Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549
Xia Li , Yi Li , Huimin Yang , Anjie Liu , Songwei Zhang , Litian Hu
The demand of high-performance additives suitable for lubricating grease is increasing with the development of high-end equipment. Herein, a novel thiophosphate 3-(O, O- di-nonylphenol di-thiophosphate)-2-methylpropanoic acid (NDMA) was synthesized and added to lithium complex grease as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive. The physicochemical, rheological, and tribological properties of NDMA were studied and compared with ZDDP. The results indicate that NDMA can improve and enhance oil separation under pressure and dropping point. NDMA showed better shearing resistance, friction reducing, anti-wear and load carrying capability than ZDDP. The lubrication mechanism of NDMA was demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that NDMA has strong adsorption capacity on sliding surfaces, promoting the tribo-chemistry reaction between NDMA and iron surfaces.
{"title":"Enhancement lubrication effect of a novel thiophosphate as additive of lithium complex grease in comparison to ZDDP","authors":"Xia Li , Yi Li , Huimin Yang , Anjie Liu , Songwei Zhang , Litian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand of high-performance additives suitable for lubricating grease is increasing with the development of high-end equipment. Herein, a novel thiophosphate 3-(O, O- di-nonylphenol di-thiophosphate)-2-methylpropanoic acid (NDMA) was synthesized and added to lithium complex grease as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive. The physicochemical, rheological, and tribological properties of NDMA were studied and compared with ZDDP. The results indicate that NDMA can improve and enhance oil separation under pressure and dropping point. NDMA showed better shearing resistance, friction reducing, anti-wear and load carrying capability than ZDDP. The lubrication mechanism of NDMA was demonstrated through molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that NDMA has strong adsorption capacity on sliding surfaces, promoting the tribo-chemistry reaction between NDMA and iron surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551
Bo Wang, Jianmei Wang, Liang Chen, Ke Ning, Houchao Li
The effects of sliding conditions on the sliding torque, surface temperature and friction wear characteristics of friction torque limiter (FTL) were studied based on a self-made transmission test rig. The results show that the effect of loading pressure on the wear loss is higher than that on the temperature rise, and the sliding speed is the opposite. During the sliding process, the friction coefficient of the friction pair increases and then decreases, and the sliding torque appears attenuation effect. The increase of loading pressure and sliding speed significantly increases the interface temperature rise, changing the interface contact state, aggravates the interface wear, and leads to more obvious sliding torque attenuation effect, which seriously affects the working performance of the FTL.
{"title":"Effect of different sliding conditions on interface tribological behavior of friction torque limiter","authors":"Bo Wang, Jianmei Wang, Liang Chen, Ke Ning, Houchao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of sliding conditions on the sliding torque, surface temperature and friction wear characteristics of friction torque limiter (FTL) were studied based on a self-made transmission test rig. The results show that the effect of loading pressure on the wear loss is higher than that on the temperature rise, and the sliding speed is the opposite. During the sliding process, the friction coefficient of the friction pair increases and then decreases, and the sliding torque appears attenuation effect. The increase of loading pressure and sliding speed significantly increases the interface temperature rise, changing the interface contact state, aggravates the interface wear, and leads to more obvious sliding torque attenuation effect, which seriously affects the working performance of the FTL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550
Guojuan Liu , Weiming Niu , Yifan Yao , Yibing Fan , Hongwei Zhou , Xiaojun Xu , Hao Li , Minhao Zhu
Solid-liquid phase change materials (solid-liquid PCMs) feature both easy maintenance of solid lubricating materials and low coefficient of friction (COF) as well as good heat dissipation of liquid lubricating materials. In this study, we investigated the lubrication performance of polycaprolactone (PCL), a member of PCMs, and epoxy composite coatings (PCL/epoxy) by adjusting friction-interface temperature through varying sliding speeds (2000 r/min (rpm), 500 rpm, and 100 rpm). We found that at 2000 rpm the PCL/EP composite coating shows a drastic reduction of COF by 50.6 % and wear rate by 93.1 %, compared to pure EP coating. The excellent tribological performance are attribute to the formation of liquid PCL. These findings provide new insights into addressing slow-release issues associated with liquid lubricants.
