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Enhanced interlayer adhesion and regulated tribological behaviors of 3D printed poly(ether ether ketone) by annealing 通过退火增强 3D 打印聚醚醚酮的层间附着力并调节其摩擦学行为
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110362
Zhengwei Lin , Rui Guo , Yang Lyu , Di Liu , Jinqiu Zhu , Liangying Wu , Xiaolong Wang
Most of the current poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) parts manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing are suffering for weak interlayer adhesion and low mechanical strength. Herein, a simplified tactic is adopted, which combined FDM printing with annealing post-treatment, to realize a better mechanical strength, interlayer adhesion and wear resistance of 3D printed PEEK. The freeze-fracture surface of PEEK annealed at 190 ℃ was dense. At the normal load of 30 N, the wear rate of annealed PEEK reached the minimum value of 2.83 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m), with a 34 % reduction. At a higher load of 70 N, the annealed PEEK at 170 ℃ still maintained a low wear rate. Moreover, the annealed PEEK exhibited excellent manufacturing precision and fidelity. The PEEK annealed at 170 ℃ was used to simulate wear within knee-joint cavity and planetary gears were printed for demonstration, which run stably at different working conditions. These findings highlight the significant potential of 3D printed PEEK combined with annealing post-treatment in the applications of heavy-load gear and bionic joint.
目前大多数通过熔融沉积成型(FDM)打印技术制造的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)部件都存在层间附着力弱、机械强度低的问题。在此,我们采用一种简化的方法,将 FDM 打印与退火后处理相结合,实现了 3D 打印 PEEK 更好的机械强度、层间附着力和耐磨性。在 190 ℃ 下退火的 PEEK 冻裂表面致密。在正常载荷为 30 N 时,退火 PEEK 的磨损率达到最小值 2.83 × 10-5 mm3/(N-m),降低了 34%。在 70 N 的较高负载下,170 ℃ 退火的 PEEK 仍能保持较低的磨损率。此外,退火后的 PEEK 还表现出极佳的制造精度和保真度。在 170 ℃ 下退火的 PEEK 被用来模拟膝关节腔内的磨损,并打印出行星齿轮进行演示,这些齿轮在不同的工作条件下都能稳定运行。这些发现凸显了三维打印 PEEK 结合退火后处理技术在重载齿轮和仿生关节应用中的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Wettability and lubricity of borosilicate glass to H13 steel and TZM alloy at 900 ℃ 硼硅玻璃在 900 ℃ 下对 H13 钢和 TZM 合金的润湿性和润滑性
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110360
Xuhui He , Yufei Wang , Minghui Lang , Xianzong Wang , Jianxi Liu , Long Wang , Jun Yang
Lubrication can reduce friction, wear and oxidation of mechanical moving parts to achieve the purpose of maintaining the working stability, high efficiency and long life of the device. Melt lubricants have excellent anti-friction, anti-wear and anti-oxidation properties and are used in the hot metal forming process for steels. TZM alloy is a promising forging die to replace H13 steel in the hot metal forming process. In this study, the high temperature wettability and high temperature tribological performance of borosilicate glass on H13 steel and TZM alloy were studied. The results suggest that the glass has good wettability on the hot H13 steel and promising lubricating with coefficient of friction of 0.06 at 900 ℃. However, the same glass shows poor wettability and lubricating for the TZM alloy. It indicates that high temperature wettability is also one of the key parameters that influence the tribological performance, rather than the well-known high temperature viscosity. Surface and interface characterization indicates that the Fe2O3 induced enrichment of the network modifier Na+ near the substrate surface, the dense and shearable low-oxygen permeable glass film led to the excellent oxidation resistance and lubrication properties in the friction system of H13 steel (pin). The erosion of the borosilicate melt by MoO3 leads to poor adhesion, the phase separation behavior of the glass polymerization zone and the molybdate depolymerization zone. The melting state of the low melting point species make the TZM alloy (pin) friction system exhibit complex friction behavior. This work will provide some guideline for the structure and wettability control for promising high temperature lubricating.
