Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.214021.1040
F. Akhlaghi, M. Majd
Background: Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intracapsular union between the mandibular condylar disc and the temporal articular surface that restricts mandibular functions. The management of TMJ ankylosis requires minimally invasive methods. Objectives: This study aims to present a new surgical method for restoring ramus height as much as possible after condylectomy of the TMJ due to ankylosis. Case Prsentation: Two patients with TMJ ankylosis participated in this investigation. Patients’ preoperative maximal mouth openings were 3 mm and 9 mm. A new method was used to separate the bony fusion between the condyle and the glenoid fossa. Then, the condylar head on the mandibular ramus was recontoured, and finally the temporalis musculofascial flap was employed as an interpositional graft. Patients were followed for six months. Both surgeries were performed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Results: Both patients had an average maximal mouth opening of 35-40 mm postoperatively. Conclusion: In patients who have TMJ ankylosis the excessive bone between the condyle and the zygomatic arch can be removed by releasing the ankylotic site followed by routine gap arthroplasty so that the ramus becomes shorter than the other side. With this method, however, the condylar head is also recontoured, thus preserving more ramus length than with other techniques; future orthognatic surgery or distraction osteogenesis (DO), if necessary, will also be easier.
{"title":"Re-Contouring Interpositional Gap Arthroplasty with Ramus Height Preservation for Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: Case Report (New Technique)","authors":"F. Akhlaghi, M. Majd","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.214021.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.214021.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intracapsular union between the mandibular condylar disc and the temporal articular surface that restricts mandibular functions. The management of TMJ ankylosis requires minimally invasive methods. Objectives: This study aims to present a new surgical method for restoring ramus height as much as possible after condylectomy of the TMJ due to ankylosis. Case Prsentation: Two patients with TMJ ankylosis participated in this investigation. Patients’ preoperative maximal mouth openings were 3 mm and 9 mm. A new method was used to separate the bony fusion between the condyle and the glenoid fossa. Then, the condylar head on the mandibular ramus was recontoured, and finally the temporalis musculofascial flap was employed as an interpositional graft. Patients were followed for six months. Both surgeries were performed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Results: Both patients had an average maximal mouth opening of 35-40 mm postoperatively. Conclusion: In patients who have TMJ ankylosis the excessive bone between the condyle and the zygomatic arch can be removed by releasing the ankylotic site followed by routine gap arthroplasty so that the ramus becomes shorter than the other side. With this method, however, the condylar head is also recontoured, thus preserving more ramus length than with other techniques; future orthognatic surgery or distraction osteogenesis (DO), if necessary, will also be easier.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"48 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85647531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A 33-year-old patient presented to the Oxford Centre for Enablement for rehabilitation following severe electrical burn injuries requiring bilateral below elbow amputations, right below knee amputation and a left midfoot amputation. Specific issues: Chronic pain at the amputation sites as well as phantom limb initially proved challenging to manage medically however were eventually controlled with careful consideration of analgesic regimens. Pain was measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A likely attributing cause for the pain was peripheral neuropathy. Management: A combination of neuropathic agents and opioids helped to control pain. These analgesic included amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, tramadol and morphine in various regimens. Paracetamol and ibuprofen were also used. Implications: Rigorous search strategies were created which interrogated the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO databases for studies reporting limb pain management in electrocution injuries. A total of 841 studies were found with 583 screened after removal of duplicates. No RCTs could be identified investigating limb pain management in electrical injuries. Case reports and case series have described various treatment options including nerve blocks, neuropathic analgesia, physiotherapy, botulinum toxin, fracture fixation and even the use of Virtual Reality headsets. We discuss this available evidence. No consensus exists as to the optimum management approach of pain in such patients. From our experience with this patient we suggest that a multi- modal analgesic approach is likely to be needed in such patients and should therefore be considered. Level 1 research into pain management in electrocution injuries is required.
