Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111578
J. Vincent, B. Chevrier, S. Philippon
To meet stringent reduction targets, aircraft engine efficiency must be improved by minimizing inter-stage leakage, which can be reached via abradable coatings. However, premature wear of these coatings can significantly diminish overall performance of the turbojet engine. To understand wear mechanisms activation, a ballistic bench-based test rig has been developed over the years in order to enable blade/abradable linear interaction tests while exerting precise control over contact speed, coating temperature, and depth of incursion (DoI). By considering that only single touch interaction tests are permitted throughout this facility, the main objective was to perform interaction tests with the smallest, yet constant, depth of incursion. A novel projectile design, associated to a guidance system, have been able to meet this requirement. This research study focuses also on further developments concerning enhanced high-speed imaging and temperature distribution over the abradable coating specimens. It aims to deliver deeper insights into the multi-physical phenomena at play during blade/abradable contact, providing clearer correlations between test parameters and observed wear behavior.
{"title":"Blade/abradable test rig enhancement for the study of contacts at very high speed, high temperature under controlled incursion depth","authors":"J. Vincent, B. Chevrier, S. Philippon","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet stringent <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> reduction targets, aircraft engine efficiency must be improved by minimizing inter-stage leakage, which can be reached via abradable coatings. However, premature wear of these coatings can significantly diminish overall performance of the turbojet engine. To understand wear mechanisms activation, a ballistic bench-based test rig has been developed over the years in order to enable blade/abradable linear interaction tests while exerting precise control over contact speed, coating temperature, and depth of incursion (DoI). By considering that only single touch interaction tests are permitted throughout this facility, the main objective was to perform interaction tests with the smallest, yet constant, depth of incursion. A novel projectile design, associated to a guidance system, have been able to meet this requirement. This research study focuses also on further developments concerning enhanced high-speed imaging and temperature distribution over the abradable coating specimens. It aims to deliver deeper insights into the multi-physical phenomena at play during blade/abradable contact, providing clearer correlations between test parameters and observed wear behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The CoNiCrMo-based high-entropy amorphous alloy coatings with different Nb contents were fabricated using the HVAF spraying technology. The addition of Nb significantly enhanced the coating properties, including hardness, elastic modulus, resistance to plastic deformation, and wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanisms of the fabricated coatings at room temperature were identified as oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear. The incorporation of Nb promoted the formation of an oxide layer on the friction interface, which reduced both the running-in period and the steady-state friction coefficient. The coatings exhibited excellent structural stability under the combined action of friction stress and thermal exposure. The subsurface region of the wear track remained predominantly amorphous, with finely dispersed (Cr, Mo)xB precipitates (25–52 nm in size) formed within the amorphous matrix. It resulted in a composite microstructure consisting of hard (Cr, Mo)xB phases embedded in the soft amorphous matrix, which not only improved the load-bearing capacity of the coating but also promoted strain delocalization in the subsurface region during the wear process.
