Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2222982
M. Georgieva, D. Lazarova, M. Petrova, E. Dobreva
ABSTRACT Electroless metallisation is a modern method for obtaining thin layers of metals and their alloys on various dielectric materials, which are increasingly used in various industries. One of the important stages in the pretreatment of the polymers for the chemical processes is the etching operation. It ensures surface roughening of the dielectric materials in order to improve the adhesion strength between the electroless deposited metal coating and the acrylonitrile–butadiene-styrene (ABS) substrate. Most often, this operation in practice is carried out in a chromic-sulphuric acid solution. In this work, investigations are carried out aiming to replace the harmful high chromium solution with an environmentally friendly one. A suitable environmentally friendly etching solution is proposed, with an optimal composition of the solution and working conditions. It can be used in the pretreatment of the ABS substrate for the subsequent deposition of copper or nickel coatings from the corresponding solutions with and without a reducer.
{"title":"Selection of a suitable environmentally friendly (non-toxic) etching solution in the electroless metallisation of ABS polymers","authors":"M. Georgieva, D. Lazarova, M. Petrova, E. Dobreva","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2222982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2222982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electroless metallisation is a modern method for obtaining thin layers of metals and their alloys on various dielectric materials, which are increasingly used in various industries. One of the important stages in the pretreatment of the polymers for the chemical processes is the etching operation. It ensures surface roughening of the dielectric materials in order to improve the adhesion strength between the electroless deposited metal coating and the acrylonitrile–butadiene-styrene (ABS) substrate. Most often, this operation in practice is carried out in a chromic-sulphuric acid solution. In this work, investigations are carried out aiming to replace the harmful high chromium solution with an environmentally friendly one. A suitable environmentally friendly etching solution is proposed, with an optimal composition of the solution and working conditions. It can be used in the pretreatment of the ABS substrate for the subsequent deposition of copper or nickel coatings from the corresponding solutions with and without a reducer.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82071842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2223052
S. Mokhtara, M. Zidani, M. M. Alim, S. Mechachti, S. Messaoudi, L. Mebarki
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological properties of a hard chromium electroplated layer plasma nitrided in a pure nitrogen atmosphere at three different nitrogen pressures: 3.5, 4 and 5 Torr for 90 minutes at 600°C. The results showed that after plasma nitriding at 4 and 5 Torr, a well-defined Cr2N layer with a rough and porous morphology was created and the micro-cracks in the hard chromium electroplated layer were almost filled with chromium nitrides. They also showed that increasing the nitrogen pressure from 3.5 to 4 Torr resulted in a significant increase in wear resistance.
{"title":"Effect of nitriding nitrogen pressure on the structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological properties of plasma nitrided hard chromium electroplated layer","authors":"S. Mokhtara, M. Zidani, M. M. Alim, S. Mechachti, S. Messaoudi, L. Mebarki","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2223052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2223052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological properties of a hard chromium electroplated layer plasma nitrided in a pure nitrogen atmosphere at three different nitrogen pressures: 3.5, 4 and 5 Torr for 90 minutes at 600°C. The results showed that after plasma nitriding at 4 and 5 Torr, a well-defined Cr2N layer with a rough and porous morphology was created and the micro-cracks in the hard chromium electroplated layer were almost filled with chromium nitrides. They also showed that increasing the nitrogen pressure from 3.5 to 4 Torr resulted in a significant increase in wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82899788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2223835
Shin Dong-Ho, Kim Seong‐Jong
ABSTRACT A diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was deposited on the surface of 316L stainless steel using the arc ion plating (AIP) method to improve the life and efficiency of the metallic bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The electrochemical characteristics and damage behaviour were investigated in an accelerating solution simulating the PEMFCs operation environment. A result of the experiment showed the corrosion current density of all specimens with DLC coatings was lower than that of the base metal. However, when the thickness of the DLC coating was 0.3 and 0.5 μm, the corrosion resistance was lower than that of the base metal. This is thought to be because defects on the coating surface result in crevice corrosion of the gap between the coating layer and the intermediate layer or between the coating layer and the base metal, further accelerating corrosion.