{"title":"Low friction and wear of polycaprolactone/epoxy coatings driven by solid-liquid phase change","authors":"Guojuan Liu , Weiming Niu , Yifan Yao , Yibing Fan , Hongwei Zhou , Xiaojun Xu , Hao Li , Minhao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-liquid phase change materials (solid-liquid PCMs) feature both easy maintenance of solid lubricating materials and low coefficient of friction (COF) as well as good heat dissipation of liquid lubricating materials. In this study, we investigated the lubrication performance of polycaprolactone (PCL), a member of PCMs, and epoxy composite coatings (PCL/epoxy) by adjusting friction-interface temperature through varying sliding speeds (2000 r/min (rpm), 500 rpm, and 100 rpm). We found that at 2000 rpm the PCL/EP composite coating shows a drastic reduction of COF by 50.6 % and wear rate by 93.1 %, compared to pure EP coating. The excellent tribological performance are attribute to the formation of liquid PCL. These findings provide new insights into addressing slow-release issues associated with liquid lubricants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548
Xia Li , Qinghua Zhou , Wanyou Yang , Wei Pu , Ke Xiong , Pu Li , Yanyan Huang
Multi-phase FCC-based AlxCrFeNi2Si(1-x) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1) medium entropy alloy coatings were designed by adjusting Al/Si molar ratio and manufactured by employing laser melting deposition technology on CSS-42L aerospace bearing steel, with the comprehensive consideration on toughness and wear resistance demands of the auxiliary bearing system. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Al sets the tone of the dual-phase FCC+BCC structure of CrFeNi2Al MEA coating, while the exclusive addition of Si promotes the formation of silicides. By adjusting the Al/Si molar ratio, a coating with a microstructure of multiphase FCC+eutectic BCC/silicide was obtained. The co-doping of Al and Si has improved the microhardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the coating to different extents. Among the studied MEA coatings, the Al0.2CrFeNi2Si0.8 coating exhibited the best wear resistance while maintaining higher toughness, attributed to the synergistic effects of the FCC, and eutectic BCC/silicide phases. Second phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening caused by lattice distortion are the main mechanisms to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the AlxCrFeNi2Si(1-x) MEA coatings. The second phase mainly includes the high strength BCC phase and silicide phase, while the lattice distortion is mainly caused by the large atomic size mismatch and elastic mismatch between Al and Si atoms and other atoms.
{"title":"Multi-phase FCC-based AlxCrFeNi2Si(1-x) medium entropy alloy coatings design for tailoring toughness and wear resistance of CSS-42L bearing steel","authors":"Xia Li , Qinghua Zhou , Wanyou Yang , Wei Pu , Ke Xiong , Pu Li , Yanyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-phase FCC-based Al<sub>x</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>(1-x)</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1) medium entropy alloy coatings were designed by adjusting Al/Si molar ratio and manufactured by employing laser melting deposition technology on CSS-42L aerospace bearing steel, with the comprehensive consideration on toughness and wear resistance demands of the auxiliary bearing system. