Tribology International最新文献_第5页

Fretting wear behavior of micro-arc oxidized Ti6Al4V articulating against ZTA and CoCrMo for taper junctions in artificial hip joints 人工髋关节锥形接头微弧氧化Ti6Al4V对ZTA和CoCrMo的微动磨损行为

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111756

Zhangyue Qin , Yali Zhang , Xiaogang Zhang , Xinlu Yuan , Zhongmin Jin

Fretting wear at taper junctions of artificial hip joints is a major cause of allergy, prosthesis loosening, and even revision surgery. Micro‑arc oxidation (MAO) of Ti6Al4V for femoral stems offers a practical and promising approach to mitigating this problem. However, the fretting wear behavior between MAO‑Ti6Al4V and femoral head materials remains unclear. In this study, a high‑quality ceramic coating was first fabricated on Ti6Al4V by MAO. Fretting wear tests were then conducted under conditions representative of service environments of taper junctions in artificial hip joints. The fretting wear behavior and mechanisms of MAO‑Ti6Al4V/ZTA and MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo pairs, as well as the respective contributions of the substrate and counterbody to material loss, were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that, for both pairs, MAO treatment significantly reduced the fretting friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti6Al4V alloy, thereby providing effective protection and indicating considerable potential for clinical application in taper junctions. Moreover, the MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo pair exhibited three‑body wear and a more pronounced micro‑cutting effect under the gross slip regime (GSR) and mixed fretting regime (MFR), which led to greater material loss and induced fatigue damage. In contrast, the MAO‑Ti6Al4V/ZTA pair was associated with lower fretting damage and superior fretting wear resistance. Notably, in the MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo pair, the majority of material loss originated from CoCrMo, whereas in the MAO‑Ti6Al4V/ZTA pair, material loss occurred predominantly in MAO‑Ti6Al4V. For potential future clinical application, when MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo pairs are employed at taper junctions, particular attention should be paid to the wear state of CoCrMo femoral heads.

人工髋关节锥形连接处的微动磨损是导致过敏、假体松动甚至翻修手术的主要原因。微弧氧化（MAO）的Ti6Al4V股茎提供了一个实用的和有前途的方法来减轻这一问题。然而，MAO‑Ti6Al4V与股骨头材料之间的微动磨损行为尚不清楚。本研究首次在Ti6Al4V表面制备了高质量的陶瓷涂层。然后在具有代表性的人工髋关节锥形接头使用环境条件下进行微动磨损试验。系统地研究了MAO‑Ti6Al4V/ZTA和MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo对微动磨损的行为和机理，以及基体和基体对材料损耗的贡献。结果表明，MAO处理显著降低了Ti6Al4V合金的微动摩擦系数和磨损率，从而为Ti6Al4V合金提供了有效的保护，在锥度连接处的临床应用具有很大的潜力。此外，MAO - Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo合金在总滑移（GSR）和混合微动（MFR）状态下表现出三体磨损和更明显的微切削效应，导致更大的材料损失和诱发疲劳损伤。相比之下，MAO‑Ti6Al4V/ZTA对具有较低的微动损伤和优异的微动耐磨性。值得注意的是，在MAO - Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo对中，大部分材料损失来自CoCrMo，而在MAO - Ti6Al4V/ZTA对中，材料损失主要发生在MAO - Ti6Al4V中。为了潜在的未来临床应用，当MAO‑Ti6Al4V/CoCrMo对用于锥形连接处时，应特别注意CoCrMo股骨头的磨损状态。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of laser-induced discrete hardening units on gear surface fatigue resistance Ⅱ: Distribution-dependent fatigue damage and contact behavior via equivalent cylindrical rolling contact 激光诱导离散硬化单元对齿轮表面抗疲劳性能的影响Ⅱ：分布依赖的疲劳损伤和等效圆柱滚动接触的接触行为