{"title":"Study on the role of Nb addition on the tribological behavior of CoNiCrMo-based high entropy amorphous alloy coatings fabricated by HVAF","authors":"Baosen Zhang , Shuaishuai Zhu , Chao Zhang , Xuewei Tao , Caidong Xie , Ziyan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CoNiCrMo-based high-entropy amorphous alloy coatings with different Nb contents were fabricated using the HVAF spraying technology. The addition of Nb significantly enhanced the coating properties, including hardness, elastic modulus, resistance to plastic deformation, and wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanisms of the fabricated coatings at room temperature were identified as oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear. The incorporation of Nb promoted the formation of an oxide layer on the friction interface, which reduced both the running-in period and the steady-state friction coefficient. The coatings exhibited excellent structural stability under the combined action of friction stress and thermal exposure. The subsurface region of the wear track remained predominantly amorphous, with finely dispersed (Cr, Mo)<sub>x</sub>B precipitates (25–52 nm in size) formed within the amorphous matrix. It resulted in a composite microstructure consisting of hard (Cr, Mo)<sub>x</sub>B phases embedded in the soft amorphous matrix, which not only improved the load-bearing capacity of the coating but also promoted strain delocalization in the subsurface region during the wear process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111541
Arshad Kalathil Ashik , Carmine Putignano , Daniele Dini
Porous interfaces are ubiquitous in nature. Their load bearing capacity, typical of e.g. articular cartilage, has often been exploited by engineers to develop porous bearings, whose design and operation must account for the flow of the lubricating medium through the contacting interface. Improper fluid transport to a porous bearing can damage its internal network and lead to operational failure. Depending on the operating conditions, the bearing transitions between boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. To accurately understand fluid flow behaviour, both the porous bearing and the lubricating fluid must be analysed as a coupled system. In this work, we developed a new fluid–solid coupled soft porous bearing model that can be used to study all lubricating conditions, analyse the fluid flow pattern, and evaluate the function and load bearing capacity of the porous interface. We also propose an approximate relation between flow factors and permeability, which captures the sealing effect that contacting asperities introduce and is used to incorporate varying permeability along the contact interface. Additionally, the model takes into account surface roughness and both fluid and solid pressures in the film thickness calculation. This coupled approach offers key insights into the interplay between the flow of the lubricant into the porous medium and the fluid film by predicting when the lubricant begins to enter the porous bearing and by explicitly capturing interactions in the contact region through which it interacts with the porous network. The model predicts a non-linear increase in fluid flow into the bearing as the porous bearing operates in the hydrodynamic regime. Overall, this numerical model provides a deeper understanding of fundamental lubrication mechanisms and serves as a valuable tool for analysing and designing soft bearings for industrial and biomedical applications, including human joints.
{"title":"Computational modelling of fluid transport in poroelastic interfaces","authors":"Arshad Kalathil Ashik , Carmine Putignano , Daniele Dini","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous interfaces are ubiquitous in nature. Their load bearing capacity, typical of e.g. articular cartilage, has often been exploited by engineers to develop porous bearings, whose design and operation must account for the flow of the lubricating medium through the contacting interface. Improper fluid transport to a porous bearing can damage its internal network and lead to operational failure. Depending on the operating conditions, the bearing transitions between boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. To accurately understand fluid flow behaviour, both the porous bearing and the lubricating fluid must be analysed as a coupled system. In this work, we developed a new fluid–solid coupled soft porous bearing model that can be used to study all lubricating conditions, analyse the fluid flow pattern, and evaluate the function and load bearing capacity of the porous interface. We also propose an approximate relation between flow factors and permeability, which captures the sealing effect that contacting asperities introduce and is used to incorporate varying permeability along the contact interface. Additionally, the model takes into account surface roughness and both fluid and solid pressures in the film thickness calculation. This coupled approach offers key insights into the interplay between the flow of the lubricant into the porous medium and the fluid film by predicting when the lubricant begins to enter the porous bearing and by explicitly capturing interactions in the contact region through which it interacts with the porous network. The model predicts a non-linear increase in fluid flow into the bearing as the porous bearing operates in the hydrodynamic regime. Overall, this numerical model provides a deeper understanding of fundamental lubrication mechanisms and serves as a valuable tool for analysing and designing soft bearings for industrial and biomedical applications, including human joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111577
Ufuk Taşcı , Yafes Çavuş , Taha Alper Yılmaz , Halil Karakoç , Şener Karabulut
In this work, B319 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 5 and 10 wt% TiC were fabricated via high-energy ball milling followed by hot pressing. The effects of TiC content on microstructure, hardness, tribological behavior, and drilling machinability were systematically evaluated. Incorporating TiC refined the microstructure and increased hardness from 84.4 to 102.5 HV0.5 (≈21 % improvement), while relative density showed only a slight reduction. Under dry sliding conditions, wear loss and specific wear rate decreased by 52 % and 36 %, respectively, accompanied by a reduction in the coefficient of friction from 0.548 to 0.484. Drilling tests revealed that feed rate exerted a stronger influence on thrust force and torque than cutting speed, with the most favorable machinability obtained at 100 m/min and 0.05 mm/rev. Overall, 5 wt% TiC reinforcement offered the optimal balance of wear resistance and machinability, demonstrating the dual functional role of TiC in enhancing both tribological and machining performance of powder-metallurgy B319 composites.
