Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.214578.1047
S. Ghaffari, Alireza Kazemi, S. Talebi
Ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia result in a flail knee joint condition referred to as “floating knee”. Associated knee ligament injuries are common and have been reported to be frequently missed in initial evaluations. We report the diagnosis and treatment of the concomitant patellar tendon rupture during fixation of the distal femur and proximal tibia fractures in a patient who presented with floating knee and a history of osteomyelitis. This case further highlights the paramount importance of careful assessment of the knee in patients who present with floating knee injuries. We also recommend that MRI and ultrasonography be used to prevent ignored patellar tendon ruptures in such patients; particularly when physical exam is challenging or an intra-articular injury is present.
{"title":"Patellar Tendon Rupture in Floating Knee Injury: Case Report","authors":"S. Ghaffari, Alireza Kazemi, S. Talebi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.214578.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.214578.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia result in a flail knee joint condition referred to as “floating knee”. Associated knee ligament injuries are common and have been reported to be frequently missed in initial evaluations. We report the diagnosis and treatment of the concomitant patellar tendon rupture during fixation of the distal femur and proximal tibia fractures in a patient who presented with floating knee and a history of osteomyelitis. This case further highlights the paramount importance of careful assessment of the knee in patients who present with floating knee injuries. We also recommend that MRI and ultrasonography be used to prevent ignored patellar tendon ruptures in such patients; particularly when physical exam is challenging or an intra-articular injury is present.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"15 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78401353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213440.1003
M. Nejadshafiee, Moghadameh Mirzaee, F. Aliakbari, N. rafiee, A. Sabermahani, M. Nekoei-Moghadam
Background: Natural and man-made disasters have significant effects on the physical, psychological, and emotional health of society. Nurses play an essential role in disaster management. Therefore, nurses should have specific core competencies to provide care for affected people during disaster situations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess hospital nurses’ disaster competencies in such situations. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire that included 50 questions on NCDS (Nurse Competence Disaster Scale) in four domains. The questionnaires were distributed among 142 nurses working in three teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. Results: The average percentage scores of nurses on their responses to questions in the domains of management, ethical aspects, personal aspects, and technical aspects of disaster competencies were 39.76%, 19.53%, 32.02%, and 75.06%, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, nurses’ participation in maneuvers and their work experience exerted the strongest influence on disaster nursing core competencies. Nurses who had practice during maneuvers had higher competency scores by 19.63 units than those who had no practice (p=0.0001). Moreover, the competency scores of nurses with more than 11 years of work experience were higher by 11.42 units than the others (p=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, strategies such as disaster drills and continuing education programs need to be developed for nurses to improve their disaster core competency.
{"title":"Hospital Nurses’ Disaster Competencies","authors":"M. Nejadshafiee, Moghadameh Mirzaee, F. Aliakbari, N. rafiee, A. Sabermahani, M. Nekoei-Moghadam","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213440.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213440.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural and man-made disasters have significant effects on the physical, psychological, and emotional health of society. Nurses play an essential role in disaster management. Therefore, nurses should have specific core competencies to provide care for affected people during disaster situations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess hospital nurses’ disaster competencies in such situations. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire that included 50 questions on NCDS (Nurse Competence Disaster Scale) in four domains. The questionnaires were distributed among 142 nurses working in three teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. Results: The average percentage scores of nurses on their responses to questions in the domains of management, ethical aspects, personal aspects, and technical aspects of disaster competencies were 39.76%, 19.53%, 32.02%, and 75.06%, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, nurses’ participation in maneuvers and their work experience exerted the strongest influence on disaster nursing core competencies. Nurses who had practice during maneuvers had higher competency scores by 19.63 units than those who had no practice (p=0.0001). Moreover, the competency scores of nurses with more than 11 years of work experience were higher by 11.42 units than the others (p=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, strategies such as disaster drills and continuing education programs need to be developed for nurses to improve their disaster core competency.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"53 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87784934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213409.1029
Seyyed Saeed Khabiri, Nima Bagheri, M. Yaghoubi
Severe musculoskeletal injuries, resulting in bone and soft-tissue loss, are often caused by high-energy trauma (i.e. falling from heights and road accidents), and many ultimately lead to extreme limitations in motor functions due to fracture complications or amputations. Traumatic bone injuries are very rare in children and are usually detected following open fractures, and their initial or delayed treatment depends on the conditions of the patient’s soft tissue. Here, a rare case of A 13-year-old male patient was referred to the under study hospital due to a roll over car accident with a crush injury, both-bone fracture of the forearm, and radius defects, and the spontaneous repair of the post-traumatic radius defect healing without delayed intervention is presented.
