Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/13548166241233624
Fangfang Gu, Xiaohong Liu, Yaru Cao, Qunwei Wang
Haze pollution has caused huge losses to the tourism industry, but China’s Clean Air Act (CAA), implemented in 2013, provides an important opportunity for the tourism industry to recover. Using a difference-in-differences model and panel data across 275 prefecture-level cities, we investigate the effects of the CAA on their urban tourism economies. The results confirm significant positive effects of the CAA mainly through adjusting the urban industrial structures and stimulating technological innovation. However, there is significant heterogeneity of the policy effects. The CAA plays a greater role in promoting the tourism economies of small-scale cities and non-first-tier cities. In addition, domestic tourism is more affected than inbound tourism. Our findings verify the positive effects of China’s haze pollution governance and provide theoretical evidence for the cities to promote the high-quality development of their tourism economies.
{"title":"Does haze pollution governance promote the growth of urban tourism economies? Evidence from China’s Clean Air Act","authors":"Fangfang Gu, Xiaohong Liu, Yaru Cao, Qunwei Wang","doi":"10.1177/13548166241233624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241233624","url":null,"abstract":"Haze pollution has caused huge losses to the tourism industry, but China’s Clean Air Act (CAA), implemented in 2013, provides an important opportunity for the tourism industry to recover. Using a difference-in-differences model and panel data across 275 prefecture-level cities, we investigate the effects of the CAA on their urban tourism economies. The results confirm significant positive effects of the CAA mainly through adjusting the urban industrial structures and stimulating technological innovation. However, there is significant heterogeneity of the policy effects. The CAA plays a greater role in promoting the tourism economies of small-scale cities and non-first-tier cities. In addition, domestic tourism is more affected than inbound tourism. Our findings verify the positive effects of China’s haze pollution governance and provide theoretical evidence for the cities to promote the high-quality development of their tourism economies.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/13548166241232715
Gabriela Lelo de Larrea, Mehmet Altin, Emrah Koçak, F. Okumus
This study aims to assess lending discrimination in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the hospitality industry. PPP is one of the initiatives of the US government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support small businesses. While the US Congress aimed to target minority-owned and other businesses at a disadvantage, early research on the program found lending discrimination. This study contributes to this research stream by being the first to focus on the nationwide hospitality industry and consider all three funding rounds. Specifically, the study analyzed differences in approval amounts based on race and gender and found significant differences between White- and Black or African American-owned businesses and between male- and female-owned businesses, with the latter of these groups at a considerable disadvantage. The results of this study could guide policymakers in creating assistance programs with more stringent clauses to ensure the support gets to those most in need.
{"title":"Paycheck Protection Program and lending discrimination in the US hospitality industry","authors":"Gabriela Lelo de Larrea, Mehmet Altin, Emrah Koçak, F. Okumus","doi":"10.1177/13548166241232715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241232715","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess lending discrimination in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the hospitality industry. PPP is one of the initiatives of the US government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support small businesses. While the US Congress aimed to target minority-owned and other businesses at a disadvantage, early research on the program found lending discrimination. This study contributes to this research stream by being the first to focus on the nationwide hospitality industry and consider all three funding rounds. Specifically, the study analyzed differences in approval amounts based on race and gender and found significant differences between White- and Black or African American-owned businesses and between male- and female-owned businesses, with the latter of these groups at a considerable disadvantage. The results of this study could guide policymakers in creating assistance programs with more stringent clauses to ensure the support gets to those most in need.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/13548166241232715
Gabriela Lelo de Larrea, Mehmet Altin, Emrah Koçak, F. Okumus
This study aims to assess lending discrimination in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the hospitality industry. PPP is one of the initiatives of the US government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support small businesses. While the US Congress aimed to target minority-owned and other businesses at a disadvantage, early research on the program found lending discrimination. This study contributes to this research stream by being the first to focus on the nationwide hospitality industry and consider all three funding rounds. Specifically, the study analyzed differences in approval amounts based on race and gender and found significant differences between White- and Black or African American-owned businesses and between male- and female-owned businesses, with the latter of these groups at a considerable disadvantage. The results of this study could guide policymakers in creating assistance programs with more stringent clauses to ensure the support gets to those most in need.
