Tribology International最新文献_第4页

Dual-gradient heterostructures via laser surface processing for enhanced wear resistance of TiZrCr multi-principal element alloys 激光表面处理双梯度异质结构提高TiZrCr多主元素合金的耐磨性

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111565

Kaixuan Yu , Jialong Wang , Jun Cheng , Yushan Geng , Hui Tan , Shengyu Zhu , Jun Yang

Achieving high reliability under friction-thermal coupling requires materials that simultaneously exhibit stable friction behavior and exceptional wear resistance. This work implements a laser surface remelting (LSR) strategy on TiZrCr multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) under a controlled micro-oxygen atmosphere to construct dual-gradient heterostructures. The surface architecture comprises an oxygen-rich amorphous-nanocrystalline composite layer (∼183 nm) that transitions seamlessly to nano-dendritic sublayers with ∼50 nm arm widths. This hierarchical structure achieves surface microhardness of ∼1043 HV (about two times that of the substrate) while maintaining stable, low coefficient of friction (∼ 0.21) at room temperature. Wear rate reduction reaches one order of magnitude at room temperature and 77 % at 600°C compared to untreated alloys. Specifically, the wear rates at room temperature and elevated temperature were 2.3 × 10⁻⁵ mm³N⁻¹m⁻¹ and 18.3 × 10⁻⁵ mm³N⁻¹m⁻¹, respectively. These performance enhancements result from synergistic strengthening mechanisms, including Hall-Petch effects, TiO₂/ZrO₂ nanoparticle dispersion strengthening, interstitial oxygen solid solution strengthening, and optimized amorphous-BCC/Laves interfaces that suppress stress concentration and crack nucleation. The LSR-enabled dual-gradient architecture provides a versatile design methodology for MPEA surfaces operating across broad temperature ranges.

在摩擦-热耦合条件下实现高可靠性要求材料同时具有稳定的摩擦性能和优异的耐磨性。在可控的微氧气氛下，对TiZrCr多主元素合金（mpea）进行了激光表面重熔（LSR），构建了双梯度异质结构。表面结构包括富氧非晶纳米复合层（~ 183 nm），无缝过渡到臂宽为~ 50 nm的纳米枝晶亚层。这种分层结构的表面显微硬度达到~ 1043 HV（约为基材的两倍），同时在室温下保持稳定、低摩擦系数（~ 0.21）。与未经处理的合金相比，室温下的磨损率降低了一个数量级，600℃时的磨损率降低了77 %。其中，室温和高温下的磨损率分别为2.3 × 10−5 mm3N−1m−1和18.3 × 10−5 mm3N−1m−1。这些性能的增强来自于协同强化机制，包括Hall-Petch效应、tio2 /ZrO₂纳米颗粒分散强化、间隙氧固溶体强化以及优化的非晶bcc /Laves界面，这些界面抑制了应力集中和裂纹成核。支持lsr的双梯度架构为MPEA表面在宽温度范围内工作提供了一种通用的设计方法。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced tribological performance of polar lubricants using deep eutectic solvent-modified graphene oxide additives 使用深度共晶溶剂改性氧化石墨烯添加剂增强极性润滑剂的摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111442

Guanlin Ren , Zheng Wang , Wanting Li , Qiulong Gao , Liqiang Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Daoai Wang

The poor dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in polar base oils has hindered its broader application as a lubricant additive. Herein, GO was functionalized with a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) to enhance its dispersibility and subsequently incorporated into polyethylene glycol (PEG) and deionized water (DIW). The DES-modified GO exhibited significantly enhanced stability and tribological performance. In particular, its lubricating effect was more pronounced in DIW than in PEG, with an optimal concentration of 3 % identified for both media. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the enhanced performance originated from a synergistic effect between the tribochemical film formed by DES and the boundary film of GO nanosheets. These findings provide new insights and theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance polar lubricants.