{"title":"Spontaneous Renewal of Pediatric Both-Bone Fracture: Case Report","authors":"Seyyed Saeed Khabiri, Nima Bagheri, M. Yaghoubi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213409.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213409.1029","url":null,"abstract":"Severe musculoskeletal injuries, resulting in bone and soft-tissue loss, are often caused by high-energy trauma (i.e. falling from heights and road accidents), and many ultimately lead to extreme limitations in motor functions due to fracture complications or amputations. Traumatic bone injuries are very rare in children and are usually detected following open fractures, and their initial or delayed treatment depends on the conditions of the patient’s soft tissue. Here, a rare case of A 13-year-old male patient was referred to the under study hospital due to a roll over car accident with a crush injury, both-bone fracture of the forearm, and radius defects, and the spontaneous repair of the post-traumatic radius defect healing without delayed intervention is presented.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"4 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82244293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213631.1026
Yalda Mousazadeh, H. S. Bazargani, A. Janati, M. Pouraghaei
Background: Trauma is considered one of the major causes of death around the world. Increased costs of healthcare and differences in the quality of services among trauma centers indicate that measuring the performance of trauma care is necessary. Objectives: the present study aimed to develop some trauma care performance indicators. Methods: This study was implemented between September 2017 and October 2018 in a four-stage process: a comprehensive literature review, sessions with a panel of five experts, two focus group discussions, sixteen semi-structured interviews, and a two-round Delphi survey. The study setting was East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Forty-six experts in different fields of medical sciences confirmed applicable indicators for trauma care assessment. Results: A total of 140 indicators were found through a comprehensive literature review. After conducting expert panels, focus group discussions, and interviews, the number of indicators decreased to 57 cases and were entered into the Delphi survey. In the first phase of the Delphi survey, content validity ratio (CVR), content validity indicator (CVI), and modified kappa values were 0.64, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively. Sixteen indicators were changed or deleted and 6 indicators were separated. The members of the final expert panel agreed on 50 indicators in the second phase of the Delphi survey after omitting 7 indicators. Conclusion: Performanceindicators for trauma care evaluation were introduced in this study. They can be used by policymakers and health service providers to assess and improve performance and compare trauma centers in Iran and developing countries that have health systems similar to the Iranian health system.
{"title":"Developing Performance Indicators for Trauma Care: A Four-Stage Qualitative Study","authors":"Yalda Mousazadeh, H. S. Bazargani, A. Janati, M. Pouraghaei","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213631.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213631.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trauma is considered one of the major causes of death around the world. Increased costs of healthcare and differences in the quality of services among trauma centers indicate that measuring the performance of trauma care is necessary. Objectives: the present study aimed to develop some trauma care performance indicators. Methods: This study was implemented between September 2017 and October 2018 in a four-stage process: a comprehensive literature review, sessions with a panel of five experts, two focus group discussions, sixteen semi-structured interviews, and a two-round Delphi survey. The study setting was East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Forty-six experts in different fields of medical sciences confirmed applicable indicators for trauma care assessment. Results: A total of 140 indicators were found through a comprehensive literature review. After conducting expert panels, focus group discussions, and interviews, the number of indicators decreased to 57 cases and were entered into the Delphi survey. In the first phase of the Delphi survey, content validity ratio (CVR), content validity indicator (CVI), and modified kappa values were 0.64, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively. Sixteen indicators were changed or deleted and 6 indicators were separated. The members of the final expert panel agreed on 50 indicators in the second phase of the Delphi survey after omitting 7 indicators. Conclusion: Performanceindicators for trauma care evaluation were introduced in this study. They can be used by policymakers and health service providers to assess and improve performance and compare trauma centers in Iran and developing countries that have health systems similar to the Iranian health system.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"34 1","pages":"34-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79291183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.220331.1072
T. Sharifi, R. Dehnavieh, M. J. Sirizi, N. Baghian, S. N. Hekmat
Background: Injuries from traffic accident are the second cause of premature death (after ischemic heart disease) in Iran. In 2004 and 2010, two laws (Articles 92 and 36) were passed by the parliament addressing free health service delivery to victims of traffic accidents (financed by third party insurance premiums). Objectives: The current study explored the challenges and complexities related to problems in the implementation of Articles 92 and 36. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the framework analysis method. Thirty-six experts, managers, and policy-makers were selected using snowball sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2016. Data saturation supported the sample size, and Atlas.Ti5.2 software were used. Results: Four main themes were identified in the data analysis namely policy content, policy context, policy processes, and policy makers. Nine sub-themes emerged during the analysis history and the necessity of legislation. Conclusion: Enforcing out-of-coverage financial loads on basic insurance companies and accident victims along with generalization in providing service packages are the most important challenges hampering implementation.
