Several works are interested in studying the undesirable therapeutic effects of medicinal plants, which must be used with great caution because they can be toxic. Under this objective falls our work, which consists in studying the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory action in vivo of the Essential Oil (EO) of the aerial part (seed) of Ferula sulcata Desf. harvested from the region of Setif in western Algeria. Two doses were applied by oral gavage (2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight). After administration of the oil, the mice were continuously monitored for 14 days. The results obtained showed that there was no mortality or morbidity whereas the animals showed toxic effects e.g., behavioral and morphological changes. On the other hand, a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight was observed. In addition, an important increase was recorded in the relative organ weights compared to the controls, whereas the liver was significantly increased (**p<0.05): 6.12±0.19; 6.14±0.31 in females compared to controls. Furthermore, ALT value decreased significantly (**p<0.05): 6.83±2.59 in males. In addition, the oral administration of EO at the dose of 600 mg/kg showed an interesting antiinflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. Histopathological damage was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of mice treated with EO of this plant. Hence, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of EO of F. sulcata Desf. are considered the first data.
{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Acute Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activity of <i>Ferula sulcata</i> Desf. from Setif, Algeria","authors":"Malika Rahmouni, Meriem Hamoudi, Randa Mlik, Hocine Laouer, Seddik Khennouf, Saliha Dahamna, Nour Elhouda Mekhadmi, Aicha Mouane","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33434","url":null,"abstract":"Several works are interested in studying the undesirable therapeutic effects of medicinal plants, which must be used with great caution because they can be toxic. Under this objective falls our work, which consists in studying the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory action in vivo of the Essential Oil (EO) of the aerial part (seed) of Ferula sulcata Desf. harvested from the region of Setif in western Algeria. Two doses were applied by oral gavage (2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight). After administration of the oil, the mice were continuously monitored for 14 days. The results obtained showed that there was no mortality or morbidity whereas the animals showed toxic effects e.g., behavioral and morphological changes. On the other hand, a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight was observed. In addition, an important increase was recorded in the relative organ weights compared to the controls, whereas the liver was significantly increased (**p<0.05): 6.12±0.19; 6.14±0.31 in females compared to controls. Furthermore, ALT value decreased significantly (**p<0.05): 6.83±2.59 in males. In addition, the oral administration of EO at the dose of 600 mg/kg showed an interesting antiinflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. Histopathological damage was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of mice treated with EO of this plant. Hence, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of EO of F. sulcata Desf. are considered the first data.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33602
Atul Dalvi, Mukesh Nariya, Swapnil Chaudhari, B. J. Patgiri
Somanathi Tamra Bhasma is a unique method of preparation of Tamra Bhasma. In the classics, it is mentioned that if Tamra Bhasma has been used without Amritikarana in therapeutics, it produces ill effects. Hence it should be recommended after Amritikarana process only. Actual impact of this procedure in the preparation of Somanathi Tamra Bhasma has not evaluated till date. This is the first attempt towards preparing Somanathi Tamra Bhasma with Amritikarana (STBA) and evaluate its safety. Three batches of STBA were prepared as per the classical guidelines. In acute toxicity, STBA was administered at a maximal dose of 2000 mg/kg to overnight fasted rats and observed closely for behavioural changes, signs of toxicity and mortality if any, continuously for the first six hours and thereafter periodically up to 14 days. In the repeated dose 90-days oral toxicity evaluation, the test drug was administered daily at the doses of 67.5, 337.5 and 675 mg/kg along with Pippali Churna and honey as an adjuvant to rats for 90 days in divided dose followed by a 30-day recovery period. Animals were sacrificed on the 91st day and haematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were studied. In acute toxicity, STBA at the dose of 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable toxic effects or mortality. STBA did not produce any significant changes in haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters at TED and TED x 5 dose levels but mild fatty and inflammatory changes were observed in liver at TED x 10 dose level. These changes were returned to normal at recovery groups. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that STBA is safe at therapeutic dose levels when used judiciously along with specified adjuvants.