{"title":"Integrated evaluation of wear and drilling behavior in TiC-reinforced B319 aluminum composites","authors":"Ufuk Taşcı , Yafes Çavuş , Taha Alper Yılmaz , Halil Karakoç , Şener Karabulut","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, B319 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 5 and 10 wt% TiC were fabricated via high-energy ball milling followed by hot pressing. The effects of TiC content on microstructure, hardness, tribological behavior, and drilling machinability were systematically evaluated. Incorporating TiC refined the microstructure and increased hardness from 84.4 to 102.5 HV0.5 (≈21 % improvement), while relative density showed only a slight reduction. Under dry sliding conditions, wear loss and specific wear rate decreased by 52 % and 36 %, respectively, accompanied by a reduction in the coefficient of friction from 0.548 to 0.484. Drilling tests revealed that feed rate exerted a stronger influence on thrust force and torque than cutting speed, with the most favorable machinability obtained at 100 m/min and 0.05 mm/rev. Overall, 5 wt% TiC reinforcement offered the optimal balance of wear resistance and machinability, demonstrating the dual functional role of TiC in enhancing both tribological and machining performance of powder-metallurgy B319 composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111571
Zhihao Chen , Jian Wu , Qiandiao Wei , Benlong Su , Youshan Wang
Amorphous carbon coatings exhibit excellent anti-wear and self-lubricating properties; the structural variations and elemental doping result in complex and variable tribological behavior. To further understand these effects, titanium (Ti) doping was employed to modulate the atomic structure and frictional behavior of amorphous carbon coatings with different densities through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the morphology of Ti atoms depends on both the doping ratio and coating density. Moderate Ti incorporation promotes Ti-C bond formation and enhances the sp3 C ratio, improving structural stability and reducing interfacial adhesion with counterparts, whereas excessive Ti induces sp2 C enrichment and weakens load resistance. Quantitatively, an appropriate Ti doping ratio reduces the average friction force and wear rate of selected amorphous carbon coatings by approximately 25 % and 30 %, respectively. These findings elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms of Ti-C interactions and provide theoretical guidance for optimizing Ti-doped amorphous carbon coatings for aerospace sealing systems.
{"title":"Microstructural and tribological evolution of Ti-doped amorphous carbon coatings with varying structures","authors":"Zhihao Chen , Jian Wu , Qiandiao Wei , Benlong Su , Youshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amorphous carbon coatings exhibit excellent anti-wear and self-lubricating properties; the structural variations and elemental doping result in complex and variable tribological behavior. To further understand these effects, titanium (Ti) doping was employed to modulate the atomic structure and frictional behavior of amorphous carbon coatings with different densities through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the morphology of Ti atoms depends on both the doping ratio and coating density. Moderate Ti incorporation promotes Ti-C bond formation and enhances the sp<sup>3</sup> C ratio, improving structural stability and reducing interfacial adhesion with counterparts, whereas excessive Ti induces sp<sup>2</sup> C enrichment and weakens load resistance. Quantitatively, an appropriate Ti doping ratio reduces the average friction force and wear rate of selected amorphous carbon coatings by approximately 25 % and 30 %, respectively. These findings elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms of Ti-C interactions and provide theoretical guidance for optimizing Ti-doped amorphous carbon coatings for aerospace sealing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111571"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111576
Zhao Li , Wenchao Tian , Liangchen Bai , Zhiqiang Chen , Yongkun Wang
Cu-Cu solid-state bonding technology is key to achieving three-dimensional (3D) integration. However, traditional Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding always requires high temperature, high pressure, and long operating time due to the limitations of easy oxidation and surface roughness of Cu. In this study, the molecular dynamics (MD) model of Cu-Cu ultrasonic bonding is proposed. The influences of typical ultrasonic parameters (compression rate, ultrasonic frequency, and ultrasonic amplitude) on atomic diffusion and friction temperature are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that appropriate ultrasonic parameters have a beneficial effect on the interfacial thickness and friction temperature. The ultrasonic bonding is more effective in promoting Cu atomic diffusion at a lower temperature compared with thermocompression bonding. The interfacial voids closed by bonding pressure and atomic diffusion promoted by ultrasonic load are the two main mechanisms of Cu-Cu ultrasonic bonding. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for optimizing the ultrasonic process of Cu-Cu solid-state bonding from an atomic perspective.