{"title":"Insurance Coverage for Traffic Accident Victims in Iran’s Health System","authors":"T. Sharifi, R. Dehnavieh, M. J. Sirizi, N. Baghian, S. N. Hekmat","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.220331.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.220331.1072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Injuries from traffic accident are the second cause of premature death (after ischemic heart disease) in Iran. In 2004 and 2010, two laws (Articles 92 and 36) were passed by the parliament addressing free health service delivery to victims of traffic accidents (financed by third party insurance premiums). Objectives: The current study explored the challenges and complexities related to problems in the implementation of Articles 92 and 36. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the framework analysis method. Thirty-six experts, managers, and policy-makers were selected using snowball sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2016. Data saturation supported the sample size, and Atlas.Ti5.2 software were used. Results: Four main themes were identified in the data analysis namely policy content, policy context, policy processes, and policy makers. Nine sub-themes emerged during the analysis history and the necessity of legislation. Conclusion: Enforcing out-of-coverage financial loads on basic insurance companies and accident victims along with generalization in providing service packages are the most important challenges hampering implementation.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"127 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74924421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.214049.1041
Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq
{"title":"Important Considerations in a Systematic Review of Maxillofacial Fractures Pattern","authors":"Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.214049.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.214049.1041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87041915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213470.1007
O. Garkaz, H. Mehryar, H. Khalkhali, S. Lak
Background: Based on the Haddon matrix, several factors such as environment, host, and agent can affect the severity of traffic-related injuries. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the severity of injuries due to traffic accidents using the Haddon matrix. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all traffic accident victims (n=2015) referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia during 2015-2016 were selected by the census method. Demographic data of the patients and data regarding Haddon risk factors was collected and then analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression using the SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.63±18.53 years. Most of the victims of traffic accidents were male (age range, 17-30 years) with severe and critical injuries. The most common mechanisms of injury were car-pedestrian collisions (27.9%), car overturning (31.1%), and collisions between two cars (26.3%). Violation of speed limit (73.2%) and violation of right-of-way (17.9%) were the most common moving violations. Additionally, the results of the multivariate analysis regarding vehicle safety devices showed that there was a significant relationship between the time and location of the accident and the severity of the injury (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that many factors, including using vehicle safety tools and time and location of the accidents have been implicated in the severity of accident-related injuries. Hence, appropriate planning and training and national and international measures can be helpful in reducing injury severity.
{"title":"Factors affecting the severity of traffic accident injuries; a cross-sectional study based on the Haddon matrix","authors":"O. Garkaz, H. Mehryar, H. Khalkhali, S. Lak","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213470.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213470.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Based on the Haddon matrix, several factors such as environment, host, and agent can affect the severity of traffic-related injuries. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the severity of injuries due to traffic accidents using the Haddon matrix. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all traffic accident victims (n=2015) referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia during 2015-2016 were selected by the census method. Demographic data of the patients and data regarding Haddon risk factors was collected and then analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression using the SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.63±18.53 years. Most of the victims of traffic accidents were male (age range, 17-30 years) with severe and critical injuries. The most common mechanisms of injury were car-pedestrian collisions (27.9%), car overturning (31.1%), and collisions between two cars (26.3%). Violation of speed limit (73.2%) and violation of right-of-way (17.9%) were the most common moving violations. Additionally, the results of the multivariate analysis regarding vehicle safety devices showed that there was a significant relationship between the time and location of the accident and the severity of the injury (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that many factors, including using vehicle safety tools and time and location of the accidents have been implicated in the severity of accident-related injuries. Hence, appropriate planning and training and national and international measures can be helpful in reducing injury severity.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"18 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82880402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213789.1033
M. Okhovatpour, R. Zandi, mohammdreza minatoorsajadi, A. Ebrahimpour, meisam jafari kafi abadi
Background: Multi-ligament knee injury is common after knee dislocation. There are different approaches for treating multi-ligament knee injuries; however, choosing the best approach is a challenging issue. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of early reconstruction of collateral ligaments and delayed reconstruction of cruciate ligaments in multi-ligament knee injury. Methods: In this prospective study, 24 patients who had a grade 3 tear in one collateral ligament in addition to tears in two other knee ligaments were enrolled. At the first stage, collateral ligaments were reconstructed; after the patient gained full range of motion, reconstruction was done for the cruciate ligaments. Patients were followed-up for one year and postoperative evaluations were conducted through clinical tests, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, and Lysholm scales. Results: Twenty-four patients were entered into the final analysis. Synchronous injury of anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament, posterolateral corner, and lateral collateral ligament had the highest frequency (37.5%). At the one-year follow-up, the average Lysholm and IKDC scores were 86.4 ± 3.5 and 83.8 ± 4, respectively. Range of motion was normal in all patients at the end of the study. Furthermore, in varus and valgus stress tests, the outcomes of reconstruction were better on the lateral side of the knee than on the medial side. Conclusion: The results revealed that a two-stage surgery consisting of early reconstruction of collateral ligaments and delayed reconstruction of cruciate ligaments have good clinical and functional outcomes in multi-ligament knee injuries.