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111763

Yuyang He, Jinghu Ji, Hao Fu, Yifan Wei, Yonghong Fu

The discrete laser spot-matrix hardening (DLSH) process is an innovative eco-friendly surface strengthening technique that enhances the surface strength of materials while preserving their inherent toughness. This unique configuration effectively reduces maximum contact stress while mitigating tooth surface fatigue damage through stress redistribution mechanisms ‎[1,2]. However, due to the intricate interface contact dynamics during meshing, it is necessary to elucidate the influence of hard-phase distribution parameters on fatigue damage progression and contact stress redistribution. Therefore, an equivalent rolling disk was employed to investigate the influence of hardened unit distribution patterns on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior at the pitch circle position through coupled experimental and finite element analysis. The result showed that the rolling contact wear volumes were reduced by 41.9 % and 55.4 % for the "large-sparse" and "small-dense" hardened unit distributions, respectively, compared to the untreated samples, which significantly enhanced the contact fatigue wear resistance of the cylindrical surfaces. It was also observed that the hardened units exerted a distinct spatial blocking effect on interfacial plastic flow, with the plastic flow layer depths being reduced by over 60 % and 83 % for the two configurations, respectively. The originally uniform contact stress distribution was discretized, leading to the formation of localized stress concentrations within the hardened unit regions while the contact stress in the soft matrix was reduced, inducing a periodically fluctuating and locally concentrated contact stress field. During different stages of rolling contact, a "pinning effect" was induced, which simultaneously protected the substrate material and impeded crack propagation.

离散激光点阵硬化（DLSH）工艺是一种创新的环保表面强化技术，可以在保持材料固有韧性的同时提高材料的表面强度。这种独特的结构有效地降低了最大接触应力，同时通过应力重分配机制减轻了齿面疲劳损伤[1,2]。然而，由于啮合过程中复杂的界面接触动力学，有必要研究硬相分布参数对疲劳损伤进展和接触应力重分布的影响。为此，采用等效滚动盘，通过试验与有限元耦合分析，研究了硬化单元分布方式对节圆位置滚动接触疲劳（RCF）行为的影响。结果表明，与未处理试样相比，“大-稀疏”和“小-密集”硬化单元分布的滚动接触磨损体积分别减少了41.9 %和55.4 %，显著提高了圆柱表面的接触疲劳磨损性能。研究还发现，硬化单元对界面塑性流动具有明显的空间阻塞效应，两种构型的塑性流动层深度分别减少了60% %和83% %以上。将原本均匀的接触应力分布离散化，导致硬化单元区内形成局部应力集中，而软基体内的接触应力降低，形成周期性波动的局部集中的接触应力场。在不同的滚动接触阶段，会产生“钉住效应”，在保护基体材料的同时阻碍裂纹扩展。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of photoluminescent thin films via tribochemical deposition of upconversion nanoparticles 上转换纳米颗粒摩擦化学沉积制备光致发光薄膜

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111764

Yuyang Yuan , Chun Wang , Abdel Dorgham , Tarun Kakkar , Gin Jose , Ardian Morina

Micro- and nano-scale manufacturing enables the creation of high-precision structures for diverse applications in optics, electronics, biomedical devices, and sensors. Tribochemistry, which harnesses friction-induced interfacial reactions, provides a promising route for film fabrication at these scales. Among various functional materials, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gained significant attention over the years due to their unique characteristics, including anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emission peaks, resistance to photobleaching, and long luminescent lifetimes. In this study, lanthanide-doped UCNPs were investigated as tribofilm precursors for the fabrication of functionalized tribofilms responsive to near-infrared (NIR) light at both the micro- and nano-scale. Micro-scale fabrication experiments demonstrated that UCNPs could be successfully incorporated into iron oxide-based tribofilms after extended sliding, while retaining their luminescent properties. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analysis revealed a layered tribofilm structure, with UCNPs predominantly concentrated in the upper and middle regions. At the nanoscale, in-situ AFM experiments showed that stable UCNPs tribofilm formation required the presence of iron oxide, which also account for the film’s limited thickness and high susceptibility to load-induced wear. This study demonstrates a viable strategy for integrating optical functionality into tribofilms, opening opportunities for tribochemistry-driven fabrication in sensing and micro/nanomanufacturing applications.

