Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30946
V. Mishra, A. Yadav, Amar Deep Soren
Beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, biochanin A and ursolic acid are known to possess anthelmintic properties. This study was undertaken to assess the genotoxic potentials of these phytocompounds in albino rats. Animals were orally administered with 1 and 10 mg/ml of the above phyto-compounds for a period of 14 days. All the animals were subjected to mitotic arrest before sacrifice and then bone marrow cells were collected from both the femurs and processed to observe the chromosomal aberrations. The results revealed that ursolic acid induced the maximum number of statistically significant abnormalities (p ≤ 0.05) followed by betulinic acid and biochanin A. Beta-sitosterol was found to be the safest of all the tested phytocompounds as far as chromosomal abnormalities in short term oral studies are concerned as it did not lead to major changes at genomic level. Although these phyto-compounds are considered potential anthelmintics, their long-term use may cause genotoxic effects to the users.
{"title":"Genotoxicity of Beta-Sitosterol, Betulinic Acid, Biochanin A, and Ursolic Acid, Potential Anthelmintic Phyto-Compounds","authors":"V. Mishra, A. Yadav, Amar Deep Soren","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30946","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, biochanin A and ursolic acid are known to possess anthelmintic properties. This study was undertaken to assess the genotoxic potentials of these phytocompounds in albino rats. Animals were orally administered with 1 and 10 mg/ml of the above phyto-compounds for a period of 14 days. All the animals were subjected to mitotic arrest before sacrifice and then bone marrow cells were collected from both the femurs and processed to observe the chromosomal aberrations. The results revealed that ursolic acid induced the maximum number of statistically significant abnormalities (p ≤ 0.05) followed by betulinic acid and biochanin A. Beta-sitosterol was found to be the safest of all the tested phytocompounds as far as chromosomal abnormalities in short term oral studies are concerned as it did not lead to major changes at genomic level. Although these phyto-compounds are considered potential anthelmintics, their long-term use may cause genotoxic effects to the users.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44114728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30768
Sk Injamamul Islam, M. N. Singh, C. Sonia, Md Akib Ferdous, Nasim Habib, Saloa Sanjida, Md Jamadul Islam, N. Islam, M. Hamad
The Labeo rohita (Rohu) Toll interacting protein (Tollip) is ubiquitously expressed in the kidneys, gills, spleen, liver, and blood. Tollip in L. rohita has higher eukaryotic structural features and is produced in response to bacterial infections. Several bacterial diseases, such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio spp, have been reported in the internal organs of L. rohita. The consequences of these bacterial infections can be 100% mortality of fish. There are currently no medicines or vaccines available to prevent or treat infections caused by the involvement of this protein. During bacterial infections, it was discovered that Tollip plays an essential function as a negative regulator of the MyD88-dependent TLR signalling pathway. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potentiality of the Allium sativum compound against Tollip. A. sativum has been reported to show potential antibacterial activity against numerous microbial pathogens. Still, activity against the Tollip-promoted pathogens has not yet been reported. In silico virtual screen and molecular docking methods were used in this study to calculate the binding affinity of 48 drug compounds of A. sativum against the receptor Tollip. The docking and normal mode analysis methods predict 2 (PubChem CID: 122130381 and CID 12303662) inhibitory compounds that bind strongly with the Tollip with a binding affinity of -9.2 and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The ADMET properties of the compounds also verified the drug resemblance features of the two compounds of A. sativum. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of these two potential inhibitors, more in-vitro testing is required.
