Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111589
Kaiming Zheng , Xiaolong Zhang , Kou Du , Shuai Li , Junhui Zhang , Wei Wu , Bing Xu , Huayong Yang , Chao Zhang
The importance of heavy-load friction pairs is highlighted by the extensive use of heavy machinery in large engineering projects. Their performance under mixed lubrication conditions directly impacts efficiency, reliability, and service life. Accurately and effectively establishing a lubrication characteristic model for the oil film in friction pairs and solving it is of paramount importance. Currently, there is a lack of systematic analysis and summaries of models in this field. This work comprehensively reviews the modeling and solution methods, as well as the core challenges, associated with the oil film characteristics of heavy-load friction pairs under mixed lubrication. It also provides detailed descriptions of typical applications for each method. Finally, based on previous research, this paper outlines future development directions. The review aims to provide model guidance for improving the lubrication performance and extending the service life of heavy-load friction pairs, promoting the application of mixed lubrication theory in engineering practice.
{"title":"Oil film mixed lubrication of heavy-load friction pairs: Theoretical modeling, solution methods, and applications","authors":"Kaiming Zheng , Xiaolong Zhang , Kou Du , Shuai Li , Junhui Zhang , Wei Wu , Bing Xu , Huayong Yang , Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of heavy-load friction pairs is highlighted by the extensive use of heavy machinery in large engineering projects. Their performance under mixed lubrication conditions directly impacts efficiency, reliability, and service life. Accurately and effectively establishing a lubrication characteristic model for the oil film in friction pairs and solving it is of paramount importance. Currently, there is a lack of systematic analysis and summaries of models in this field. This work comprehensively reviews the modeling and solution methods, as well as the core challenges, associated with the oil film characteristics of heavy-load friction pairs under mixed lubrication. It also provides detailed descriptions of typical applications for each method. Finally, based on previous research, this paper outlines future development directions. The review aims to provide model guidance for improving the lubrication performance and extending the service life of heavy-load friction pairs, promoting the application of mixed lubrication theory in engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111584
Li Jing , Yang Fazhan , Jiang Fulin , Chen Anqi , Wang Xue , Li Guangdi , Yan Shibin
To tackle the severe wear experienced by YG8N cemented carbide cutting tools when machining difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloys, the present study proposes and experimentally validates a synergistic surface-engineering strategy based on tesla valve micro-texturing in combination with CrN/DLC composite coatings. This method innovatively integrates a diode-like tesla valve micro-texture with a high-hardness, low-friction CrN/DLC composite coating in a unified design, enabling the coupled optimisation of interfacial lubrication conditions and surface mechanical performance. A tesla valve micro-texture was fabricated on the cemented carbide surface using femtosecond laser ablation, after which a CrN transition layer and a top DLC coating were sequentially deposited by magnetron sputtering, thereby producing a composite surface with directional fluid-control capability. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. Tribological performance was subsequently evaluated through ball-on-disc tests conducted under both dry and lubricated conditions. The results demonstrate that the engineered composite surface exhibits outstanding friction-reducing performance under lubricated conditions: At low speed and low load (10 N, 1 m/s), the reverse-textured specimen (D-RT) achieved the lowest coefficient of friction (0.069), owing to lubricant entrapment and the pressure-build-up effect induced by the tesla valve structure. At high speed and high load (20 N, 6 m/s), the forward-textured specimen (D-FT) recorded the lowest coefficient of friction (0.049), benefiting from the enhanced hydrodynamic lubricant-guiding capability of the texture orientation. The cutting tests further confirm that, compared with conventional tools, those incorporating the CrN/DLC tesla valve hybrid structure can significantly suppress tool wear, delay tool-tip failure, and substantially extend tool life at high cutting speeds. This study elucidates the synergistic mechanism between the anisotropic fluid-control characteristics of the tesla valve micro-texture and the low-shear behaviour of the DLC coating. It thereby proposes a texture–coating coupling strategy that can be effectively applied to high-performance cemented carbide tools, offering both a new theoretical foundation and a practical engineering approach for achieving efficient, long-life machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