Somanathi Tamra Bhasma是一种独特的制备Tamra Bhasma的方法。经典中提到，如果在治疗中没有使用阿利提卡拉那，就会产生不良影响。因此，应该建议只在Amritikarana过程之后进行。这一程序对《Somanathi Tamra Bhasma》的实际影响至今尚未得到评价。这是第一次尝试用Amritikarana (STBA)准备Somanathi Tamra Bhasma并评估其安全性。按照经典指南制备了三批STBA。在急性毒性试验中，将STBA以最大剂量2000 mg/kg给予禁食过夜的大鼠，并在前6小时连续观察其行为变化、毒性迹象和死亡(如有)，此后定期观察至14天。在重复给药90天的口服毒性评价中，试验药物以67.5、337.5和675 mg/kg的剂量每日给药，同时给药大鼠分次给药90天，然后给予30天的恢复期。第91天处死动物，观察血液学、血清生化指标及脏器组织病理学变化。在急性毒性方面，2000 mg/kg剂量的STBA未产生任何可观察到的毒性作用或死亡。在TED和TED x 5剂量水平下，STBA未对血液学、生化和组织病理学参数产生任何显著变化，但在TED x 10剂量水平下，肝脏观察到轻度脂肪和炎症变化。这些变化在恢复组恢复正常。基于这些观察，可以得出结论，如果审慎地与特定佐剂一起使用，STBA在治疗剂量水平上是安全的。
{"title":"Impact of <i>Amritikarana</i> Procedure on Safety Aspect of <i>Somanathi Tamra Bhasma</i>","authors":"Atul Dalvi, Mukesh Nariya, Swapnil Chaudhari, B. J. Patgiri","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33602","url":null,"abstract":"Somanathi Tamra Bhasma is a unique method of preparation of Tamra Bhasma. In the classics, it is mentioned that if Tamra Bhasma has been used without Amritikarana in therapeutics, it produces ill effects. Hence it should be recommended after Amritikarana process only. Actual impact of this procedure in the preparation of Somanathi Tamra Bhasma has not evaluated till date. This is the first attempt towards preparing Somanathi Tamra Bhasma with Amritikarana (STBA) and evaluate its safety. Three batches of STBA were prepared as per the classical guidelines. In acute toxicity, STBA was administered at a maximal dose of 2000 mg/kg to overnight fasted rats and observed closely for behavioural changes, signs of toxicity and mortality if any, continuously for the first six hours and thereafter periodically up to 14 days. In the repeated dose 90-days oral toxicity evaluation, the test drug was administered daily at the doses of 67.5, 337.5 and 675 mg/kg along with Pippali Churna and honey as an adjuvant to rats for 90 days in divided dose followed by a 30-day recovery period. Animals were sacrificed on the 91st day and haematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were studied. In acute toxicity, STBA at the dose of 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable toxic effects or mortality. STBA did not produce any significant changes in haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters at TED and TED x 5 dose levels but mild fatty and inflammatory changes were observed in liver at TED x 10 dose level. These changes were returned to normal at recovery groups. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that STBA is safe at therapeutic dose levels when used judiciously along with specified adjuvants.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morus alba (L.) belongs to the family Moraceae commonly known as white mulberry used in folk medicine in the remedy of dysentery, diuretic, and antidiabetic treatments. Morus species contain several bioactive compounds which attribute to their biological properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of different leaf extracts of Morus alba (L). The plant leaves extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet extraction method. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidative potential was assessed by H2O2 free radical scavenging assay. The antiproliferative potential was investigated by MTT (3-[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our results showed that all the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity dose-dependently. Amongst all, the ethanolic leaf extract possessed higher radical scavenging activity as well as potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the ethanolic leaf extract was subjected to analyse of its bioactive composition that might be responsible for its potent antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. The presence of different functional groups in the extract was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique and the main bioactive compounds in the extract were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Therefore, it can be concluded by the above findings that Morus alba (L.) has promising antioxidant activity and potent antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells and thus can be used as a great source of natural antioxidants in developing drugs against various diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potential of <i>Morus alba</i> (L.) Leaves Extracts Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Richa Soni, Divya Gupta, Shamli Gupte, Arti Rathour, Sadhana Shrivastava, Sangeeta Shukla","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33811","url":null,"abstract":"Morus alba (L.) belongs to the family Moraceae commonly known as white mulberry used in folk medicine in the remedy of dysentery, diuretic, and antidiabetic treatments. Morus species contain several bioactive compounds which attribute to their biological properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of different leaf extracts of Morus alba (L). The plant leaves extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet extraction method. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidative potential was assessed by H2O2 free radical scavenging assay. The antiproliferative potential was investigated by MTT (3-[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our results showed that all the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity dose-dependently. Amongst all, the ethanolic leaf extract possessed higher radical scavenging activity as well as potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the ethanolic leaf extract was subjected to analyse of its bioactive composition that might be responsible for its potent antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. The presence of different functional groups in the extract was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique and the main bioactive compounds in the extract were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Therefore, it can be concluded by the above findings that Morus alba (L.) has promising antioxidant activity and potent antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells and thus can be used as a great source of natural antioxidants in developing drugs against various diseases.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33573
Jammu Harish, Bodasingi Sai Kumar, Uppu Naga Babu, Gattupalli Subhakara Rao, Venkateswara Rao Anna
Impurity analysis plays a significant role in the manufacture of a safe pharmaceutical product that ensures the safety of consumers. Keeping this in consideration, the present study was intended to develop a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the resolution and quantification of 4 process-related impurities namely impurities 1, 2, 3 and 4 in alpelisib pure drug and formulations. The method consumes greener solvents as a mobile phase that resolves the analytes on ProntoSIL ODS-C18 (250×4.6 mm; 5 μ id) column at room temperature as stationary phase, ethanol and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid in 65:35 (V/V) at pH 4.5 as mobile phase at 0.8 mL/min flow rate, UV detection at 246 nm. The method can detect the analytes at retention times of 7.05, 4.52, 6.09, 2.88 and 8.14 min respectively for alpelisib, impurity 1, 2, 3 and 4. The analysis was completed with a run time of 15 min that consume less solvent and the same analysis time. The linearity of the proposed method was perceived in the range of 12.5 to 100 μg/mL for alpelisib and 0.0125 to 0.10 μg/mL for impurities. The method can effectively resolve the unknown stress degradation products generated during the stress exposure of alpelisib along with its known impurities in the study. The outcomes of other validation studies were likewise satisfactory and proven adequate for regular analysis of alpelisib and its process-related impurities in bulk drug and pharmaceutical tablet doses.
{"title":"Development and Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Alpelisib and its Process-Related Impurities in Pure Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulations","authors":"Jammu Harish, Bodasingi Sai Kumar, Uppu Naga Babu, Gattupalli Subhakara Rao, Venkateswara Rao Anna","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33573","url":null,"abstract":"Impurity analysis plays a significant role in the manufacture of a safe pharmaceutical product that ensures the safety of consumers. Keeping this in consideration, the present study was intended to develop a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the resolution and quantification of 4 process-related impurities namely impurities 1, 2, 3 and 4 in alpelisib pure drug and formulations. The method consumes greener solvents as a mobile phase that resolves the analytes on ProntoSIL ODS-C18 (250×4.6 mm; 5 μ id) column at room temperature as stationary phase, ethanol and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid in 65:35 (V/V) at pH 4.5 as mobile phase at 0.8 mL/min flow rate, UV detection at 246 nm. The method can detect the analytes at retention times of 7.05, 4.52, 6.09, 2.88 and 8.14 min respectively for alpelisib, impurity 1, 2, 3 and 4. The analysis was completed with a run time of 15 min that consume less solvent and the same analysis time. The linearity of the proposed method was perceived in the range of 12.5 to 100 μg/mL for alpelisib and 0.0125 to 0.10 μg/mL for impurities. The method can effectively resolve the unknown stress degradation products generated during the stress exposure of alpelisib along with its known impurities in the study. The outcomes of other validation studies were likewise satisfactory and proven adequate for regular analysis of alpelisib and its process-related impurities in bulk drug and pharmaceutical tablet doses.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/31834
Krishna Rana, Priyanka Gautam
Present study was aimed to estimate the median lethal concentration of most extensively used pesticides, pyrethroid (transfluthrin and cyfluthrin) and carbamates’ pesticides (methiocarb and propoxur to deter pests, using a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism. The median Lethal Concentration (LC50) was calculated by Log-dose/ probit regression line method, and Worms showed 24-hours lethality at concentrations 37 mg/l, 61 mg/l, 63 mg/l, and 48 mg/l for transfluthrin, cyfluthrin and methiocarb, propoxur respectively on NGM. Structural and toxicidal differences may has been for Differences in the median lethal concentration. LD50 and LC50 values data was compare with mammalian oral LD50 and calculated LC50 using C. elegans respectively. C. elegans found to be the more convenient for generating LC50 values analogous to the mammals LD50 values. So, C. elegans has great promises in the area of toxicological research.