氧化石墨烯在极性基础油中的分散性差，阻碍了其作为润滑油添加剂的广泛应用。在本研究中，氧化石墨烯被绿色深共晶溶剂（DES）功能化以增强其分散性，随后被掺入聚乙二醇（PEG）和去离子水（DIW）中。des修饰的氧化石墨烯表现出明显增强的稳定性和摩擦学性能。特别是，它的润滑作用在DIW中比在PEG中更明显，两种介质的最佳浓度均为3 %。机理分析表明，氧化石墨烯纳米片的摩擦化学膜与氧化石墨烯纳米片的边界膜之间产生了协同效应。这些发现为高性能极性润滑油的开发提供了新的见解和理论指导。

引用次数: 0

Influence of textile filament counts on friction between hydrogel and textile-covered rubber sheet in water 织物长丝数对水凝胶与织物包覆橡胶片在水中摩擦的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111567

Shin Ito , Toshiaki Nishi , Takaaki Nakajima , Yuto Endo , Yuto Sakaguchi , Noriko Tsuruoka , Yoichi Haga , Takeshi Yamaguchi

Microrobots designed to operate in swarms from silicone rubber balloon scaffolds inserted in the colon are being developed to make flexible endoscopic procedures safer and simpler. However, one challenge in this approach is that the balloon may slip along the intestinal wall due to lubrication by intestinal fluid. Although previous research has shown that covering the silicone rubber scaffold with gauze enhances friction with the intestinal wall, the underlying mechanism of this enhancement remains unknown. To clarify the origin of this friction, the present study investigates how textile structure affects friction. We used poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels to model intestinal walls and measured the friction between the hydrogel and silicone rubber specimens covered with textiles of various filament counts. The highest friction coefficient is obtained for textiles with a high filament count, possibly due to increased adhesive friction caused by air bubbles between fibers and increased hysteresis friction caused by the larger number of fibers. These results demonstrate that friction at the intestine–balloon interface can be enhanced by covering the silicone rubber balloon scaffold with a multifilament textile.

为了使灵活的内窥镜检查更安全、更简单，人们正在开发一种微型机器人，这种机器人被设计成从插入结肠的硅橡胶气球支架中成群结队地操作。然而，这种方法的一个挑战是由于肠液的润滑，球囊可能沿着肠壁滑动。尽管先前的研究表明，用纱布覆盖硅橡胶支架可以增强与肠壁的摩擦，但这种增强的潜在机制尚不清楚。为了弄清这种摩擦的起源，本研究探讨了织物结构对摩擦的影响。我们使用聚乙烯醇水凝胶来模拟肠壁，并测量了水凝胶和覆盖不同长丝数纺织品的硅橡胶样品之间的摩擦。长丝数高的纺织品的摩擦系数最高，这可能是由于纤维之间的气泡引起的粘着摩擦增加和纤维数量增加引起的迟滞摩擦增加。这些结果表明，在硅橡胶球囊支架上覆盖一层多丝织物可以增强肠道-球囊界面的摩擦。

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引用次数: 0

Fretting operating behavior and damage mechanism evolution of GH4169 superalloy at high temperature GH4169高温合金高温微动操作行为及损伤机制演变

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111568

Sisi Liu , Zhenghang Yang , Qifan Zeng , Xiaoxuan Tu , Wenxiang Shu , Jingang Liu

Fretting wear is a primary cause of fracture failure in turbine blades and other aero-engine components, severely limiting the reliability of advanced engines. This study investigated the fretting behavior of turbine material GH4169 superalloy at 800 °C. Based on the tests, running condition fretting maps (RCFMs) and material response fretting maps (MRFMs) were established for both 800 °C and room temperature. The influence of temperature on the fretting response and damage mechanisms was analyzed, revealing the critical mechanism of crack penetration and propagation within the high-temperature transition regime. Results demonstrate that temperature substantially influences the friction force of the fretting system in the global slip regime (GSR) but has minimal effect in the partial slip regime (PSR) and mixed fretting regime (MFR). At room temperature, damage mechanisms include slight surface scratching in PSR, adhesive wear and oxidation in MFR, and surface delamination with spalling in GSR. Among these regimes, MFR exhibits the lowest wear rate. Elevated temperature intensifies adhesive effects, enhances material transfer, and reduces brittle spallation, but introduces severe fatigue cracks during the transition from MFR to GSR. These cracks penetrate and propagate into the material interior, resulting in more dangerous damage to the contact surface interface.

