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2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)最新文献

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Out-Of-Control Detection In Semiconductor Manufacturing using One-Class Support Vector Machines 一类支持向量机在半导体制造中的失控检测
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551477
Ilham Rabhi, A. Roussy, F. Pasqualini, C. Alegret
Semiconductor manufacturing is a continuously challenging and competitive industry. It is important to detect any anomalies in the production facilities, or fabs, as they occur to avoid defect accumulations and loss of performance. In this paper we present a literature review of classification methods and detailed the chosen method which is One Class-Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM). This method is used for out-of-control detection in semiconductor manufacturing. The method is tested via an application using industrial data of the studied fab.
半导体制造是一个不断挑战和竞争的行业。检测生产设施或晶圆厂中的任何异常,以避免缺陷累积和性能损失,这一点非常重要。本文对分类方法进行了文献综述,并详细介绍了所选择的一类支持向量机(OC-SVM)分类方法。该方法用于半导体制造中的失控检测。利用所研究晶圆厂的工业数据,对该方法进行了应用测试。
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引用次数: 0
Mobility Improvement on the Two-Wheeled Dynamically Balanced Robot – $mathrm{J}4.beta$ 两轮动平衡机器人的移动性能改进[J] . [β]
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551427
Yu-Cheng Hsu, Ming C. Lin, C. G. Li
Dynamically self-balancing wheeled robots possess the characteristics of having a small footprint, low base-to-height ratios, high accelerations and speeds, and low costs. They are suitable for working in human-centric environments. As part of our ongoing effort in creating self-balancing wheeled robots, in this article, we reported the development of our latest model – $mathrm{J}4.beta$. In contrast to the previous model – $mathrm{J}4.alpha$, the new model has a greater dynamic mass-to-total ratio; thus, the acceleration and the ultimate speed are both increased. Here, the maximum speed of 4.4 m/s of the motion platform is achievable by $mathrm{J}4.beta$. We analyzed the system dynamics and had confirmations from measurements; a speed servo system was developed based on PID control. To simplify the dynamics of the mobile robot, a stepper motor instead of a DC motor was adopted for the actuation of the dynamic mass; the overall controlled plant could be approximated as a second-order system. To acquire the PID coefficients, a series of road tests were performed in a common office building. A set of suitable PID coefficients was obtained and verified by three speeds: 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, and 2 m/s. The speed curves exhibited fast ramp-up, low overshoot, setpoint matching, and low oscillation. For regulation testing, a zero speed was set and external disturbance was applied. The robot was witnessed to slow down rapidly and remain stationary without intensive oscillation. While constructing the autonomous navigation and remote control systems for the mobile robot, the sampling rate of the control system was largely upgraded to 4k Hz to achieve a better tracking and regulation ability.
动态自平衡轮式机器人具有占地面积小、底高比低、加速度和速度高、成本低等特点。它们适合在以人为中心的环境中工作。作为我们不断努力创造自平衡轮式机器人的一部分,在这篇文章中,我们报告了我们最新模型的发展- $mathrm{J}4.beta$。与之前的模型- $mathrm{J}4.alpha$相比,新模型具有更大的动态质量与总比;因此,加速度和最终速度都增加了。在这里,运动平台的最大速度为4.4米/秒,可通过$mathrm{J}4.beta$实现。我们分析了系统动力学,并从测量中得到了证实;设计了一种基于PID控制的速度伺服系统。为了简化移动机器人的动力学,采用步进电机代替直流电动机来驱动动态质量;整个被控对象可以近似为一个二阶系统。为了获得PID系数,在某普通办公楼进行了一系列道路试验。通过0.5 m/s、1 m/s和2 m/s三种速度,得到了一组合适的PID系数。速度曲线表现出快速上升、低超调、设定值匹配和低振荡。在调节试验中,设置零转速并施加外部干扰。机器人可以快速减速并保持静止,没有剧烈的振荡。在构建移动机器人自主导航和远程控制系统时,控制系统的采样率大幅提升至4k Hz,以获得更好的跟踪和调节能力。
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引用次数: 0
Price Optimization for Perishable Products with Freshness Transition Function * 具有新鲜度过渡函数的易腐产品价格优化*
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551670
Ning Li, Z. Wang
Because different items of the perishable products have different deterioration extents in an inventory system, the deterioration process of these perishable products cannot be captured accurately by a single number like deterioration rate. Instead, it is more appropriate to capture their deterioration process on different freshness levels by employing the freshness transition function. Especially, time-temperature indicator (TTI) technology can detect the freshness deterioration process accurately. Therefore, the freshness transition function of perishable products can be constructed based on the data collected by the TTIs. The accuracy of a freshness transition function depends on the detection quality of the TTIs deployed in the perishable inventory system and affects the performance of the pricing decision, because this decision is made based on the observation accuracy of the products' freshness. In this research, we develop the method of optimal pricing decision to obtain the maximum total profit based on the freshness transition function. This method is implemented in three steps: constructing the freshness transition function, designing the pricing optimization policy based on Deep Q-network method, and analyzing the impact of the accuracy of the freshness transition function on the performance of the pricing decision. Finally, we conduct some numerical experiments to examine the performance of the proposed optimal pricing method based on the freshness transition function and found that (1) the retailers should increase the price to obtain more total profit within a sale cycle; (2) the accuracy of the freshness transition function has great influence on the proposed pricing optimization policy.