{"title":"Ligand-based Virtual Screening, Quantum Mechanics Calculations, and Normal Mode Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds Targeting Toll‐Interacting Protein (Tollip) Against Bacterial Diseases","authors":"Sk Injamamul Islam, M. N. Singh, C. Sonia, Md Akib Ferdous, Nasim Habib, Saloa Sanjida, Md Jamadul Islam, N. Islam, M. Hamad","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/30768","url":null,"abstract":"The Labeo rohita (Rohu) Toll interacting protein (Tollip) is ubiquitously expressed in the kidneys, gills, spleen, liver, and blood. Tollip in L. rohita has higher eukaryotic structural features and is produced in response to bacterial infections. Several bacterial diseases, such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio spp, have been reported in the internal organs of L. rohita. The consequences of these bacterial infections can be 100% mortality of fish. There are currently no medicines or vaccines available to prevent or treat infections caused by the involvement of this protein. During bacterial infections, it was discovered that Tollip plays an essential function as a negative regulator of the MyD88-dependent TLR signalling pathway. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potentiality of the Allium sativum compound against Tollip. A. sativum has been reported to show potential antibacterial activity against numerous microbial pathogens. Still, activity against the Tollip-promoted pathogens has not yet been reported. In silico virtual screen and molecular docking methods were used in this study to calculate the binding affinity of 48 drug compounds of A. sativum against the receptor Tollip. The docking and normal mode analysis methods predict 2 (PubChem CID: 122130381 and CID 12303662) inhibitory compounds that bind strongly with the Tollip with a binding affinity of -9.2 and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The ADMET properties of the compounds also verified the drug resemblance features of the two compounds of A. sativum. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of these two potential inhibitors, more in-vitro testing is required.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43360658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31322
Amar Deep Soren, A. Yadav
Medicinal plants possess several metals obtained naturally or through pollution. The study evaluates the genotoxic potentials and the presence of essential elements and toxic metals in Sesbania sesban var. bicolor (leaves), Cyperus compressus (roots), and Asparagus racemosus (roots), which are used as anthelmintics in the traditional medicine of the Santhals in India. A genotoxicity study was performed in rats as per Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Element contents were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Administration of S. sesban var. bicolor (400 mg/kg), C. compressus (700 mg/kg) and A. racemosus (500 mg/kg) did not cause any abnormalities in the chromosomes. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of lead (5.00±0.05, 4.98±0.01, 4.99±0.07 ppm), cadmium (4.99±0.04, 4.90±0.03, 5.00±0.08 ppm) and arsenic (0.98±0.03, 0.41±0.05, 0.92±0.03 ppm), respectively. Although their genotoxic potential was lacking, the presence of toxic metals in them is a cause for concern.
{"title":"Genotoxicity Assessment and Toxic Metal Contamination of Traditionally used Anthelmintic Medicinal Plants in Assam, India","authors":"Amar Deep Soren, A. Yadav","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31322","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants possess several metals obtained naturally or through pollution. The study evaluates the genotoxic potentials and the presence of essential elements and toxic metals in Sesbania sesban var. bicolor (leaves), Cyperus compressus (roots), and Asparagus racemosus (roots), which are used as anthelmintics in the traditional medicine of the Santhals in India. A genotoxicity study was performed in rats as per Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Element contents were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Administration of S. sesban var. bicolor (400 mg/kg), C. compressus (700 mg/kg) and A. racemosus (500 mg/kg) did not cause any abnormalities in the chromosomes. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of lead (5.00±0.05, 4.98±0.01, 4.99±0.07 ppm), cadmium (4.99±0.04, 4.90±0.03, 5.00±0.08 ppm) and arsenic (0.98±0.03, 0.41±0.05, 0.92±0.03 ppm), respectively. Although their genotoxic potential was lacking, the presence of toxic metals in them is a cause for concern.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31835
L. Shahani, H. Gupta, Radhika Chauhan
Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with moderate mammalian toxicity. It affects the central nervous system and is used for the control of flies and ticks in barns and stables. Exposure of this insecticide to humans occurs in the field. The present study was conducted to observe the toxicity of insecticide on biochemical and blood parameters after treatment with fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid and find out the possible protective role of Quinoa seeds in Swiss albino mice. The mice in this study were divided into 5 groups, and 6 animals were taken into each group. Group A control mice received vehicle distilled water only. Group B and C were administered with fenvalerate at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight respectively for 30 days. Group D was administered 12.5 mg/kg fenvalerate +25 mg/kg Quinoa seeds and Group E received 25 mg/kg fenvalerate +50 mg/kg Quinoa seeds. Fenvalerate treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT). Administration of Quinoa seeds along with fenvalerate resulted in a decrease in these biochemical values. A significant increase in the number of RBC, WBC and haemoglobin was observed in the fenvalerate-treated groups. The result suggests a possible protective role of Quinoa seeds on fenvalerate toxicity.