微动磨损是涡轮叶片和其他航空发动机部件断裂失效的主要原因，严重限制了先进发动机的可靠性。研究了涡轮材料GH4169高温合金在800℃时的微动行为。在此基础上，分别建立了800℃和室温下的工况微动图（RCFMs）和材料响应微动图（MRFMs）。分析了温度对微动响应和损伤机理的影响，揭示了高温过渡区内裂纹渗透和扩展的关键机理。结果表明，温度对整体滑移状态（GSR）微动系统的摩擦力有显著影响，而对部分滑移状态（PSR）和混合滑移状态（MFR）的摩擦力影响最小。在室温下，PSR的损伤机制包括轻微的表面划伤，MFR的粘附磨损和氧化，GSR的表面分层和剥落。其中，MFR的磨损率最低。升高的温度增强了粘接效应，增强了材料传递，减少了脆性剥落，但在从MFR到GSR的转变过程中引入了严重的疲劳裂纹。这些裂纹渗透并扩展到材料内部，对接触面界面造成更危险的破坏。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of hydrogen gas on the friction and wear characteristics of lubricant additives 氢气对润滑油添加剂摩擦磨损特性的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111564

Shogo Eryu , Hiroyoshi Tanaka , Ko Onodera , Kazuyuki Yagi

This study investigates the influence of hydrogen gas atmosphere on the tribological behaviour of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives with different molecular structures. Tri-pin-on-disc tribological tests were conducted under hydrogen (H₂), dried air (Air), and argon (Ar) atmospheres using lubricant oils containing either primary (Pri.) or secondary (Sec.) ZDDP. The results revealed that gas atmosphere has significant and contrasting effects on friction and wear characteristics depending on the ZDDP alkyl chain structure. For Sec. ZDDP, wear scar diameter followed the order H₂ < Air < Ar, with the best performance observed in H₂, while Pri. ZDDP exhibited the opposite trend of Ar < Air < H₂, with scuffing occurring in H₂. Surface analyses demonstrated that Sec. ZDDP formed tribofilms with a higher ratio of bridging oxygen/non-bridging oxygen (BO/NBO) and greater sulfur distribution in H₂ atmosphere. These findings provide important insights for optimising lubricant formulation in hydrogen-rich environments such as hydrogen engines and offer new perspectives on tribofilm formation mechanisms under alternative atmospheric conditions.

研究了氢气气氛对具有不同分子结构的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）添加剂摩擦学性能的影响。在氢气（H2）、干燥空气（air）和氩气（Ar）气氛下，使用含有一次（Pri.）或二次（Sec.） ZDDP的润滑油进行三销盘摩擦学测试。结果表明，气体气氛对ZDDP的摩擦磨损特性有显著的影响，且影响程度不同。ZDDP组磨损疤痕直径的大小顺序为H2 <； Air <； Ar，其中H2表现最好，而ZDDP组磨损疤痕的大小顺序为Ar <； Air <； H2，磨损发生在H2。表面分析表明，Sec. ZDDP在H2气氛下形成的摩擦膜具有更高的桥氧/非桥氧比（BO/NBO）和更大的硫分布。这些发现为优化氢发动机等富氢环境下的润滑油配方提供了重要见解，并为研究不同大气条件下摩擦膜形成机制提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the tribological properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and their microcellular foams with different soft/hard segment ratio under chemical mechanical polishing conditions 化学机械抛光条件下热塑性聚氨酯及其不同软/硬段比微孔泡沫的摩擦学性能研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111544

Xuwei Li , Yichong Chen , Yulian Cao , Xiaojia Wang , Wenxin Zhang , Dongdong Hu , Ling Zhao