为了解决YG8N硬质合金刀具在加工钛合金等难切削材料时的严重磨损问题，本研究提出了一种基于特斯拉阀微织构与CrN/DLC复合涂层相结合的协同表面工程策略，并进行了实验验证。该方法创新性地将二极管状特斯拉阀微纹理与高硬度、低摩擦CrN/DLC复合涂层统一设计，实现了界面润滑条件和表面机械性能的耦合优化。利用飞秒激光烧蚀技术在硬质合金表面制备了特斯拉阀微织体，然后通过磁控溅射沉积CrN过渡层和顶部DLC涂层，从而制备了具有定向流体控制能力的复合表面。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱和纳米压痕技术对涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征。随后，通过在干燥和润滑条件下进行的球盘测试来评估摩擦性能。结果表明，在润滑条件下，工程复合材料表面表现出出色的减摩性能：在低速和低载荷（10 N, 1 m/s）下，由于润滑油夹带和特斯拉阀结构引起的压力积聚效应，反织构试样（D-RT）的摩擦系数最低（0.069）。在高速和高载荷（20 N, 6 m/s）下，正向织构试样（D-FT）的摩擦系数最低（0.049），这得益于织构取向的流体动力导向能力增强。切削试验进一步证实，与传统刀具相比，采用CrN/DLC特斯拉阀混合结构的刀具可以显著抑制刀具磨损，延缓刀具尖端失效，并在高切削速度下大幅延长刀具寿命。本研究阐明了特斯拉阀微织构的各向异性流控特性与DLC涂层的低剪切特性之间的协同作用机制。由此提出了一种可有效应用于高性能硬质合金刀具的织构-涂层耦合策略，为实现难切削材料的高效、长寿命加工提供了新的理论基础和工程实践途径。
{"title":"Investigation into the synergistic effects of tesla valve micro-textures and CrN/DLC coatings on the friction and cutting performance of YG8N cemented carbide tools","authors":"Li Jing , Yang Fazhan , Jiang Fulin , Chen Anqi , Wang Xue , Li Guangdi , Yan Shibin","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To tackle the severe wear experienced by YG8N cemented carbide cutting tools when machining difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloys, the present study proposes and experimentally validates a synergistic surface-engineering strategy based on tesla valve micro-texturing in combination with CrN/DLC composite coatings. This method innovatively integrates a diode-like tesla valve micro-texture with a high-hardness, low-friction CrN/DLC composite coating in a unified design, enabling the coupled optimisation of interfacial lubrication conditions and surface mechanical performance. A tesla valve micro-texture was fabricated on the cemented carbide surface using femtosecond laser ablation, after which a CrN transition layer and a top DLC coating were sequentially deposited by magnetron sputtering, thereby producing a composite surface with directional fluid-control capability. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. Tribological performance was subsequently evaluated through ball-on-disc tests conducted under both dry and lubricated conditions. The results demonstrate that the engineered composite surface exhibits outstanding friction-reducing performance under lubricated conditions: At low speed and low load (10 N, 1 m/s), the reverse-textured specimen (<span>D</span>-RT) achieved the lowest coefficient of friction (0.069), owing to lubricant entrapment and the pressure-build-up effect induced by the tesla valve structure. At high speed and high load (20 N, 6 m/s), the forward-textured specimen (<span>D</span>-FT) recorded the lowest coefficient of friction (0.049), benefiting from the enhanced hydrodynamic lubricant-guiding capability of the texture orientation. The cutting tests further confirm that, compared with conventional tools, those incorporating the CrN/DLC tesla valve hybrid structure can significantly suppress tool wear, delay tool-tip failure, and substantially extend tool life at high cutting speeds. This study elucidates the synergistic mechanism between the anisotropic fluid-control characteristics of the tesla valve micro-texture and the low-shear behaviour of the DLC coating. It thereby proposes a texture–coating coupling strategy that can be effectively applied to high-performance cemented carbide tools, offering both a new theoretical foundation and a practical engineering approach for achieving efficient, long-life machining of difficult-to-cut materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111584"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111583
Guoqing Chen , Pengyang Li , Feizhou Li , Guojun Dong , Zhaozhao Yang , Yaohe Li , Shanni Liu , Jian Sun , Peng Yang