由于在一个库存系统中,不同种类的易腐产品有不同的变质程度,这些易腐产品的变质过程不能用单个数字如变质率来准确地反映。相反,采用新鲜度过渡函数来捕捉它们在不同新鲜度水平上的变质过程是更合适的。特别是时间-温度指示器(TTI)技术可以准确地检测食品的新鲜度变质过程。因此,可以基于tti收集的数据构建易腐产品的新鲜度转换函数。新鲜度过渡函数的准确性取决于易腐库存系统中部署的tti的检测质量,并影响定价决策的性能,因为定价决策是基于对产品新鲜度的观察准确性做出的。在本研究中,我们开发了基于新鲜度过渡函数的总利润最大化的最优定价决策方法。该方法分为三个步骤实现:构建新鲜度过渡函数,基于Deep Q-network方法设计定价优化策略,分析新鲜度过渡函数的准确性对定价决策性能的影响。最后,通过数值实验验证了基于新鲜度过渡函数的最优定价方法的性能,结果表明:(1)零售商在一个销售周期内应该提高价格以获得更多的总利润;(2)新鲜度过渡函数的准确性对所提出的定价优化策略有较大影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Design of Hybrid Hub-and-spoke Networks for Large-scale Dynamic Express Logistics: A Case Study of Chinese Express* 大型动态快递物流的轮辐混合网络设计——以中国快递为例*
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551642
Yue Li, Zilong Zhuang, W. Qin
With the continuous growth of express demand, the impact of its fluctuations is becoming more and more significant. The traditional H&S networks cannot respond intelligently to the demand changes. Therefore, a new network design method combining information and automation needs to be developed urgently. This paper considers a multi-hub version and proposes a hybrid network to dynamically design the hubs' locations and the straight connections between nodes. A mixed integer linear programming model is formulated, and a two-stage genetic algorithm is developed to solve the small and large-scale instances of the hybrid H&S network design problem. The MILP and heuristic algorithm are tested on instances provided by an express delivery giant from China. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and economy of the hybrid H&S network and the ability of the proposed heuristic algorithm to quickly find the approximate optimal solution.
随着快递需求的不断增长,其波动的影响也越来越显著。传统的卫生与安全网络不能智能地响应需求的变化。因此,迫切需要开发一种信息化与自动化相结合的新型网络设计方法。本文考虑了多集线器版本,提出了一种动态设计集线器位置和节点间直连的混合网络。建立了一个混合整数线性规划模型,并提出了一种两阶段遗传算法来解决混合H&S网络的小实例和大实例设计问题。在中国某快递巨头提供的实例上对MILP和启发式算法进行了测试。实验结果验证了混合H&S网络的有效性和经济性,以及所提启发式算法快速找到近似最优解的能力。
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引用次数: 2
Development of Fabric Feed Mechanism Using Horizontal Articulated Dual Manipulator for Automated Sewing 水平铰接式双机械手自动缝制织物上料机构的研制
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551585
Tajima Shungo, H. Date
This study addresses the problem of automating the sewing process in the garment industry. While automatic feeding during sewing has been achieved, overlapping and feeding two a pair of cloths still require a human operator. The difficulty lies in manipulating a soft material. Instead of using a generic robot finger, we use a horizontal dual-arm manipulator with rollers as end effectors, which always hold down the cloth during manipulation. We validated our system through experiments with a prototype that can feed and sew a single piece of cloth in a single operation.
