Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.214430.1046
Farzin Sarkarat, M. Khosravi, R. Kahali, Amirparham Pirhadi Rad, S. Ebrahimi, V. Rakhshan
Introduction: Given that zygoma fractures are the second most common facial trauma, knowledge of their treatments is of clinical value. Among these are fixations methods, which despite their importance are neglected in many aspects. Therefore, for the first time in the literature, the present finite element analysis evaluated displacements and dynamics of the zygoma fixed using four 2- and 3-point resorbable and four non-resorbable plates under normal and maximal mastication loads. Methods: A maxillofacial CT scan of a man with linear fractures without severe displacements was used to model the zygoma and its adjacent bones. Seven combinations of resorbable and seven combinations of non-resorbable mini-plates 2mm thick were fixed on the zygoma (orbital rim, zygomaticomaxillary buttress [ZMB], and frontozygomatic [FZ]) using 6mm miniscrews. ZMB was fixed using an L-shaped 4-hole plate. The infraorbital rim was fixed with a curved 5-hole miniplate. The FZ suture area was fixed with a 4-hole miniplate. The model underwent 150N and 750N loads. Minimum and maximum displacements, rotational displacements, stresses, and strains of the zygoma models were calculated. Results: Non-resorbable fixation methods can yield much smaller stresses, strains, and displacements compared to resorbable fixations. Also the parameters were much smaller under the 150N load compared to the 750N load. The worst results belonged to the fixation of Rim and ZMB and the best results belonged to the fixation of ZMB-Rim, and especially FZ-ZMB, Rim-FZ, and FZ-ZMB-Rim. Conclusions: In patients with heavy masticatory forces, it is not recommended to use resorbable plates.
{"title":"Stability and dynamics of the fractured zygomaticomaxillary complex fixed using non-resorbable and resorbable 2- and 3-point miniplates, under physiological and maximal occlusal loads: a finite element analysis","authors":"Farzin Sarkarat, M. Khosravi, R. Kahali, Amirparham Pirhadi Rad, S. Ebrahimi, V. Rakhshan","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.214430.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.214430.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Given that zygoma fractures are the second most common facial trauma, knowledge of their treatments is of clinical value. Among these are fixations methods, which despite their importance are neglected in many aspects. Therefore, for the first time in the literature, the present finite element analysis evaluated displacements and dynamics of the zygoma fixed using four 2- and 3-point resorbable and four non-resorbable plates under normal and maximal mastication loads. \u0000Methods: A maxillofacial CT scan of a man with linear fractures without severe displacements was used to model the zygoma and its adjacent bones. Seven combinations of resorbable and seven combinations of non-resorbable mini-plates 2mm thick were fixed on the zygoma (orbital rim, zygomaticomaxillary buttress [ZMB], and frontozygomatic [FZ]) using 6mm miniscrews. ZMB was fixed using an L-shaped 4-hole plate. The infraorbital rim was fixed with a curved 5-hole miniplate. The FZ suture area was fixed with a 4-hole miniplate. The model underwent 150N and 750N loads. Minimum and maximum displacements, rotational displacements, stresses, and strains of the zygoma models were calculated. \u0000Results: Non-resorbable fixation methods can yield much smaller stresses, strains, and displacements compared to resorbable fixations. Also the parameters were much smaller under the 150N load compared to the 750N load. The worst results belonged to the fixation of Rim and ZMB and the best results belonged to the fixation of ZMB-Rim, and especially FZ-ZMB, Rim-FZ, and FZ-ZMB-Rim. \u0000Conclusions: In patients with heavy masticatory forces, it is not recommended to use resorbable plates.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87132057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.217846.1064
N. Karimi, Mohsen Mohyeddini, F. Zeinali, Mehrnaz Nikouyeh, M. Sobhan, Mohamadali Jafari, Alireza Esmaeili
Background: There are many methods for evaluating a traumatized metacarp. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of the metacarpal compression test for the diagnosis of metacarpal fracture. Methods: All patients with metacarpal trauma were tested via placement of axial load (compression) on the metacarpal; induction or exacerbation of pain on each metacarp was recorded upon applying axial pressure. Then, an X-Ray imaging system was used to identify and record the presence of fracture. All data were entered into a 2x2 table, and then negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity of the test were calculated. Results: After careful physical examination and application of the axial pressure on the metacarpal bone, 16(23.68%) patients did not experience any pain during axial loading (none had fracture). According to the statistical analyses of the data, the proposed method had a 69% specificity, 100% sensitivity, 86% PPV and 100% NPV. Conclusion: Our findings showed that axial loading applied on the metacarpal bone, when it leads to pain, is a good marker for fracture. On the other hand, patients with negative test results had no fracture on radiography, which emphasized 100% NPV of the test.