{"title":"Investigations on the interfacial diffusion and friction temperature during Cu-Cu ultrasonic bonding by molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Zhao Li , Wenchao Tian , Liangchen Bai , Zhiqiang Chen , Yongkun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-Cu solid-state bonding technology is key to achieving three-dimensional (3D) integration. However, traditional Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding always requires high temperature, high pressure, and long operating time due to the limitations of easy oxidation and surface roughness of Cu. In this study, the molecular dynamics (MD) model of Cu-Cu ultrasonic bonding is proposed. The influences of typical ultrasonic parameters (compression rate, ultrasonic frequency, and ultrasonic amplitude) on atomic diffusion and friction temperature are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that appropriate ultrasonic parameters have a beneficial effect on the interfacial thickness and friction temperature. The ultrasonic bonding is more effective in promoting Cu atomic diffusion at a lower temperature compared with thermocompression bonding. The interfacial voids closed by bonding pressure and atomic diffusion promoted by ultrasonic load are the two main mechanisms of Cu-Cu ultrasonic bonding. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for optimizing the ultrasonic process of Cu-Cu solid-state bonding from an atomic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111553
Lan Yuankuo , Guo Wenmin , Yu Songbai , Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Yixu , Wang Xinfeng , Zhao Shan , Liu Guozheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Liu Bin
During the hole-forming process of seamless steel pipes, piercing plugs are prone to failure under extreme service conditions, including high stress, severe friction and wear, and high-temperature oxidation. In this study, Fe18Co24Cr20Ni23Mo7Nb3W1Si2C2 spherical powder was fabricated via nitrogen gas atomization, and a coating was deposited on the H13 steel using laser cladding technology. The phase structure and microstructural thermal stability of the laser-cladded coating were systematically characterized, and the wear mechanisms of the coating at room temperature and elevated temperatures were thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the laser-cladded coating exhibits a typical dendritic structure, primarily composed of a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution and a Laves phase. With an increase in annealing temperature, the content of the Laves phase increases slightly, leading to the formation of a continuous network skeleton within the coating. The wear rate of H13 steel increases significantly with rising test temperature, whereas the laser-cladded coating exhibits the opposite trend. At 800 °C, the volume wear rate of the coating is merely 0.23 times that of H13 steel, indicating outstanding high-temperature wear resistance. The wear mechanisms of the coating at room temperature and elevated temperatures include oxidation wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear. The dense oxide layer formed on the coating surface at high temperatures significantly reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate. The coating exhibits remarkable high-temperature wear resistance primarily attributable to its superior high-temperature strength and toughness, a dense oxide tribolayer, and a low friction coefficient.
