidative stress or reverse causation rather than being a direct causal driver. Therefore, serum copper may be more useful as a biomarker of smoking-induced redox disturbance than as a therapeutic target. These results underscore the importance of integrating tobacco exposure metrics in future studies examining metal biology in COPD.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the relationship between smoking and delirium in patients with sepsis and identify potential mediating mechanisms, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted involving 10855 adult patients with sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were applied to assess associations while controlling for confounders such as demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and laboratory parameters. Causal mediation analysis (CMA) was employed to explore the mediating role of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess result robustness.

Results: The incidence of delirium was significantly higher among smokers compared to non-smokers (34.8% vs 25.7%). Adjusted models identified smoking as an independent risk factor (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.28-1.61). These findings were validated through PSM (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.20-1.53) and IPTW (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32). Subgroup analyses affirmed associations across most strata. CMA indicated that 7.876% (95% CI: 4.433-13) of the effect of smoking on delirium was mediated by elevated PaCO2, with direct and indirect effects quantified at 0.0625 (95% CI: 0.0428-0.0800) and 0.0050 (95% CI: 0.0027-0.0081), respectively. Sensitivity analyses among ICU survivors yielded consistent results (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.34-1.72).

Conclusions: Smoking is independently linked to an increased risk of delirium in patients with sepsis, with hypercapnia partially mediating this relationship. These findings emphasize the importance of smoking cessation and targeted respiratory management in preventing delirium.

Introduction: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is spreading among adolescents, especially at higher education institutions, and it may have effects on health and learning. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to examine the decision to use e-cigarettes and identify the associated factors among students of a university in northern Thailand.

Methods: Data were collected by using a developed questionnaire via an online system with 430 undergraduate students from a university in northern Thailand. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviations, and logistic regression at a confidence level of 0.05.

Results: In a sample group, the decision to use e-cigarettes was found to be 18.6%. Factors significantly associated with the decision to use e-cigarettes included receiving information about the dangers of e-cigarettes from loved ones (AOR=2.84; 95% CI: 1.20-6.71), having friends who use e-cigarettes (AOR=8.53; 95% CI: 3.41-21.37), attitudes toward e-cigarettes (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.61-5.95), perceived risk of e-cigarette use (AOR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.22-5.13), and perceived benefit of avoiding e-cigarette use (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.23-4.57).

Conclusions: The factors associated with the decision to use e-cigarettes were found to be directly related to the students themselves, as well as their friends, acquaintances, and partners. Therefore, universities should have a policy to prevent the use of e-cigarettes by focusing on the individual level with all students. Further, activities should be organized in groups, especially among friends and partners, with a focus on changing attitudes, providing accurate information, and increasing the perceptions of e-cigarette risks as well as the benefits of avoiding e-cigarette use.

Introduction: In China, health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs are text-only with two messages in rotation. We examined China's HWLs as they appear on packs, focusing on elements of design and branding that may undermine their effectiveness.

Methods: We used a systematic protocol to purchase 488 unique cigarette packs in 2023 from five major Chinese cities. The study sample consisted of the 471 packs that displayed the current HWLs mandated by China. A detailed codebook was developed to assess design elements in the HWL area (color/pattern schemes, text to background contrast, branding, etc.) and pack characteristics (brand family). Two trained coders who were native Chinese speakers independently double-coded the packs. We examined the prevalence of identified design elements and compared differences across brand families.

Results: Colors/patterns that appeared on the pack overlapped with the HWL area on almost all packs (90%). About one-quarter (27%) of packs featured branding directly below the HWLs; significant differences were observed across brand families (p<0.05). On 11% of packs, the HWL text lacked contrast against its background. Other concerning design elements included the use of multiple colors in HWL text and background, and split HWLs.

Conclusions: The prevalence of appealing branding and design elements that overlap the HWL on cigarette packs, potentially diminishes the effectiveness of HWLs and makes the Chinese HWLs less prominent compared to best practices. To enhance the effectiveness of HWLs and align with FCTC Article 11, China could implement stricter HWL regulations prohibiting branding within HWLs.

Introduction: Variations in smoking prevalence rates exist across different regions. While most research tends to study demographic, cultural or social determinants of smoking, few studies have looked into whether municipal-level variables are associated with smoking rates, especially among the younger population. We examined which municipal-level factors explain differences in youth smoking rates in the Netherlands.

