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Lively Up Your Ontology: Bringing Deleuze into Ṣadrā's Modulated Universe 活跃你的本体论:将德勒兹带入Ṣadrā的调制宇宙
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-7200210
Laura U. Marks
Abstract:This essay brings a process approach to the One-Many problem as treated in Gilles Deleuze's thought, by focusing on the work of Ṣadr al-Dīn Muhammad al-Shīrāzī (Shiraz, 1571–1640). First acknowledging Avicenna's concept of the univocity of being (attributed to John Duns Scotus) that influenced Deleuze, this essay examines how later Islamic philosophy, only recently transmitted to the West, provides methods for a lively process-based ontology. It compares Ṣadrā's process cosmology to those of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz and Alfred North Whitehead and examines his critique of abstraction in light of tashkīk, systematic ambiguity or modulation. The essay argues that Ṣadrā's influence can make generative contributions to Deleuzean thought in terms of process realism, tashkīk as disjunctive synthesis, immanent causality, singularity, and an optimistic, worldoriented approach. Ṣadrā's work allows us to rethink the boundary between philosophy and theology, and the essay proposes means to de-transcendentalize religious philosophy, if necessary.
摘要:本文通过关注Ṣadr al- d n Muhammad al-Shīrāzī (Shiraz, 1571-1640)的工作,为吉尔·德勒兹思想中处理的一多问题提供了一种过程方法。本文首先承认影响了德勒兹的阿维森纳存在单一性的概念(归功于约翰·邓斯·司各特),并考察了直到最近才传入西方的后期伊斯兰哲学是如何为生动的基于过程的本体论提供方法的。它将Ṣadrā的过程宇宙论与戈特弗里德·威廉·冯·莱布尼茨和阿尔弗雷德·诺斯·怀特黑德的过程宇宙论进行了比较,并从tashk k、系统模糊或调制的角度审视了他对抽象的批判。本文认为Ṣadrā的影响可以对德勒兹的过程现实主义思想、作为分离综合的任务论、内在因果关系、奇点以及乐观的、面向世界的方法做出生成性的贡献。Ṣadrā的工作让我们重新思考哲学与神学之间的界限,并在必要时提出将宗教哲学去先验化的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Politics of Fiction 小说的政治
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-7200166
Jacques Rancière
Abstract:This essay uses constructions of avowed fiction from modern Western literature and criticism (Erich Auerbach, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner) to question the sense of reality constructed by dominant social discourses that claim to be the mere expression of reality. Avowed fiction has in fact an "epistemological" privilege: it is not obliged to deny its fictional character. It must build and make visible these modes of presentation of situations and the connection of events that appear elsewhere to be imposed by the very obviousness of the real. In such a way it can better teach us the multiple ways of creating a sense of reality and their links with the forms of the social order.
摘要:本文利用现代西方文学和文学批评(埃里希·奥尔巴赫、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、威廉·福克纳)中公开的小说结构,对声称仅仅是现实表达的主流社会话语所构建的现实感提出质疑。公开承认的小说实际上有一种“认识论”特权:它没有义务否认其虚构的特征。它必须建立并使这些情景的呈现模式和事件之间的联系可见,这些模式在其他地方似乎是由真实的非常明显的强加的。通过这种方式,它可以更好地教会我们创造现实感的多种方式以及它们与社会秩序形式的联系。
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引用次数: 4
How Do You Draw a Frog? A Visual Conversation 如何画一只青蛙?视觉对话
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-7200276
Amy Fung-yi Kiran Lee, Kiran Chandra
I opened up this project to Kiran with a rather structured idea about process—a blind drawing game whose rules resembled Exquisite Corpse. When I work on my own, I usually work within boundaries that describe the images and methods I believe suit me. With Kiran, I started simply by putting pencil to paper next to a friend I know, who loves drawing as much as I do. After beginning, I soon learned about Kiran’s process. She expressed to me that she learns through doing. So we drew (and ate, and chatted). These pages came from that. Neither of us would have done this on our own.We swapped drawings, reached over each other to find new materials, marked over each other’s work, and tried weird imagery just to see what the other would do with it. We lost track. This collaboration forged an exploratory path. An unknown place. These pages feel laid bare to me. There are “mistakes” and vulnerabilities. I actually changed and found that I am willing to bring imagery unlike myself into my own work again.