本研究针对服装工业缝制过程自动化的问题。虽然缝纫过程中的自动送料已经实现,但重叠和两对布料的送料仍然需要人工操作。难点在于如何操作一种柔软的材料。我们没有使用普通的机器人手指,而是使用了一个带滚轮的水平双臂机械手作为末端执行器,在操作过程中始终按住布料。我们通过实验验证了我们的系统,原型机可以在一次操作中喂布和缝一块布。
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引用次数: 2
Virtual metrology for semiconductor manufacturing: Focus on transfer learning 半导体制造中的虚拟计量:关注迁移学习
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551567
Rebecca Clain, Valeria Borodin, Michel Juge, A. Roussy
Nowadays, virtual metrology models for semiconductor manufacturing aim to be scalable. A Virtual Metrology (VM) system is intended to cover a wide spectrum of production contexts. However, due to the large numbers of possible combinations of recipes, tools and chambers, it becomes intractable to model each context separately. This work presents a VM modeling approach based on the paradigm of transfer learning in a fragmented production context. The approach exploits a 2-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (2D-CNN) architecture, namely Spatial Pyramid Pooling Network (SPP-net), to perform the transfer learning from source to target domains with input of different sizes. We implemented several transfer learning strategies on a benchmark dataset provided by the Prognostics and Health Management competition in 2016. The main key points of the proposed approach are discussed based on the findings gathered from the numerical analysis.
目前,用于半导体制造的虚拟计量模型的目标是可扩展。虚拟计量(VM)系统旨在覆盖广泛的生产环境。然而,由于配方、工具和腔室的可能组合有很多,单独对每个上下文建模变得很棘手。这项工作提出了一种基于碎片化生产环境中迁移学习范式的虚拟机建模方法。该方法利用二维卷积神经网络(2D-CNN)架构,即空间金字塔池网络(SPP-net),在不同大小的输入域中执行从源域到目标域的迁移学习。我们在2016年预后和健康管理竞赛提供的基准数据集上实施了几种迁移学习策略。在数值分析的基础上,讨论了该方法的主要关键点。
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引用次数: 3
Comparing production control policies in two-product supply chain dynamics 两种产品供应链动态下生产控制策略的比较
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551581
R. Corsini, Antonio Costa, S. Fichera
This paper deals with a comparison of production control policies in a two-product two-echelon supply chain dynamic problem with production capacity constraint. The factory related echelon consists of an unreliable manufacturing system that cannot produce both types of products simultaneously. Therefore, changeover operations are required to switch from one type of product to another. The decision on the product changeover depends on the production control policy. This research compares the well-known Hedging Corridor Policy, which has been previously adopted by the literature in a supply chain with production capacity constraints, and the Improved Modified Hedging Corridor Policy, which has been proved to minimize the total cost incurred in manufacturing companies characterized by unreliable production systems with constant demand rate. For comparison purposes, an experimental campaign was conducted through an analytical model based on discrete-time difference equations to investigate the Fill Rate of the multi-product supply chain as response variable. A proper ANDVA analysis and a set of interval plots revealed that the Hedging Corridor Policy outperforms the Improved Modified Hedging Corridor Policy in improving the Fill Rate Indicator.
研究了具有生产能力约束的两产品两梯次供应链动态问题的生产控制策略比较。工厂相关梯队由一个不可靠的制造系统组成,该系统不能同时生产这两种产品。因此,从一种类型的产品切换到另一种类型的产品需要转换操作。产品转换的决定取决于生产控制政策。本研究比较了著名的套期保值走廊政策和改进的修正套期保值走廊政策,前者在产能受限的供应链中已被文献采用,后者已被证明可以最小化需求率恒定的不可靠生产系统的制造企业所产生的总成本。为了进行比较,通过基于离散时差方程的分析模型进行了实验活动,以研究多产品供应链的填充率作为响应变量。适当的ANDVA分析和一组区间图显示,对冲走廊政策在提高填充率指标方面优于改进的修正对冲走廊政策。
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引用次数: 2
Predicting the Distribution of Product Completion Time in Multi-Product Manufacturing Systems 多产品制造系统中产品完成时间分布的预测
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551468
Jing Huang, Q. Chang, J. Arinez
Product completion time is a random variable resulting from the random disturbances in production systems that delay the processing of products unexpectedly. Existing methods for product completion time prediction mostly predict its mean value. However, mean value only accounts for the first moment of a probability distribution, and is not sufficient for depicting the full spread of the product completion time. In this paper, we propose a novel method for predicting the probability distribution of production completion time by combining system model and deep learning. The original data collected from the plant floor are boosted through a model-based oversampling process. The location family of Tweedie distribution is discovered to fit the distribution of product competition time well. A hybrid framework is established to predict distribution parameters given system state as input, so as to predict the completion time distributions in a real-time fashion. The location parameter is analytically evaluated with system model. Other parameters are predicted or determined with data-driven methods, including a long-short term memory network and classic Tweedie prediction techniques.