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Al sets the tone of the dual-phase FCC+BCC structure of CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Al MEA coating, while the exclusive addition of Si promotes the formation of silicides. By adjusting the Al/Si molar ratio, a coating with a microstructure of multiphase FCC+eutectic BCC/silicide was obtained. The co-doping of Al and Si has improved the microhardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the coating to different extents. Among the studied MEA coatings, the Al<sub>0.2</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>0.8</sub> coating exhibited the best wear resistance while maintaining higher toughness, attributed to the synergistic effects of the FCC, and eutectic BCC/silicide phases. Second phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening caused by lattice distortion are the main mechanisms to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the Al<sub>x</sub>CrFeNi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>(1-x)</sub> MEA coatings. The second phase mainly includes the high strength BCC phase and silicide phase, while the lattice distortion is mainly caused by the large atomic size mismatch and elastic mismatch between Al and Si atoms and other atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546
Kaiguang Luo , Waqas Farid , Ahmed Fouly , Charlie Kong , Hailiang Yu
High entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites (HEAp/AMC) with mass fractions of 1.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 4.5 wt%, along with pure aluminum, were fabricated via stir-casting. Among these, the 3 wt% HEAp/AMC exhibited the lowest wear rate. The 3 wt% HEAp/AMC were then subjected to room-temperature rolling (RTR) and cryorolling, and their tribological characteristics were investigated. Compared to RTR HEAp/AMC, the wear rate of cryorolled HEAp/AMC decreased from 3.87 × 10−3 mm3/(Nm) to 2.70 × 10−3 mm3/(Nm) at room temperature, which declined to 1.41 × 10−3 mm3/(Nm) in a cryogenic environment. The wear rate in the cryogenic environment decreased by 63.6 % compared to that at room temperature. The wear debris of the HEAp/AMC in the cryogenic environment was substantially refined, indicating a transition from adhesive wear to abrasive wear.
{"title":"Tribological characterization of high entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites at room and cryogenic temperatures","authors":"Kaiguang Luo , Waqas Farid , Ahmed Fouly , Charlie Kong , Hailiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloy particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites (HEAp/AMC) with mass fractions of 1.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 4.5 wt%, along with pure aluminum, were fabricated via stir-casting. Among these, the 3 wt% HEAp/AMC exhibited the lowest wear rate. The 3 wt% HEAp/AMC were then subjected to room-temperature rolling (RTR) and cryorolling, and their tribological characteristics were investigated. Compared to RTR HEAp/AMC, the wear rate of cryorolled HEAp/AMC decreased from 3.87 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) to 2.70 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) at room temperature, which declined to 1.41 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(Nm) in a cryogenic environment. The wear rate in the cryogenic environment decreased by 63.6 % compared to that at room temperature. The wear debris of the HEAp/AMC in the cryogenic environment was substantially refined, indicating a transition from adhesive wear to abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110541
Mostafa Fotoohinezhadkhales , Amit Roy , Fadhel Ben Ettouil , Martin Asuquo , Christian Moreau , Pantcho Stoyanov
Cu-based coatings are ideal for protecting aerospace and industrial components from wear and failure. Traditionally applied using high-temperature methods like Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF), these techniques often increase oxygen content in coatings. Low-temperature processes, such as High-Velocity Air-Fuel (HVAF), reduce oxygen content, costs, and energy use while maintaining performance. This study investigates CuNiIn coatings deposited via Internal Diameter High-Velocity Air-Fuel (ID-HVAF) and HVOF. Both processes produced dense coatings with minimal oxidation. Friction increased from ∼0.49 at 25°C to ∼0.7 at 450°C, with minimal wear at 25°C and significant wear at 450°C. Ex-situ analysis revealed copper oxides glaze at 25°C reduced friction, while abrasive grooves dominated wear at 450°C.
