Tribology International最新文献_第4页

Research on the shape-dependence of nano-copper and the friction and lubrication mechanisms under the synergistic effect of multiple shapes 纳米铜的形状依赖性及多形状协同作用下的摩擦润滑机理研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111832

Jing Xu , Dongxiang Xu , Hao Lu , Junyan Yang , Wissal Mahfoudi , JiaDi Lian

Based on the molecular dynamics simulation method, a Couette flow boundary lubrication molecular dynamics model was established to investigate the shape-dependence of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and the influence of the synergistic effect of multiple shapes on the tribological properties, thus revealing the shape-dependence in single-shape lubrication systems and elucidating the synergistic lubrication mechanism of multi-shape CuNPs. The results showed that in single-shape lubrication systems, lamellar CuNPs exhibited optimal friction-reducing performance during the initial lubrication stage due to their ability to form a lubricating copper film. However, lamellar CuNPs tended to adhere to friction surface asperities in later stages, causing adhesive wear. Columnar CuNPs exacerbated wear depth due to stress concentration at their tips. Spherical CuNPs demonstrated the best overall lubrication and friction-reducing effects due their minimal contact area and resistance to adhesion and particle detachment. Polyhedron CuNPs, being morphologically unstable, gradually transformed into spherical CuNPs. In the multi-shape synergistic lubrication system, the combination of spherical-lamellar CuNPs exhibited the best synergistic lubrication performance, significantly reducing the average frictional force by 36.5 %, normal force by 49 %, and wear rate by 15.7 %. This performance is attributed to the lamellar CuNPs initially formed a stable lubricating film to bear the load, while the spherical CuNPs were subsequently extruded into a secondary dynamic film to fill gaps. Together, they achieved efficient friction reduction and wear resistance by isolating the friction surfaces, enabling atomic-level self-repair, and exhibiting a rolling bearing effect. The aforementioned research provided a theoretical foundation for predicting performance and developing water-based nanoscale lubrication systems.

基于分子动力学模拟方法，建立Couette流动边界润滑分子动力学模型，研究铜纳米颗粒的形状依赖性和多形状协同效应对摩擦学性能的影响，从而揭示单形状润滑系统的形状依赖性，阐明多形状铜纳米颗粒的协同润滑机理。结果表明，在单一形状的润滑系统中，由于层状铜纳米管能够形成润滑铜膜，在初始润滑阶段表现出最佳的减摩性能。然而，在后期阶段，片层状粘结剂倾向于粘附在摩擦表面的凹凸不平处，造成粘着磨损。由于其尖端的应力集中，柱状ccp加剧了磨损深度。球形CuNPs由于其最小的接触面积、抗粘附性和颗粒脱落性，表现出最佳的整体润滑和减少摩擦的效果。由于多面体孔蛋白在形态上不稳定，逐渐转变为球形孔蛋白。在多形状协同润滑系统中，球-片层组合的协同润滑效果最好，平均摩擦力显著降低36.5% %，法向力显著降低49% %，磨损率显著降低15.7% %。这一性能归因于层状CuNPs最初形成了稳定的润滑膜来承受载荷，而球形CuNPs随后被挤压成二次动态膜来填充间隙。通过隔离摩擦表面，实现原子级自我修复，并表现出滚动轴承效应，它们共同实现了有效的摩擦减少和耐磨性。上述研究为水基纳米润滑系统的性能预测和开发提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Vacuum tribology in space applications: A review of failure mechanisms, solid lubricants, and reliability-centered design 真空摩擦学在空间中的应用：失效机制、固体润滑剂和以可靠性为中心的设计综述

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111807

Rashed Kaiser, Andreas A. Polycarpou

Space mechanisms face severe tribological challenges in vacuum environments where conventional lubrication fails due to surface activation, evaporation, extreme temperatures, radiation, and long-term maintenance-free operation. Friction and wear are dominated by vacuum-induced failure modes rather than load or speed. This review analyzes key failure mechanisms—adhesion, cold welding, lubricant starvation, cryogenic friction rise, regolith abrasion, and degradation—based on spacecraft anomalies and operational history. Solid lubrication strategies, including lamellar materials, carbon coatings, polymers, soft metals, and composite systems, are evaluated for their ability to mitigate these failures. A failure-mode mapping framework and reliability-centered design approach are proposed to guide material selection and ensure lifetime performance. Practical recommendations aim to enable robust tribosystems for extended space missions.