{"title":"Pain Management in a Case of Severe Electrocution Injury and Resultant Quadruple Amputation","authors":"Shigong Guo, M. Moiz, D. H. Slater","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104266","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A 33-year-old patient presented to the Oxford Centre for Enablement for rehabilitation following severe electrical burn injuries requiring bilateral below elbow amputations, right below knee amputation and a left midfoot amputation. Specific issues: Chronic pain at the amputation sites as well as phantom limb initially proved challenging to manage medically however were eventually controlled with careful consideration of analgesic regimens. Pain was measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A likely attributing cause for the pain was peripheral neuropathy. Management: A combination of neuropathic agents and opioids helped to control pain. These analgesic included amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, tramadol and morphine in various regimens. Paracetamol and ibuprofen were also used. Implications: Rigorous search strategies were created which interrogated the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO databases for studies reporting limb pain management in electrocution injuries. A total of 841 studies were found with 583 screened after removal of duplicates. No RCTs could be identified investigating limb pain management in electrical injuries. Case reports and case series have described various treatment options including nerve blocks, neuropathic analgesia, physiotherapy, botulinum toxin, fracture fixation and even the use of Virtual Reality headsets. We discuss this available evidence. No consensus exists as to the optimum management approach of pain in such patients. From our experience with this patient we suggest that a multi- modal analgesic approach is likely to be needed in such patients and should therefore be considered. Level 1 research into pain management in electrocution injuries is required.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"94 6 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77695086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Emamhadi, S. Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Alireza Mehrvarz, S. Andalib
Vascular malformation as a cause of cubital tunnel syndrome has not yet been reported. Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at elbow level, is also the second most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity, regardless of carpal tunnel syndrome. Here, we report CuTS due to vascular malformation in a 63-year-old woman. The ulnar nerve at the distal part of tunnel was markedly compressed. There was no connection between the lesion and the ulnar nerve. The diagnosis was made by using histopathology, and thereafter the lesion was fully resected. Pain in her ring and little fingers disappeared one month after resection of the malformation.
{"title":"Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: An Entrapment Neuropathy Which May Arise from Vascular Malformation","authors":"M. Emamhadi, S. Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Alireza Mehrvarz, S. Andalib","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104267","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular malformation as a cause of cubital tunnel syndrome has not yet been reported. Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at elbow level, is also the second most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity, regardless of carpal tunnel syndrome. Here, we report CuTS due to vascular malformation in a 63-year-old woman. The ulnar nerve at the distal part of tunnel was markedly compressed. There was no connection between the lesion and the ulnar nerve. The diagnosis was made by using histopathology, and thereafter the lesion was fully resected. Pain in her ring and little fingers disappeared one month after resection of the malformation.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"26 4 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83504463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ebrahimpour, A. Karimi, M. Sadighi, M. Sajjadi, M. Okhovatpour, A. Irani, R. Zandi
Background: One of the most common injuries and an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly is intertrochanteric fracture. The dynamic hip screw (DHS) is one of the best procedures for fixation of these fractures; however, using DHS is accompanied by failure risk. Objectives: Therefore, with the purpose of reducing failure risk, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between post-operation CTD and TAD, NSA changes in patients with intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: In this case series study, patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with DHS between September 2015 and January 2016 were included. The exclusion criteria were pathologic fracture, multiple fractures, greater trochanter fracture, soft-tissue issues, A3OTA type, patients who missed the follow-up period, history of previous hip fracture or dislocation, and TAD>25mm. Ultimately, 24 patients were included in this study. Two surgeons reviewed the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) radiographs. The measures of TAD, CTD, and NSA after six-months of follow-up were assessed. In addition, variables such as demographic data, fracture side, duration of operation, blood loss volume, weight bearing day, and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed. The relationship between post-operation CTD and TAD, NSA changes after six months of follow-up was analyzed. All data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software (SPSS, IBM Inc., USA). The significance level for all tests was considered to be 0.05. Results: This study evaluated 24 patients. The mean age of the patients was 69.9 ± 12.00 years, and 15 (62.5%) of them were male. No significant correlations were seen in the collected data, especially CTD and NSA changes after six-months of follow-up (p>0.05). Maximum and minimum TAD values after surgery were 25.6 and 11.0, respectively. Maximum and minimum TAD values at the six-month follow-up were 34.9 and 11.0, respectively. Mean TAD was constant at 19.8±5.3 in postoperative and follow-up measurements. This shows that patients experienced increases in TAD and others experienced decreases in TAD within the six months of follow-up. Conclusion: The results showed that despite the abnormal CTD after surgery, the risk of TAD changes increased. Generally, TAD is a well-established radiographic measurement for predicting the risk of cut-out. CTD and TAD can be used together or separately to predict the risk of DHS screw cut-out in patients with intertrochanteric fractures in future studies.