我向Kiran开放了这个项目,并提出了一个关于过程的结构化想法——一个类似于《精致尸体》的盲画游戏。当我独自工作时,我通常在描述我认为适合我的图像和方法的边界内工作。对于Kiran,我只是简单地把铅笔放在纸上,旁边是我认识的一个朋友,他和我一样喜欢画画。开始之后,我很快就了解了基兰的过程。她向我表示,她是在实践中学习的。于是我们一起画画(吃饭、聊天)。这几页就是从那里来的。我们俩都不会单独做这件事。我们交换图纸,互相寻找新的材料,在彼此的作品上做标记,尝试奇怪的图像,只是想看看对方会怎么做。我们迷失了方向。这种合作开辟了一条探索性的道路。一个未知的地方。我觉得这几页是赤裸裸的。存在“错误”和漏洞。我真的改变了,我发现我愿意把不像我自己的意象再次带入我的作品中。
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引用次数: 0
Notes on Atmosphere 大气须知
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4383010
Dora Zhang
What difference does an atmosphere make to an environment, a situation, or a horizon of possible action? If getting a handle on this question is tricky, it is in no small part because atmosphere itself names something elusive and vague: What kind of being does it have? And where exactly does it reside? Deriving from the Greek atmos, vapor or steam, combined with sphaira, ball or globe, in its basic sense the word refers to the envelope of gas surrounding the earth or any other celestial body.1 Used figuratively, it has a much wider reach, indicating the characteristic tone or pervading mood of a surrounding environment or object. Its referent varies in ontology, but in ordinary speech we attribute atmospheres to a variety of things, including spaces, situations, individuals, societies, historical epochs, objects, and artworks.2 But for all their seeming haziness, atmospheres have real effects. They alter the kinds of things that can be said in a space, the kinds of actions that are thinkable, and the modes of sociality that are possible, and I want to suggest that we have still yet to fully recognize and attend to their importance as social and political phenomena of everyday life. A persistent atmosphere of hostility can cause someone
气氛对环境、情况或可能行动的范围有什么影响?如果说要回答这个问题很棘手,那在很大程度上是因为大气本身命名了一些难以捉摸和模糊的东西:它有什么样的存在?它到底住在哪里?这个词源于希腊语atmos(蒸汽),与sphaira(球)、ball(球)或globe(球)结合在一起,其基本含义是指环绕地球或任何其他天体的气体包层它的比喻意义更广,指的是周围环境或物体特有的语气或弥漫的情绪。它的所指在本体论上是不同的,但在日常言语中,我们把气氛归因于各种各样的事物,包括空间、情境、个人、社会、历史时代、物体和艺术品尽管大气看起来很模糊,但它确实有实际影响。它们改变了在一个空间中可以被谈论的事物,可以被思考的行为,以及可能的社会模式,我想说的是,我们仍然没有充分认识到它们作为日常生活中社会和政治现象的重要性。持续的敌意气氛会导致某人
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引用次数: 11
Thinking "Diaspora" with Stuart Hall 与斯图尔特·霍尔一起思考“散居”
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4382974
J. Sharpe
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引用次数: 2
The Expression of Time (Spinoza, Deleuze, Cinema) 时间的表达(斯宾诺莎、德勒兹、电影)
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4382965
Cesare Casarino
The concept of expression appears in Gilles Deleuze’s two-volume study of the cinema as early as the second page of Cinema 1: “We take snapshots, as it were, of the passing reality, and, as these are characteristics of the reality, we have only to string them on a becoming abstract, uniform and invisible, situated at the back of the apparatus of knowledge. . . . Whether we would think becoming, or express it, or even perceive it, we hardly do anything else than set going a kind of cinematograph inside us.”1 These, however, are not Deleuze’s words. Deleuze is quoting a passage from Henri Bergson’s Creative Evolution, a passage in which becoming—substance considered in its aspect of incessant metamorphosis—is understood as