微型和纳米级制造可以为光学、电子、生物医学设备和传感器的各种应用创造高精度结构。摩擦化学利用摩擦引起的界面反应，为在这些尺度上制造薄膜提供了一条有前途的途径。在各种功能材料中，上转换纳米颗粒（UCNPs）由于其独特的特性，包括抗斯托克斯位移、尖锐的发射峰、抗光漂白和长发光寿命，近年来受到了广泛的关注。在本研究中，研究了镧系掺杂UCNPs作为摩擦膜前驱体，用于在微纳米尺度上制备响应近红外（NIR）光的功能化摩擦膜。微尺度制备实验表明，UCNPs可以在延长滑动后成功地结合到氧化铁基摩擦膜中，同时保持其发光特性。次级离子质谱（SIMS）分析揭示了层状摩擦膜结构，UCNPs主要集中在上部和中部区域。在纳米尺度上，原位AFM实验表明，稳定的UCNPs摩擦膜的形成需要氧化铁的存在，这也解释了膜的有限厚度和对载荷诱导磨损的高敏感性。这项研究展示了一种将光学功能集成到摩擦膜中的可行策略，为摩擦化学驱动的传感和微/纳米制造应用提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

Benzimidazole-based polyimide composite for high-temperature wear-resistant liners: Molecular design and synergistic reinforcement mechanisms 用于高温耐磨衬垫的苯并咪唑基聚酰亚胺复合材料：分子设计和协同增强机制

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111757

Yu He , Sai Ma , Xiangjian Meng , Zixu Wang , Zhaoyang Li , Xuehu Men , Junya Yuan

Polymer-fabric composite liners, with their inherent wear-resistant properties, are extensively used as friction materials, while investigating their tribological performance at higher temperatures remains challenging. A breakthrough in 400℃ temperature resistance of polymer-fabric composite liners has been initially demonstrated through a multi-level structural strategy integrating matrix molecular design, fabric reinforcement construction, and ceramic filler synergy, systematically constructing a high-temperature wear-resistant system from the molecular level to macroscopic properties. By tailoring the chain configuration of polyimide (PI) matrix and selecting three types of typical dianhydride monomers with different symmetries, the regulatory mechanism of molecular configuration on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PI fabric/PI composites were systematically revealed, laying a foundation for subsequent research on high-temperature tribological behavior. Building upon this foundation, the friction and wear behavior of composite enhanced with a TiB₂/BN hybrid filler system under dry sliding against GCr15 steel at 400℃ was investigated. The results demonstrate that TiB₂/BN-PI fabric/sPI composite achieves a friction coefficient as low as 0.06 at 400℃. Ultimately, a full-chain performance optimization across the entire process, from molecular design to structural construction and functional filler synergy, was achieved.

聚合物织物复合衬垫具有固有的耐磨性能，被广泛用作摩擦材料，但研究其在高温下的摩擦学性能仍然具有挑战性。通过结合基体分子设计、织物增强结构和陶瓷填料协同作用的多层次结构策略，系统构建了从分子水平到宏观性能的高温耐磨体系，初步证明了聚合物-织物复合衬垫在耐400℃温度方面的突破。通过裁剪聚酰亚胺（PI）基体的链构型，选择3种不同对称度的典型二酐单体，系统揭示了分子构型对PI织物/PI复合材料热稳定性和力学性能的调控机理，为后续高温摩擦学行为的研究奠定了基础。在此基础上，研究了TiB2/BN复合填料体系增强复合材料与GCr15钢在400℃干滑动条件下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明，在400℃时，TiB2/BN-PI织物/sPI复合材料的摩擦系数低至0.06。最终，实现了从分子设计到结构构建和功能性填料协同作用的整个过程的全链性能优化。

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引用次数: 0

CuO-BN hybrid nanofluid for enhanced viscosity, pour point, and flash point of turbine oil CuO-BN混合纳米流体，用于提高涡轮油的粘度、倾点和闪点