背景:股骨粗隆间骨折是老年人最常见的损伤之一，也是死亡率和发病率的重要原因。动态髋螺钉(DHS)是固定这些骨折的最佳方法之一;然而，使用DHS伴随着故障风险。目的:为了降低手术失败的风险，本研究旨在评价粗隆间骨折患者术后CTD与TAD、NSA变化的相关性。方法:本病例系列研究纳入2015年9月至2016年1月期间接受DHS治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者。排除标准为病理性骨折、多发骨折、大转子骨折、软组织问题、A3OTA型、错过随访期、既往髋部骨折或脱位史、TAD>25mm。最终，24名患者被纳入本研究。两位外科医生检查了正位(AP)和侧位(Lat) x线片。随访6个月后评估TAD、CTD、NSA指标。此外，还分析了人口统计学数据、骨折侧面、手术时间、出血量、负重日、Harris髋关节评分(HHS)等变量。术后随访6个月，分析CTD与TAD、NSA变化的关系。所有数据采用SPSS 20软件(SPSS, IBM Inc.， USA)进行分析。所有检验的显著性水平被认为是0.05。结果:本研究评估了24例患者。患者平均年龄69.9±12.00岁，男性15例(62.5%)。随访6个月后CTD、NSA变化差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。术后TAD最大值为25.6，最小值为11.0。6个月随访时最大TAD值为34.9，最小TAD值为11.0。术后和随访的平均TAD恒定在19.8±5.3。这表明，在六个月的随访中，患者的TAD增加，而其他人的TAD减少。结论:尽管术后CTD异常，但TAD改变的风险增加。一般来说，TAD是一种公认的用于预测切割风险的放射学测量方法。在未来的研究中，CTD和TAD可联合或单独用于预测股骨粗隆间骨折患者DHS螺钉切开的风险。
{"title":"Correlation between Post-Operation Center-Trochanteric Distance (CTD) and Tip Apex Distance (TAD) changes in Intertrochanteric Fractures Treated by Dynamic Hip Screw","authors":"A. Ebrahimpour, A. Karimi, M. Sadighi, M. Sajjadi, M. Okhovatpour, A. Irani, R. Zandi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104271","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most common injuries and an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly is intertrochanteric fracture. The dynamic hip screw (DHS) is one of the best procedures for fixation of these fractures; however, using DHS is accompanied by failure risk. Objectives: Therefore, with the purpose of reducing failure risk, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between post-operation CTD and TAD, NSA changes in patients with intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: In this case series study, patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with DHS between September 2015 and January 2016 were included. The exclusion criteria were pathologic fracture, multiple fractures, greater trochanter fracture, soft-tissue issues, A3OTA type, patients who missed the follow-up period, history of previous hip fracture or dislocation, and TAD>25mm. Ultimately, 24 patients were included in this study. Two surgeons reviewed the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (Lat) radiographs. The measures of TAD, CTD, and NSA after six-months of follow-up were assessed. In addition, variables such as demographic data, fracture side, duration of operation, blood loss volume, weight bearing day, and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed. The relationship between post-operation CTD and TAD, NSA changes after six months of follow-up was analyzed. All data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software (SPSS, IBM Inc., USA). The significance level for all tests was considered to be 0.05. Results: This study evaluated 24 patients. The mean age of the patients was 69.9 ± 12.00 years, and 15 (62.5%) of them were male. No significant correlations were seen in the collected data, especially CTD and NSA changes after six-months of follow-up (p>0.05). Maximum and minimum TAD values after surgery were 25.6 and 11.0, respectively. Maximum and minimum TAD values at the six-month follow-up were 34.9 and 11.0, respectively. Mean TAD was constant at 19.8±5.3 in postoperative and follow-up measurements. This shows that patients experienced increases in TAD and others experienced decreases in TAD within the six months of follow-up. Conclusion: The results showed that despite the abnormal CTD after surgery, the risk of TAD changes increased. Generally, TAD is a well-established radiographic measurement for predicting the risk of cut-out. CTD and TAD can be used together or separately to predict the risk of DHS screw cut-out in patients with intertrochanteric fractures in future studies.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"23 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77211629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motorcycling adolescents as child neglect: A health emergency in Iran","authors":"H. Seddighi, I. Salmani, H. Sajjadi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87882651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Ghalaenovi, N. Eshraghi, A. Fattahi, M. Benam
Post-traumatic intradiploic leptomeningeal cyst (IDPTLC) manifests as an internal table disruption of the skull concomitant with a dural defect and intact external table after a previous skull fracture. It is very rare, especially in adults. We present a 30-year-old male with right occipital IDPTLC treated with duraplasty with allograft and cranioplasty with autograft ribs. Seventeen cases of IDPTLC in adulthood since 1978 were found in the literature; to the best of our knowledge, ours is the eighteenth case. Considering the possible etiology at the time of the first trauma, torn dura matter was not healed and retracted overtime. Also due to intracranial CSF pulsation, the disrupted inner table was widened and continuous force on the diploe caused a thinned swollen external table. We recommended performing overlying cranioplasty with autologous bone (rib or normal external table) with the edge of the duraplasty and the cranioplasty placed at different sites.