{"title":"Effect of Fenvalerate Toxicity on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters and Ameliorative Effect of Quinoa Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"L. Shahani, H. Gupta, Radhika Chauhan","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31835","url":null,"abstract":"Fenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with moderate mammalian toxicity. It affects the central nervous system and is used for the control of flies and ticks in barns and stables. Exposure of this insecticide to humans occurs in the field. The present study was conducted to observe the toxicity of insecticide on biochemical and blood parameters after treatment with fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid and find out the possible protective role of Quinoa seeds in Swiss albino mice. The mice in this study were divided into 5 groups, and 6 animals were taken into each group. Group A control mice received vehicle distilled water only. Group B and C were administered with fenvalerate at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight respectively for 30 days. Group D was administered 12.5 mg/kg fenvalerate +25 mg/kg Quinoa seeds and Group E received 25 mg/kg fenvalerate +50 mg/kg Quinoa seeds. Fenvalerate treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT). Administration of Quinoa seeds along with fenvalerate resulted in a decrease in these biochemical values. A significant increase in the number of RBC, WBC and haemoglobin was observed in the fenvalerate-treated groups. The result suggests a possible protective role of Quinoa seeds on fenvalerate toxicity.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47796094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31316
Omkar Tambekar, Purushottam Shiranal, A. Muthal, Vaibhav Mukund Shinde, Ravindra G. Kulkarni, Savitri Vasudev Baikampady, S. Bodhankar
The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extract of fruits of Z. jujuba has been prepared. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Vehicle control was Group 1. Doxorubicin 5 mg/kg i.p. was administered to Group 2 animals on the 7th and 14th day. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were dosed with ethanolic extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. while groups 5 and 6 received aqueous extracts of 200 and 400mg/kg i.p. Animals from group 7 were given nebivolol 5 mg/kg p.o. All the animals were treated for 28 days. Doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to group 2 to group 7 on day 7th and day 14th. Body weight, ECG, blood pressure, CK-MB, Cardiac troponin-I and LDH were the study parameters. The histology of the heart was performed at the end of the study. Doxorubicin showed cardiotoxicity manifested by changes in serum marker enzymes, ECG and hemodynamic parameters which were further confirmed by histology of the heart. These changes induced by doxorubicin were attenuated by treatment with extracts of the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. It is concluded that aqueous extract of the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. (400 mg/kg p.o.) treatment for 28 days protects the heart of rats in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity.