{"title":"Paycheck Protection Program and lending discrimination in the US hospitality industry","authors":"Gabriela Lelo de Larrea, Mehmet Altin, Emrah Koçak, F. Okumus","doi":"10.1177/13548166241232715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241232715","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess lending discrimination in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in the hospitality industry. PPP is one of the initiatives of the US government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support small businesses. While the US Congress aimed to target minority-owned and other businesses at a disadvantage, early research on the program found lending discrimination. This study contributes to this research stream by being the first to focus on the nationwide hospitality industry and consider all three funding rounds. Specifically, the study analyzed differences in approval amounts based on race and gender and found significant differences between White- and Black or African American-owned businesses and between male- and female-owned businesses, with the latter of these groups at a considerable disadvantage. The results of this study could guide policymakers in creating assistance programs with more stringent clauses to ensure the support gets to those most in need.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1177/13548166241228879
Sujin Song, Sungbeen Park, Seoki Lee
This study examines how characteristics of top executives moderate the effect of internationalization on hospitality firms’ performance. Using US publicly-traded hospitality firms, this study conducts hierarchical linear modeling to investigate how executives’ functional background and operating ability influence the relationship between internationalization and financial outcomes. Findings of this study indicate that the functional background and operating ability of top executives significantly affect internationalization’s impact on firm performance. This study also reveals different measurements of internationalization and a firm’s financial performance matter for the relationship of interest. Considering the lack of research on the moderating effects of hospitality executives’ characteristics and how they connect to internationalization and firm performance, this study bridges this gap in the literature.
{"title":"What skills do hospitality executives need for better financial outcomes from internationalization?","authors":"Sujin Song, Sungbeen Park, Seoki Lee","doi":"10.1177/13548166241228879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241228879","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how characteristics of top executives moderate the effect of internationalization on hospitality firms’ performance. Using US publicly-traded hospitality firms, this study conducts hierarchical linear modeling to investigate how executives’ functional background and operating ability influence the relationship between internationalization and financial outcomes. Findings of this study indicate that the functional background and operating ability of top executives significantly affect internationalization’s impact on firm performance. This study also reveals different measurements of internationalization and a firm’s financial performance matter for the relationship of interest. Considering the lack of research on the moderating effects of hospitality executives’ characteristics and how they connect to internationalization and firm performance, this study bridges this gap in the literature.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1177/13548166241227463
Roberto Cellini, Tiziana Cuccia
This Note examines the effectiveness of a regional policy centered around offering discounted vouchers to tourists. It specifically studies the case of Sicily, which, unlike other Italian regions, implemented this policy between 2021 and 2023 in response to the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock. Difference-in-differences estimates reveal that this intervention has failed to significantly affect tourism.
{"title":"Economic incentives for tourists: Evaluating a regional policy measure","authors":"Roberto Cellini, Tiziana Cuccia","doi":"10.1177/13548166241227463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166241227463","url":null,"abstract":"This Note examines the effectiveness of a regional policy centered around offering discounted vouchers to tourists. It specifically studies the case of Sicily, which, unlike other Italian regions, implemented this policy between 2021 and 2023 in response to the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock. Difference-in-differences estimates reveal that this intervention has failed to significantly affect tourism.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1177/13548166231224578
Yanzhao Li, Ju-e Guo, Wenjun Zhu
Domestic tourism demand has dominated the global tourism market and has been more resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic; yet, it is under-studied compared to international tourism demand. Digital financial inclusion (DFI) enables the provision of formal financial products and services to small and medium-sized tourism enterprises and tourists through cost-effective digital means, potentially boosting domestic tourism demand. Integrating micro- and macro-level data from 335 prefecture-level regions in China, we investigate the impact of DFI on domestic tourism demand using spatial panel models. Our analysis reveals significant and positive effects, both direct and spillover, of DFI on domestic tourism demand within a region and across regions. Notably, among the three dimensions of DFI, the usage depth exhibits the most substantial spillover effects. Furthermore, our findings also highlight the crucial role of DFI in internalizing domestic tourism revenues. Our study provides practical implications for sustainable domestic tourism development in the digital era.