{"title":"Evaluation of Metacarpal Compression Test for Diagnosis of Metacarpal Fracture","authors":"N. Karimi, Mohsen Mohyeddini, F. Zeinali, Mehrnaz Nikouyeh, M. Sobhan, Mohamadali Jafari, Alireza Esmaeili","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.217846.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.217846.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are many methods for evaluating a traumatized metacarp. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of the metacarpal compression test for the diagnosis of metacarpal fracture. Methods: All patients with metacarpal trauma were tested via placement of axial load (compression) on the metacarpal; induction or exacerbation of pain on each metacarp was recorded upon applying axial pressure. Then, an X-Ray imaging system was used to identify and record the presence of fracture. All data were entered into a 2x2 table, and then negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity of the test were calculated. Results: After careful physical examination and application of the axial pressure on the metacarpal bone, 16(23.68%) patients did not experience any pain during axial loading (none had fracture). According to the statistical analyses of the data, the proposed method had a 69% specificity, 100% sensitivity, 86% PPV and 100% NPV. Conclusion: Our findings showed that axial loading applied on the metacarpal bone, when it leads to pain, is a good marker for fracture. On the other hand, patients with negative test results had no fracture on radiography, which emphasized 100% NPV of the test.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"37 1","pages":"124-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86109424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213838.1034
V. Farnia, O. Davarinejad, M. Khanegi, T. A. Jouybari, S. Salemi, Shima Pajouhinia, M. Alikhani, Sara Hookari, B. Behrouz
Background: Natural disasters may lead to personal and social dysfunction in children. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and their relationship with demographic characteristics in children surviving the 2017 earthquake in western Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional-analytical study. The statistical population included all children surviving the 2017 earthquake in western Iran. The sample size included 335 subjects selected by convenience sampling. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (Parent Form) was the tool used to collect data and chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The rule breaking (5.3%) and somatic complaints (2.4%) were the most and least prevalent behavioral problems in children, respectively. General behavior problems (8.3%), internalizing behavior problems (7.4%), and externalizing behavior problems (7.1%) were the most prevalent, respectively. Gender had a significant statistical relationship with somatic complaints and attention problems; loss of home with rule breaking, internalizing behavior problems, and general behavior problems; the number of children in a family with anxiety; age of the father with social problems, aggression, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; the father’s educational level with withdrawal; mother’s educational level with attention problems, aggression, externalizing behavior problems and general behavior problems; and economic status with aggression (p<0.05) were apparent. Conclusion: Given the significant prevalence of behavioral and psychiatric disorders in children who survived the earthquake, identifying children at risk is important for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of aforementioned problems in these children.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Their Relationship with Demographic Characteristics in Children Surviving the 2017 Earthquake in West of Iran","authors":"V. Farnia, O. Davarinejad, M. Khanegi, T. A. Jouybari, S. Salemi, Shima Pajouhinia, M. Alikhani, Sara Hookari, B. Behrouz","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213838.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213838.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural disasters may lead to personal and social dysfunction in children. \u0000Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and their relationship with demographic characteristics in children surviving the 2017 earthquake in western Iran. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional-analytical study. The statistical population included all children surviving the 2017 earthquake in western Iran. The sample size included 335 subjects selected by convenience sampling. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (Parent Form) was the tool used to collect data and chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the data. \u0000Results: The rule breaking (5.3%) and somatic complaints (2.4%) were the most and least prevalent behavioral problems in children, respectively. General behavior problems (8.3%), internalizing behavior problems (7.4%), and externalizing behavior problems (7.1%) were the most prevalent, respectively. Gender had a significant statistical relationship with somatic complaints and attention problems; loss of home with rule breaking, internalizing behavior problems, and general behavior problems; the number of children in a family with anxiety; age of the father with social problems, aggression, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; the father’s educational level with withdrawal; mother’s educational level with attention problems, aggression, externalizing behavior problems and general behavior problems; and economic status with aggression (p<0.05) were apparent. \u0000Conclusion: Given the significant prevalence of behavioral and psychiatric disorders in children who survived the earthquake, identifying children at risk is important for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of aforementioned problems in these children.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"31 1","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.217330.1068