{"title":"Attenuation of Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats by Extracts of Fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Lam","authors":"Omkar Tambekar, Purushottam Shiranal, A. Muthal, Vaibhav Mukund Shinde, Ravindra G. Kulkarni, Savitri Vasudev Baikampady, S. Bodhankar","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/31316","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. The ethanolic and aqueous extract of fruits of Z. jujuba has been prepared. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Vehicle control was Group 1. Doxorubicin 5 mg/kg i.p. was administered to Group 2 animals on the 7th and 14th day. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were dosed with ethanolic extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. while groups 5 and 6 received aqueous extracts of 200 and 400mg/kg i.p. Animals from group 7 were given nebivolol 5 mg/kg p.o. All the animals were treated for 28 days. Doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to group 2 to group 7 on day 7th and day 14th. Body weight, ECG, blood pressure, CK-MB, Cardiac troponin-I and LDH were the study parameters. The histology of the heart was performed at the end of the study. Doxorubicin showed cardiotoxicity manifested by changes in serum marker enzymes, ECG and hemodynamic parameters which were further confirmed by histology of the heart. These changes induced by doxorubicin were attenuated by treatment with extracts of the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. It is concluded that aqueous extract of the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Lam. (400 mg/kg p.o.) treatment for 28 days protects the heart of rats in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32375
Arjun H M, V. Shinde, Suhrith Bhattaram, Z. Shaikh
Snakebite is an acute, life-threatening condition which is most commonly faced by the rural population of tropical countries. About 1.2 million deaths related to snake bites are reported from the Indian subcontinent adding a major part to the global burden towards snake bite mortality. Maharashtra reported the highest number of snake bite cases in the year 2019. A retrospective study was carried out at the emergency department from April 1st, 2020 to June 30th, 2021. Data regarding demographic factors, clinical features, complications, details of treatment received and outcomes of the snake bite victims were recorded. A total of 103 patients with snake bites were admitted, 71.84% were males, and the mean age group was 31.68 years. 26% of the cases were reported during the month of June, and 68% of the bites were reported between 12:00 pm to 12:00 am. 62.14% had bites over their lower limbs, and 31.07% of them were farmers. 47.57% had local pain. 59.22% were dry bites out of which 17.47% received an incomplete dose of Antisnakevenom (ASV) from referring hospitals. 17.47% manifested with neurological symptoms. Our study suggested that farmers, children, women and labourers are the most vulnerable groups affected. There is still a lack of knowledge among healthcare workers regarding the use of ASV.
{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Snake Bite Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Arjun H M, V. Shinde, Suhrith Bhattaram, Z. Shaikh","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32375","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite is an acute, life-threatening condition which is most commonly faced by the rural population of tropical countries. About 1.2 million deaths related to snake bites are reported from the Indian subcontinent adding a major part to the global burden towards snake bite mortality. Maharashtra reported the highest number of snake bite cases in the year 2019. A retrospective study was carried out at the emergency department from April 1st, 2020 to June 30th, 2021. Data regarding demographic factors, clinical features, complications, details of treatment received and outcomes of the snake bite victims were recorded. A total of 103 patients with snake bites were admitted, 71.84% were males, and the mean age group was 31.68 years. 26% of the cases were reported during the month of June, and 68% of the bites were reported between 12:00 pm to 12:00 am. 62.14% had bites over their lower limbs, and 31.07% of them were farmers. 47.57% had local pain. 59.22% were dry bites out of which 17.47% received an incomplete dose of Antisnakevenom (ASV) from referring hospitals. 17.47% manifested with neurological symptoms. Our study suggested that farmers, children, women and labourers are the most vulnerable groups affected. There is still a lack of knowledge among healthcare workers regarding the use of ASV.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44005368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/33205
Anilkumar Yarragopu, C. V, K. R. Kumar
Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance that has been shown to have various effects on cellular processes, including cell growth and survival. In this study, we investigated the potential of Caffeine to enhance the cytotoxic effects of two commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin, on B16F10 cells. We evaluated the cytotoxicity, calculated the IC50 and combination index of the medications, estimated the cell cycle of the cells, and evaluated the apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes through gene expression analysis. Our results demonstrated that Caffeine significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of both doxorubicin and oxaliplatin, resulting in a more significant reduction in cell viability compared to treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents alone. Additionally, Caffeine also enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents, leading to increased levels of apoptosis in the B16F10 cells. The combination of doxorubicin and oxaliplatin with Caffeine was found to be synergistic. These findings suggest that caffeine may have the potential to improve the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimens and may offer a novel approach to enhance cancer treatment.