表达的概念出现在吉尔·德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze)关于电影的两卷本研究中,早在《电影1》(cinema 1)的第二页:“我们拍下了过去的现实的快照,而且,因为这些是现实的特征,我们只需要把它们串在一个变得抽象、统一和不可见的东西上,它位于知识装置的后面. . . .。无论我们是想成为它,还是表达它,甚至是感知它,我们几乎什么都不做,只是在我们内心设置了一种电影摄影机。然而,这些不是德勒兹的话。德勒兹引用了亨利·柏格森的《创造进化》中的一段话,在这段话中,从不断变形的角度来看,形成的物质被理解为
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引用次数: 1
Face Value (the Prosopa of Money) 票面价值(金钱的价值)
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4383001
Peter Szendy
At the Prada Foundation in Milan, I recently visited an exhibition curated by Germano Celant and dedicated to the works of the American artist William Copley (1919–96), who was also a gallerist and friend of Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp. With a distant interest (I wasn’t really convinced by what I saw), I was strolling in front of the paintings, drawings, and collages, when I stumbled upon a mirror embedded in—or grafted on—an enlarged reproduction of a $100 bill, a banknote hollowed out by the empty contours of feminine bodies. I stepped closer to the wall to read the label: “Feel Like A Hundred Bucks, 1986; acrylic, charcoal, and mirror on canvas.” I then stepped back and took a picture in which I appear in the mirror, with my face masked by the device (an iPad) that I am holding to photograph it (fig. 1). Of course, there are many works with or about money in modern and contemporary art. In 1919 Duchamp drew a check (in both senses of the verb to draw, not unlike its French equivalent, tirer) for his dentist Daniel Tzanck, thus creating—according to his own terminology—a “readymade imité” titled Chèque Tzanck orDessin Dada.1 In 1924 Duchamp issued a limited edition of thirty Monte
在米兰的普拉达基金会(Prada Foundation),我最近参观了一个由杰马诺·切朗(Germano Celant)策划的展览,该展览专门展出美国艺术家威廉·科普利(William Copley, 1919 - 1996)的作品。科普利也是画廊主,也是曼·雷(Man Ray)和马塞尔·杜尚(Marcel Duchamp)的朋友。带着一种遥远的兴趣(我并不是真的相信我所看到的),我在油画、素描和拼贴画前漫步,偶然发现了一面镜子,镶嵌在或嫁接在一张放大的100美元钞票上,这张钞票被女性身体的空轮廓掏空了。我走近墙壁,看了看标签:“感觉像100美元,1986;丙烯酸树脂,木炭,帆布上的镜子。”然后我退后一步,拍了一张我出现在镜子里的照片,我的脸被我拿着的设备(iPad)遮住了(图1)。当然,在现当代艺术中有很多与钱有关或关于钱的作品。1919年,杜尚给他的牙医丹尼尔·赞克(Daniel Tzanck)开了一张支票(有“画”这个动词的两种意思,与法语中的“tirer”一词没有什么不同),从而创造了——按照他自己的术语——一种“现成的仿造品”,名为ch Tzanck orDessin dada。1924年,杜尚发行了限量版的30枚Monte
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引用次数: 1
Read Yourself! The Griffn Condition on the Day before the Last Day 读你自己!最后一天前一天的狮鹫状况
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4382992
Kathleen Biddick
In his introduction to Leviathan (1651), Thomas Hobbes (1588– 1679), a skilled scholar of Greek and Latin, unexpectedly rendered a well-known Latin maxim, nosce ipsum (know yourself), as an English imperative: read yourself! The printer used italic font to set off the Latin and its English translation typographically. In other words, this imperative, “to read,”mattered optically.1 Some 350 years later, in his critical study of biopolitical readingmachines,TheOpen:Man and Animal (2004), Giorgio Agamben evocatively returned to this imperative of Hobbes and implicated it with the optical machines of the time.2 According to Agamben, such optical machines induced Carolus Linnaeus (1707–78), a generation after Leviathan, to view the species Homo as merely a diffraction of an ape and to relegate Homo to the order of the primate (to, 27). Click, it’s an ape; click, it’s a human. As a medieval historian unfamiliar with the kinds of early modern optical machines to which Agamben alludes, I sought out an