{"title":"Digital financial inclusion and domestic tourism demand: Through the lens of spatial spillover","authors":"Yanzhao Li, Ju-e Guo, Wenjun Zhu","doi":"10.1177/13548166231224578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231224578","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic tourism demand has dominated the global tourism market and has been more resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic; yet, it is under-studied compared to international tourism demand. Digital financial inclusion (DFI) enables the provision of formal financial products and services to small and medium-sized tourism enterprises and tourists through cost-effective digital means, potentially boosting domestic tourism demand. Integrating micro- and macro-level data from 335 prefecture-level regions in China, we investigate the impact of DFI on domestic tourism demand using spatial panel models. Our analysis reveals significant and positive effects, both direct and spillover, of DFI on domestic tourism demand within a region and across regions. Notably, among the three dimensions of DFI, the usage depth exhibits the most substantial spillover effects. Furthermore, our findings also highlight the crucial role of DFI in internalizing domestic tourism revenues. Our study provides practical implications for sustainable domestic tourism development in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/13548166231224561
Lei Zhang, Jing Gao
We examine the influence of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on corporate cash holding decisions of U.S. tourism and hospitality firms. We find that CPU is negatively associated with corporate cash holdings for tourism and hospitality firms in the United States. A further analysis indicates that the impact of CPU on cash holdings lasts 2 years and disappears afterward. We also show that CPU is negatively associated with corporate cash holdings for hotel firms, but its impacts on airline, restaurant, and casino firms are insignificant. Results from cross-sectional analyses show that financial constraints and climate risk exposure moderate the relationship between CPU and corporate cash holdings. Our main findings are insensitive to additional robustness tests, including an instrumental variable test and subsample analyses. Our results have timely implications for academics, investors, and regulators.
{"title":"Does climate policy uncertainty influence corporate cash holdings? Evidence from the U.S. tourism and hospitality sector","authors":"Lei Zhang, Jing Gao","doi":"10.1177/13548166231224561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231224561","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the influence of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on corporate cash holding decisions of U.S. tourism and hospitality firms. We find that CPU is negatively associated with corporate cash holdings for tourism and hospitality firms in the United States. A further analysis indicates that the impact of CPU on cash holdings lasts 2 years and disappears afterward. We also show that CPU is negatively associated with corporate cash holdings for hotel firms, but its impacts on airline, restaurant, and casino firms are insignificant. Results from cross-sectional analyses show that financial constraints and climate risk exposure moderate the relationship between CPU and corporate cash holdings. Our main findings are insensitive to additional robustness tests, including an instrumental variable test and subsample analyses. Our results have timely implications for academics, investors, and regulators.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1177/13548166231224012
F. Baidoo, Lei Pan, V. Fiador, E. Agbloyor
The expansion of inbound tourism among global islands, amidst relatively inadequate supporting tradable goods, potentially triggers high merchandise imports, resulting in an indeterminate impact on economic growth. Employing fixed and random effects estimation techniques on five-year-non-overlapping-averaged data, covering 1980 through 2019, this study, firstly, investigates the potential bi-causal relationship between inbound tourism and merchandise imports, in the case of 45 sovereign islands. The economic growth implication of a concurrent pursuit of tourism expansion and merchandise imports is also examined. The study further investigates how over-reliance on imported merchandise to feed international tourists, and over-specialisation in the tourism sector, affect the tourism-led-growth hypothesis in the case of these islands. Results from the study show that an increase in inbound tourism significantly leads to an increase in merchandise imports, and vice versa. Also, importing merchandises to sustain inbound tourism is significantly observed not to be detrimental to economic growth. However, results further reveal that over-reliance on imported merchandises to sustain inbound tourism, as well as over-specialisation in tourism with the help of imported merchandises, both exert significant detrimental net effects on economic growth. The findings hold policy guidelines for the pursuit of tourism-led and merchandise-import-led growth strategies among global islands.