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Caffeine in B16f10 Cells in Combination with Doxorubicin and Oxaliplatin","authors":"Anilkumar Yarragopu, C. V, K. R. Kumar","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/33205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/33205","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance that has been shown to have various effects on cellular processes, including cell growth and survival. In this study, we investigated the potential of Caffeine to enhance the cytotoxic effects of two commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin, on B16F10 cells. We evaluated the cytotoxicity, calculated the IC50 and combination index of the medications, estimated the cell cycle of the cells, and evaluated the apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes through gene expression analysis. Our results demonstrated that Caffeine significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of both doxorubicin and oxaliplatin, resulting in a more significant reduction in cell viability compared to treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents alone. Additionally, Caffeine also enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents, leading to increased levels of apoptosis in the B16F10 cells. The combination of doxorubicin and oxaliplatin with Caffeine was found to be synergistic. These findings suggest that caffeine may have the potential to improve the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimens and may offer a novel approach to enhance cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47707876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/26258
N. Bandaru, A. Rao, Yasho Deepika, Alekhya Ketha, Daveedu Thathipudi, N. Sri Laxmi
The Fraction from Methanolic extract whole plant of Biophytum reinwardtii (HEMBR) is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. Rats were treated with a standardized dose of Dexamethasone for 14 days and the effect of HEMBR at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. on plasma blood glucose level, serum triglyceride level, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD and catalase), and body weight were observed. HEMBR showed a significant decrease in plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. and also stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, GSH, SOD, and catalase were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Hence it can be concluded that Biophytum reinwardtii may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance.
{"title":"Effect of Isolated Fraction from Biophytum reinwardtii on Dexamethasone Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats","authors":"N. Bandaru, A. Rao, Yasho Deepika, Alekhya Ketha, Daveedu Thathipudi, N. Sri Laxmi","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/26258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/26258","url":null,"abstract":"The Fraction from Methanolic extract whole plant of Biophytum reinwardtii (HEMBR) is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. Rats were treated with a standardized dose of Dexamethasone for 14 days and the effect of HEMBR at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. on plasma blood glucose level, serum triglyceride level, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD and catalase), and body weight were observed. HEMBR showed a significant decrease in plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. and also stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, GSH, SOD, and catalase were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Hence it can be concluded that Biophytum reinwardtii may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/31254
M. Tripathi, N. Pathak, V. Chaudhary, Pankaj Singh, Pradeep Kumar Singh, B. Thirumalesh, S. Bala, Avnish Kumar Maurya, Naveen Patel, B. Yadav
In the recent past, one of the main environmental issues is the contamination of textile dye wastes. The toxicity of dyes poses adverse effects on the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. The present study aimed to isolate bacteria that decolourize crystal violet dye, optimization of various environmental factors for effective decolourization, and phytotoxicity analysis. Out of 13 isolated bacteria, a single isolate was able to grow at 250 mg/L crystal violet dye concentration in a synthetic medium and identified as Aeromonas caviae MT-1 strain (accession number; LC720408) using morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. Presumably, this is the first report of crystal violet dye decolourization by a native Aeromonas caviae isolate. In this study, after a 72-hour incubation period, a maximum of 98.0% dye decolourization was observed at neutral pH and 35°C with 5% v/v bacterial culture under static culture conditions. Dye decolourization was inhibited to a significant degree by the rising of its concentration. UV-Vis spectra analysis of samples before and after decolourization showed the possible degradation of crystal violet dye by A. caviae. The strain MT-1 was also tolerant to toxic heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and chromium. Phytotoxicity tests revealed that decolourized dye products inhibited Vigna radiata growth less than the un-decolourized dye solution. The findings revealed that a native multi-metal tolerant A. caviae MT-1 isolate could decolourize crystal violet dye rapidly, and possibly have the ability for extensive treatment of dyecontaminated waste.