托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes, 1588 - 1679)是一位精通希腊语和拉丁语的学者,他在《利维坦》(1651)的序言中,出人意料地将一句著名的拉丁语格言“了解你自己”(nosce ipsum)译成了英语的命令:阅读你自己!印刷工用斜体字把拉丁文和英文译文排印出来。换句话说,“阅读”这个命令在视觉上很重要大约350年后,在他对生命政治阅读机器的批判性研究《开放:人与动物》(2004)中,乔治·阿甘本令人回味地回到霍布斯的这一命令,并将其与当时的光学机器联系起来根据Agamben的说法,这种光学机器促使Carolus Linnaeus(1707-78),利维坦之后的一代,将人属看作仅仅是猿类的衍射,并将人属归入灵长类(to, 27)。咔哒一声,这是一只猿;咔哒,是一个人。作为一名不熟悉阿甘本所提到的早期现代光学机器的中世纪历史学家,我寻找了一种
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引用次数: 1
The Ontology of Motion 运动本体论
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4382983
Thomas Nail
We live in an age of movement. More than at any other time in history, people and things move longer distances, more frequently, and faster than ever before. All that was solid melted into air long ago and is now in full circulation around the world like dandelion seeds adrift on turbulent winds. We find ourselves, in the early twenty-first century, in a world where every major domain of human activity has become increasingly defined by motion.1 We have entered a new historical era defined in large part by movement and mobility and are now in need of a new historical ontology appropriate to our time. The observation that the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first was marked by an increasingly “liquid” and “mobile modernity” is now something widely recognized in the scholarly literature at the turn of the century.2 Today, however, our orientation to this event is quite different. Almost twenty years into the twenty-first century we now find ourselves situated on the other side of this heralded transition. The question that confronts us today is thus a new one: how to fold all that has melted back up into new solids.3
我们生活在一个运动的时代。人和物比以往任何时候都移动得更远、更频繁、更快。很久以前,所有的固体都融化在空气中,现在在世界各地充分流通,就像蒲公英的种子在湍流中漂浮一样。二十一世纪初,我们发现自己生活在这样一个世界里:人类活动的每一个主要领域都越来越多地由运动来定义我们已经进入了一个在很大程度上由运动和流动性定义的新的历史时代,现在需要一个适合我们时代的新的历史本体论。20世纪末和21世纪初,一种日益“流动的”和“流动的现代性”成为其特征,这一观察在世纪之交的学术文献中得到了广泛认可然而,今天我们对这一事件的态度却大不相同。进入二十一世纪近二十年后,我们发现自己正处于这一预示性转变的另一边。因此,今天我们面临的问题是一个新的问题:如何把所有已经融化的东西重新折叠成新的固体
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引用次数: 5
Speculum of the Other Cene 另一个世界的窥镜
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/10418385-4383037
Joseph Albernaz
In September 2017 the Oakland gallery Pro Arts featured Past Presence, a joint exhibition of separately produced but thematically linked works by the artists Indira Allegra and Christopher R. Martin. What tied the two artists’ concerns together was precisely the question of the tie itself: the weave, the fold, the thread, and the tangle. As the description of the exhibition read, Past Presence was a “response to the politicized trauma in Black contemporary life through the medium of weaving,” whether in Allegra’s “digital weaving” of
2017年9月,奥克兰画廊Pro Arts推出了“过去的存在”,这是艺术家Indira Allegra和Christopher R. Martin分别制作但主题相关的作品的联合展览。将两位艺术家的关注点联系在一起的正是领带本身的问题:编织、折叠、线和缠结。正如展览的描述所述,“过去的存在”是“通过编织媒介对黑人当代生活中政治化创伤的回应”,无论是在阿利格拉的“数字编织”中
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Qui Parle: Critical Humanities and Social Sciences
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