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111755

Rashid Pourrajab , Mohammad Behbahani , Mohammad karim Rezaei asl

This study primarily focuses on the fundamental thermophysical and rheological properties as a critical first step in evaluating the nanofluids' potential. Amid the pursuit of advanced lubricants for industrial operations—most notably gas turbines—this study rigorously examines how incorporating Copper Oxide (CuO) and Boron Nitride (BN) nanoparticles, both as single and hybrid additives, modifies the thermophysical and rheological performance of turbine oil. Experimental formulations spanned nanoparticle concentrations from 500 to 2000 mg/L and were evaluated at temperatures between 50 and 80 °C, with viscosity assessed across shear rates of 70–200 rpm. The maximum enhancement in dynamic viscosity for the CuO nanofluid and the CuO-BN hybrid nanofluid relative to the base oil was 37.2 % (at 1500 ppm, 70°C, and 70 rpm) and 20.2 % (at 1500 ppm, 80°C, and 150 rpm), respectively. Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles increased the flash point by up to 7.7 % and substantially reduced the pour point by up to 60 % compared to unmodified oil. Collectively, these results affirm the efficacy of hybrid nanoparticle strategies in optimising both the operational performance and safety margins of turbine lubricants. These findings are consistent with existing literature reporting the beneficial effects of nanomaterials on the rheological and thermal performance of lubricants. This study primarily focuses on the fundamental thermophysical and rheological properties as a critical first step in evaluating the nanofluids' potential. The optimal nanoparticle concentration range of 1000--1500 mg/L suggests practical applicability for enhancing lubrication efficiency and operational performance in turbine systems.

本研究主要关注基本的热物理和流变特性，作为评估纳米流体潜力的关键的第一步。在工业操作（最著名的是燃气轮机）对先进润滑油的追求中，本研究严格检查了氧化铜（CuO）和氮化硼（BN）纳米颗粒作为单一和混合添加剂如何改变涡轮油的热物理和流变性能。实验配方的纳米颗粒浓度从500到2000 mg/L不等，温度在50到80°C之间进行评估，粘度在70-200 rpm的剪切速率下进行评估。相对于基础油，CuO纳米流体和CuO- bn混合纳米流体的最大动态粘度增强分别为37.2% %（在1500 ppm、70°C和70 rpm时）和20.2% %（在1500 ppm、80°C和150 rpm时）。此外，与未改性的油相比，纳米颗粒的存在使闪点提高了7.7 %，并使倾点大幅降低了60 %。总的来说，这些结果证实了混合纳米颗粒策略在优化涡轮润滑油的运行性能和安全边际方面的有效性。这些发现与现有文献报道的纳米材料对润滑剂流变学和热性能的有益影响是一致的。本研究主要关注基本的热物理和流变特性，作为评估纳米流体潜力的关键的第一步。最佳纳米颗粒浓度范围为1000—1500 mg/L，对于提高涡轮系统的润滑效率和运行性能具有实际适用性。

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引用次数: 0

A dynamic model of three-point contact ball bearings integrated with a finite element flexible cage model 结合有限元柔性保持架模型的三点接触球轴承动力学模型

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111728

Shuaiyu Pang , Siqi Guo , Haibo Zhang , Rui Tang , He Liang , Wenzhong Wang

In three-point contact ball bearings (TPCBB), the collision between balls and pockets play an important role in bearing dynamic performance. On one hand, the collision force may cause the cage to deform, which in turn will change the collision force. On the other hand, the collision force causes changes in the stress distribution of the cage, which may lead to fatigue failure of the cage. However, most existing models have ignored these effects. A new bearing dynamic model integrating a finite element cage model is established, which can comprehensively consider the pocket and cage deformation. The model is validated via commercial finite element software and experiments. In comparison with the rigid cage model, the effect of cage flexibility on the dynamic behavior of the bearing is examined through key parameters such as the actual pocket clearance, strain energy, and curvature radius of the contact area. The proposed model offers potential benefits for optimizing cage structure and mitigating cage failures in TPCBBs.