润滑可以减少机械运动部件的摩擦、磨损和氧化,从而达到保持设备工作稳定、高效和长寿命的目的。熔融润滑剂具有优异的抗摩擦、抗磨损和抗氧化性能,可用于钢的热金属成型工艺。TZM 合金是一种很有前途的锻造模具,可在热金属成型工艺中替代 H13 钢。本研究对硼硅玻璃在 H13 钢和 TZM 合金上的高温润湿性和高温摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明,玻璃在热 H13 钢上具有良好的润湿性和润滑性,900 ℃ 时的摩擦系数为 0.06。然而,同样的玻璃对 TZM 合金的润湿性和润滑性较差。这表明高温润湿性也是影响摩擦学性能的关键参数之一,而不是众所周知的高温粘度。表面和界面表征表明,Fe2O3 诱导基体表面附近的网络改性剂 Na+ 富集,致密且可剪切的低氧渗透玻璃膜使 H13 钢(销钉)在摩擦体系中具有优异的抗氧化性和润滑性能。MoO3 对硼硅酸盐熔体的侵蚀导致粘附性变差,玻璃聚合区和钼酸盐解聚区出现相分离行为。低熔点物种的熔化状态使 TZM 合金(销钉)摩擦系统表现出复杂的摩擦行为。这项工作将为结构和润湿性控制提供一些指导,从而有望实现高温润滑。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of substrate stiffness on interfacial Schallamach wave of flexible film/substrate bilayer structure: Cohesive contact insight 基底刚度对柔性薄膜/基底双层结构界面沙拉马赫波的影响:内聚接触洞察
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110358
Shouyao Liu , Jian Wu , Shixue He , Xuebo Yuan , Stanisław Stupkiewicz , Youshan Wang
As the critical feature of the stick-slip for soft materials, the interfacial Schallamach waves of flexible composite structures are essential for smart tactile sensors to realize sliding perception. Herein, the Schallamach waves of polydimethylsiloxane film/substrate bilayer structures with three substrate stiffnesses regulated by porosities are investigated by setting up in-situ sliding tests and establishing finite element models with mixed-mode cohesive contact. Inhomogeneity in microcontact stiffness disrupts the continuity and synchronization of the Schallamach waves, resulting in non-periodic fluctuations in the contact force. The buckling phenomenon of the film structure marks the transition from stick to slip. This buckling induces a shift at the crack front from normal compressive stress to tensile stress, leading to mixed-mode damage.
作为软材料粘滑的关键特征,柔性复合结构的界面沙拉马赫波对于智能触觉传感器实现滑动感知至关重要。本文通过设置原位滑动试验和建立混合模式内聚接触的有限元模型,研究了由孔隙率调节三种基底刚度的聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜/基底双层结构的沙拉马赫波。微接触刚度的不均匀性破坏了沙拉马赫波的连续性和同步性,导致接触力的非周期性波动。薄膜结构的屈曲现象标志着从粘附到滑移的过渡。这种屈曲导致裂纹前沿从正常压应力转向拉应力,从而导致混合模式损坏。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of high-performance epoxy resin as a binder to replace eco-unfriendly phenolic resins in Cu-free brake pads 高性能环氧树脂作为粘合剂取代不环保的酚醛树脂在无铜刹车片中的功效
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110359
Bhaskaranand Bhatt , Umesh Marathe , Navnath Kalel , Jayashree Bijwe
This research explored high-performance epoxy resin (EPR) for the first time as a binder in the formulation of brake pads to overcome the limitations of phenolic resins (short shelf life, harmful emissions, etc.) and compared them to phenolic pads to determine their potential. EPRs offered higher heat resistance, lower density, post-curing free, and longer shelf life. Brake pads (15%, 20%, and 25% epoxy, and 20 vol% phenolic) were assessed for physical, mechanical, thermal, tribological, and noise - vibration (NV) properties. The findings revealed promising tribological and NV performance for epoxy pads, suggesting EPR has the potential to replace phenolic resins in the friction industry.