To address the challenges of high friction coefficient and severe adhesive wear of titanium alloys under aqueous lubrication conditions, this study systematically investigated the layer-number effect of graphene oxide (GO) and its synergistic lubrication mechanism with ionic liquid using macroscopic tribological experiments, SEM, XPS, FIB-HRTEM, and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental results show that the multi-layer GO/ionic liquid composite system reduces the friction coefficient to 0.0813 and the wear volume by 96.85 % compared to pure water, with a smooth worn surface exhibiting almost no adhesive features. FIB-HRTEM cross-sectional analysis further confirms the formation of a dense tribofilm approximately 15–24 nm thick on the titanium alloy surface. The study reveals that the number of GO layers can significantly affect lubrication performance: even in the absence of ionic liquid, multi-layer GO still significantly outperforms single-layer and few-layer GO; after the introduction of the ionic liquid, its enhanced interfacial adsorption and the improved dispersion of GO synergistically further enhance the lubrication performance. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that multi-layer GO, through its easier interlayer sliding, denser hydrogen-bonding network, and more stable hydration layer, cooperates with preferentially adsorbed ionic liquid to jointly reduce the interfacial shear strength.
{"title":"Study on the layer number effect and synergistic lubrication mechanism in ionic liquid/graphene oxide composite aqueous lubrication system","authors":"Guoqing Chen , Pengyang Li , Feizhou Li , Guojun Dong , Zhaozhao Yang , Yaohe Li , Shanni Liu , Jian Sun , Peng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of high friction coefficient and severe adhesive wear of titanium alloys under aqueous lubrication conditions, this study systematically investigated the layer-number effect of graphene oxide (GO) and its synergistic lubrication mechanism with ionic liquid using macroscopic tribological experiments, SEM, XPS, FIB-HRTEM, and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental results show that the multi-layer GO/ionic liquid composite system reduces the friction coefficient to 0.0813 and the wear volume by 96.85 % compared to pure water, with a smooth worn surface exhibiting almost no adhesive features. FIB-HRTEM cross-sectional analysis further confirms the formation of a dense tribofilm approximately 15–24 nm thick on the titanium alloy surface. The study reveals that the number of GO layers can significantly affect lubrication performance: even in the absence of ionic liquid, multi-layer GO still significantly outperforms single-layer and few-layer GO; after the introduction of the ionic liquid, its enhanced interfacial adsorption and the improved dispersion of GO synergistically further enhance the lubrication performance. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that multi-layer GO, through its easier interlayer sliding, denser hydrogen-bonding network, and more stable hydration layer, cooperates with preferentially adsorbed ionic liquid to jointly reduce the interfacial shear strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111585
Zhen Wang , Sihan Yu , Daichen Ji , Nengbin Hua , Cuiyong Tang , Wen Zhou
This study re-evaluates the role of oxygen in Ti-6Al-4V production via directed energy deposition (DED), challenging the conventional perception of oxygen as a detrimental impurity. The coupled effects of processing parameters and controlled in-situ oxygen doping (0.1 %-10 %) on microstructural evolution and tribological behavior were systematically investigated. The results revealed that increasing laser power and scanning speed caused a transition in primary β grain morphology from equiaxed to columnar and increased the aspect ratio of α' martensite from 6.57 to 8.98. Within the tested processing window, an intermediate heat input (800 W, 400 mm/min) produced refined equiaxed β grains with fine acicular α′ martensite, resulting in the lowest wear rate of 3.60 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·mm−1. The addition of oxygen further refined the β grains and promoted the transformation of acicular α' into coarse lamellar α, accompanied by TiO2 precipitates. These microstructural changes increased in hardness from 355.8 HV0.3 to 527 HV0.3, and resulted in a non-monotonic relationship between oxygen content and tribological performance. Optimal results were observed at intermediate oxygen levels (3–5 %), where the friction coefficient decreased from 0.78 to 0.67, and the wear rate was reduced by 7.48 % compared to the low-oxygen baseline, with abrasive wear remaining the dominant mechanism. In contrast, high oxygen concentrations (8–10 %) caused severe embrittlement and brittle fracture, increasing the friction coefficient to 1.14 and the wear rate to 6.26 × 10–7 mm3·N−1·mm−1. At these elevated oxygen levels, the dominant wear mechanism shifted to adhesive and oxidative wear, resulting in significantly reduced tribological performance.