在三点接触球轴承（TPCBB）中，球与袋之间的碰撞对轴承动态性能起着重要作用。一方面，碰撞力可能会使保持架变形，从而改变碰撞力。另一方面，碰撞力使保持架的应力分布发生变化，可能导致保持架的疲劳失效。然而，大多数现有模型都忽略了这些影响。建立了一种集成有限元保持架模型的新型轴承动力学模型，该模型可以综合考虑保持架和轴承的变形。通过商业有限元软件和实验对模型进行了验证。与刚性保持架模型相比，通过实际袋隙、应变能和接触区域曲率半径等关键参数，研究了保持架柔性对轴承动态行为的影响。所提出的模型为优化笼型结构和减少笼型失效提供了潜在的好处。

引用次数: 0

High-entropy (MgCoNiCuZn)O5 ceramic coatings by sol-gel method: Tribological and protective properties over a wide temperature range 溶胶-凝胶法制备高熵（MgCoNiCuZn）O5陶瓷涂层：宽温度范围内的摩擦学和防护性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111754

Xiaoxian Zhang , Yanping Wu , Yanjun Ma , Lei Chen , Hongxuan Li

Aerospace, energy, and automotive thermal-structural components urgently require protective coatings with wide-temperature wear resistance and scalable fabrication. High-entropy oxide (HEO) ceramic coatings are ideal for harsh environments, but existing fabrication process are energy-intensive and costly. Besides, systematic investigations on their temperature-dependent tribological and oxidation-resistant properties remain scarce. Herein, we developed a room temperature spraying sol-gel method to deposit (MgCoNiCuZn)O₅ HEO coatings on Inconel 718, achieving precise phase/microstructure control (single rock-salt structure, uniform element distribution, adhesion strength 33.26 MPa, surface roughness 271 nm). The core mechanism for exceptional wide-temperature wear resistance is a temperature-triggered reversible phase transition: secondary phases (CuO as lubricant, Co₂O₃ as wear-resistant phase) precipitate at 600–800 ℃ during friction, while re-dissolving into the matrix at 1000 ℃ to restore the single rock-salt phase. The minimum wear rate in 25–1000 ℃ is 0.37 × 10⁻⁵ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹. Cyclic oxidation tests showed mild mass gain at 600–1000 ℃ (oxidation activation energy 139.7 kJ/mol, R²=0.9991) and wear rate ≤ 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹ without catastrophic failures. High-temperature in-situ XRD and thermogravimetric analysis confirm excellent thermal stability. This study addresses HEO coatings’ low-temperature synthesis limitations, clarifies the temperature-dependent wear mechanism of (MgCoNiCuZn)O₅ coatings, and provides a viable engineering application approach.

航空航天、能源和汽车热结构部件迫切需要具有宽温度耐磨性和可扩展制造的保护涂层。高熵氧化物（HEO）陶瓷涂层是恶劣环境的理想选择，但现有的制造工艺是能源密集型和昂贵的。此外，对其温度相关的摩擦学和抗氧化性能的系统研究仍然很少。本文采用室温喷涂溶胶-凝胶法在Inconel 718表面沉积（MgCoNiCuZn）O5 HEO涂层，实现了相/微观结构的精确控制（单岩盐结构，元素分布均匀，附合力33.26 MPa，表面粗糙度271 nm）。超宽温耐磨性的核心机制是温度触发的可逆相变：在600 ~ 800℃摩擦时，二次相（CuO作为润滑剂，Co2O3作为耐磨相）析出，在1000℃时重新溶解到基体中，恢复为单一岩盐相。25 ~ 1000℃的最小磨损率为0.37 × 10−5 mm3·N−1·m−1。循环氧化试验表明，在600 ~ 1000℃条件下，氧化活化能139.7 kJ/mol, R2=0.9991，质量轻度增加，磨损率≤ 7.2 × 10−5 mm3·N−1·m−1，无灾难性失效。高温原位XRD和热重分析证实了优异的热稳定性。本研究解决了HEO涂层的低温合成局限性，阐明了（MgCoNiCuZn）O5涂层的温度依赖磨损机理，并提供了可行的工程应用途径。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of material removal profile in ultra-precision small tool polishing based on a hybrid mechanical–hydrodynamic removal mechanism 基于机械-流体动力混合去除机制的超精密小刀具抛光材料去除曲线预测