Methods: We conducted linear regression analyses to examine municipal-level smoking behavior among the population aged 12-16 years. Main outcomes were the proportion of youth within municipalities that had ever smoked or weekly smoked in 2021, and trend differences in ever smoking and weekly smoking between 2015 and 2021. Independent variables were population density, level of urban density, proportion of people with a migration background, proportion of elderly residents, and proportion of adults with a low level of education. We examined municipalities' involvement in the Smoke-free Generation campaign, their tobacco control policies, the number of smoke-free outdoor areas implemented, and their self-assessed tobacco control scores.

Results: Dutch municipalities show great variation in smoking prevalence (2021: ever smoking 3.0-21.8% and weekly smoking 1.4-11.1%). Smoking has decreased in almost all municipalities in recent years; 108 of the 113 municipalities had a decrease in ever smoking, while 89 of the 100 municipalities showed a decrease in weekly smoking prevalence. Municipalities with a higher proportion of individuals with a migration background had lower ever (β= -0.08, p=0.021) and weekly (β= -0.06, p=0.013) youth smoking prevalence rates in 2021.

Conclusions: Considering that municipality-specific variables were not associated with levels of youth smoking prevalence, the question remains why some municipalities have much higher smoking rates than others, after having been exposed to the same national level tobacco control policy measures.

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers and explore the associations between specific maker genes, smoking initiation, and COPD.

Methods: We used Mendelian randomization (MR) with inverse variance weighting (IVW) to identify significant associations (p<0.05). Genetic instruments for smoking initiation (Genome-Wide Association Study [GWAS]: ieu-b-4877) and Out at First (OAF) (cis-expression Quantitative Trait Locus [eQTL] GWAS) were selected based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p<5×10^-8. COPD GWAS data served as the outcome. Two-sample MR analysis estimated causal effects of smoking initiation/OAF on COPD. Mediation analysis explored the role of 731 immune cell phenotypes in these associations.

Results: We identified OAF as a key genetic marker associated with COPD risk, with the eQTL analysis yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02-1.17, p=0.01). The IVW analysis for smoking initiation-COPD indicated an OR of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.69-2.11, p<0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that the immune cell phenotype CD14- CD16- absolute count (AC) (GCST90001581) accounted for 30.16% and 4.27% of the mediation in the OAF-COPD and smoking initiation-COPD associations, respectively.

Conclusions: The MR results suggest that OAF may be a genetic risk factor for COPD, with immune cell phenotypes, particularly CD14-CD16-AC, potentially playing a mediating role in COPD development. Smoking initiation is also positively correlated with COPD, playing an important role in its pathogenesis.

Introduction: Snus is currently the most used tobacco product in Norway. This study aims to identify the overall cessation interest among Norwegian snus users, the preferred quitting aids, and correlates of cessation interest.

Methods: Survey data were collected by the Norwegian Directorate of Health through a nationwide web panel, with respondents completing an online questionnaire. Three time points (two in 2018, one in 2019) were pooled, resulting in n=820 snus users. Descriptive statistics and adjusted multinomial logistic regression were applied to identify the extent of snus cessation behavior and factors associated with overall cessation interest.

Results: In all, 58.5% had attempted to quit snus, while 52.7% expressed current plans to quit. Of all snus users, 26.6% had never tried to quit and did not intend to quit in the future; 35.7% had either previously tried to quit but held no current quit plans, or they had never attempted to quit but were willing to try in the future. The remaining 37.7% had both tried to quit and intended to try again. Frequently preferred quitting aids were: quit on my own, mobile app, and nicotine-free snus. Higher interest in quitting was associated with younger age (AOR=0.94, p<0.001), living in western (AOR=2.27, p=0.019) or northern (AOR=2.60, p=0.022) Norway, perceiving snus use as hazardous to health (AOR=2.37, p<0.001), using snus daily (AOR=2.83, p<0.001), and non-smoking (AOR=0.53, p=0.033). Cessation behavior was not statistically associated with education level or income, after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions: The majority of snus users are interested in quitting, especially those who are young and worry about their own health. We found no evidence of a social gradient in cessation interest.

Introduction: Online education platforms offer promising solutions for tobacco control capacity building. This study evaluated an online tobacco control course's effectiveness on healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers and medical students (n=719) in a Chinese city, January 2023. Participants were categorized as course participants (n=387) or non-participants (n=332). The validated survey instrument (Cronbach's α=0.963) assessed tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions using 5-point Likert scales. Statistical analyses included t-tests, effect size, and multivariable regression.