{"title":"Estimation of Median Lethal Concentration (LC<Sub>50</Sub>) of Pyrethroid and Carbamates Pesticides using the Nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> to Predict Mammalian Acute Lethality (LD<Sub>50</Sub>)","authors":"Krishna Rana, Priyanka Gautam","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/31834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/31834","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was aimed to estimate the median lethal concentration of most extensively used pesticides, pyrethroid (transfluthrin and cyfluthrin) and carbamates’ pesticides (methiocarb and propoxur to deter pests, using a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism. The median Lethal Concentration (LC50) was calculated by Log-dose/ probit regression line method, and Worms showed 24-hours lethality at concentrations 37 mg/l, 61 mg/l, 63 mg/l, and 48 mg/l for transfluthrin, cyfluthrin and methiocarb, propoxur respectively on NGM. Structural and toxicidal differences may has been for Differences in the median lethal concentration. LD50 and LC50 values data was compare with mammalian oral LD50 and calculated LC50 using C. elegans respectively. C. elegans found to be the more convenient for generating LC50 values analogous to the mammals LD50 values. So, C. elegans has great promises in the area of toxicological research.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the present work was to characterize and assess the intranasal toxicity of a solution of total triterpenoids - based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA-NS). The acute and 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of intranasal administrated INDCA-NS in Wistar rats was evaluated. For the acute intranasal toxicity study, a single dose of 100 μg/rat/day was administered to five male and female rats and observed for mortality and signs of toxicity for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, the INDCA-NS (10, 30, and 100 μg/rat/day) were intranasally administered to a separate group of five male and female rats for 28 days, followed by a 14-day reversal period for behavioral, biochemical, and histological parameters. The effect of subacute administration of INDCA-NS on the ability to smell in rats was evaluated by a buried food test. Treatment with INDCA-NS did not result in mortality or treatment-related adverse signs during single or 28-day repeated-dose administration. In addition, intranasal INDCA-NS did not affect the sense of smell, as observed in the buried food test. Intranasal NDCA-NS was found safe in rats with a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of more than 100 μg/rat/day and No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of more than 100 μg/rat/day in male and female rats during acute and subacute intranasal toxicity study respectively.