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111747

Ning Kang , Shaohui Yin , Rong Li , Renchen Zhou , Xipeng Guo , Qiu Hong

Accurate prediction of the material removal profile (MRP) is crucial for achieving high-efficiency ultra-precision polishing of optical elements. This study proposes a hybrid mechanical–hydrodynamic removal mechanism that explicitly incorporates the material removal contribution of the polishing slurry into the ultra-precision small tool polishing process. Based on this mechanism, an MRP predictive model is developed by coupling the nonlinear elastic behavior of the polishing cloth with the shear-thinning behavior of the polishing slurry, and is experimentally validated under various polishing conditions. The predicted MRPs show non-uniform material removal with an elliptical-like shape, an asymmetric distribution along the X direction, and a Gaussian-like profile along the Y direction. These results agree well with experimental measurements, with an overall mean prediction error of 3.6 % across multiple indicators. The effects of polishing force and spindle speed on MRP are also examined. Increasing the polishing force from 1.5 N to 4.5 N and the spindle speed from 180 rpm to 720 rpm leads to notable increases in key MRP characteristics, including length, width, removal depth, and removal volume. This behavior arises because higher polishing force increases the contact pressure and expands the mechanical removal area, whereas higher spindle speed increases the relative velocity and the Preston coefficient and enlarges the hydrodynamic removal domain. This study provides accurate MRP prediction and improves understanding of material removal mechanisms in ultra-precision polishing processes.

准确预测材料去除轮廓（MRP）是实现光学元件高效超精密抛光的关键。本研究提出了一种机械-流体动力混合去除机制，明确地将抛光浆的材料去除贡献纳入超精密小工具抛光过程中。基于该机理，将抛光布的非线性弹性行为与抛光浆的剪切减薄行为耦合，建立了MRP预测模型，并在不同抛光条件下进行了实验验证。预测的mrp显示材料去除不均匀，呈椭圆形，沿X方向不对称分布，沿Y方向呈高斯分布。这些结果与实验测量结果吻合良好，多个指标的总体平均预测误差为3.6% %。研究了抛光力和主轴转速对MRP的影响。将抛光力从1.5 N增加到4.5 N，主轴转速从180 rpm增加到720 rpm，可以显著提高MRP的关键特性，包括长度、宽度、去除深度和去除体积。这是因为较高的抛光力增加了接触压力，扩大了机械去除面积，而较高的主轴转速增加了相对速度和普雷斯顿系数，扩大了流体动力去除范围。该研究提供了准确的MRP预测，并提高了对超精密抛光过程中材料去除机制的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Atomic-scale simulations of nanoscratching behavior on copper coated with multilayer WSe2 多层WSe2涂层铜表面纳米划痕行为的原子尺度模拟

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111753

Yongda Yan , Guangrui Zhao , Zihan Li , Yanquan Geng

WSe₂ exhibits excellent potential for reducing friction and resisting wear, making it suitable for application as a solid lubricant. In this study, the tribological properties of Cu coated with WSe₂ layers of varying thicknesses were investigated via nanoscale molecular dynamics simulations. Indentation tests were conducted on WSe₂-coated Cu with 0–3 layers to explore its mechanical response. Additionally, scratching processes at different indentation depths were performed, and the nanoscale friction morphology, mechanical response, defect propagation, and stress distribution were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that during the indentation process, the protective effect of WSe₂ coatings enhances with an increase in the number of layers. During scratching at small indentation depths, multilayer WSe₂ enables stick-slip friction to persist to a greater indentation depth as the number of WSe₂ layers increases. At relatively large scratching depths, an increase in the number of layers leads to initial fracture of the top atomic layer; due to stress release, the bottom WSe₂ layer undergoes rebound, which mitigates the impact of plastic damage on the Cu substrate. Furthermore, the failure mode of the topmost WSe₂ layer differs between monolayer and multilayer systems: in monolayer systems, WSe₂ mainly fails via zigzag-direction crack propagation and wrinkle formation; in multilayer systems, it tends to fracture into debris, as the interlayer interaction is stronger than that at the WSe₂/Cu interface. This work provides important theoretical support for the design of wear-resistant WSe₂ coatings, which are expected to be applied to small-scale components in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS).