Results: Course participants demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores across multiple domains compared to non-participants. Regarding specific tobacco harms, participants showed greater awareness that smoking causes stroke (4.21 ± 0.90 vs 3.86 ± 1.04, p<0.001, Cohen's d=0.37), heart disease (4.27 ± 0.85 vs 3.93 ± 1.03, p<0.001, d=0.36), and erectile dysfunction (4.05 ± 0.97 vs 3.72 ± 1.12, p<0.001, d=0.32). For secondhand smoke, participants better recognized risks of adult cardiovascular disease (4.26 ± 0.81 vs 4.04 ± 0.90, p=0.001, d=0.26) and pediatric respiratory illness (4.37 ± 0.73 vs 4.15 ± 0.83, p<0.001, d=0.28). Participants also showed more positive attitudes toward tobacco control policies and greater behavioral intentions for tobacco control advocacy. In multivariable analysis adjusting for demographics and smoking status, course participation remained significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (β=0.28; 95% CI: 0.18-0.38, p<0.001), more positive attitudes (β=0.22; 95% CI: 0.12-0.32, p<0.001), and stronger behavioral intentions (β=0.31; 95% CI: 0.19-0.43, p<0.001).

Conclusions: The online tobacco control course significantly improved participants' knowledge of tobacco harms and strengthened their support for tobacco control measures. These findings suggest that digital health education platforms may be valuable tools for tobacco control capacity building, though further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and assess long-term effectiveness.

Introduction: In recent years, alongside the Healthy China Initiative, extensive nationwide efforts have been undertaken to enhance the health literacy of the population. Health knowledge dissemination has emerged as a key approach within these efforts. This study focused on non-smokers aged 15-44 years in Jilin Province, China. It analyzed their patterns of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and their level of awareness regarding its risks.

Methods: The study selected non-smoking permanent residents aged 15-44 years from the 2020 Jilin Province Adult Tobacco Survey database as its subjects. Following the requirements of the China Adult Tobacco Survey Protocol, the project employed a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. This involved: selecting 10 surveillance sites from all of the province's districts or counties; choosing 3 sub-districts/townships within each surveillance site; selecting 2 neighborhood or village committees within each sub-district or township; and randomly sampling 120 households from each neighborhood or village committee. This resulted in a total sample of 7200 households province-wide. One resident aged ≥15 years was randomly selected from each household for a face-to-face in-home interview. The present analysis utilized eligible questionnaires from individuals within the target age group 15-44 years.

Results: The prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among surveyed non-smoking residents in Jilin Province was 59.16% (95% CI: 52.87-65.17). Awareness rates of specific SHS health risks were as follows: 76.16% (95% CI: 59.77-87.30) knew SHS causes lung cancer in adults; 61.95% (95% CI: 52.26-70.77) knew SHS causes lung diseases in children; and 49.21% (95% CI: 34.99- 63.56) knew SHS causes heart disease in adults. However, only 42.26% (95% CI: 32.60-52.56) were aware that SHS causes all three conditions (heart disease in adults, lung diseases in children, and lung cancer in adults). SHS exposure rates varied significantly by location: restaurants had the highest exposure rate (50.85%) , homes (37.72%), and public transport (5.01%).

Conclusions: SHS exposure prevalence among residents aged 15-44 years in Jilin Province remained high, while comprehensive awareness of its associated health risks was relatively low. A discrepancy existed between possessing knowledge about SHS harms and translating that knowledge into protective behaviors or reduced exposure. Intervention efforts should focus on priority venues, intensify the dissemination of core knowledge on tobacco hazards, implement targeted health promotion activities for key populations, and foster supportive smoke-free environments.

Introduction: Globally, sexual and gender minorities (SGM) exhibit significantly higher tobacco use rates than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts, a persistent health disparity that has garnered increasing attention in public health research.

Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 704 SGM tobacco use-related publications from the Web of Science Core Collection. First, we examined publication trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks. Second, we performed co-citation network analysis to identify disciplinary characteristics and research hotspots. Finally, we applied keyword burst detection and clustering techniques to assess emerging trends and frontier areas.

Results: From 1984 to 2024, research on SGM tobacco use demonstrated consistent growth. The US accounted for the majority of publications (82.52%), with institutions such as the University of California System serving as key hubs for research collaboration. Research hotspots clustered around five key themes: 1) the effects of novel tobacco products, 2) subgroup differences in tobacco use, 3) tobacco-related health disparities, 4) smoking cessation research, and 5) social and psychological mechanisms.

Conclusions: Using data mining and visualization techniques, this study constructed a comprehensive knowledge map of research on SGM tobacco use. Our findings elucidate evolving patterns and emerging trends while offering valuable perspectives to guide future investigations.