{"title":"High-temperature wear behavior of precipitation-strengthened high-entropy alloy composite coatings developed by laser cladding technology","authors":"Lan Yuankuo , Guo Wenmin , Yu Songbai , Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Yixu , Wang Xinfeng , Zhao Shan , Liu Guozheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Liu Bin","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the hole-forming process of seamless steel pipes, piercing plugs are prone to failure under extreme service conditions, including high stress, severe friction and wear, and high-temperature oxidation. In this study, Fe<sub>18</sub>Co<sub>24</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>23</sub>Mo<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>W<sub>1</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> spherical powder was fabricated via nitrogen gas atomization, and a coating was deposited on the H13 steel using laser cladding technology. The phase structure and microstructural thermal stability of the laser-cladded coating were systematically characterized, and the wear mechanisms of the coating at room temperature and elevated temperatures were thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the laser-cladded coating exhibits a typical dendritic structure, primarily composed of a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution and a Laves phase. With an increase in annealing temperature, the content of the Laves phase increases slightly, leading to the formation of a continuous network skeleton within the coating. The wear rate of H13 steel increases significantly with rising test temperature, whereas the laser-cladded coating exhibits the opposite trend. At 800 °C, the volume wear rate of the coating is merely 0.23 times that of H13 steel, indicating outstanding high-temperature wear resistance. The wear mechanisms of the coating at room temperature and elevated temperatures include oxidation wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear. The dense oxide layer formed on the coating surface at high temperatures significantly reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate. The coating exhibits remarkable high-temperature wear resistance primarily attributable to its superior high-temperature strength and toughness, a dense oxide tribolayer, and a low friction coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111563
Zaihao Tian , Matthew Pugh , Terence Harvey , Jo Grundy , Robert Wood
This paper presents insights into the formation and progression of pitting in rolling-sliding contacts of bearing steels. Experiments were conducted using a TE74 twin-disc tribometer under lubricated conditions with two slide-to-roll ratios (SRR) of 10 % and 20 %. Macropits were generated under both conditions; however, at 10 % SRR, pitting was dominant, whereas at 20 % SRR, increased sliding promoted surface wear that suppressed pit initiation. Vibration signals were recorded and analysed to correlate with surface measurements. The results showed that pitting increased band power at characteristic pitting frequencies and reduced spectral entropy. Mapping vibration signals on a per-rotation basis enabled estimation of pit locations, showing good agreement with measured surface pits. This approach also allowed the detection of pit initiation at an earlier stage than frequency-domain features. These findings indicate that vibration-based monitoring can effectively capture pitting evolution and severity, providing a basis for quantitative feature extraction and automated detection methods.
{"title":"Monitoring and mapping of pitting in bearing steel contacts via vibration-based analysis","authors":"Zaihao Tian , Matthew Pugh , Terence Harvey , Jo Grundy , Robert Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents insights into the formation and progression of pitting in rolling-sliding contacts of bearing steels. Experiments were conducted using a TE74 twin-disc tribometer under lubricated conditions with two slide-to-roll ratios (SRR) of 10 % and 20 %. Macropits were generated under both conditions; however, at 10 % SRR, pitting was dominant, whereas at 20 % SRR, increased sliding promoted surface wear that suppressed pit initiation. Vibration signals were recorded and analysed to correlate with surface measurements. The results showed that pitting increased band power at characteristic pitting frequencies and reduced spectral entropy. Mapping vibration signals on a per-rotation basis enabled estimation of pit locations, showing good agreement with measured surface pits. This approach also allowed the detection of pit initiation at an earlier stage than frequency-domain features. These findings indicate that vibration-based monitoring can effectively capture pitting evolution and severity, providing a basis for quantitative feature extraction and automated detection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111556
Sisi Liu , Ping Liu , Tengfei Liu , Xing Gao , Chenlong Shi , Sheng Su , Hailin Lu
This study presents a composite modification strategy combining underwater laser pretreatment with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys in harsh marine and high-humidity environments. Underwater laser processing, utilizing its high thermal conductivity and fluid encapsulation effect, rapidly dissipates heat from the molten zone, effectively alleviating thermal stress and promoting grain refinement in the molten pool. This results in a more uniform and defect-free surface structure, providing favorable conditions for the dense deposition of Al₂O₃ during the MAO process. Coating characterization results show that the average coating thickness of the underwater laser composite MAO coating increased to 16.78 µm, while the average hardness reached 390.49 HV. Additionally, the average porosity decreased to 1.36 %, and the average surface roughness dropped to 1.36 µm. Friction testing revealed that the volumetric wear rate of the MAO coating prepared in an aqueous medium, under a 5 N load, was reduced to 0.812 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ /(N·m), a 63.98 % decrease compared to the 2.254 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ /(N·m) in air. This method significantly improves the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys, providing an effective technological approach for their long-term applications in marine engineering and high-end equipment.