{"title":"Post-traumatic Intradiploic Leptomeningeal Cyst in Adult: A Case Report and Mini-Review of Literature","authors":"Hossein Ghalaenovi, N. Eshraghi, A. Fattahi, M. Benam","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104268","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic intradiploic leptomeningeal cyst (IDPTLC) manifests as an internal table disruption of the skull concomitant with a dural defect and intact external table after a previous skull fracture. It is very rare, especially in adults. We present a 30-year-old male with right occipital IDPTLC treated with duraplasty with allograft and cranioplasty with autograft ribs. Seventeen cases of IDPTLC in adulthood since 1978 were found in the literature; to the best of our knowledge, ours is the eighteenth case. Considering the possible etiology at the time of the first trauma, torn dura matter was not healed and retracted overtime. Also due to intracranial CSF pulsation, the disrupted inner table was widened and continuous force on the diploe caused a thinned swollen external table. We recommended performing overlying cranioplasty with autologous bone (rib or normal external table) with the edge of the duraplasty and the cranioplasty placed at different sites.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"30 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bahadori, R. Ravangard, M. Raadabadi, S. Hosseini-Shokouh, M. Behzadnia
Background: Emergency medical services employees, the first people providing pre-hospital services for critically ill or injured patients, are constantly exposed to many stressful factors that can lead to job burnout in the long run. The level of job burnout varies according to employees' personality traits. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate job stress and job burnout based on the personality traits of emergency medical service technicians of the Tehran Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 2018 on all operational staff of the Tehran Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center (N = 1551). A sample of 308 personnel was selected using the stratified random sampling method proportional to size and simple random sampling method. The required data was collected using a four-part questionnaire which measured demographic characteristics and included the Health and Safety Executive Job Stress Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire, and the revised Costa and McCrae NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Reducing exhaustion, job stress, and neuroticism and strengthening conscientiousness and agreeableness among emergency medical services employees are very important issues. Reducing working hours, examining factors of dissatisfaction and stressors in the workplace, and improving welfare facilities can decrease job burnout among employees. Moreover, the heads and managers of pre-hospital emergency services should plan to provide continuous training in stress management skills at emergency bases in order to reduce job stress among employees.
{"title":"Job Stress and Job Burnout Based on Personality Traits among Emergency Medical Technicians","authors":"M. Bahadori, R. Ravangard, M. Raadabadi, S. Hosseini-Shokouh, M. Behzadnia","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emergency medical services employees, the first people providing pre-hospital services for critically ill or injured patients, are constantly exposed to many stressful factors that can lead to job burnout in the long run. The level of job burnout varies according to employees' personality traits. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate job stress and job burnout based on the personality traits of emergency medical service technicians of the Tehran Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 2018 on all operational staff of the Tehran Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center (N = 1551). A sample of 308 personnel was selected using the stratified random sampling method proportional to size and simple random sampling method. The required data was collected using a four-part questionnaire which measured demographic characteristics and included the Health and Safety Executive Job Stress Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire, and the revised Costa and McCrae NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Reducing exhaustion, job stress, and neuroticism and strengthening conscientiousness and agreeableness among emergency medical services employees are very important issues. Reducing working hours, examining factors of dissatisfaction and stressors in the workplace, and improving welfare facilities can decrease job burnout among employees. Moreover, the heads and managers of pre-hospital emergency services should plan to provide continuous training in stress management skills at emergency bases in order to reduce job stress among employees.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"105 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Alavijeh, B. Hamzeh, Raziyeh Piroozeh, F. Jalilian
Background: Millions of pedestrians are seriously injured, disabled, or lose their lives in road traffic accidents annually. The availability of a standard scale specifically for predicting road-crossing behaviors would be beneficial in research applications and in tailoring interventions. Objectives: The purpose of the current research was to psychometrically evaluate the safe road-crossing behaviors scale based on the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) among college students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a purposive and multi-stage sampling method was used to select 315 students from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) during 2018. The studied social-cognitive determinants from the PWM included attitude, subjective norms, prototype, intention, and willingness. Participants completed a written self-report questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS (ver. 20.0). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with VARIMAX rotation was applied to determine the number and composition of constructs. Results: Five factors were extracted. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.806. Overall, the PWM constructs explained 64.39% of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs of attitude, subjective norms, prototype, intention, and willingness were 0.87, 0.81, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provides some support from among students at an Iranian university for the internal validity and reliability of the safe road-crossing behaviors scale. This scale could be used in planning interventions for the promotion of safe road-crossing behaviors among pedestrians.