这项研究首次探索将高性能环氧树脂(EPR)作为制动片配方的粘合剂,以克服酚醛树脂的局限性(保质期短、有害气体排放等),并将其与酚醛制动片进行比较,以确定其潜力。EPR 具有更高的耐热性、更低的密度、无后固化和更长的保质期。对刹车片(15%、20% 和 25% 环氧树脂,以及 20 Vol% 酚醛树脂)的物理、机械、热、摩擦学和噪音-振动(NV)特性进行了评估。研究结果表明,环氧刹车片具有良好的摩擦学和 NV 性能,这表明 EPR 有潜力取代摩擦工业中的酚醛树脂。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Cobalt-removed PDC as the diamond thrust bearing friction pair material: Tribological behavior in water-based drilling fluids” [Tribol Int 189 (2023) 109004] 对 "作为金刚石推力轴承摩擦副材料的脱钴 PDC:在水基钻井液中的摩擦学行为"[Tribol Int 189 (2023 109004)] 的更正:水基钻井液中的摩擦学行为" [Tribol Int 189 (2023) 109004] 更正
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110352
Jiaqi Yun , Baochang Liu
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引用次数: 0
Anisotropy and symmetry in the elastoplastic deformation of single crystals under scratching: Unravelling the microscopic deformation mechanisms 划痕作用下单晶体弹塑性变形的各向异性和对称性:揭示微观变形机制
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110341
Zhenting Zhang , Yan Jin Lee , Qi Yan , Hao Wang , Zhen Tong , Xiangqian Jiang
The nanoscratch test, as an established technique for assessing material tribological properties has received significant attention. However, the symmetry and anisotropy in scratching performances as well as the quantitative correlation between the orientation-dependent deformation and inherent microscopic deformation mechanism remain unexplored. Herein, crystal plasticity simulations can quantitatively capture scratching forces, elastic recovery, and surface pile-ups, as well as accurately describe inner deformation fields and lattice rotation patterns, as confirmed by experimental results. The simulation results reveal that surface pile-up and elastic recovery mappings on (001)-, (011)-, and (111)-oriented samples exhibit eight-fold, four-fold, and six-fold symmetries, respectively. The orientation-dependent location and intension of both slip activities and lattice rotation, determine the features of macroscopic elastoplastic deformation under scratching.
纳米划痕测试作为一种评估材料摩擦学特性的成熟技术受到了广泛关注。然而,划痕性能的对称性和各向异性,以及取向相关变形与固有微观变形机制之间的定量相关性仍有待探索。在此,晶体塑性模拟可定量捕捉划痕力、弹性恢复和表面堆积,并准确描述内部变形场和晶格旋转模式,这一点已得到实验结果的证实。模拟结果表明,(001)、(011)和(111)取向样品的表面堆积和弹性恢复映射分别表现出八倍、四倍和六倍对称性。滑移活动和晶格旋转的位置和张力都与取向有关,这决定了划痕作用下宏观弹塑性变形的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of high vacuum tribological performance of lead-doped hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings after atomic oxygen and ultraviolet irradiation 原子氧和紫外线辐照后掺铅氢化类金刚石碳涂层高真空摩擦学性能的演变
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110356
Jiadong Shi , Guozheng Ma , Guolu Li , Zhen Li , Haichao Zhao , Cuihong Han , Haidou Wang
Pb/H-DLC coatings with varying Pb content were deposited using a unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, and their tribological properties were tested in vacuum. For the two coatings exhibiting superior performance, the surface damage caused by space irradiation was investigated in ground-simulated space environments, including atomic oxygen (AO) erosion and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The irradiation damage and friction mechanisms were analyzed using surface/interface characterization techniques. The results reveal that the hydrogen content and the ratio of ID/IG in the Pb/H-DLC coatings initially decrease and then increase with increasing the Pb content. The Pb/H-DLC coatings show improved mechanical and vacuum tribological properties when the Pb content is 0 at% and 2.4 at%. The lowest average friction coefficient is 0.014, and the lowest wear rate is 3.8 × 10−8 mm3N−1m−1. AO erosion induces graphitization and oxidation on the Pb/H-DLC coating surfaces, and the tribological properties of coating are deteriorated, while Pb doping effectively mitigates damage to the coatings' surface properties caused by AO erosion. The reduction in friction coefficient of the Pb/H-DLC coatings after UV irradiation can be mainly attributed to the formation of a soft layer consisting of HO-CO groups on the surface due to irradiation.