产品完成时间是一个随机变量,由生产系统中的随机干扰导致产品加工的意外延迟。现有的产品完工时间预测方法多是预测其平均值。然而,均值只占概率分布的第一时刻,不足以描述产品完成时间的完整分布。本文提出了一种将系统模型与深度学习相结合的预测生产完工时间概率分布的新方法。从工厂车间收集的原始数据通过基于模型的过采样过程进行增强。发现Tweedie分布的位置族能很好地拟合产品竞争时间的分布。建立了以系统状态为输入预测分布参数的混合框架,实时预测完工时间分布。利用系统模型对定位参数进行了解析求解。其他参数的预测或确定与数据驱动的方法,包括长短期记忆网络和经典的Tweedie预测技术。
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引用次数: 1
A Deep Multimodal Network for Classification and Identification of Interventionists' Hand Motions during Cyborg Intravascular Catheterization 半机械人血管内置管过程中介入者手部运动的深度多模态网络分类和识别
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551465
O. Omisore, Wenjing Du, Wenke Duan, Thanh-Nhon Do, Rita Orji, Lei Wang
Recent insights from human-robot intelligence and deep learning raise hope towards task-specific autonomy in robotic intravascular coronary interventions. However, lack of learning-based methods for characterizing the interventionists' kinesthetic data hinders the drive for shared control and robotic autonomy during cyborg catheterization. In this study, a deep multimodal network model is proposed for classification and recognition of interventionists' hand movements during cyborg intravascular catheterization. The model has two modules for extracting salient features in electromyography signal datasets, and classification of hand motions made during intravascular catheterization procedures. Network training and evaluation observed for in-vitro and in-vivo datasets obtained from trained novice subjects and expert with about 5 years of experience in percutaneous coronary interventions. Performance evaluation shows the learning model could classify interventionists' hand movements accurately in manual and robot-assisted navigations, respectively. This study is suggested to further stimulate the development of appropriate skill level assessments towards cyborg catheterization for cardiac interventions.
人机智能和深度学习的最新见解为机器人血管内冠状动脉介入治疗的特定任务自主性带来了希望。然而,缺乏基于学习的方法来表征干预者的动觉数据,阻碍了在机器人导尿过程中共享控制和机器人自主的动力。在这项研究中,提出了一个深度多模态网络模型,用于分类和识别介入者在半机械人血管内置管过程中的手部运动。该模型有两个模块,用于提取肌电信号数据集的显著特征,以及对血管内插管过程中手部运动的分类。从训练有素的新手受试者和具有大约5年经皮冠状动脉介入治疗经验的专家那里获得的体外和体内数据集观察到网络训练和评估。性能评估表明,该学习模型能够准确分类干预者在手动导航和机器人辅助导航中的手部动作。这项研究建议进一步刺激适当的技能水平评估的发展,以机器人导管心脏介入。
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引用次数: 3
Rollout-based Gantry Call-back Control for Proton Therapy Systems 基于滚动的质子治疗系统龙门回调控制
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/CASE49439.2021.9551416
Feifan Wang, Yu-Li Huang, Feng Ju
Proton therapy is a highly targeted radiation treatment for tumors. In a typical proton therapy system, multiple gantries share a beam accelerator. A patient is often called back to a gantry immediately after the gantry becomes available, and each treatment requires multiple beams. This causes gantries to compete for the beam and results in long beam wait time, which negatively impacts treatment quality and patient satisfaction. In this study, we propose a rollout-based gantry call-back control method, considering both beam wait time and beam utilization. When a gantry becomes available, an optimal call-back delay time is applied to mitigate beam request conflicts. Simulation experiments suggest the proposed method can be used to find the trade-off between beam wait time and the bean utilization and improve proton therapy care delivery process.
质子治疗是一种高度靶向的肿瘤放射治疗。在典型的质子治疗系统中,多个龙门共用一个束流加速器。在龙门架可用后,患者通常会立即被叫回龙门架,每次治疗都需要多个横梁。这导致龙门架争夺光束,导致光束等待时间长,这对治疗质量和患者满意度产生负面影响。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种基于滚动的龙门架回调控制方法,同时考虑了梁的等待时间和梁的利用率。当龙门架可用时,应用最佳回调延迟时间来缓解波束请求冲突。仿真实验表明,该方法可用于寻找光束等待时间与光束利用率之间的权衡关系,从而改善质子治疗的护理过程。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)
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