{"title":"Tailoring microstructure and tribological performance of directed energy deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy through in-situ oxygen doping","authors":"Zhen Wang , Sihan Yu , Daichen Ji , Nengbin Hua , Cuiyong Tang , Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study re-evaluates the role of oxygen in Ti-6Al-4V production via directed energy deposition (DED), challenging the conventional perception of oxygen as a detrimental impurity. The coupled effects of processing parameters and controlled in-situ oxygen doping (0.1 %-10 %) on microstructural evolution and tribological behavior were systematically investigated. The results revealed that increasing laser power and scanning speed caused a transition in primary β grain morphology from equiaxed to columnar and increased the aspect ratio of α' martensite from 6.57 to 8.98. Within the tested processing window, an intermediate heat input (800 W, 400 mm/min) produced refined equiaxed β grains with fine acicular α′ martensite, resulting in the lowest wear rate of 3.60 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·mm<sup>−1</sup>. The addition of oxygen further refined the β grains and promoted the transformation of acicular α' into coarse lamellar α, accompanied by TiO<sub>2</sub> precipitates. These microstructural changes increased in hardness from 355.8 HV<sub>0.3</sub> to 527 HV<sub>0.3</sub>, and resulted in a non-monotonic relationship between oxygen content and tribological performance. Optimal results were observed at intermediate oxygen levels (3–5 %), where the friction coefficient decreased from 0.78 to 0.67, and the wear rate was reduced by 7.48 % compared to the low-oxygen baseline, with abrasive wear remaining the dominant mechanism. In contrast, high oxygen concentrations (8–10 %) caused severe embrittlement and brittle fracture, increasing the friction coefficient to 1.14 and the wear rate to 6.26 × 10<sup>–7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·mm<sup>−1</sup>. At these elevated oxygen levels, the dominant wear mechanism shifted to adhesive and oxidative wear, resulting in significantly reduced tribological performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111580
Shuaibing Li , Xiuyang Zhong , Lei Jia , Yaohong Jiang , Jian Liu , Jun Fan , Xuming Pang , Jibin Pu
Corrosion-wear coupling represents the primary failure mechanism for moving components in marine environments. Inspired by the fact that rapid solidification amorphous induction can avoid the formation of coarse-crystalline microstructure and plastic-tough FCC structures, the design of laser-melted micro/nanocrystals tribocorrosion resistance coating is proposed. The results indicate that incorporating FCC phase-dominated Ni-based alloys into the Fe-based amorphous matrix during the melting and cladding process promoted the formation of a micro/nanocrystal structure and suppressed defect formation, such as porosity and cracking. The microhardness of the coating reached approximately 1000 HV0.2. Among the coatings investigated, the one with a 45 % Ni-based alloy content exhibited optimal tribocorrosion performance, achieving a wear rate of 8.81 × 10−7 mm3/(N·m) and a corrosion current density as low as 5.82 × 10−8 A/cm2. Analysis of the tribocorrosion mechanism indicates that the addition of an appropriate amount of Ni-based alloy promotes the refinement and dispersion of the μ phase, thereby reducing the formation of pitting corrosion. This microstructural evolution achieves dispersion strengthening while simultaneously reducing stress concentration at the μ-phase/matrix interface and fatigue crack initiation tendency. It mitigates the accelerating effect of corrosion on wear, enabling the coating to exhibit a low synergistic factor under friction-corrosion conditions and demonstrate outstanding comprehensive tribocorrosion resistance. This study provides a novel design concept and a theoretical foundation for the application of Fe-based amorphous coatings in marine environments.