使用不平衡磁控溅射系统沉积了不同含铅量的铅/H-DLC 涂层,并在真空中测试了它们的摩擦学特性。对于表现优异的两种涂层,在地面模拟空间环境中研究了空间辐照造成的表面损伤,包括原子氧(AO)侵蚀和紫外线(UV)辐照。利用表面/界面表征技术分析了辐照损伤和摩擦机理。结果表明,随着铅含量的增加,Pb/H-DLC 涂层中的氢含量和 ID/IG 比率先降低后升高。当铅含量为 0 at% 和 2.4 at% 时,Pb/H-DLC 涂层显示出更好的机械和真空摩擦学性能。最低的平均摩擦系数为 0.014,最低的磨损率为 3.8 × 10-8 mm3N-1m-1。AO 侵蚀导致 Pb/H-DLC 涂层表面石墨化和氧化,涂层的摩擦学性能变差,而掺杂 Pb 则有效减轻了 AO 侵蚀对涂层表面性能的破坏。紫外线辐照后 Pb/H-DLC 涂层摩擦系数降低的主要原因是辐照在涂层表面形成了由 HO-CO 基团组成的软层。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular dynamics simulation and machine learning prediction of tribological properties of graphene solid-liquid two-phase lubrication system 石墨烯固液两相润滑系统摩擦学特性的分子动力学模拟和机器学习预测
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110347
Feng Qiu, Hui Song, Zhiquan Yang, Ziyan Lu, Mingliang Jiang, Xianguo Hu
The influence of solid-liquid interaction between graphene and base oil on lubrication performance and mechanism still lacks insight. This paper fully considered contact pressure, differences in base oil chain length, and surface roughness characteristics, the tribological properties and lubrication mechanism of graphene oil lubrication system under different lubrication regimes were revealed by molecular dynamics simulations, and frictional wear was predicted based on four machine learning algorithms. The results indicated that under fluid lubrication regimes, the increase in base oil chain length and contact pressure deteriorated lubrication performance, which was attributed to the long-chain base oils enhanced the interlayer sliding resistance at the solid-liquid interface and adsorbed on the friction pair surface to form a thicker solid-like film, while the high contact pressure induced an increase in lubricant viscosity and internal stress. Under boundary lubrication, increased chain length improved lubrication while contact pressure aggravated frictional wear. Attributed to long-chain base oils increased oil film thickness and strength, improved graphene bending wrinkles and lubricant fluidity, and facilitated lubrication state transitions. However, high contact pressure showed the opposite trend, resulting in worsening lubrication performance. Moreover, the ensemble learning algorithm exhibited optimal friction (R2 =0.968) and wear (R2 =0.951) prediction capabilities.