{"title":"Microstructural insights and temperature effects on wear resistance of CuNiIn coatings: Comparison of HVOF and HVAF processes","authors":"Mostafa Fotoohinezhadkhales , Amit Roy , Fadhel Ben Ettouil , Martin Asuquo , Christian Moreau , Pantcho Stoyanov","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu-based coatings are ideal for protecting aerospace and industrial components from wear and failure. Traditionally applied using high-temperature methods like Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF), these techniques often increase oxygen content in coatings. Low-temperature processes, such as High-Velocity Air-Fuel (HVAF), reduce oxygen content, costs, and energy use while maintaining performance. This study investigates CuNiIn coatings deposited via Internal Diameter High-Velocity Air-Fuel (ID-HVAF) and HVOF. Both processes produced dense coatings with minimal oxidation. Friction increased from ∼0.49 at 25°C to ∼0.7 at 450°C, with minimal wear at 25°C and significant wear at 450°C. <em>Ex-situ</em> analysis revealed copper oxides glaze at 25°C reduced friction, while abrasive grooves dominated wear at 450°C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110544
Yiren Gao, Hongxia Li, Minjie Wang
Accurately describing the actual frictional behavior of tool-sheet interface during ultra-low-temperature forming is crucial for fabricating high-performance aluminum alloy thin-walled parts, but still faces significant challenges. Therefore, this paper developed novel multi-scale friction and contact models that considering real topography and microstructure of interface. The interface topography was determined by extracting the real profiles of tool and sheet surfaces, fitting and counting the geometry of surface asperities. The mechanical parameters of sheet soft surface microstructure were determined by relationship between grain size, stress and strain established trough constitutive modeling. The findings showed that newly proposed multi-scale friction model can not only accurately predict single asperity and macro-scale friction coefficients, but also quantitatively calculate adhesive and plowing friction coefficients.
{"title":"Multi-scale friction model considering interfacial topography and microstructure in ultra-low-temperature forming","authors":"Yiren Gao, Hongxia Li, Minjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately describing the actual frictional behavior of tool-sheet interface during ultra-low-temperature forming is crucial for fabricating high-performance aluminum alloy thin-walled parts, but still faces significant challenges. Therefore, this paper developed novel multi-scale friction and contact models that considering real topography and microstructure of interface. The interface topography was determined by extracting the real profiles of tool and sheet surfaces, fitting and counting the geometry of surface asperities. The mechanical parameters of sheet soft surface microstructure were determined by relationship between grain size, stress and strain established trough constitutive modeling. The findings showed that newly proposed multi-scale friction model can not only accurately predict single asperity and macro-scale friction coefficients, but also quantitatively calculate adhesive and plowing friction coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110542
Min Zheng , Zhiao Bian , Qichun Sun , Zongxiao Zhu , Jun Cheng , Hui Tan , Jun Yang
In this work, the friction-reduction and anti-wear (NiCr-20Cr3C2)-2Al-XAg coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The correlations among composition, microstructure, hardness and tribological performance in chloride molten salts at high temperature were investigated. The coatings exhibit a dense microstructure, with Ag notably enriching at the overlap regions. As the Ag content increases, both the friction coefficient and wear rate initially decrease and then rise. The synergistic effects of the ceramic phase, lubricating Ag, and corrosion-resistant phases of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 significantly enhance the tribological performance of the coatings in chloride molten salts. Among these, the (NiCr-20Cr3C2)-2Al-5Ag coating demonstrates outstanding friction-reducing and anti-wear properties, exhibiting an average friction coefficient of 0.11 and a wear rate of 9.8 × 10−6 mm3/N·m.
{"title":"High-temperature tribological performance of (NiCr-20Cr3C2)-2Al-XAg coatings in chloride molten salts","authors":"Min Zheng , Zhiao Bian , Qichun Sun , Zongxiao Zhu , Jun Cheng , Hui Tan , Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the friction-reduction and anti-wear (NiCr-20Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)-2Al-XAg coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The correlations among composition, microstructure, hardness and tribological performance in chloride molten salts at high temperature were investigated. The coatings exhibit a dense microstructure, with Ag notably enriching at the overlap regions. As the Ag content increases, both the friction coefficient and wear rate initially decrease and then rise. The synergistic effects of the ceramic phase, lubricating Ag, and corrosion-resistant phases of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> significantly enhance the tribological performance of the coatings in chloride molten salts. Among these, the (NiCr-20Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)-2Al-5Ag coating demonstrates outstanding friction-reducing and anti-wear properties, exhibiting an average friction coefficient of 0.11 and a wear rate of 9.8 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110543
Kuangxin Luo , Qi Yang , Zikai Wu , Qingtao Guo , Jing Lu , Fenghua Luo
Crack-free Ni-WC composite coatings with 60 wt% WC were prepared by adjusting the process parameters of PTAW. The effect of WC types on the friction and wear behaviour was evaluated using ball-on-disc friction test at room temperature. Cast WC particles were gradually worn from their edges, while the carbothermally reduced (C-R) WC particles began to be peeled off along the interface of their internal particles. The wear rate of Ni-WC coating is positively linearly correlated with dissipated energy, but negatively linearly correlated with the retained content of WC particles in the wear track. Compared to C-R WC, cast WC provided lower friction dissipated energy, a wear rate reduction of 10.24–68.32 %, and a hardness increase of 49.89 % for coatings.