{"title":"Characterization and Preclinical Toxicity Assessment of Intranasal Administration of Standardized Extract of <i>Centella asiatica</i> (L.) Urban Leaves (INDCA-NS) in Laboratory Rats","authors":"Prasad Thakurdesai, Savita Nimse, Pallavi Deshpande","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32171","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present work was to characterize and assess the intranasal toxicity of a solution of total triterpenoids - based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA-NS). The acute and 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of intranasal administrated INDCA-NS in Wistar rats was evaluated. For the acute intranasal toxicity study, a single dose of 100 μg/rat/day was administered to five male and female rats and observed for mortality and signs of toxicity for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, the INDCA-NS (10, 30, and 100 μg/rat/day) were intranasally administered to a separate group of five male and female rats for 28 days, followed by a 14-day reversal period for behavioral, biochemical, and histological parameters. The effect of subacute administration of INDCA-NS on the ability to smell in rats was evaluated by a buried food test. Treatment with INDCA-NS did not result in mortality or treatment-related adverse signs during single or 28-day repeated-dose administration. In addition, intranasal INDCA-NS did not affect the sense of smell, as observed in the buried food test. Intranasal NDCA-NS was found safe in rats with a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of more than 100 μg/rat/day and No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of more than 100 μg/rat/day in male and female rats during acute and subacute intranasal toxicity study respectively.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32261
Daveedu Thathapudi, Raja Jayarao Yendluri, Anilkumar Adimulapu, Mahesh Gunda, Manohar Vadela, S. B. Sainath, P. R. V. Manohar
The present study aims to investigate the protective role of L-Carnitine (LC) against Deltamethrin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats exposed during their early developmental period. DTM was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight to the prepubertal rat’s Post-Natal Day (PND) 23 rats through oral route and exposure was continued until they reach PND 90. After completion of the exposure period, male rats were assessed for reproductive endpoints. Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in testosterone production and decreased the sperm parameters such as sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity. Deltamethrin intoxication also reduced the reproductive organs’ weight and testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase) levels. Further DTM exposure induced the oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant reduction in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels with significant elevation in the malondialdehyde. DTM also induced the significant sperm DNA damage. In addition, DTM exposure significantly declined the testosterone levels over the control group, indicating the impaired steroidogenesis. In addition to the compromised steroidogenesis DTM exposure also deteriorated the testicular architecture according to the histological observations. On the other hand, therapy with LC (100 mg/kg body weight) improved the biomass of reproductive organs, the features of the sperm, testicular steroidogenesis and testicular antioxidant enzymes levels. Concluding that DTM might disturb the testicular antioxidant level that eventually impaired the reproductive health of rats. However, LC supplementation mitigated the reproductive toxicity through its antioxidant property.
{"title":"Protective Effect of L-Carnitine against Deltamethrin Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity in Adult Rats Exposed at their Prepubertal Stage","authors":"Daveedu Thathapudi, Raja Jayarao Yendluri, Anilkumar Adimulapu, Mahesh Gunda, Manohar Vadela, S. B. Sainath, P. R. V. Manohar","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32261","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the protective role of L-Carnitine (LC) against Deltamethrin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats exposed during their early developmental period. DTM was administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight to the prepubertal rat’s Post-Natal Day (PND) 23 rats through oral route and exposure was continued until they reach PND 90. After completion of the exposure period, male rats were assessed for reproductive endpoints. Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in testosterone production and decreased the sperm parameters such as sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity. Deltamethrin intoxication also reduced the reproductive organs’ weight and testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase) levels. Further DTM exposure induced the oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant reduction in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels with significant elevation in the malondialdehyde. DTM also induced the significant sperm DNA damage. In addition, DTM exposure significantly declined the testosterone levels over the control group, indicating the impaired steroidogenesis. In addition to the compromised steroidogenesis DTM exposure also deteriorated the testicular architecture according to the histological observations. On the other hand, therapy with LC (100 mg/kg body weight) improved the biomass of reproductive organs, the features of the sperm, testicular steroidogenesis and testicular antioxidant enzymes levels. Concluding that DTM might disturb the testicular antioxidant level that eventually impaired the reproductive health of rats. However, LC supplementation mitigated the reproductive toxicity through its antioxidant property.