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) of silicon carbide (SiC) imposes strict requirements on the wear and oxidation resistance of polishing pads. In this study, three thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with identical chemistry but different soft/hard segment ratio were systematically investigated through molecular simulations, thermal, rheological, and mechanical measurements to establish structure–property relationships. Microcellular foams with comparable expansion ratio and cell size were fabricated via supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) foaming, and their wear and tribological behaviors were systematically examined under oxidative and abrasive environments relevant to CMP. Results show that increasing hard segment content enhances chain rigidity, hydrogen bonding but reduces ductility. Compared with unfoamed TPUs, foams exhibit superior wear and oxidation resistance owing to their cellular structure that impedes oxidant penetration. Tribological behavior strongly depends on soft/hard segment ratio, load, and sliding speed: 40D foams provide stable friction and low-damage surfaces at low load and speed; 60D foams form stable tribo-films at intermediate load and speed, balancing stability and smoothness; whereas rigid 75D foams suffer poor conformability, causing severe scratching except under low load and intermediate speed. These findings highlight the coupled effects of soft/hard segment ratio and cellular structure on TPU tribological performance and offer mechanistic insights for designing CMP pads with enhanced durability, controlled friction, and improved planarization efficiency.

碳化硅化学机械抛光（CMP）对抛光垫的耐磨性和抗氧化性提出了严格的要求。在这项研究中，通过分子模拟、热、流变和力学测量，系统地研究了三种化学性质相同但软/硬段比不同的热塑性聚氨酯（tpu）的结构-性能关系。采用超临界二氧化碳（CO2）发泡法制备了膨胀比和孔尺寸相当的微孔泡沫，并对其在CMP相关的氧化和磨料环境下的磨损和摩擦学行为进行了系统研究。结果表明，增加硬段含量可提高链刚度和氢键，但降低延展性。与非泡沫tpu相比，泡沫tpu具有更好的抗磨损性和抗氧化性，因为它们的细胞结构可以阻止氧化剂的渗透。摩擦学性能在很大程度上取决于软/硬段比、载荷和滑动速度：40D泡沫在低载荷和低速度下提供稳定的摩擦和低损伤表面；60D泡沫在中等载荷和速度下形成稳定的摩擦膜，平衡稳定、平滑；而刚性75D泡沫的一致性较差，除了在低负荷和中速下，会造成严重的划伤。这些发现强调了软/硬段比和细胞结构对TPU摩擦学性能的耦合影响，并为设计具有增强耐用性、控制摩擦和提高平面化效率的CMP垫提供了机理见解。

{"title":"Study on the tribological properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and their microcellular foams with different soft/hard segment ratio under chemical mechanical polishing conditions","authors":"Xuwei Li , Yichong Chen , Yulian Cao , Xiaojia Wang , Wenxin Zhang , Dongdong Hu , Ling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) of silicon carbide (SiC) imposes strict requirements on the wear and oxidation resistance of polishing pads. In this study, three thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with identical chemistry but different soft/hard segment ratio were systematically investigated through molecular simulations, thermal, rheological, and mechanical measurements to establish structure–property relationships. Microcellular foams with comparable expansion ratio and cell size were fabricated via supercritical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) foaming, and their wear and tribological behaviors were systematically examined under oxidative and abrasive environments relevant to CMP. Results show that increasing hard segment content enhances chain rigidity, hydrogen bonding but reduces ductility. Compared with unfoamed TPUs, foams exhibit superior wear and oxidation resistance owing to their cellular structure that impedes oxidant penetration. Tribological behavior strongly depends on soft/hard segment ratio, load, and sliding speed: 40D foams provide stable friction and low-damage surfaces at low load and speed; 60D foams form stable tribo-films at intermediate load and speed, balancing stability and smoothness; whereas rigid 75D foams suffer poor conformability, causing severe scratching except under low load and intermediate speed. These findings highlight the coupled effects of soft/hard segment ratio and cellular structure on TPU tribological performance and offer mechanistic insights for designing CMP pads with enhanced durability, controlled friction, and improved planarization efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Nb/Mo addition on the tribocorrosion behavior of Ni20Cr-based alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution 添加Nb/Mo对ni20cr基合金在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中摩擦腐蚀行为的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111554