{"title":"Study on the improvement of aluminum alloy coating performance by underwater laser pretreatment and micro-arc oxidation","authors":"Sisi Liu , Ping Liu , Tengfei Liu , Xing Gao , Chenlong Shi , Sheng Su , Hailin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a composite modification strategy combining underwater laser pretreatment with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys in harsh marine and high-humidity environments. Underwater laser processing, utilizing its high thermal conductivity and fluid encapsulation effect, rapidly dissipates heat from the molten zone, effectively alleviating thermal stress and promoting grain refinement in the molten pool. This results in a more uniform and defect-free surface structure, providing favorable conditions for the dense deposition of Al₂O₃ during the MAO process. Coating characterization results show that the average coating thickness of the underwater laser composite MAO coating increased to 16.78 µm, while the average hardness reached 390.49 HV. Additionally, the average porosity decreased to 1.36 %, and the average surface roughness dropped to 1.36 µm. Friction testing revealed that the volumetric wear rate of the MAO coating prepared in an aqueous medium, under a 5 N load, was reduced to 0.812 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ /(N·m), a 63.98 % decrease compared to the 2.254 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ /(N·m) in air. This method significantly improves the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys, providing an effective technological approach for their long-term applications in marine engineering and high-end equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent properties of Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) crystal structure in titanium alloys significantly limits the effectiveness of room-temperature burnishing, thereby restricting performance optimization. By introducing a low-temperature field combined with ball burnishing, the microstructure is optimized and the corrosion and wear properties are improved. TA2 titanium alloy samples were processed via cool-assisted ball burnishing across a temperature range of −110 °C to 25 °C, followed by systematic electrochemical corrosion and tribological tests. The sample burnished at −110 °C exhibited a improvement in surface characteristics, and achieved a 95.32 % reduction in surface roughness, a 45.15 % increase in hardness, and a hardened layer depth of 400μm. Electrochemical measurements revealed a positive shift in corrosion potential from −0.683 V to −0.341 V, accompanied by a 85.74 % reduction in corrosion current density and an approximately 12-fold increase in polarization resistance (3.167 ×10⁶ Ω·cm²), confirming its superior corrosion resistance. Under various tribological loads, the −110 °C ball burnished sample exhibited the narrowest width and shallowest depth in wear scars, corresponding to a transition from three-body to two-body abrasion and confirming its superior wear resistance. These improvements are attributed to suppressed dynamic recovery and microstructural refinement under cool-assisted field, establishing this method as effective for marine surface enhancement.
{"title":"Improvements in surface integrity, corrosion and wear resistances of TA2 titanium alloy via cool-assisted ball burnishing","authors":"Wentao Hou , Lingjie Shao , Ning Lou , Zhikang Shen , Zhongyu Piao , Cong Ding , Zhenyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent properties of Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) crystal structure in titanium alloys significantly limits the effectiveness of room-temperature burnishing, thereby restricting performance optimization. By introducing a low-temperature field combined with ball burnishing, the microstructure is optimized and the corrosion and wear properties are improved. TA2 titanium alloy samples were processed via cool-assisted ball burnishing across a temperature range of −110 °C to 25 °C, followed by systematic electrochemical corrosion and tribological tests. The sample burnished at −110 °C exhibited a improvement in surface characteristics, and achieved a 95.32 % reduction in surface roughness, a 45.15 % increase in hardness, and a hardened layer depth of 400μm. Electrochemical measurements revealed a positive shift in corrosion potential from −0.683 V to −0.341 V, accompanied by a 85.74 % reduction in corrosion current density and an approximately 12-fold increase in polarization resistance (3.167 ×10⁶ Ω·cm²), confirming its superior corrosion resistance. Under various tribological loads, the −110 °C ball burnished sample exhibited the narrowest width and shallowest depth in wear scars, corresponding to a transition from three-body to two-body abrasion and confirming its superior wear resistance. These improvements are attributed to suppressed dynamic recovery and microstructural refinement under cool-assisted field, establishing this method as effective for marine surface enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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