在真空环境中，由于表面活化、蒸发、极端温度、辐射和长期免维护运行，传统润滑失效，空间机构面临着严峻的摩擦学挑战。摩擦和磨损主要是由真空引起的失效模式而不是负载或速度。本文基于航天器异常和运行历史分析了关键失效机制——粘附、冷焊、润滑剂缺乏、低温摩擦上升、风化层磨损和退化。固体润滑策略，包括层状材料、碳涂层、聚合物、软金属和复合材料系统，对其减轻这些故障的能力进行了评估。提出了一种故障模式映射框架和以可靠性为中心的设计方法来指导材料的选择和确保寿命性能。实际建议的目的是使坚固的摩擦系统能够用于扩展的空间任务。

引用次数: 0

Effect of femtosecond laser microstructuring on tribological properties of CrN coatings under engine lubricants 飞秒激光微结构对发动机润滑油CrN涂层摩擦学性能的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111741

Rubenson Mareus , Amaël Caillard , Nadjib Semmar , Lynda Lounis , Anne-Lise Thomann , Loïc Gimenez , Agnès Petit , Matthieu Amigou , Caroline Richard

This study investigates the triple synergy between physical vapor deposited (PVD) CrN coatings, femtosecond laser surface texturing (LST), and lubricant rheology. CrN coatings were structured with micro-dimples (15 µm and 25 µm diameters) and evaluated under three synthetic lubricants with varying viscosities (VG 100, 5W50, and 5W30) using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation between film resistance (ECR), friction coefficient, and wear volume. VG 100 exhibited the superior performance, achieving an immediate 100 % ECR and the lowest CoF, particularly for the 15 µm textured surface, confirming that this geometry optimizes hydrodynamic lift when combined with high-viscosity lubricants. However, a significant tribological trade-off was observed with lower viscosity oils. While the 15 µm texture eventually reduces friction with 5W30 oil, it significantly delays the stabilization of the lubricant film, with a 100 % ECR reached only after a prolonged 800 s "run-in" period. This delay under mixed lubrication conditions directly correlates with the higher wear volumes measured for the 5W30 oil. Post-test analysis confirms that the high hardness of the CrN coating (21–30 GPa) is essential to maintain the structural integrity of the dimples, preventing edge collapse during this critical initial contact phase. These findings highlight that laser surface texturing parameters must be carefully tuned to the specific lubricant viscosity to prevent excessive initial wear during the film stabilization phase, providing a roadmap for the design of optimized high-efficiency tribosystems.

本研究探讨了物理气相沉积（PVD） CrN涂层、飞秒激光表面纹理（LST）和润滑剂流变性之间的三重协同作用。CrN涂层具有微凹窝结构（直径分别为15 µm和25 µm），并在三种不同粘度的合成润滑油（VG 100、5W50和5W30）下使用高频往复装置（HFRR）进行评估。实验结果表明，膜阻力（ECR）、摩擦系数和磨损量之间存在很强的相关性。VG 100表现出了卓越的性能，立即实现了100% %的ECR和最低的CoF，特别是对于15 µm的纹理表面，证实了这种几何形状在与高粘度润滑剂结合时优化了流体动力升力。然而，在低粘度油中观察到明显的摩擦学权衡。虽然15 µm的织体最终减少了与5W30油的摩擦，但它显著延迟了润滑膜的稳定，只有在800 µm的磨合期后才能达到100% %的ECR。混合润滑条件下的这种延迟与5W30油的高磨损量直接相关。测试后分析证实，CrN涂层的高硬度（21-30 GPa）对于保持韧窝的结构完整性至关重要，可以防止在关键的初始接触阶段边缘坍塌。这些发现强调，激光表面纹理参数必须仔细调整到特定的润滑剂粘度，以防止在膜稳定阶段过度的初始磨损，为优化高效摩擦系统的设计提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of surface texturing on sliding behaviour of ice adhered to material surfaces 表面纹理对粘附在材料表面的冰滑动行为的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111837