石墨烯与基础油之间的固液相互作用对润滑性能和机理的影响尚缺乏深入研究。本文充分考虑了接触压力、基础油链长差异和表面粗糙度特性,通过分子动力学模拟揭示了石墨烯油润滑系统在不同润滑条件下的摩擦学特性和润滑机理,并基于四种机器学习算法预测了摩擦磨损。结果表明,在流体润滑条件下,基础油链长和接触压力的增加会恶化润滑性能,其原因是长链基础油增强了固液界面的层间滑动阻力,并吸附在摩擦副表面形成较厚的类固态油膜,而高接触压力会引起润滑油粘度和内应力的增加。在边界润滑条件下,链条长度的增加改善了润滑,而接触压力则加剧了摩擦磨损。长链基础油增加了油膜厚度和强度,改善了石墨烯弯曲皱纹和润滑油流动性,并促进了润滑状态的转换。然而,高接触压力却呈现出相反的趋势,导致润滑性能恶化。此外,集合学习算法显示出最佳的摩擦(R2 =0.968)和磨损(R2 =0.951)预测能力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing cutting performance of micro-textured and coated tool by synergistically improving coating adhesion strength and debris capture-storage capacities 通过协同提高涂层附着强度和碎片捕捉存储能力,增强微纹理涂层刀具的切削性能
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110357
Suyang Li , Liye Zhang , Xianna Meng , An Yan , Wanglin Chen
A TiAlN-coating with laser-induced depth-graded micro-textured substrate was produced by combination of ultra-fast laser and vacuum cathodic arc. The depth-graded micro-textures (DGMTs) with gradual changes in depth improve synergistically coating adhesion strength and debris capture-storage capacities, showing a better adaptability with TiAlN coating as compared to the single-scale MTs with a same size. In addition, the DGMTs can produce additional cuttings on wear counterpart, obtaining a higher material removal rate. The DGMTs parallel to and vertical to the main cutting edge (named as DGMTs-P and DGMTs-V, respectively) on flank face were carried out to high-speed dry cut precipitation hardening stainless steel. The tool lifespan are: TiAlN<TiAlN/DGMTs-P<TiAlN/DGMTs-V. The wear mechanisms for the TiAlN/DGMTs tools are shown.
通过超快激光和真空阴极电弧的结合,制备出了具有激光诱导深度分级微纹理基底的 TiAlN 涂层。与相同尺寸的单级微纹理相比,深度渐变的微纹理(DGMT)可协同提高涂层附着强度和碎片捕获存储能力,显示出与 TiAlN 涂层更好的适应性。此外,DGMT 还能在磨损的对应部件上产生额外的切屑,从而获得更高的材料去除率。对高速干切沉淀硬化不锈钢进行了侧面平行于主切削刃和垂直于主切削刃的 DGMTs(分别称为 DGMTs-P 和 DGMTs-V)。刀具寿命为TiAlN<TiAlN/DGMTs-P<TiAlN/DGMTs-V。图中显示了 TiAlN/DGMTs 工具的磨损机制。
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引用次数: 0
Tribological performances of epoxy resin reinforced by a novel biomass intelligent "pool-channel" oil storage and delivery system 新型生物质智能 "池道 "储油和输油系统增强环氧树脂的摩擦学性能
IF 6.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110355
Mengdan Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Bingli Pan , Lulu Pei , Liming Zhu , Yuanyuan Feng , Honggang Wang
Herein, a novel strategy of oil storage and transportation in polytetrafluoroethylene/porous polylactic acid/polydopamine/rapeseed pollen (diatomaceous earth)/paraffin wax ternary skeleton (PTFE/PPLA/PDA/POL(DE)PW) was developed to enhance the tribological performances of epoxy resin (EP). Importantly, a new biomass “pool-channel” structure was established using PPLA as the oil channel and DE or POL as the oil pool. The addition of biomass “pool-channel” structure to EP matrices can result bifunctional EP composites with self-lubricating and self-healing properties. In addition, experimental and theoretical calculations have shown the successful construction of intelligent "pool channels" with high oil content, high oil retention, release/reabsorption of lubricants. Compared with pure EP, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the novel epoxy composite were reduced by up to 85.46 % and 94.25 %, respectively.
在此,我们开发了一种在聚四氟乙烯/多孔聚乳酸/多聚多巴胺/油菜花粉(硅藻土)/石蜡三元骨架(PTFE/PPLA/PDA/POL(DE)PW)中储油和输油的新策略,以提高环氧树脂(EP)的摩擦学性能。重要的是,以 PPLA 作为油通道,以 DE 或 POL 作为油池,建立了一种新的生物质 "池-通道 "结构。将生物质 "池-通道 "结构添加到 EP 基质中,可产生具有自润滑和自修复性能的双功能 EP 复合材料。此外,实验和理论计算表明,高含油量、高保油性、释放/再吸收润滑剂的智能 "池道 "结构已成功构建。与纯 EP 相比,新型环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率分别降低了 85.46 % 和 94.25 %。
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引用次数: 0
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Tribology International
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