M. Azar, Iman Sadeghian, Soroosh Fateh, M. Gharib
Ossification of the Achilles tendon is a rare disease and seen more frequently in men than in women. Most patients present with pain caused by local inflammation. It is a disease of physically active people, and management of these patients is important. Many pathologic and molecular studies have been conducted to determine the cause of this disease. Minor trauma and microdamages may be the most important factors related to Achilles tendinopathy or Achilles tears. Sometimes, in cases without significant symptoms, no treatment is need; in symptomatic ones, however, relief of pain is the main treatment objective. Treatment of this disease varies from conservative treatment, including NSAIDs or physiotherapy, to electrotherapy, ionotherapy, and surgical strategies. Herein we report of a patient with Achilles tendon ossification, diagnosed by physical and radiographic evaluation treated with a foot brace without any drugs or surgery. The relation between radiographic changes and patient symptoms was important and helpful in choosing the mode of treatment.
{"title":"Achilles Tendon Ossification Treated Without Medication or Surgery","authors":"M. Azar, Iman Sadeghian, Soroosh Fateh, M. Gharib","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.217330.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.217330.1068","url":null,"abstract":"Ossification of the Achilles tendon is a rare disease and seen more frequently in men than in women. Most patients present with pain caused by local inflammation. It is a disease of physically active people, and management of these patients is important. Many pathologic and molecular studies have been conducted to determine the cause of this disease. Minor trauma and microdamages may be the most important factors related to Achilles tendinopathy or Achilles tears. Sometimes, in cases without significant symptoms, no treatment is need; in symptomatic ones, however, relief of pain is the main treatment objective. Treatment of this disease varies from conservative treatment, including NSAIDs or physiotherapy, to electrotherapy, ionotherapy, and surgical strategies. Herein we report of a patient with Achilles tendon ossification, diagnosed by physical and radiographic evaluation treated with a foot brace without any drugs or surgery. The relation between radiographic changes and patient symptoms was important and helpful in choosing the mode of treatment.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"44 1","pages":"113-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78583346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213410.1000
A. Abdolmaleki, S. Zahri, A. Asadi, R. Wassersug
Managing sports injuries is clinically challenging. Although new techniques can delay musculoskeletal deterioration and promote tissue restoration, they are not widely used. Thus, there is a critical need to promulgate these new methods. In recent years, “tissue engineering” approaches have been developed for improving the regeneration of cartilage by transplanting cells or engineered constructs into injured tissue. The mechanical environment affects the biology of a tissue and is necessary for the development and maintenance of load-bearing tissues. Platelets can be combined with other healing factors as a new therapeutic modality. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be introduced as an autologous blood product that may improve wound healing. In this regard, stem cell therapy that focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a new treatment method in sports medicine. MSCs are multipotent; they have the ability to differentiate into other cells, notably osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoblasts, and fibroblasts, depending on a variety of factors. In summary, recent advances in tissue regeneration have provided new perspectives for the use of tissue engineering to enhance tissue healing after sports injuries namely the microfracture method, the mechanical stimuli method, PRP therapy, and stem cell therapy