Ryo Suzuki , Hideaki Hamachi , Yuta Nakashima , Yoshitaka Nakanishi

Ice adhesion on material surfaces creates significant safety and performance challenges in transportation, power generation, and infrastructure. Conventional de-icing methods typically rely on thermal input to induce melting, where heating at the ice–surface interface forms a thin water film that lowers shear strength and enables sliding. This study investigates how surface texturing can enhance de-icing efficiency by modulating surface wettability and thermal conductivity. Crown glass and acrylic plates were fabricated with four surface types: untextured (flat), mechanically roughened (rough), cylindrical (disk), and micropillars with rounded tips (rounded). Ice pillars were adhered to these surfaces and heated using a transparent film heater. Sliding initiation time, initiation temperature, and sliding velocity were measured, and surface wettability and water retention were evaluated using contact and sliding angle tests. On glass, thermal conductivity and mechanical interlocking due to surface textures strongly influenced initiation time. On acrylic, wettability dominated: hydrophilic textures promoted interfacial water film spreading and reduced initiation times. After sliding began, water retention governed velocity. Acrylic, which retained more water, exhibited water film breakage and reduced sliding velocity, while textured glass with low water retention achieved the highest velocities. These results demonstrate that surface texturing effectively controls water film formation and ice sliding behaviour, contributing to the development of smoother and more energy-efficient de-icing strategies.

在交通运输、发电和基础设施领域，冰在材料表面的粘附性给安全和性能带来了重大挑战。传统的除冰方法通常依赖于热输入来诱导融化，其中冰表面界面的加热形成了一层薄水膜，降低了抗剪强度并导致滑动。本研究探讨了表面纹理如何通过调节表面润湿性和导热性来提高除冰效率。皇冠玻璃和亚克力板有四种表面类型：无纹理（平面），机械粗糙（粗糙），圆柱形（圆盘）和带有圆形尖端的微柱（圆形）。冰柱粘附在这些表面上，并用透明薄膜加热器加热。测量了滑动起始时间、起始温度和滑动速度，并通过接触和滑动角测试评估了表面润湿性和保水性。在玻璃上，由于表面纹理，热导率和机械联锁强烈影响起始时间。在丙烯酸酯上，润湿性占主导地位：亲水性织构促进界面水膜的铺展，减少起始时间。滑动开始后，保水控制速度。丙烯酸树脂的保水率较高，水膜断裂，滑动速度降低，而保水率较低的纹理玻璃的滑动速度最高。这些结果表明，表面纹理化有效地控制了水膜的形成和冰的滑动行为，有助于开发更顺畅、更节能的除冰策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental analysis of shim–tappet dynamics and friction modifier effects in engine valvetrain using an advanced measurement technique 用先进的测量技术试验分析了发动机气门机构中垫片-挺杆动力学和摩擦调节剂效应

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111799

Sehrish Shahnawaz , Riaz Ahmad Mufti , Muhammad Talha Manzoor , Waleed Al-Sallami , Mian Ashfaq Ali , Rehan Zahid , Jawad Aslam , Muhammad Khurram

The pursuit for fuel-efficient and durable engines has intensified the need to understand frictional losses in valvetrain systems operating mainly under boundary and mixed lubrication. This study introduces an advanced in-situ technique based on giant magneto-resistive (GMR) chip to directly measure independent tappet and shim rotation linked with friction measurement in a production engine head without altering its geometry. Complementary experiments were conducted on a reciprocating rig using real engine components to validate the findings. Tests with SAE 30 base oil and four friction modifiers namely MoDTC, Molyvan, Polymeric, and an Organic friction modifier (OFM) showed that MoDTC consistently delivered the lowest frictional torque but also suppressed tappet rotation, while the polymeric friction modifier yielded the highest tappet rotation with relatively modest friction reduction across all camshaft speeds and lubricant temperatures. The base oil produced the highest friction torque overall but minimal rotation, demonstrating the strong influence of tappet–bore resistance. Shim rotation was generally low but became significant at low camshaft speed and high lubricant temperature. The analysis revealed that nearly 10 % of cam–tappet friction contributes to tappet rotation, demonstrating that the equilibrium between cam–tappet and tappet–bore friction governs rotational dynamics. Reciprocating tribometer tests verified the friction reducing performance of MoDTC but showed a different ranking for the other modifiers due to the absence of rotational motion. This suggests that reciprocating sliding tribometers may not fully replicate real engine conditions. The results reveal that friction modifiers influence both tribological losses and the coupled rotational dynamics within the valvetrain.