{"title":"Electrochemical characteristics and damage behaviour of DLC-coated 316L stainless steel for metallic bipolar plates of PEMFCs","authors":"Shin Dong-Ho, Kim Seong‐Jong","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2223835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2223835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was deposited on the surface of 316L stainless steel using the arc ion plating (AIP) method to improve the life and efficiency of the metallic bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The electrochemical characteristics and damage behaviour were investigated in an accelerating solution simulating the PEMFCs operation environment. A result of the experiment showed the corrosion current density of all specimens with DLC coatings was lower than that of the base metal. However, when the thickness of the DLC coating was 0.3 and 0.5 μm, the corrosion resistance was lower than that of the base metal. This is thought to be because defects on the coating surface result in crevice corrosion of the gap between the coating layer and the intermediate layer or between the coating layer and the base metal, further accelerating corrosion.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2222512
C. Panagopoulos, E. Georgiou, G. D. Plainakis
ABSTRACT This work focuses on the oxidation behaviour of Ni-W electrodeposited coated copper, containing approximately 40 and 50 wt.% tungsten and having a thickness of about 15 µm. The oxidation kinetics of these materials were evaluated by performing isothermal oxidation tests in air, at different temperatures (from 550 up to 850°C) and for different durations (20 min up to 2 h). From the experimental curves of weight gain versus time, a parabolic oxidation pattern was obtained under the selected conditions and the oxidation rates were calculated and compared. The experimental results clearly indicate that the addition of tungsten resulted in a significant degradation of the oxidation resistance of the nickel matrix. Post X-ray diffraction analysis of the oxidised surfaces showed that the oxide film was composed of NiO, WO2, WO3, W3O8, NiWO4 and CuO (due to oxidation of the substrate). In addition, grain growth phenomena took place, as the amorphous structure shifted towards nanocrystalline and microcrystalline, which is indicated by the crystalline Ni peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns.
{"title":"Thermal oxidation of Ni – 40 wt.% W and Ni – 50 wt.% W coated copper","authors":"C. Panagopoulos, E. Georgiou, G. D. Plainakis","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2222512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2222512","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work focuses on the oxidation behaviour of Ni-W electrodeposited coated copper, containing approximately 40 and 50 wt.% tungsten and having a thickness of about 15 µm. The oxidation kinetics of these materials were evaluated by performing isothermal oxidation tests in air, at different temperatures (from 550 up to 850°C) and for different durations (20 min up to 2 h). From the experimental curves of weight gain versus time, a parabolic oxidation pattern was obtained under the selected conditions and the oxidation rates were calculated and compared. The experimental results clearly indicate that the addition of tungsten resulted in a significant degradation of the oxidation resistance of the nickel matrix. Post X-ray diffraction analysis of the oxidised surfaces showed that the oxide film was composed of NiO, WO2, WO3, W3O8, NiWO4 and CuO (due to oxidation of the substrate). In addition, grain growth phenomena took place, as the amorphous structure shifted towards nanocrystalline and microcrystalline, which is indicated by the crystalline Ni peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89313737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2222511
Yang Li, G. Kong, Chunshan Che, Delin Lai
ABSTRACT In this paper, the growth process and mechanism of hot-dip galvanised Zn–5Al coating on steel at different bath temperatures and immersion times were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result shows that the growth of Zn–5Al coating is approximately divided into three stages: initial incubation stage, rapid thickening stage and steady detaching stage. The thickening and outbreak of the intermetallic layer is responsible for the thickening of the coating. When immersed into the Zn–Al bath, an Fe–Al intermetallic layer forms on the interface of liquid and steel and prevents the coating growing at the initial time; with the immersion time increasing, the solid-soluble Zn in the Fe–Al intermetallic layer makes the intermetallic layer unstable, the liquid Zn is discharged outward from the intermetallic layer and many pores and cracks occur, making the coating growth enter the rapid thickening stage. As the liquid phase areas keep expanding, the intermetallic layer will start to detach outward and produce a large amount of dross, the coating with linear growth finally enters the steady detaching stage. Increasing the immersion temperature will accelerate the growing rate of the coating and shorten the initial incubation stage of the coating.