腐蚀磨损耦合是海洋环境中运动部件的主要失效机制。基于快速凝固非晶感应可以避免形成粗晶组织和塑性韧性FCC结构的特点，提出了激光熔化微/纳米晶耐摩擦腐蚀涂层的设计方法。结果表明，在熔炼和熔覆过程中，将FCC相主导的ni基合金加入到fe基非晶基体中，促进了微/纳米晶结构的形成，抑制了气孔和裂纹等缺陷的形成。涂层显微硬度达到1000 HV0.2左右。在所研究的涂层中，镍基合金含量为45% %的涂层表现出最佳的摩擦腐蚀性能，磨损率为8.81 × 10−7 mm3/(N·m)，腐蚀电流密度低至5.82 × 10−8 a /cm2。摩擦腐蚀机理分析表明，适量的ni基合金的加入促进了μ相的细化和分散，从而减少了点蚀的形成。这种微观组织的演变实现了弥散强化，同时降低了μ相/基体界面处的应力集中和疲劳裂纹萌生倾向。它减轻了腐蚀对磨损的加速作用，使涂层在摩擦腐蚀条件下表现出较低的协同系数，并表现出出色的综合抗摩擦腐蚀能力。本研究为铁基非晶涂层在海洋环境中的应用提供了新的设计理念和理论基础。
{"title":"Study on laser cladding micro/nanocrystals coating based on amorphous induction and wear-corrosion coupling damage mechanism","authors":"Shuaibing Li , Xiuyang Zhong , Lei Jia , Yaohong Jiang , Jian Liu , Jun Fan , Xuming Pang , Jibin Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion-wear coupling represents the primary failure mechanism for moving components in marine environments. Inspired by the fact that rapid solidification amorphous induction can avoid the formation of coarse-crystalline microstructure and plastic-tough FCC structures, the design of laser-melted micro/nanocrystals tribocorrosion resistance coating is proposed. The results indicate that incorporating FCC phase-dominated Ni-based alloys into the Fe-based amorphous matrix during the melting and cladding process promoted the formation of a micro/nanocrystal structure and suppressed defect formation, such as porosity and cracking. The microhardness of the coating reached approximately 1000 HV<sub>0.2</sub>. Among the coatings investigated, the one with a 45 % Ni-based alloy content exhibited optimal tribocorrosion performance, achieving a wear rate of 8.81 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m) and a corrosion current density as low as 5.82 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>. Analysis of the tribocorrosion mechanism indicates that the addition of an appropriate amount of Ni-based alloy promotes the refinement and dispersion of the μ phase, thereby reducing the formation of pitting corrosion. This microstructural evolution achieves dispersion strengthening while simultaneously reducing stress concentration at the μ-phase/matrix interface and fatigue crack initiation tendency. It mitigates the accelerating effect of corrosion on wear, enabling the coating to exhibit a low synergistic factor under friction-corrosion conditions and demonstrate outstanding comprehensive tribocorrosion resistance. This study provides a novel design concept and a theoretical foundation for the application of Fe-based amorphous coatings in marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111579
Yunhong Yu , Houzhi Wang , You Wu , Haopeng Wang , Yixin Zhou , Jun Yang , Wei Huang
Adequate runway friction capacity during aircraft landing is crucial for flight safety. Accurately evaluating skid resistance under realistic service conditions remains a key challenge for maintaining flight safety. This study proposes a comprehensive skid resistance evaluation method that integrates laboratory testing with finite element simulation. A refined tire-pavement-fluid coupled model was developed, incorporating measured and series-generated worn texture data as key geometric boundary conditions in numerical analysis. The coupled effects of runway texture state, tire kinematics, and water film thickness on skid resistance were systematically investigated. Results suggest that runway macrotexture plays a vital role in maintaining skid resistance, with Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures providing superior skid resistance compared to Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixtures. As runway wear progresses, the combined influence of high speed and thick water films significantly increases the risk of hydroplaning and extends braking distance. This study highlights the significant effects of speed, water film thickness, and texture evolution on runway friction, offering theoretical guidance for material selection and safety evaluation of airport pavements.