为了追求更省油、更耐用的发动机，人们更需要了解主要在边界润滑和混合润滑下运行的气门机构系统的摩擦损失。本研究介绍了一种基于巨磁阻（GMR）芯片的先进原位技术，在不改变生产发动机机头几何形状的情况下，直接测量与摩擦测量相关的独立挺杆和垫片旋转。在往复式钻机上使用真实发动机部件进行了补充实验以验证研究结果。使用SAE 30基础油和四种摩擦改进剂（MoDTC、Molyvan、Polymeric和有机摩擦改进剂（OFM））进行的测试表明，在所有凸轮轴转速和润滑剂温度下，MoDTC始终提供最低的摩擦扭矩，但也抑制了挺杆旋转，而聚合物摩擦改进剂产生了最高的挺杆旋转，相对适度地减少了摩擦。基础油产生了最大的摩擦扭矩，但旋转最小，表明挺杆-孔阻力的影响很大。垫片旋转通常较低，但在低凸轮轴转速和高润滑剂温度下变得明显。分析表明，近10% %的凸轮-挺杆摩擦有助于挺杆旋转，这表明凸轮-挺杆和挺杆孔之间的摩擦平衡决定了旋转动力学。往复式摩擦计测试证实了MoDTC的减摩性能，但由于没有旋转运动，其他改进剂的排名不同。这表明往复滑动摩擦计可能不能完全复制真实的发动机条件。结果表明，摩擦调节剂既影响摩擦损耗，也影响配气机构内的耦合旋转动力学。

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引用次数: 0

A numerical solver framework for capturing the dynamic behaviour of oil ring lubricators 捕获油环润滑器动态行为的数值求解框架

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111809

Alistair McLane, Liuquan Yang, Mark C.T. Wilson

Loose-ring oil lift is a passive lubrication method widely used in self-contained bearing systems, but its application to heavy-duty pumps is limited by dynamic instabilities that compromise reliability. This study introduces a time-dependent numerical framework that, for the first time, captures the in-plane dynamic behaviour of oil rings. The governing equations of motion are newly derived from Lagrangian mechanics and solved using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. Forces acting on the ring are dynamically evaluated and coupled to ring motion, enabling accurate simulation of transient phenomena such as start-up and shut-down responses, perturbations, runout, and hysteresis effects. The solver is verified and validated against published computational and experimental data. Results reveal mechanisms underlying ring speed, lubricant transport, and attitude variations, providing a predictive tool for assessing stability and supporting the design of more reliable, cost-effective lubrication systems.

松环举升油是一种广泛应用于独立轴承系统的被动润滑方法，但其在重型泵中的应用受到动态不稳定性的限制，影响了泵的可靠性。本研究引入了一个时间相关的数值框架，首次捕捉了油环的平面内动态行为。运动控制方程是从拉格朗日力学中导出的，用四阶龙格-库塔格式求解。作用在环上的力被动态评估，并与环运动耦合，从而能够精确模拟瞬态现象，如启动和关闭响应、扰动、跳动和滞后效应。根据已发表的计算和实验数据对求解器进行了验证和验证。结果揭示了环速、润滑油输送和姿态变化的机制，为评估稳定性提供了预测工具，并支持设计更可靠、更经济的润滑系统。

引用次数: 0

Influence of annealing and tempering on the wear and corrosion behavior of WC/W2C reinforced composites fabricated by laser powder bed fusion 退火和回火对激光粉末床熔合制备WC/W2C增强复合材料磨损和腐蚀行为的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111811

Yiqi Zhou , Ke Sang , Wenqian Wang , Guofeng Zhang , Decheng Kong , Yu Yan , Xiaogang Li , Xuanhui Qu , Chaofang Dong , Zhigang Yang , Hao Chen , Chi Zhang