{"title":"The role of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the treatment of sport injuries a review study","authors":"A. Abdolmaleki, S. Zahri, A. Asadi, R. Wassersug","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213410.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213410.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Managing sports injuries is clinically challenging. Although new techniques can delay musculoskeletal deterioration and promote tissue restoration, they are not widely used. Thus, there is a critical need to promulgate these new methods. In recent years, “tissue engineering” approaches have been developed for improving the regeneration of cartilage by transplanting cells or engineered constructs into injured tissue. The mechanical environment affects the biology of a tissue and is necessary for the development and maintenance of load-bearing tissues. Platelets can be combined with other healing factors as a new therapeutic modality. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be introduced as an autologous blood product that may improve wound healing. In this regard, stem cell therapy that focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a new treatment method in sports medicine. MSCs are multipotent; they have the ability to differentiate into other cells, notably osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoblasts, and fibroblasts, depending on a variety of factors. In summary, recent advances in tissue regeneration have provided new perspectives for the use of tissue engineering to enhance tissue healing after sports injuries namely the microfracture method, the mechanical stimuli method, PRP therapy, and stem cell therapy","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"87 1","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83802420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.228779.1107
S. Ghaffari, Alireza Kazemi, Mehran Razavipour, M. Shayestehazar, S. Talebi, Zahra Mardanshahi
Background: Optimal management of proximal tibial fractures remains to be a clinical challenge. Most studies on this condition have been conducted on cadaver specimens, and few have compared the clinical outcomes of single and double plating methods in these fractures. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes and complications of the single and double plating methods in the treatment of metaphysical proximal tibial fracture. Methods: We treated 40 patients with metaphyseal tibial fracture with single or double plating methods (20 in each group). Patients were followed after 2 and 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months; all were assessed for malunion, nonunion, and malalignment deformities. Results: In the double plating group, numerically better flexion and extension range was not significant (p >0.05). However, in the interpretation of the Lysholm Knee Score questionnaire, a significantly higher proportion of good and excellent postoperative outcomes were found in the double plating group (p=0.041). In the double plating group, 15%, 15%, 40%, and 30% of patients were categorized as having poor, fair, good, and excellent outcomes, respectively. These proportions were 30%, 45%, 15%, and 10% among the single plating group respectively. Moreover, we detected positive valgus stress test in the single plating method in 30% of the cases, compared with 5% in the double plating method (p=0.037). Similarly, we observed that 20% of the cases with positive varus stress test in the single plating method, compared with the double plating method that had no cases who tested positive (p=0.035). The observed significant differences survived after we controlled for the positive stress test using regression models. It should be noted that in the single plating group, one case of valgus malalignment with 10° and one case of varus malalignment with 5° were observed. Conclusion: Our results highlight that the choice of the double plating method to be associated with significantly better outcomes and fewer complications in the treatment of proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture.
{"title":"Postoperative Outcomes of Single and Double Plating Osteosynthesis for Proximal Metaphyseal Tibial Fractures","authors":"S. Ghaffari, Alireza Kazemi, Mehran Razavipour, M. Shayestehazar, S. Talebi, Zahra Mardanshahi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.228779.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.228779.1107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Optimal management of proximal tibial fractures remains to be a clinical challenge. Most studies on this condition have been conducted on cadaver specimens, and few have compared the clinical outcomes of single and double plating methods in these fractures. \u0000Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes and complications of the single and double plating methods in the treatment of metaphysical proximal tibial fracture. \u0000Methods: We treated 40 patients with metaphyseal tibial fracture with single or double plating methods (20 in each group). Patients were followed after 2 and 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months; all were assessed for malunion, nonunion, and malalignment deformities. \u0000Results: In the double plating group, numerically better flexion and extension range was not significant (p >0.05). However, in the interpretation of the Lysholm Knee Score questionnaire, a significantly higher proportion of good and excellent postoperative outcomes were found in the double plating group (p=0.041). In the double plating group, 15%, 15%, 40%, and 30% of patients were categorized as having poor, fair, good, and excellent outcomes, respectively. These proportions were 30%, 45%, 15%, and 10% among the single plating group respectively. Moreover, we detected positive valgus stress test in the single plating method in 30% of the cases, compared with 5% in the double plating method (p=0.037). Similarly, we observed that 20% of the cases with positive varus stress test in the single plating method, compared with the double plating method that had no cases who tested positive (p=0.035). The observed significant differences survived after we controlled for the positive stress test using regression models. It should be noted that in the single plating group, one case of valgus malalignment with 10° and one case of varus malalignment with 5° were observed. \u0000Conclusion: Our results highlight that the choice of the double plating method to be associated with significantly better outcomes and fewer complications in the treatment of proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"61 1","pages":"128-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86074700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213548.1020