{"title":"Microbial Decolorization of Crystal Violet Dye by a Native Multi-Metal Tolerant Aeromonas caviae MT-1 Isolate from Dye-Contaminated Soil: Optimization and Phytotoxicity Study","authors":"M. Tripathi, N. Pathak, V. Chaudhary, Pankaj Singh, Pradeep Kumar Singh, B. Thirumalesh, S. Bala, Avnish Kumar Maurya, Naveen Patel, B. Yadav","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/31254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/31254","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, one of the main environmental issues is the contamination of textile dye wastes. The toxicity of dyes poses adverse effects on the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. The present study aimed to isolate bacteria that decolourize crystal violet dye, optimization of various environmental factors for effective decolourization, and phytotoxicity analysis. Out of 13 isolated bacteria, a single isolate was able to grow at 250 mg/L crystal violet dye concentration in a synthetic medium and identified as Aeromonas caviae MT-1 strain (accession number; LC720408) using morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. Presumably, this is the first report of crystal violet dye decolourization by a native Aeromonas caviae isolate. In this study, after a 72-hour incubation period, a maximum of 98.0% dye decolourization was observed at neutral pH and 35°C with 5% v/v bacterial culture under static culture conditions. Dye decolourization was inhibited to a significant degree by the rising of its concentration. UV-Vis spectra analysis of samples before and after decolourization showed the possible degradation of crystal violet dye by A. caviae. The strain MT-1 was also tolerant to toxic heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and chromium. Phytotoxicity tests revealed that decolourized dye products inhibited Vigna radiata growth less than the un-decolourized dye solution. The findings revealed that a native multi-metal tolerant A. caviae MT-1 isolate could decolourize crystal violet dye rapidly, and possibly have the ability for extensive treatment of dyecontaminated waste.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/29016
A. Tyopine, A. Ekwe, O. V. Omonona, G. Azuoko, E. O. Oji, Ndubuisi Igwebuike, C. Emeruwa, Ayomide Blessing Olusegun, J. O. Osakwe, Onyeije Ugomma Chibuzo
The study conducted in the dry and rainy seasons of 2019 assessed the levels of metals in groundwater sampled from boreholes and dug wells in Ikwo, southeastern Nigeria. Nine water samples were analysed for calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and aluminium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analysis showed higher metal concentrations in the rainy season, except for manganese whose concentrations were higher in the dry season. The levels of the metals exceeded permissible limits in both seasons except for calcium. The metal indices were not greater than 2, while all degrees of contamination was less than 1. This collaborative classification of both metal index and degrees of contamination suggests that the water samples were safe to drink. The health risks assessed by Hazard Indices (HI) were classified into low and medium (≥ 0.1 to < 4) levels of chronic risks. The HI values were evaluated for both children and adults. The HI values were predominantly medium for children and low for adults. All indices for water quality evaluation agree that groundwater in the study area is of minimal contamination hence, no immediate threat to health. Therefore to ensure quality water supply, sustainable monitoring of water quality is recommended in the study area.
{"title":"Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Using Metal Index, Degree of Contamination and Hazard Indices on Ground Water Sources in an Agricultural Tropical Environment","authors":"A. Tyopine, A. Ekwe, O. V. Omonona, G. Azuoko, E. O. Oji, Ndubuisi Igwebuike, C. Emeruwa, Ayomide Blessing Olusegun, J. O. Osakwe, Onyeije Ugomma Chibuzo","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/29016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i1/29016","url":null,"abstract":"The study conducted in the dry and rainy seasons of 2019 assessed the levels of metals in groundwater sampled from boreholes and dug wells in Ikwo, southeastern Nigeria. Nine water samples were analysed for calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and aluminium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analysis showed higher metal concentrations in the rainy season, except for manganese whose concentrations were higher in the dry season. The levels of the metals exceeded permissible limits in both seasons except for calcium. The metal indices were not greater than 2, while all degrees of contamination was less than 1. This collaborative classification of both metal index and degrees of contamination suggests that the water samples were safe to drink. The health risks assessed by Hazard Indices (HI) were classified into low and medium (≥ 0.1 to < 4) levels of chronic risks. The HI values were evaluated for both children and adults. The HI values were predominantly medium for children and low for adults. All indices for water quality evaluation agree that groundwater in the study area is of minimal contamination hence, no immediate threat to health. Therefore to ensure quality water supply, sustainable monitoring of water quality is recommended in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41519519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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