{"title":"Clinical and functional outcomes of early reconstruction of the collateral ligaments and delayed reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments in multi-ligament knee injury; a prospective, cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Okhovatpour, R. Zandi, mohammdreza minatoorsajadi, A. Ebrahimpour, meisam jafari kafi abadi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213789.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213789.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multi-ligament knee injury is common after knee dislocation. There are different approaches for treating multi-ligament knee injuries; however, choosing the best approach is a challenging issue. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of early reconstruction of collateral ligaments and delayed reconstruction of cruciate ligaments in multi-ligament knee injury. Methods: In this prospective study, 24 patients who had a grade 3 tear in one collateral ligament in addition to tears in two other knee ligaments were enrolled. At the first stage, collateral ligaments were reconstructed; after the patient gained full range of motion, reconstruction was done for the cruciate ligaments. Patients were followed-up for one year and postoperative evaluations were conducted through clinical tests, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, and Lysholm scales. Results: Twenty-four patients were entered into the final analysis. Synchronous injury of anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament, posterolateral corner, and lateral collateral ligament had the highest frequency (37.5%). At the one-year follow-up, the average Lysholm and IKDC scores were 86.4 ± 3.5 and 83.8 ± 4, respectively. Range of motion was normal in all patients at the end of the study. Furthermore, in varus and valgus stress tests, the outcomes of reconstruction were better on the lateral side of the knee than on the medial side. Conclusion: The results revealed that a two-stage surgery consisting of early reconstruction of collateral ligaments and delayed reconstruction of cruciate ligaments have good clinical and functional outcomes in multi-ligament knee injuries.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"81 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85558760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213877.1035
Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Marzieh Mahmudimanesh, L. Abedi, S. Tabatabaei, Azimeh Ghaderi
Background: Road traffic accident is one of the most important causes of disability and death in the young population. A significant number of people injured in road traffic accidents die after they arrive at the hospital. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trend of mortality in road traffic accidents and forecast it for the coming years using time series modeling. Methods: This study investigated the trend of road traffic accidents and their victims in Najafabad, Iran, between 2011 and 2017. The ARIMA time series model was fitted on the obtained data and the best model was selected based on the least mean square error. Moreover, the model’s goodness of fit was investigated by residuals ACF and PACF plots as well as Ljung-Box chi-square statistics. Results: The trend analysis and ARIMA models were investigated, and the results showed a descending trend of fatalities due to traffic accident during 2011-2017. Afterwards, some models were fitted and ARIMA was selected (0, 1, 1), because it had the lowest mean square error value. By fitting the best model, the trend of traffic accident mortality was forecasted for five years (2018 to 2022). Finally, the forecasted values showed that future traffic accident mortalities had a decreasing trend. Conclusion: The trend of mortality due to road traffic injuries declined, indicating a decreasing trend in deaths for the upcoming years. Therefore, the interventions that have been applied in recent years may be considered as useful.