A. Khaji, S. Tabatabaei, Ahmad Mashkoori
Background: Prisoners of War (POWs) undergo different physical and/or psychological tortures. According to the Third Geneva Convention, each government is obliged to protect POWs from any harm, especially torture. Although torture of POWs has been considered in international documents such as the 3rd Red Cross Convention for Prevention of Torture, this issue seems to have been ignored so far. Thus, the current article discusses this issue. Objectives: This review aimed to describe an important, yet neglected, way to protect POWs from torture. Methods: The behaviors of Iraqi and Iranian authorities toward the soldiers that were selected to take care of POWs were compared. This review study is based on a narrative search that included articles published on the Iraq-Iran war (1980-88). Results: According to international laws, there is no ethical justification for the torture of POWs, especially after many years of captivity. During the Iraq-Iran war, Iraqi authorities recruited soldiers who had been harmed in some way by the war to handle Iranian POWs. The presence of war victims as care providers to POWs in detention camps may provide grounds for the torture and maltreatment of POWs. Conclusion: Prohibiting the presence of war victims in detention camps could be one important and effective way to protect POWs from torture and maltreatment.
{"title":"Protection of Prisoners of War from Torture with Proper Selection of Soldiers Taking Care of POWs: An Ethical View","authors":"A. Khaji, S. Tabatabaei, Ahmad Mashkoori","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213548.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213548.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prisoners of War (POWs) undergo different physical and/or psychological tortures. According to the Third Geneva Convention, each government is obliged to protect POWs from any harm, especially torture. Although torture of POWs has been considered in international documents such as the 3rd Red Cross Convention for Prevention of Torture, this issue seems to have been ignored so far. Thus, the current article discusses this issue. Objectives: This review aimed to describe an important, yet neglected, way to protect POWs from torture. Methods: The behaviors of Iraqi and Iranian authorities toward the soldiers that were selected to take care of POWs were compared. This review study is based on a narrative search that included articles published on the Iraq-Iran war (1980-88). Results: According to international laws, there is no ethical justification for the torture of POWs, especially after many years of captivity. During the Iraq-Iran war, Iraqi authorities recruited soldiers who had been harmed in some way by the war to handle Iranian POWs. The presence of war victims as care providers to POWs in detention camps may provide grounds for the torture and maltreatment of POWs. Conclusion: Prohibiting the presence of war victims in detention camps could be one important and effective way to protect POWs from torture and maltreatment.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"72 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91171986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213422.1004
A. Ahmadi, Ameneh Bagheri Ruchi, Nazanin Soltani, Jamileh Amirzadeh Iranagh, S. Motalebi
Background: Many people suffer from burn injuries annually. Epidemiologic studies are necessary to reveal the prevalence and related factors of burns to assist in designing an appropriate plan to reduce its mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and etiological factors of 1938 burn patients admitted to a burn unit in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This was a retrospective study of medical records of patients admitted to the burn unit of Shahid Rajaee Hospital from March 21, 2014 to March 20, 2016. The collected data included age, gender, percentage of burns, etiology, date of admission, date of discharge, and total burn surface area (TBSA). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the studied variables. Results: The mean age of the 1938 burn patients was 29.08±20.52 years. The results showed that more males (n=1391, 71.8%) than females (n=547, 28.2%) were involved in burn injuries. Fire flame (n=1019, 52.6%) and scald (n=529, 27.3%) were major etiological factors of burns. Adult males (n=458, 23.6%), and preschool boys (n= 407, 21.0%) were at the highest risk for burn through the study period. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 13.34 (SD ±12.40) ranging from 1% to 9%, and burns of less than 20% TBSA represent the large majority of burns (n=1653, 85.3%). Conclusion: This study indicates that the majority of burn injuries were of the fire flame and scald types. Preventive programs targeting the population under higher risk of burns are needed to reduce the burden of burns.