{"title":"Skid resistance assessment of wet asphalt runways by coupling finite element simulation with real texture evolution data","authors":"Yunhong Yu , Houzhi Wang , You Wu , Haopeng Wang , Yixin Zhou , Jun Yang , Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate runway friction capacity during aircraft landing is crucial for flight safety. Accurately evaluating skid resistance under realistic service conditions remains a key challenge for maintaining flight safety. This study proposes a comprehensive skid resistance evaluation method that integrates laboratory testing with finite element simulation. A refined tire-pavement-fluid coupled model was developed, incorporating measured and series-generated worn texture data as key geometric boundary conditions in numerical analysis. The coupled effects of runway texture state, tire kinematics, and water film thickness on skid resistance were systematically investigated. Results suggest that runway macrotexture plays a vital role in maintaining skid resistance, with Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures providing superior skid resistance compared to Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixtures. As runway wear progresses, the combined influence of high speed and thick water films significantly increases the risk of hydroplaning and extends braking distance. This study highlights the significant effects of speed, water film thickness, and texture evolution on runway friction, offering theoretical guidance for material selection and safety evaluation of airport pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111581
Dongfang Zeng , Yihui Dong , Hai Zhao , Minwei Guan , Mingming Ren , Xiang Li , Jiwang Zhang , Liantao Lu
Axial defects induced during axle disassembly/assembly represent the typical failure mode in the press-fitted region of railway axle. However, their specific influence on fretting fatigue behavior remains inadequately characterized. This study experimentally and numerically investigates fretting fatigue crack initiation in scale press-fitted axles containing artificial axial defects. It encompassed fretting fatigue testing, crack observation, fretting wear assessment, microstructure analysis of fretted zones, stress states analysis around the defect, and fatigue crack initiation prediction. Results demonstrate that the fretting fatigue strength decreases with increasing defect depth. The peak stress concentration induced by axial defects occurs at defect edges on the wheel seat surface, leading to fatigue crack initiation at these sites. In addition, axial defects produce lower stress concentration and a smaller high-stressed volume than circumferential defects, thus exerting a markedly reduced detrimental effect on the fretting fatigue strength of press-fitted axles. Given the significant effect of frictional shear stress on crack initiation, the MWCM multiaxial fatigue criterion, integrated with the critical plane method, was employed for prediction. The model, incorporating fretting wear profiles, successfully predicts the occurrence of fretting damage, as well as crack initiation location and angle. This research can provide a theoretical basis for rational assessment and management of railway axles containing axial defects.