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The geomagnetic field is a naturally occurring physical force that operates to sustain life on earth. However, recent advances in technology, rapid urbanization and electromagnetic pollution have led to interferences in strength of the magnetic field, which has resulted in various health hazards in several life forms. This study was carried out to understand the effect of magnetic fields that are greater than the strength of the natural geomagnetic field in Philosamia ricini, commonly known as Eri silkworm. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the haemogram profile as well as the total protein content, were considered for analysis. The 5th instar silkworm larvae were exposed to two magnetic fields of different strengths, namely 0.4493G and 0.8345G, and changes were recorded and compared with a control group. The results revealed decrease in the number of haemocytes and disruption of haemocytes that increased with increase in strength of magnetic field along. The total protein content of haemolymph also underwent changes with changes in the strength of the magnetic field. Such studies and future in-depth analysis of different biological parameters in organisms due to the changing geomagnetic field might be beneficial in understanding and maneuvering the effects of magnetic field on organisms.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effects of Magnetic Field on the Haemogram Profile and Protein Content of Eri Silkworm, <i>Philosamia ricini</i>","authors":"Shibani Kalita, Bidisha Rani Das, Sunayan Bardoloi, Smritimala Sarmah, Sanghamitra Saharia, Anjumani Ojah","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/32165","url":null,"abstract":"The geomagnetic field is a naturally occurring physical force that operates to sustain life on earth. However, recent advances in technology, rapid urbanization and electromagnetic pollution have led to interferences in strength of the magnetic field, which has resulted in various health hazards in several life forms. This study was carried out to understand the effect of magnetic fields that are greater than the strength of the natural geomagnetic field in Philosamia ricini, commonly known as Eri silkworm. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the haemogram profile as well as the total protein content, were considered for analysis. The 5th instar silkworm larvae were exposed to two magnetic fields of different strengths, namely 0.4493G and 0.8345G, and changes were recorded and compared with a control group. The results revealed decrease in the number of haemocytes and disruption of haemocytes that increased with increase in strength of magnetic field along. The total protein content of haemolymph also underwent changes with changes in the strength of the magnetic field. Such studies and future in-depth analysis of different biological parameters in organisms due to the changing geomagnetic field might be beneficial in understanding and maneuvering the effects of magnetic field on organisms.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/30923
J. Ramesh, Anilkumar Banothu, Kala Kumar Bharani, P. Shivakumar, M. Jeevanalatha, Y. Ravikumar
The current study aimed to know the therapeutic efficacy of Punica granatum (fruit juice extract) against anti-TB druginduced hepatic fibrosis in rats. 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each. INH at 27 mg/kg B.W., RIF at 54 mg/kg B.W., and PZA at 135 mg/kg B.W. were administered orally to Groups 2, 3 and 4 from days 1 to 28. Group 1 was maintained as normal control, and group 2 was a toxic control (administered anti-TB drugs, p/o). Groups 3 and 4 were administered (p/o) with Enalapril at 5mg/kg B.W. and Punica granatum (fresh juice extract) at 1 ml/rat, respectively, from day 1 to 28. Serum samples were collected on the 14th and 28th to assess various biochemical parameters, and liver samples were collected at the end of the experiment to analyze antioxidant parameters, TGF β1, and histopathological examination. The biochemical parameters showed significant (p<0.05) alterations in AST, ALT, GGT, antioxidant profile (TBARS GSH, GST, GPx and SOD), and expression of TGF β1 levels in group 2 along with collagen deposition and alterations in the histopathology when compared with group 1. There was a significant improvement in treatment groups 3 and 4 at different time intervals. These changes were reversed in groups 3 and 4, which were administered Enalapril and Punica granatum juice extract, respectively.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Pomegranate Juice Extract Against Antitubercular Drugs Induced Hepatic Fibrosis","authors":"J. Ramesh, Anilkumar Banothu, Kala Kumar Bharani, P. Shivakumar, M. Jeevanalatha, Y. Ravikumar","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/30923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/30923","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to know the therapeutic efficacy of Punica granatum (fruit juice extract) against anti-TB druginduced hepatic fibrosis in rats. 