{"title":"Epidemiological Study of 1938 Burn Patients from 2014-2016 in Qazvin, Iran","authors":"A. Ahmadi, Ameneh Bagheri Ruchi, Nazanin Soltani, Jamileh Amirzadeh Iranagh, S. Motalebi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213422.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213422.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many people suffer from burn injuries annually. Epidemiologic studies are necessary to reveal the prevalence and related factors of burns to assist in designing an appropriate plan to reduce its mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and etiological factors of 1938 burn patients admitted to a burn unit in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This was a retrospective study of medical records of patients admitted to the burn unit of Shahid Rajaee Hospital from March 21, 2014 to March 20, 2016. The collected data included age, gender, percentage of burns, etiology, date of admission, date of discharge, and total burn surface area (TBSA). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the studied variables. Results: The mean age of the 1938 burn patients was 29.08±20.52 years. The results showed that more males (n=1391, 71.8%) than females (n=547, 28.2%) were involved in burn injuries. Fire flame (n=1019, 52.6%) and scald (n=529, 27.3%) were major etiological factors of burns. Adult males (n=458, 23.6%), and preschool boys (n= 407, 21.0%) were at the highest risk for burn through the study period. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 13.34 (SD ±12.40) ranging from 1% to 9%, and burns of less than 20% TBSA represent the large majority of burns (n=1653, 85.3%). Conclusion: This study indicates that the majority of burn injuries were of the fire flame and scald types. Preventive programs targeting the population under higher risk of burns are needed to reduce the burden of burns.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"15 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81764001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213574.1022
M. Peyravi, M. Marzaleh, Hojatolah Najafi
Background: Arbaeen is one of the world’s largest religious gatherings. It is held in Karbala, Iraq, and can pose many significant challenges to the health of pilgrims and the host population as well as the health system of Iraq. Objectives: The present study was conducted to reflect an overview of the health-related challenges associated with the Arbaeen ceremonies. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from October 6 (ten days before Arbaeen ceremonies) to October 16, 2019, in Najaf, Karbala, and the route pilgrims walk in Iraq. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with disaster and emergency specialists, health experts, nurses, general physicians, and specialist doctors. Twelve experts and six pilgrims were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings were categorized into three main groups: treatment issues, public health, and infrastructure. The main complaints pilgrims had were bone and joint pain, muscle spasms, headache, toothache, pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and common cold, purulent throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The main problems of those with chronic conditions included having forgotten to take medications or running out of medications. Food and water safety and sanitary conditions were inappropriate. Iraq’s health system was not prepared to fulfill the health needs of the people at such a gathering. Conclusion: Arbaeen ceremonies impose a heavy burden on Iraq’s healthcare system and cause numerous health challenges. Moreover, Iraq’s healthcare system does not have the capacity or readiness to meet the challenges of this event; international aid from the countries whose citizens attend the event are needed. Although the Iranian Red Crescent cooperated extensively, the collaboration must be more coordinated and broadened.