WSe2在减少摩擦和抗磨损方面表现出优异的潜力，使其适合用作固体润滑剂。在本研究中，通过纳米尺度的分子动力学模拟研究了不同厚度的WSe2涂层Cu的摩擦学性能。对0-3层wse2包覆Cu进行压痕试验，探讨其力学响应。此外，在不同的压痕深度下进行了刮擦过程，并分析了纳米尺度的摩擦形貌、力学响应、缺陷扩展和应力分布。仿真结果表明，在压痕过程中，WSe2涂层的防护效果随着层数的增加而增强。在小压痕深度的刮擦过程中，随着WSe2层数的增加，多层WSe2使粘滑摩擦持续到更大的压痕深度。在较大的划痕深度下，层数的增加导致顶层原子层的初始断裂；由于应力释放，底部WSe2层发生回弹，减轻了塑性损伤对Cu衬底的影响。此外，单层和多层体系中最上层WSe2层的破坏模式不同：单层体系中，WSe2主要以之字形裂纹扩展和褶皱形成的方式破坏；在多层体系中，由于层间的相互作用比WSe2/Cu界面处的相互作用更强，它倾向于断裂成碎屑。该研究为WSe2耐磨涂层的设计提供了重要的理论支持，该涂层有望应用于微/纳米机电系统（MEMS/NEMS）的小尺寸部件。

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引用次数: 0

MoSi2-induced in-situ phase reinforcement in oscillating laser-directed energy deposited CoNiCrAlY coatings: Mechanism of enhanced high-temperature wear resistance 振荡激光定向能沉积CoNiCrAlY涂层中mosi2诱导原位相增强：增强高温耐磨性的机理

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111745

Cheng Deng , Yuanlun Yang , Chunqiang Wang , Yongping Cai , Yunzhen Xu , Xinhua Wang , Zhenxin Zheng , Shengfeng Zhou

To enhance the high-temperature wear resistance of MCrAlY coatings, 10 wt% MoSi₂ particles were incorporated into a CoNiCrAlY coating via oscillating laser-directed energy deposition (OL-DED). The wear behavior of the coatings was systematically evaluated at room temperature, 500°C, and 900°C. Results indicate that the highly dynamic OL-DED molten pool promotes complete decomposition of MoSi₂, leading to uniform diffusion of Mo and Si and the in-situ formation of high-hardness (Cr, Mo)₃(Co, Ni)₅Si₂ and β phases uniformly dispersed within the γ-phase matrix. This microstructure provides synergistic wear resistance: the hard phases resist abrasion and plastic deformation, while the soft γ-phase absorbs strain energy. Increased hard-phase content also raises overall hardness, inhibiting subsurface deformation and preventing crack propagation in the protective oxide scale. Compared to the baseline CoNiCrAlY coating, the CoNiCrAlY-10MoSi₂ coating exhibits a lower friction coefficient and wear rate at all temperatures, with advantages becoming more pronounced at high temperatures. At 900°C, its average friction coefficient decreases significantly from 1.19 to 0.89, and the wear rate decreases from 0.62 × 10⁻⁴ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹ to 0.48 × 10⁻⁴ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹, a reduction of approximately 29.2 %.

为了提高MCrAlY涂层的高温耐磨性，通过振荡激光定向能沉积（OL-DED）将10个 wt%的MoSi2颗粒掺入CoNiCrAlY涂层中。在室温、500°C和900°C下系统地评估了涂层的磨损行为。结果表明：高动态OL-DED熔池促进MoSi2完全分解，Mo和Si均匀扩散，形成高硬度（Cr, Mo）3(Co, Ni)5Si2和β相，均匀分散在γ相基体内；这种微观结构提供了协同耐磨性：硬相抵抗磨损和塑性变形，而软γ相吸收应变能。增加的硬相含量也提高了整体硬度，抑制了地下变形，防止了保护氧化层中的裂纹扩展。与基线CoNiCrAlY涂层相比，CoNiCrAlY- 10mosi2涂层在所有温度下都具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损率，并且在高温下优势更加明显。在900℃时，其平均摩擦系数从1.19显著降低到0.89，磨损率从0.62 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1降低到0.48 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1，降低幅度约为29.2 %。

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