{"title":"Investigation on fretting fatigue crack initiation of scale press-fitted railway axle containing axial defects","authors":"Dongfang Zeng , Yihui Dong , Hai Zhao , Minwei Guan , Mingming Ren , Xiang Li , Jiwang Zhang , Liantao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Axial defects induced during axle disassembly/assembly represent the typical failure mode in the press-fitted region of railway axle. However, their specific influence on fretting fatigue behavior remains inadequately characterized. This study experimentally and numerically investigates fretting fatigue crack initiation in scale press-fitted axles containing artificial axial defects. It encompassed fretting fatigue testing, crack observation, fretting wear assessment, microstructure analysis of fretted zones, stress states analysis around the defect, and fatigue crack initiation prediction. Results demonstrate that the fretting fatigue strength decreases with increasing defect depth. The peak stress concentration induced by axial defects occurs at defect edges on the wheel seat surface, leading to fatigue crack initiation at these sites. In addition, axial defects produce lower stress concentration and a smaller high-stressed volume than circumferential defects, thus exerting a markedly reduced detrimental effect on the fretting fatigue strength of press-fitted axles. Given the significant effect of frictional shear stress on crack initiation, the MWCM multiaxial fatigue criterion, integrated with the critical plane method, was employed for prediction. The model, incorporating fretting wear profiles, successfully predicts the occurrence of fretting damage, as well as crack initiation location and angle. This research can provide a theoretical basis for rational assessment and management of railway axles containing axial defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111582
Hanzhi Zhang , Jun Cheng , Juanjuan Chen , Wenyuan Chen , Jiao Chen , Hui Tan , Shengyu Zhu , Jun Yang
To promote the practical application of next-generation thermal barrier coating materials, a dense high-entropy ceramic (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 was successfully synthesized via a two-step solid-state reaction method. Benefiting from the high-entropy effect, the (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramic exhibits a pyrochlore structure and demonstrates superior thermophysical properties. Its thermal expansion coefficient is about 11.0 × 10−6 K−1, and the thermal conductivity is 1.2 W·m−1·K−1 at 1200 ℃. Both of these properties are significantly superior to those of the widely used YSZ material. Owing to its high hardness (12.7 ± 0.8 GPa), the tribological behavior of the ceramic was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramic shows low wear rates and good stability at both at room temperature and 1000 ℃. These comprehensive properties suggest that (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramic possesses considerable potential as a candidate material for the next-generation of thermal barrier coatings.
{"title":"Synthesis, thermophysical properties and tribological behavior of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramics","authors":"Hanzhi Zhang , Jun Cheng , Juanjuan Chen , Wenyuan Chen , Jiao Chen , Hui Tan , Shengyu Zhu , Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote the practical application of next-generation thermal barrier coating materials, a dense high-entropy ceramic (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> was successfully synthesized via a two-step solid-state reaction method. Benefiting from the high-entropy effect, the (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramic exhibits a pyrochlore structure and demonstrates superior thermophysical properties. Its thermal expansion coefficient is about 11.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, and the thermal conductivity is 1.2 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> at 1200 ℃. Both of these properties are significantly superior to those of the widely used YSZ material. Owing to its high hardness (12.7 ± 0.8 GPa), the tribological behavior of the ceramic was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramic shows low wear rates and good stability at both at room temperature and 1000 ℃. These comprehensive properties suggest that (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramic possesses considerable potential as a candidate material for the next-generation of thermal barrier coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111575
Yatong Zhang , Zhiguang Guo , Weimin Liu
As a type of green lubricant, yam mucilage possesses a layered molecular structure with excellent composite lubrication properties. Considering the superior lubrication and friction-reducing effects of layered double hydroxides, this study explored the lubrication mechanisms and tribological properties of yam mucilage when applied as a lubricant. Given the poor wear resistance of Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy, systematic tests were conducted to evaluate the lubrication, friction reduction, and wear resistance performance of yam mucilage under different loads, with dry friction and graphite-coated friction serving as controls. Notably, although both yam mucilage and graphite exhibit layered molecular structures at the microscopic level, yam mucilage demonstrated significantly better performance: under identical conditions, it reduced the average coefficient of friction by about 60.70 % compared with graphite-coated friction and by about 59.30 % compared with dry friction. In addition, yam mucilage markedly enhanced the wear resistance of the TC4 substrate, reducing the average wear volume by 69.77 % relative to dry friction and by 76.52 % relative to graphite-coated friction. These improvements are primarily attributed to the adsorption of yam mucilage molecules on the TC4 surface and the elastohydrodynamic lubrication generated during sliding, which facilitated the formation of a friction-induced in-situ protective film with self-healing capability. Overall, the use of yam mucilage lubricant, combined with the elastohydrodynamic lubrication formed against the TC4 alloy surface, promoted a friction-induced in-situ film formation mechanism that effectively protected the TC4 alloy substrate from severe wear.