{"title":"Growth process and mechanism of hot-dip galvanised Zn–5Al coating on steel","authors":"Yang Li, G. Kong, Chunshan Che, Delin Lai","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2222511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2222511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, the growth process and mechanism of hot-dip galvanised Zn–5Al coating on steel at different bath temperatures and immersion times were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result shows that the growth of Zn–5Al coating is approximately divided into three stages: initial incubation stage, rapid thickening stage and steady detaching stage. The thickening and outbreak of the intermetallic layer is responsible for the thickening of the coating. When immersed into the Zn–Al bath, an Fe–Al intermetallic layer forms on the interface of liquid and steel and prevents the coating growing at the initial time; with the immersion time increasing, the solid-soluble Zn in the Fe–Al intermetallic layer makes the intermetallic layer unstable, the liquid Zn is discharged outward from the intermetallic layer and many pores and cracks occur, making the coating growth enter the rapid thickening stage. As the liquid phase areas keep expanding, the intermetallic layer will start to detach outward and produce a large amount of dross, the coating with linear growth finally enters the steady detaching stage. Increasing the immersion temperature will accelerate the growing rate of the coating and shorten the initial incubation stage of the coating.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74533326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2222510
Hoseong Heo, Seong-Jong Kim
ABSTRACT In this research, CrN coating was applied to grade 1 titanium as a bipolar plate for PEMFC. The CrN was deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and the arc ion plating method (AIP). The thickness of the coating layer was about 2.5∼3 μm and it was densely deposited on the titanium substrate. The electrochemical experiments were conducted in an aqueous solution of pH 3 (H2SO4 + 0.1 ppm HF, 80°C) determined by DoE. Hydrogen gas and air were bubbled to simulate the anode and cathode environments, respectively. Various analyses (XRD, EDS, FE-SEM), electrochemical experiments (EIS, potentiodynamic polarisation, potentiostatic experiment), and interfacial contact resistance measurement were performed to evaluate the effects of the PVD deposition method. Due to the difference in the PVD method, CrN and Cr2N were formed in the IBAD specimen, whereas CrN phase was observed in the AIP specimen. The CrN coated specimens presented improved interfacial contact resistance compared to the titanium substrate.
{"title":"Effects of PVD deposition method on electrochemical properties and interfacial contact resistance of CrN coated titanium as PEMFC bipolar plate","authors":"Hoseong Heo, Seong-Jong Kim","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2222510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2222510","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this research, CrN coating was applied to grade 1 titanium as a bipolar plate for PEMFC. The CrN was deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and the arc ion plating method (AIP). The thickness of the coating layer was about 2.5∼3 μm and it was densely deposited on the titanium substrate. The electrochemical experiments were conducted in an aqueous solution of pH 3 (H2SO4 + 0.1 ppm HF, 80°C) determined by DoE. Hydrogen gas and air were bubbled to simulate the anode and cathode environments, respectively. Various analyses (XRD, EDS, FE-SEM), electrochemical experiments (EIS, potentiodynamic polarisation, potentiostatic experiment), and interfacial contact resistance measurement were performed to evaluate the effects of the PVD deposition method. Due to the difference in the PVD method, CrN and Cr2N were formed in the IBAD specimen, whereas CrN phase was observed in the AIP specimen. The CrN coated specimens presented improved interfacial contact resistance compared to the titanium substrate.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80817666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2208438
S. H. Mohitfar, M. Etminanfar, S. Mahdavi, J. Khalil-Allafi
ABSTRACT Hard anodic coatings were formed on 6061-T6 aluminium alloy samples using direct current. Surface morphology and cross-section of coatings, as well as their hardness and corrosion behaviour, were studied. It was found that decreasing the applied current density from 55 to 35 mA cm−2 resulted in more uniform coatings with fewer surface defects, lower porosity, and higher hardness values. The optimum electrolyte concentration and hard-anodising time, where less defective coatings were achieved, were found to be 180 g L−1 and 50 min, respectively. The hardness of the optimum film was around 500 HV, and its corrosion current density was 3.2 × 10−9A cm−2. All other samples that were produced at different current densities (30-55 mA cm−2), times (40-100 min), and electrolyte concentrations (25-220 g L−1) had lower hardness and corrosion resistance than the optimum coating. The polarisation resistance of the optimum coating was about 1100 times higher than the bare substrate.