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Safe Road-crossing Behaviors Scale: A Study among Iranian University Students","authors":"M. M. Alavijeh, B. Hamzeh, Raziyeh Piroozeh, F. Jalilian","doi":"10.30491/TM.2019.104269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2019.104269","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Millions of pedestrians are seriously injured, disabled, or lose their lives in road traffic accidents annually. The availability of a standard scale specifically for predicting road-crossing behaviors would be beneficial in research applications and in tailoring interventions. Objectives: The purpose of the current research was to psychometrically evaluate the safe road-crossing behaviors scale based on the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) among college students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a purposive and multi-stage sampling method was used to select 315 students from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) during 2018. The studied social-cognitive determinants from the PWM included attitude, subjective norms, prototype, intention, and willingness. Participants completed a written self-report questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS (ver. 20.0). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with VARIMAX rotation was applied to determine the number and composition of constructs. Results: Five factors were extracted. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.806. Overall, the PWM constructs explained 64.39% of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs of attitude, subjective norms, prototype, intention, and willingness were 0.87, 0.81, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provides some support from among students at an Iranian university for the internal validity and reliability of the safe road-crossing behaviors scale. This scale could be used in planning interventions for the promotion of safe road-crossing behaviors among pedestrians.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"48 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74284772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erich Arch Bars, M. Ghavimi, Milad Ghanizadeh, M. Alipour
Background: There are two general types of fixation methods used in mandibular fractures and osteotomy: closed fixation method with Erich arch bars and the open fixation method (without Erich arch bars). Periodontium inflammation, following mandibular fixation methods, is a complication of the healing period.Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating and comparing periodontium reaction to fixation of mandibular fractures with and without Erich arch bars.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 48 patients with mandibular fractures. Twenty-four patients were treated with close method and Erich arch bars and 24 patients with open method and without Erich arch bars. Periodontium clinical indices, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD), were measured immediately before the surgery and four, six, and eight weeks later.Results: After four, six, and eight weeks, subjects with arch bars had significantly greater PI, GI, and PPD (P value 0.001).Conclusions: According to the results, the use of Erich arch barsmore decreased periodontium status compared to the other group.
{"title":"Comparison of Periodontium Reaction to Fixation of Mandibular Fractures with and Without Erich Arch Bars","authors":"Erich Arch Bars, M. Ghavimi, Milad Ghanizadeh, M. Alipour","doi":"10.5812/TRAUMAMON.87872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/TRAUMAMON.87872","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are two general types of fixation methods used in mandibular fractures and osteotomy: closed fixation method with Erich arch bars and the open fixation method (without Erich arch bars). Periodontium inflammation, following mandibular fixation methods, is a complication of the healing period.Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating and comparing periodontium reaction to fixation of mandibular fractures with and without Erich arch bars.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 48 patients with mandibular fractures. Twenty-four patients were treated with close method and Erich arch bars and 24 patients with open method and without Erich arch bars. Periodontium clinical indices, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD), were measured immediately before the surgery and four, six, and eight weeks later.Results: After four, six, and eight weeks, subjects with arch bars had significantly greater PI, GI, and PPD (P value 0.001).Conclusions: According to the results, the use of Erich arch barsmore decreased periodontium status compared to the other group.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87405001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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