{"title":"Superior friction and wear performance of alloy Ti4Al6V lubricated by a novel green material yam: A comparative tribological study","authors":"Yatong Zhang , Zhiguang Guo , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a type of green lubricant, yam mucilage possesses a layered molecular structure with excellent composite lubrication properties. Considering the superior lubrication and friction-reducing effects of layered double hydroxides, this study explored the lubrication mechanisms and tribological properties of yam mucilage when applied as a lubricant. Given the poor wear resistance of Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy, systematic tests were conducted to evaluate the lubrication, friction reduction, and wear resistance performance of yam mucilage under different loads, with dry friction and graphite-coated friction serving as controls. Notably, although both yam mucilage and graphite exhibit layered molecular structures at the microscopic level, yam mucilage demonstrated significantly better performance: under identical conditions, it reduced the average coefficient of friction by about 60.70 % compared with graphite-coated friction and by about 59.30 % compared with dry friction. In addition, yam mucilage markedly enhanced the wear resistance of the TC4 substrate, reducing the average wear volume by 69.77 % relative to dry friction and by 76.52 % relative to graphite-coated friction. These improvements are primarily attributed to the adsorption of yam mucilage molecules on the TC4 surface and the elastohydrodynamic lubrication generated during sliding, which facilitated the formation of a friction-induced in-situ protective film with self-healing capability. Overall, the use of yam mucilage lubricant, combined with the elastohydrodynamic lubrication formed against the TC4 alloy surface, promoted a friction-induced in-situ film formation mechanism that effectively protected the TC4 alloy substrate from severe wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111574
Rongyang Zhao , Baoxian Su , Yinling Jin , Zhenjie Cui , Binbin Wang , Xiangyu Sun , Bao Ding , Chao Xu , Eshov Bakhtiyor , Chen Liu , Liang Wang , Yanqing Su
Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy, characterized by low density, high tensile and fatigue strengths, and excellent corrosion resistance, is a vital material widely used in aerospace, chemical engineering, energy, and biomedicine. However, its poor strain-hardening effect and weak protective mechanically mixed layer (MML, a surface layer formed by mechanical actions with material mixing) limit its tribological applications. In this study, few-layer graphene (FLG)/SiC/TC4 composites were fabricated via vacuum arc melting, with SiC added to suppress the reaction between FLG and the matrix. The effects of FLG content on mechanical properties and wear resistance were investigated. Results show that moderate FLG addition promotes the formation of a continuous, dense MML during dry friction, protecting the matrix and lowering the wear rate. The composite with 0.4 wt% FLG shows excellent tensile strength and wear resistance, with its tensile strength increasing from 839.57 MPa of pure TC4–939.25 MPa, the depth of plastic deformation zone after wear becoming shallower, and the wear rate significantly decreasing by 52.15 %.
{"title":"Effect of graphene on microstructure and tribological properties of FLG/SiC/TC4 composites prepared by vacuum arc melting","authors":"Rongyang Zhao , Baoxian Su , Yinling Jin , Zhenjie Cui , Binbin Wang , Xiangyu Sun , Bao Ding , Chao Xu , Eshov Bakhtiyor , Chen Liu , Liang Wang , Yanqing Su","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy, characterized by low density, high tensile and fatigue strengths, and excellent corrosion resistance, is a vital material widely used in aerospace, chemical engineering, energy, and biomedicine. However, its poor strain-hardening effect and weak protective mechanically mixed layer (MML, a surface layer formed by mechanical actions with material mixing) limit its tribological applications. In this study, few-layer graphene (FLG)/SiC/TC4 composites were fabricated via vacuum arc melting, with SiC added to suppress the reaction between FLG and the matrix. The effects of FLG content on mechanical properties and wear resistance were investigated. Results show that moderate FLG addition promotes the formation of a continuous, dense MML during dry friction, protecting the matrix and lowering the wear rate. The composite with 0.4 wt% FLG shows excellent tensile strength and wear resistance, with its tensile strength increasing from 839.57 MPa of pure TC4–939.25 MPa, the depth of plastic deformation zone after wear becoming shallower, and the wear rate significantly decreasing by 52.15 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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