{"title":"Traffic Accident Mortality in Najafabad, Iran during 2011-2017","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Marzieh Mahmudimanesh, L. Abedi, S. Tabatabaei, Azimeh Ghaderi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213877.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213877.1035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road traffic accident is one of the most important causes of disability and death in the young population. A significant number of people injured in road traffic accidents die after they arrive at the hospital. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trend of mortality in road traffic accidents and forecast it for the coming years using time series modeling. Methods: This study investigated the trend of road traffic accidents and their victims in Najafabad, Iran, between 2011 and 2017. The ARIMA time series model was fitted on the obtained data and the best model was selected based on the least mean square error. Moreover, the model’s goodness of fit was investigated by residuals ACF and PACF plots as well as Ljung-Box chi-square statistics. Results: The trend analysis and ARIMA models were investigated, and the results showed a descending trend of fatalities due to traffic accident during 2011-2017. Afterwards, some models were fitted and ARIMA was selected (0, 1, 1), because it had the lowest mean square error value. By fitting the best model, the trend of traffic accident mortality was forecasted for five years (2018 to 2022). Finally, the forecasted values showed that future traffic accident mortalities had a decreasing trend. Conclusion: The trend of mortality due to road traffic injuries declined, indicating a decreasing trend in deaths for the upcoming years. Therefore, the interventions that have been applied in recent years may be considered as useful.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"49 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90921834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Hamideh Molaie, Sadrollah Mahmoudi, H. Goodarzi, Z. Danial, M. Farajzadeh, Mehdi Pakravesh, F. Heidari
Background: In the few past decades, the world has experienced numerous terrorist attacks. Objectives: We sought to review the mechanisms and patterns of injuries in terrorist attacks; the main goal being better management of victims of these attacks. Methods: In current narrative review; electronic databases (PubMed, Wiley, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus) were searched seeking relevant publications between 2000-2018. The keywords used when searching for articles included: violence, terrorism, disasters, trauma, trauma centers, war, mass casualties, wounds, and injuries. Searching, screening, and assessment of records were done separately by two authors; disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Results: Nine studies were found to be eligible for inclusion in this study. The most common device-related terrorist attacks were explosives and bombs. More than half of the victims suffered minor injured and could be treated promptly. The most common causes of mortality were head injuries, airway burns, and internal bleeding. The secondary and tertiary results of terrorist attacks were head and neck injuries. Pulmonary injuries were also common injuries in terrorist-attack victims. The most significant cause for emergency treatment was airway burns. The head, neck, pelvis, and hand were the most commonly exposed body areas. Limb amputation is a major result of complications and mortality. The mortality rate of victims that referred to a hospital was low; most deaths occurred at the scene of the attack. Aging victims, children, and women were most influenced by terrorist attacks. Immediate examination, long-term follow-up, and advanced therapeutics and psychological therapy are necessary. Conclusion: Differences in the severity and type of injuries among victims of terrorist attacks depend upon the various causes of blast injuries, the power of the explosion, the open or enclosed location setting, the destruction of structures, and the interval between cases and the explosion. The current results showed that head and lung injuries are major causes of mortality in victims of terrorism. Appropriate emergency medical services and early management could increase patient survival rates and reduce complications.
背景:在过去的几十年里，世界经历了多次恐怖袭击。目标:我们试图审查恐怖袭击中受伤的机制和模式;主要目标是更好地管理这些攻击的受害者。方法:在当前的叙事回顾;检索电子数据库(PubMed、Wiley、EMBASE、ISI Web of Knowledge和Scopus)，寻找2000-2018年间的相关出版物。搜索文章时使用的关键词包括:暴力、恐怖主义、灾难、创伤、创伤中心、战争、大规模伤亡、伤口和伤害。记录的检索、筛选和评估由两位作者分别完成;分歧通过与第三位审稿人讨论解决。结果:9项研究被纳入本研究。最常见的与装置有关的恐怖袭击是爆炸物和炸弹。一半以上的受害者受轻伤，可以及时得到治疗。最常见的死亡原因是头部损伤、气道烧伤和内出血。恐怖袭击的第二和第三后果是头部和颈部受伤。肺部损伤也是恐怖袭击受害者中常见的伤害。急诊治疗的最主要原因是气道烧伤。头部、颈部、骨盆和手是最常暴露的身体部位。截肢是并发症和死亡率的主要结果。转诊到医院的受害者死亡率很低;大多数死亡发生在袭击现场。老年受害者、儿童和妇女最容易受到恐怖袭击的影响。需要立即检查，长期随访，先进的治疗和心理治疗。结论:恐怖袭击受害者受伤的严重程度和类型的差异取决于爆炸伤害的各种原因、爆炸的威力、开放或封闭的地点设置、建筑物的破坏程度以及案件与爆炸的间隔时间。目前的结果表明，头部和肺部损伤是恐怖主义受害者死亡的主要原因。适当的紧急医疗服务和早期管理可提高患者存活率并减少并发症。
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