{"title":"An Overview of Health-Related Challenges in a Mass Gathering","authors":"M. Peyravi, M. Marzaleh, Hojatolah Najafi","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213574.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213574.1022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arbaeen is one of the world’s largest religious gatherings. It is held in Karbala, Iraq, and can pose many significant challenges to the health of pilgrims and the host population as well as the health system of Iraq. Objectives: The present study was conducted to reflect an overview of the health-related challenges associated with the Arbaeen ceremonies. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from October 6 (ten days before Arbaeen ceremonies) to October 16, 2019, in Najaf, Karbala, and the route pilgrims walk in Iraq. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with disaster and emergency specialists, health experts, nurses, general physicians, and specialist doctors. Twelve experts and six pilgrims were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings were categorized into three main groups: treatment issues, public health, and infrastructure. The main complaints pilgrims had were bone and joint pain, muscle spasms, headache, toothache, pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and common cold, purulent throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The main problems of those with chronic conditions included having forgotten to take medications or running out of medications. Food and water safety and sanitary conditions were inappropriate. Iraq’s health system was not prepared to fulfill the health needs of the people at such a gathering. Conclusion: Arbaeen ceremonies impose a heavy burden on Iraq’s healthcare system and cause numerous health challenges. Moreover, Iraq’s healthcare system does not have the capacity or readiness to meet the challenges of this event; international aid from the countries whose citizens attend the event are needed. Although the Iranian Red Crescent cooperated extensively, the collaboration must be more coordinated and broadened.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"19 1","pages":"78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79833836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30491/TM.2020.213517.1014
M. Ghorbanzadeh, H. Mahmoudi, M. S. Nir, M. Khoshnevis
Background: Communication increases awareness of patient problems, productivity and job satisfaction, improving decision-making in patient discharge and transfer, and reducing hospital stay duration, medical costs, and nurses’ stress and burnout. Objectives: This study aimed to audit the communication of nurses with trauma patients in the emergency department. Methods: This quasi‑experimental study was conducted at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable checklist for nurses' communication skills with trauma patients with 3 subscales and 31 items. Before the intervention, 35 nurses who were randomly selected were evaluated based on the communication checklist, and then the collected data was analyzed. Based on the results and the assessment of weaknesses, the necessary training was provided to the nurses. After the intervention, the participants' communication skills were analyzed using the same checklist and the results were compared. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests such as paired T-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The means age of participants was 39.5±9.3 years, and the majority of them were males.The mean scores of communication status before and after intervention were (10.00±3.29) and (26.26±2.30), respectively, among the 35 participating nurses. There was a significant difference between pre-and post-intervention (p <0/001) in terms of total communication skills scores, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion: The audit of nurses' communications with patients in the emergency department as well as training based on the improvement of weaknesses may be effective in improving nurses’ communication skills, and this may promote the level of communication skills, behavioral changes, and positive effects on the clinical situation of trauma patients.
{"title":"Does Caring for Trauma Patients Admitted to Emergency Departments Need Advanced Communication Skills? A Quasi-Experimental Study of Nurses' Communication Audit","authors":"M. Ghorbanzadeh, H. Mahmoudi, M. S. Nir, M. Khoshnevis","doi":"10.30491/TM.2020.213517.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/TM.2020.213517.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Communication increases awareness of patient problems, productivity and job satisfaction, improving decision-making in patient discharge and transfer, and reducing hospital stay duration, medical costs, and nurses’ stress and burnout. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to audit the communication of nurses with trauma patients in the emergency department. \u0000Methods: This quasi‑experimental study was conducted at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable checklist for nurses' communication skills with trauma patients with 3 subscales and 31 items. Before the intervention, 35 nurses who were randomly selected were evaluated based on the communication checklist, and then the collected data was analyzed. Based on the results and the assessment of weaknesses, the necessary training was provided to the nurses. After the intervention, the participants' communication skills were analyzed using the same checklist and the results were compared. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests such as paired T-test were used to analyze the data. \u0000Results: The means age of participants was 39.5±9.3 years, and the majority of them were males.The mean scores of communication status before and after intervention were (10.00±3.29) and (26.26±2.30), respectively, among the 35 participating nurses. There was a significant difference between pre-and post-intervention (p <0/001) in terms of total communication skills scores, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. \u0000Conclusion: The audit of nurses' communications with patients in the emergency department as well as training based on the improvement of weaknesses may be effective in improving nurses’ communication skills, and this may promote the level of communication skills, behavioral changes, and positive effects on the clinical situation of trauma patients.","PeriodicalId":23249,"journal":{"name":"Trauma monthly","volume":"5 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90209824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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