Lan Huang , Zhongbo Wang , Minghui Chen , Fuhui Wang

This work utilized mechanical alloying combined with spark plasma sintering to fabricate a Ni20Cr-based alloy co-doped with 15 wt% Nb and 15 wt% Mo (15Nb15Mo). The 15Nb15Mo demonstrates outstanding tribocorrosion performance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, exhibiting an ultralow friction coefficient of 0.07 and a remarkably reduced wear rate of 3.0 × 10⁻⁶ mm³ /(Nm). Microstructural investigation reveals that Mo promotes the formation of layered Mo-rich hydrated oxides, contributing to enhanced lubricity during tribocorrosion. Concurrently, Nb effectively strengthens the second phases, providing mechanical support for wear mitigation. Moreover, the fine grains in the second phase facilitates rapid elemental diffusion of Nb and Mo along grain boundaries, ensuring continuous replenishment of the tribolayer. By elucidating the aforementioned mechanisms, this study addresses the bottleneck issue of marine environment alloy materials being unable to be oil-lubricated, providing new insights for the design of underwater seals, bearings, and other moving and transmission components in marine environments.

本研究利用机械合金化与火花等离子烧结相结合的方法制备了掺有15 wt% Nb和15 wt% Mo的ni20cr基合金（15Nb15Mo）。15Nb15Mo在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中表现出优异的摩擦腐蚀性能，表现出0.07的超低摩擦系数和3.0 × 10⁻26 mm³ /(Nm)的显著降低磨损率。微观结构研究表明，Mo促进层状富Mo水合氧化物的形成，有助于增强摩擦腐蚀过程中的润滑性。同时，Nb有效地强化了第二阶段，为减缓磨损提供了机械支持。此外，第二相的细晶粒促进了Nb和Mo元素沿晶界的快速扩散，保证了摩擦层的不断补充。通过阐明上述机理，本研究解决了海洋环境合金材料不能油润滑的瓶颈问题，为海洋环境下水下密封件、轴承和其他运动和传动部件的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Adhesive contact modeling of FGMs with force-like imperfections 具有力样缺陷的fgm的粘接接触建模

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111555

Xuefeng Tang , Wanyou Yang , Yong Zhao , Yong Yang

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are widely used in MEMS/NEMS. However, interfacial imperfections, often introduced by fabrication processes, can significantly affect contact behavior but have received limited attention. This study derives the frequency response functions (FRFs) of FGM-coated layered media incorporating force-like imperfections. An adhesive contact model is then developed by integrating this into adhesive contact framework for layered media. The model is validated against FEM simulations and existing results, followed by analysis of the combined effects of FGM gradient and force-like imperfections on adhesive force and interfacial normal stress. Results show that force-like imperfections enhance adhesive force, especially in systems with large Tabor parameters, while their effect is limited in small Tabor systems. FGM influences adhesion in systems with perfect interfaces, but severe imperfections suppress this effect. Both FGM and force-like imperfections affect adhesion by altering surface deformation and adhesive pressure distribution. Considering inevitable surface roughness, a wavy surface is introduced to examine its combined impact. Increasing surface amplitude reduces adhesion and weakens the roles of FGM and imperfections. Finally, the interfacial stress continuity is evaluated under varying normal stress jumping coefficients and modulus gradients. Force-like imperfections reduce stress continuity, with severe cases inducing large stress jumps and violating the stress-smoothing effect of FGM. In summary, while FGM layers can modify adhesion and stress continuity, their benefits are significantly diminished by surface roughness and interfacial imperfections.