WC/W₂C particle reinforced stainless steel composites were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and subsequently heat‑treated under two schemes: direct tempering (200–600 °C) and solution annealing at 1050 °C followed by tempering. The effects of these heat treatments on the microstructure, wear performance, corrosion behaviour, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. While low‑temperature tempering (≤ 400 °C) promoted carbon redistribution and increased retained austenite from 17.6 % to 61.7 %, tempering at 600 °C—as well as the solution‑annealed and tempered condition—suppressed austenite (≈ 0 %) and triggered extensive precipitation of Cr‑rich carbides. Solution annealing homogenized the matrix, eliminated austenite, and thickened the in-situ reaction layers to ∼5 μm. Intergranular corrosion susceptibility correlated directly with carbide‑induced Cr‑depleted zones, with the highest degree of sensitization (DOS > 220) occurring after the 600 °C and 1050 °C + 600 °C treatments, significantly exceeding that of other conditions (DOS < 150). Wear resistance was governed primarily by matrix hardness; wear volume loss increased markedly from 2 × 10⁴ μm³ to 5 × 10⁵ μm³, attributed to abrasive carbide debris and thermal softening. Compression tests demonstrated high deformability (> 60 %) after heat treatment; however, the as‑built composite exhibited the highest compressive strength (∼4500 MPa) but underwent premature failure, owing to residual stress.

采用激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）法制备WC/W2C颗粒增强不锈钢复合材料，并对其进行直接回火（200-600℃）和1050℃固溶退火后回火处理。系统地研究了这些热处理对微观组织、磨损性能、腐蚀行为和力学性能的影响。低温回火（≤400℃）促进了碳的再分配，使残余奥氏体从17.6 %增加到61.7 %，而600℃回火以及固溶退火和回火条件抑制了奥氏体（≈0 %），并引发了富Cr碳化物的广泛析出。溶液退火使基体均匀化，消除了奥氏体，并将原位反应层加厚至~ 5 μm。晶间腐蚀敏感性与碳化物诱导的贫铬区直接相关，在600°C和1050°C + 600°C处理后，敏化程度最高（DOS > 220），显著超过其他条件（DOS < 150）。耐磨性主要由基体硬度决定；磨损体积损失由2 × 104 μm3显著增加到5 × 105 μm3，主要原因是磨料碳化物碎片和热软化。压缩试验表明，热处理后的变形能力高（> 60 %）；然而，构建的复合材料表现出最高的抗压强度（~ 4500 MPa），但由于残余应力而过早失效。

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引用次数: 0

Coating materials for journal bearings 轴颈轴承用涂层材料

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111774

Alberto Betti , Andrea Riva , Paola Forte , Steven Chatterton , Enrico Ciulli

Journal bearings are typically lined with thin coatings that enhance tribological properties with respect to the underlying structural material. Traditionally, white metal coatings have been used, but they are currently being replaced to improve environmental sustainability, mechanical and thermal properties, wear resistance, and to reduce friction. This paper reviews recent progress in advanced materials for bearing coatings. After reviewing different materials and their deposition technologies, testing methods for evaluating materials performance are analysed. The results from comparative tests are presented. Furthermore, a unified comparison of tribological properties across different experiments is shown. Then, numerical modelling techniques are discussed. Based on the findings, conclusive recommendations for future bearing coating development are provided.

轴颈轴承通常衬有薄涂层，相对于底层结构材料，可以提高摩擦学性能。传统上，白色金属涂层已被使用，但它们目前正在被取代，以提高环境可持续性，机械和热性能，耐磨性，并减少摩擦。本文综述了近年来先进轴承涂层材料的研究进展。在回顾了不同的材料及其沉积工艺后，分析了评价材料性能的测试方法。给出了对比试验的结果。此外，还显示了不同实验中摩擦学性能的统一比较。然后，讨论了数值模拟技术。在此基础上，对今后轴承涂层的发展提出了结论性建议。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the tribological performance of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer using carbon-alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide coatings 采用碳合金过渡金属二硫化物涂层提高聚醚醚酮（PEEK）聚合物的摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111739

Talha Bin Yaqub , Abbas AL-Rjoub , Irfan Nadeem , Parveen Kumar , Filipe Fernandes , Todor Vuchkov , Albano Cavaleiro , Mitjan Kalin