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in each. INH at 27 mg/kg B.W., RIF at 54 mg/kg B.W., and PZA at 135 mg/kg B.W. were administered orally to Groups 2, 3 and 4 from days 1 to 28. Group 1 was maintained as normal control, and group 2 was a toxic control (administered anti-TB drugs, p/o). Groups 3 and 4 were administered (p/o) with Enalapril at 5mg/kg B.W. and Punica granatum (fresh juice extract) at 1 ml/rat, respectively, from day 1 to 28. Serum samples were collected on the 14th and 28th to assess various biochemical parameters, and liver samples were collected at the end of the experiment to analyze antioxidant parameters, TGF β1, and histopathological examination. The biochemical parameters showed significant (p<0.05) alterations in AST, ALT, GGT, antioxidant profile (TBARS GSH, GST, GPx and SOD), and expression of TGF β1 levels in group 2 along with collagen deposition and alterations in the histopathology when compared with group 1. There was a significant improvement in treatment groups 3 and 4 at different time intervals. These changes were reversed in groups 3 and 4, which were administered Enalapril and Punica granatum juice extract, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monofunctional alkylating agents, Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS) were used to understand adaptive response utilising mating behaviour as a parameter in D. melanogaster. Selected conditioning and challenging doses of EMS (0.5mM and 15mM) or MMS (0.1mM and 3mM) by larval feeding were tested employing different combinations of crosses. The results have revealed that both EMS and MMS affected courtship elements significantly in different combinations of crosses. Nonetheless, significant increases in orientation, tapping, wing vibration and licking were observed when both males and females were treated with a challenging dose of MMS compared to EMS (p<0.05). On par with this, were also the results of female rejection elements in both the tested chemicals. When conditioning and challenging doses were given after 2 hours of time lag between them to 48±4h or 72±4h aged larvae of D. melanogaster, the results showed that male and female courtship elements significantly reduced compared to the additive effect of respective agents. Similarly, the courtship latency and copulation latency were significantly decreased in contrast to copulation duration which was significantly increased (p<0.05). Thus the results demonstrate the presence of adaptive response in D. melanogaster using courtship elements and the authors opine that mating behaviour can be used as a parameter to analyze adaptive response in D. melanogaster within a short period of time compared to other test procedures.
以单功能烷基化剂、甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲基磺酸甲酯(MMS)为研究对象，以交配行为为参数，研究了黑腹龙的适应性反应。采用不同杂交组合对不同剂量的EMS (0.5mM和15mM)和MMS (0.1mM和3mM)进行调节和激射试验。结果表明，在不同组合中，EMS和MMS对求偶因素的影响都很显著。尽管如此,显著的取向,攻丝,机翼振动和舔观察雄性和雌性都在处理具有挑战性的剂量的MMS相比EMS(术中,0.05)。与此同时，两种测试化学品中女性排斥成分的结果也是如此。当调节和具有挑战性的剂量之间的时间差2小时后他们48岁±4 h或72±4 h d .腹的幼虫,结果表明,男性和女性求爱元素相比显著降低添加剂的影响各自的代理。求偶潜伏期和交尾潜伏期均显著降低，而交尾持续时间则显著增加(p < 0.05)。因此，研究结果表明，在求偶条件下，黑腹蝶存在适应反应，作者认为，与其他测试方法相比，交配行为可以作为分析短时间内黑腹蝶适应反应的参数。
{"title":"Utilization of Mating Behavior as a Parameter to Understand Adaptive Response in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> using Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Methyl Methanesulfonate","authors":"Baladare Udayakumar Divyashree, Kembalu Narayana Ravindra, Venkateshaiah Vasudev","doi":"10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i3/33469","url":null,"abstract":"Monofunctional alkylating agents, Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS) were used to understand adaptive response utilising mating behaviour as a parameter in D. melanogaster. Selected conditioning and challenging doses of EMS (0.5mM and 15mM) or MMS (0.1mM and 3mM) by larval feeding were tested employing different combinations of crosses. The results have revealed that both EMS and MMS affected courtship elements significantly in different combinations of crosses. Nonetheless, significant increases in orientation, tapping, wing vibration and licking were observed when both males and females were treated with a challenging dose of MMS compared to EMS (p<0.05). On par with this, were also the results of female rejection elements in both the tested chemicals. When conditioning and challenging doses were given after 2 hours of time lag between them to 48±4h or 72±4h aged larvae of D. melanogaster, the results showed that male and female courtship elements significantly reduced compared to the additive effect of respective agents. Similarly, the courtship latency and copulation latency were significantly decreased in contrast to copulation duration which was significantly increased (p<0.05). Thus the results demonstrate the presence of adaptive response in D. melanogaster using courtship elements and the authors opine that mating behaviour can be used as a parameter to analyze adaptive response in D. melanogaster within a short period of time compared to other test procedures.","PeriodicalId":23205,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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