功能梯度材料在MEMS/NEMS中有着广泛的应用。然而，通常由制造过程引入的界面缺陷会显著影响接触行为，但受到的关注有限。本研究推导了含力缺陷的fgm涂层层状介质的频率响应函数（frf）。然后通过将其集成到分层介质的粘着接触框架中，建立了粘着接触模型。通过有限元模拟和已有结果对模型进行了验证，分析了FGM梯度和类力缺陷对黏结力和界面法向应力的综合影响。结果表明，类力缺陷增强了粘接力，特别是在大Tabor系统中，而在小Tabor系统中效果有限。FGM会影响具有完美界面的系统的粘附性，但严重的缺陷会抑制这种效果。FGM和类力缺陷都通过改变表面变形和粘接压力分布来影响粘接。考虑到不可避免的表面粗糙度，引入波浪表面来检验其综合影响。增加表面振幅可降低附着力，减弱FGM和缺陷的作用。最后，在不同的正应力跳跃系数和模量梯度下，对界面应力连续性进行了计算。类力缺陷降低了应力连续性，严重的情况下会引起较大的应力跳变，破坏FGM的应力平滑效果。总之，虽然FGM层可以改变附着力和应力连续性，但表面粗糙度和界面缺陷显著降低了它们的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Sintering controlled heterogeneous structures in Ti3AlC2-Cu composites showing superior tribological properties 烧结控制Ti3AlC2-Cu复合材料的非均相结构表现出优异的摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111551

Liyu Zhou , Dongting Li , Kaiqiang Wang , Jie Yu , Wanjie Sun , Lu Wang , Ying Liu , Renquan Wang , Hengjun Luo , Detao Zeng , Chang Liu

The rapid development of aerospace and mechanical manufacturing technologies poses a strong challenge for solid lubricant materials, which need to combine strong, lubricity, and wear resistance under heavy loading conditions. However, traditional solid lubricants based on the van der Waals interlayer lubrication mechanism are highly prone to failure under such severe environments. This study proposes a strategy to simultaneously improve the strength and wear resistance of copper matrix composites by incorporating MAX phase Ti₃AlC₂ ceramics via constructing a tailored heterogeneous microstructure. Significant interdiffusion occurs at the Cu/Ti₃AlC₂ interface when sintering at 1000 °C, initiating a decomposition process that transforms Ti₃AlC₂ into TiCx particles. The nanoscale TiCx particles are dispersed with high distribution density throughout the Cu(Al) solid solution, leading to the development of a localized heterogeneous microtexture. As a result, the Ti₃AlC₂-Cu composites sintered at 1000 °C demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties, achieving a remarkable hardness of 1011 HV₁ and an ultimate compressive strength of 1673 MPa. And the friction coefficient and wear rate reach minimum values of 0.214 and 1.39 × 10⁻⁷mm³/(N·m) under even 2.15 GPa. The significantly enhanced wear resistance and lubricity of the composites are attributed to the synergistic effect of the strong load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance provided by the micro-textured architecture, combined with the lubricating and protective properties of the oxide film. This work provides a viable solution to the technical challenge of simultaneously achieving excellent lubrication and wear resistance in tribological components for high-end equipment operating.

航空航天和机械制造技术的快速发展对固体润滑剂材料提出了强烈的挑战，固体润滑剂材料需要在重载条件下结合强、润滑性和耐磨性。然而，基于范德华层间润滑机制的传统固体润滑剂在如此恶劣的环境下极易失效。本研究提出了一种策略，通过构建定制的非均相微观结构，加入MAX相Ti3AlC2陶瓷，同时提高铜基复合材料的强度和耐磨性。在1000℃烧结时，Cu/Ti3AlC2界面发生了明显的相互扩散，引发了Ti3AlC2转化为TiCx颗粒的分解过程。纳米级TiCx颗粒以较高的分布密度分散在Cu（Al）固溶体中，形成局域非均质显微织构。因此，在1000°C烧结的Ti3AlC2-Cu复合材料表现出优异的机械性能，达到1011 HV 1的显著硬度和1673 MPa的极限抗压强度。摩擦系数和磨损率在2.15 GPa下达到最小值，分别为0.214和1.39 × 10⁻7mm3/（N·m）。复合材料的耐磨性和润滑性显著增强是由于微织构结构提供的强大承载能力和抗变形能力与氧化膜的润滑和保护性能相结合的协同作用。这项工作为同时实现高端设备运行中摩擦学部件的优异润滑和耐磨性的技术挑战提供了可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of synergistic effect between PDA-PEI-mediated interface bonding optimization and transfer film formation in regulating the tribological properties of aramid particle/PTFE composites 芳纶颗粒/聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦学性能调控中，pda - pei介导的界面键合优化与转移膜形成的协同作用机制