The demand for light-weight polymeric materials such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is increasing for advanced engineering components, like polymeric gears. However, the intrinsic limitations of PEEK, including high friction, poor wear resistance, and rapid surface degradation restrict its larger adoption. This work is dedicated towards enhancing the dry sliding performance of PEEK via surface modifications. Direct current magnetron sputtered (DCMS) carbon-alloyed tungsten disulfide (WSC) coatings having C content of ∼52 at. % were deposited on PEEK polymer substrates at low power. Modifications of coating architecture were obtained by depositing coatings with and without inter/gradient layers. Comprehensive post-deposition characterization included chemical composition, cross-section and surface morphology, crystal structure, detailed chemical bonding, and coatings-PEEK adhesion investigations. The coatings were uniform, compact, amorphous, and provided complete surface alteration of PEEK with sufficient coating-polymer adhesion. Under ambient air sliding, the WSC coating with inter/gradient layer architecture exhibited the best performance, by reduction in friction coefficient (COF) and specific wear rate up to ∼34.3 % and ∼98.3 %, respectively relative to the uncoated PEEK. Post sliding Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that C dominated the role in the reduction of COF and wear through the formation of a stable, partially graphitized tribolayer. This work establishes a scalable pathway for integrating solid-lubricant coatings on polymeric components, opening new opportunities for their reliable use in high-load and energy-efficient industrial systems.

对聚醚醚酮（PEEK）等轻质聚合物材料的需求正在增加，以用于先进的工程部件，如聚合物齿轮。然而，PEEK的固有局限性，包括高摩擦、差耐磨性和快速表面降解，限制了其更大的应用。这项工作致力于通过表面改性来提高PEEK的干滑动性能。直流磁控溅射（DCMS）碳合金二硫化钨（WSC）涂层，其C含量为~ 52 at。%在低功率下沉积在PEEK聚合物衬底上。通过沉积有或没有间/梯度层的涂层，获得了涂层结构的改变。全面的沉积后表征包括化学成分、横截面和表面形貌、晶体结构、详细的化学键和涂层- peek粘合研究。涂层均匀，致密，无定形，并提供PEEK的完全表面改变，具有足够的涂层-聚合物附着力。在环境空气滑动下，具有间/梯度层结构的WSC涂层表现出最好的性能，相对于未涂层的PEEK，摩擦系数（COF）和比磨损率分别降低了~ 34.3% %和~ 98.3% %。滑动后拉曼和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）显示，C通过形成稳定的部分石墨化摩擦层，在减少COF和磨损方面起主导作用。这项工作为将固体润滑剂涂层集成到聚合物组件上建立了可扩展的途径，为其在高负载和节能工业系统中的可靠使用开辟了新的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced lubrication in water-lubricated bearings under low-speeds and heavy-loads via secondary lubricant 通过二次润滑剂，在低速和重载条件下增强了水润滑轴承的润滑

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Tribology International

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111726

Qingchen Liang , Feng Guo , Peng Liang , Chunjiang Guo , Hao Ji , Xiaohan Zhang

To address severe friction challenges in water-lubricated bearings (WLBs) under complex and harsh operating conditions, a scheme is proposed that supplies a trace amount of secondary lubricant (SL) to the bearing within a short time. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that this approach enhances hydrodynamic load capacity and optimizes the lubrication state of the WLBs. However, the correlation between the SL-assisted water lubrication and the diffusion of the two-phase flow under the low-speed and heavy-load working conditions remains unclear. Therefore, a theoretical model capturing interfacial diffusion of SL in WLBs is developed by coupling the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model with the mixed lubrication model, incorporating elastic deformation of bush and asperity contact. A numerical solver was developed and the calculation results indicate that a trace amount of SL can significantly reduce friction in WLBs under the low-speed and heavy-load conditions. It was shown that the oil injection volume of the SL can be determined in such a way to effectively mitigate its backflow at the entrance, enabling rapid migration of the SL to the contact area. This enhanced flow increases the oil-phase volume fraction in the contact area while reducing severe solid contact occurrences. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the design of WLBs.

为了解决水润滑轴承（WLBs）在复杂和恶劣的运行条件下的严重摩擦挑战，提出了一种在短时间内向轴承提供微量二次润滑剂（SL）的方案。初步实验表明，该方法提高了水动载荷能力，优化了wlb的润滑状态。然而，在低速和重载工况下，sl辅助水润滑与两相流扩散之间的关系尚不清楚。因此，将流体体积（VOF）模型与混合润滑模型相结合，建立了一个考虑轴瓦弹性变形和粗糙接触的混合润滑理论模型。计算结果表明，在低速和重载条件下，少量的SL可以显著降低wlb的摩擦。结果表明，通过这种方法可以确定SL的注油量，从而有效地缓解其在入口处的回流，使SL能够快速迁移到接触区域。这种增强的流动增加了接触区域的油相体积分数，同时减少了严重的固体接触。本研究为wlb的设计提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0