{"title":"Importing to feed international tourists: Growth implications for islands across the globe","authors":"F. Baidoo, Lei Pan, V. Fiador, E. Agbloyor","doi":"10.1177/13548166231224012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231224012","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of inbound tourism among global islands, amidst relatively inadequate supporting tradable goods, potentially triggers high merchandise imports, resulting in an indeterminate impact on economic growth. Employing fixed and random effects estimation techniques on five-year-non-overlapping-averaged data, covering 1980 through 2019, this study, firstly, investigates the potential bi-causal relationship between inbound tourism and merchandise imports, in the case of 45 sovereign islands. The economic growth implication of a concurrent pursuit of tourism expansion and merchandise imports is also examined. The study further investigates how over-reliance on imported merchandise to feed international tourists, and over-specialisation in the tourism sector, affect the tourism-led-growth hypothesis in the case of these islands. Results from the study show that an increase in inbound tourism significantly leads to an increase in merchandise imports, and vice versa. Also, importing merchandises to sustain inbound tourism is significantly observed not to be detrimental to economic growth. However, results further reveal that over-reliance on imported merchandises to sustain inbound tourism, as well as over-specialisation in tourism with the help of imported merchandises, both exert significant detrimental net effects on economic growth. The findings hold policy guidelines for the pursuit of tourism-led and merchandise-import-led growth strategies among global islands.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1177/13548166231222668
José Luis Durán-Román, Julio Vena-Oya, J. M. Núñez-Tabales, Francisco José Rey-Carmona
Policy makers and tourism investors have a limited vision of how a certain level of tourism development is possible depending on country-specific conditions such as incomes and competitiveness factors. In this context, the aim of this research is to identify different strategies or solutions, based on different drivers of tourism competitiveness, that lead to tourism development in countries with different levels of per capita income. To this end, the Travel & Tourism Development Index will be used to answer the research questions raised. This paper proposes the use of an alternative methodology such as fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). As a result, a total of eight different strategies which lead to tourism development have been identified for the different categories considered, identifying the key drivers to achieve such development for the different economies.
{"title":"How to achieve economic development through tourism? Different ways for different economies: A new approach through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis","authors":"José Luis Durán-Román, Julio Vena-Oya, J. M. Núñez-Tabales, Francisco José Rey-Carmona","doi":"10.1177/13548166231222668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231222668","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers and tourism investors have a limited vision of how a certain level of tourism development is possible depending on country-specific conditions such as incomes and competitiveness factors. In this context, the aim of this research is to identify different strategies or solutions, based on different drivers of tourism competitiveness, that lead to tourism development in countries with different levels of per capita income. To this end, the Travel & Tourism Development Index will be used to answer the research questions raised. This paper proposes the use of an alternative methodology such as fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). As a result, a total of eight different strategies which lead to tourism development have been identified for the different categories considered, identifying the key drivers to achieve such development for the different economies.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1177/13548166231221849
Lijun Ma, Cong Liu, Yong Zhan
To investigate the impact of smart city construction (SCC) on destination tourism efficiency (TE), this study analyzed the impact paths and mechanisms of SCC on destination TE from 3 aspects: technological innovation, informatization, and industrial structure upgrading. Based on panel data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2004–2019, we combined a stochastic frontier analysis model with a difference-in-differences model to conduct an empirical analysis to assess the policy effects of SCC on destination TE and validate the impact paths and mechanisms. The results show that the tourism of 153 sample cities show a low TE level overall, an increasing trend year by year, a distribution pattern of high in the east, and low in the middle and west. SCC can significantly improve destination TE, and the impact of SCC on destination TE has spatially heterogeneous.
{"title":"How smart city construction affects destination tourism efficiency","authors":"Lijun Ma, Cong Liu, Yong Zhan","doi":"10.1177/13548166231221849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231221849","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the impact of smart city construction (SCC) on destination tourism efficiency (TE), this study analyzed the impact paths and mechanisms of SCC on destination TE from 3 aspects: technological innovation, informatization, and industrial structure upgrading. Based on panel data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2004–2019, we combined a stochastic frontier analysis model with a difference-in-differences model to conduct an empirical analysis to assess the policy effects of SCC on destination TE and validate the impact paths and mechanisms. The results show that the tourism of 153 sample cities show a low TE level overall, an increasing trend year by year, a distribution pattern of high in the east, and low in the middle and west. SCC can significantly improve destination TE, and the impact of SCC on destination TE has spatially heterogeneous.","PeriodicalId":23204,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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