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111558

Shan Huang , Xiaoliang Fang , Yanguo Yin , Wei Liu , Qi Chen , Xiaozeng Guo

Aramid particles (AP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) impart tribological application potential to AP/PTFE composites, but weak interfacial bonding and poor formation of high-quality transfer films hinder performance enhancement. In this study, AP was surface-functionalized using a simple, mild, eco-friendly polydopamine (PDA)-polyethylenimine (PEI) synergistic strategy to fabricate AP-PDA-PEI/PTFE composites. Systematic investigations were conducted on their microscopic mechanical properties, tensile strength, tribological performance, and underlying mechanisms. Results indicate that PDA-PEI modification enhances the interfacial microscopic mechanical properties between AP and PTFE. Compared to AP/PTFE, the modified composite’s interfacial modulus is increased by 89.67 %. AP₁₀-PDA-PEI/PTFE exhibits a tensile strength of 35 MPa, 59.1 % higher than AP₁₀/PTFE. Characterizations of interfacial microtopography and elemental distribution confirm enhanced interfacial bonding. At 3 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 10 MPa, AP₁₀/PTFE has average friction coefficients of 0.185, 0.157, and 0.150, respectively, with wear rates of ∼10⁻⁶ mm³/(N·m). In contrast, AP₁₀-PDA-PEI/PTFE shows optimal tribological performance: its average friction coefficients are reduced by 15.1 %, 12.0 %, and 30.2 %, with wear rate decreased to ∼10⁻⁷ mm³/(N·m) (one order of magnitude lower than unmodified AP₁₀/PTFE). Wear scar and transfer film characterizations reveal that the composite’s excellent performance stems from the synergy of optimized interfacial bonding and transfer film formation. Enhanced interfacial bonding inhibits AP debonding, while transfer film formation facilitates tribochemical reactions. This transforms the sliding contact mode to tribofilm-transfer film contact, achieving stable, low-wear lubrication.

芳纶颗粒（AP）和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为AP/PTFE复合材料提供了摩擦学应用潜力，但界面结合薄弱和高质量转移膜的形成不良阻碍了性能的提高。本研究采用简单、温和、环保的聚多巴胺(PDA)-聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）协同策略对AP进行表面功能化，制备AP-PDA-PEI/PTFE复合材料。对其微观力学性能、抗拉强度、摩擦学性能及其机理进行了系统的研究。结果表明，PDA-PEI改性提高了AP与PTFE的界面微观力学性能。与AP/PTFE相比，改性后的复合材料的界面模量提高了89.67 %。AP10- pda - pei /PTFE的抗拉强度为35 MPa，比AP10/PTFE高59.1% %。界面微形貌和元素分布的表征证实了界面结合的增强。在3 MPa、6.5 MPa和10 MPa下，AP10/PTFE的平均摩擦系数分别为0.185、0.157和0.150，磨损率为~ 10−6 mm3/（N·m）。相比之下，AP10- pda - pei /PTFE表现出最佳的摩擦学性能：其平均摩擦系数降低了15.1 %，12.0 %和30.2 %，磨损率降低到~ 10−7 mm3/(N·m)（比未改性的AP10/PTFE低一个数量级）。磨损疤痕和转移膜的表征表明，复合材料的优异性能源于优化的界面结合和转移膜形成的协同作用。增强的界面键合抑制AP脱键，而转移膜的形成促进了摩擦化学反应。这将滑动接触模式转变为摩擦膜转移膜接触，实现稳定，低磨损的润滑。

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