{"title":"Tailoring high WC addition and crack-free Ni-WC coatings by PTAW: Establishing the relationship between the WC type, its retention and the wear resistance of coatings","authors":"Kuangxin Luo , Qi Yang , Zikai Wu , Qingtao Guo , Jing Lu , Fenghua Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crack-free Ni-WC composite coatings with 60 wt% WC were prepared by adjusting the process parameters of PTAW. The effect of WC types on the friction and wear behaviour was evaluated using ball-on-disc friction test at room temperature. Cast WC particles were gradually worn from their edges, while the carbothermally reduced (C-R) WC particles began to be peeled off along the interface of their internal particles. The wear rate of Ni-WC coating is positively linearly correlated with dissipated energy, but negatively linearly correlated with the retained content of WC particles in the wear track. Compared to C-R WC, cast WC provided lower friction dissipated energy, a wear rate reduction of 10.24–68.32 %, and a hardness increase of 49.89 % for coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110539
Yuchen Sun , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu , Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali
The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has underscored the critical need for efficient lubricants capable of addressing the challenges of the electrified interfaces. This research presents the tribological, thermal, and electrochemical corrosion characteristics of multilayered Ti3C2Tx MXene modified by tetradecylphosphonic acid (MXene@TDPA) as antiwear additives. Tribological investigations were performed utilizing an SRV friction tester under the influence of electrification. The results were then compared to those obtained from commercial oil currently used in EVs. The results demonstrate that the lubricant containing the MXene@TDPA additive exhibits superior anti-corrosion characteristics compared to the commercial oil. Notably, the results demonstrate that the MXene@TDPA additive achieves a significant improvement in antiwear properties of up to 77 % at 6 A and 100 °C. Furthermore, the MXene@TDPA additive maintains its lubrication performance across a wide temperature range up to 300 °C without seizure. This work highlights the potential of MXene-based additives to decrease the failure rate of mechanical components in EVs.
{"title":"Enhanced antiwear performance of EV lubricants with Ti3C2Tx MXene modified by tetradecylphosphonic acid under electrified conditions","authors":"Yuchen Sun , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu , Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has underscored the critical need for efficient lubricants capable of addressing the challenges of the electrified interfaces. This research presents the tribological, thermal, and electrochemical corrosion characteristics of multilayered Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene modified by tetradecylphosphonic acid (MXene@TDPA) as antiwear additives. Tribological investigations were performed utilizing an SRV friction tester under the influence of electrification. The results were then compared to those obtained from commercial oil currently used in EVs. The results demonstrate that the lubricant containing the MXene@TDPA additive exhibits superior anti-corrosion characteristics compared to the commercial oil. Notably, the results demonstrate that the MXene@TDPA additive achieves a significant improvement in antiwear properties of up to 77 % at 6 A and 100 °C. Furthermore, the MXene@TDPA additive maintains its lubrication performance across a wide temperature range up to 300 °C without seizure. This work highlights the potential of MXene-based additives to decrease the failure rate of mechanical components in EVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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