摘要:采用直流电在6061-T6铝合金表面形成硬质阳极镀层。研究了涂层的表面形貌、截面、硬度和腐蚀性能。结果表明，将外加电流密度从55 mA cm−2降低到35 mA cm−2，镀层更均匀，表面缺陷更少，孔隙率更低，硬度值更高。最佳的电解液浓度和硬阳极氧化时间分别为180 g L−1和50 min，从而减少了涂层的缺陷。最佳腐蚀膜的硬度在500 HV左右，腐蚀电流密度为3.2 × 10−9A cm−2。在不同电流密度(30-55 mA cm−2)、时间(40-100 min)和电解质浓度(25-220 g L−1)下制备的所有其他样品的硬度和耐腐蚀性都低于最佳涂层。该涂层的抗极化性能约为裸基材的1100倍。
{"title":"Characteristics and corrosion resistance of hard-anodised 6061-T6 aluminium alloy","authors":"S. H. Mohitfar, M. Etminanfar, S. Mahdavi, J. Khalil-Allafi","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2208438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2208438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hard anodic coatings were formed on 6061-T6 aluminium alloy samples using direct current. Surface morphology and cross-section of coatings, as well as their hardness and corrosion behaviour, were studied. It was found that decreasing the applied current density from 55 to 35 mA cm−2 resulted in more uniform coatings with fewer surface defects, lower porosity, and higher hardness values. The optimum electrolyte concentration and hard-anodising time, where less defective coatings were achieved, were found to be 180 g L−1 and 50 min, respectively. The hardness of the optimum film was around 500 HV, and its corrosion current density was 3.2 × 10−9A cm−2. All other samples that were produced at different current densities (30-55 mA cm−2), times (40-100 min), and electrolyte concentrations (25-220 g L−1) had lower hardness and corrosion resistance than the optimum coating. The polarisation resistance of the optimum coating was about 1100 times higher than the bare substrate.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80041719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2225305
Brenda Peters
This is a very comprehensive book extending to nearly 800 pages. It is the third volume in a series co-written by the authors and follows on from the original two volumes on advanced surface technology. It is well laid out with sections of text interspersed with diagrams and photographs making it easy to read. It is a text book for corrosion engineers and scientists studying to PhD level and would be useful for scientists and engineers to use as a reference manual. The list of contents at the beginning make it easy to navigate through the book to find sections of specific interest. Chapter headings include:
{"title":"Corrosion - theory and practice","authors":"Brenda Peters","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2225305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2225305","url":null,"abstract":"This is a very comprehensive book extending to nearly 800 pages. It is the third volume in a series co-written by the authors and follows on from the original two volumes on advanced surface technology. It is well laid out with sections of text interspersed with diagrams and photographs making it easy to read. It is a text book for corrosion engineers and scientists studying to PhD level and would be useful for scientists and engineers to use as a reference manual. The list of contents at the beginning make it easy to navigate through the book to find sections of specific interest. Chapter headings include:","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87028036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2225921
{"title":"15th International Workshop On Electrodeposited Nanostructures","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2225921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2225921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79316176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2221131
Shengyan Ge, Mengyao Shao, Xingfu Zhou
ABSTRACT In this study, Ce and Mn co-doped SnO2–Sb electrode was prepared onto a Ti/TiO2 nanotubes surface. The nanostructure of the novel electrode was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and specific techniques were used to study the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode. SEM analysis results showed that TiO2 nanotubes could reduce the crack morphology and provide a larger surface area for loading the electrochemically active material. EDS analysis showed that Ce and Mn were doped into the electrode successfully. Under optimised conditions, the electrode prepared with Sn:Sb:Ce:Mn mole ratio of 100:10:3:3 has the best electrocatalytic performance. Ethylene glycol was used as the solvent in cerium-manganese co-doped Ti/TiO2–NTs/TiO2–SnO2–Sb electrode. Ce–Mn co-doped TiO2NTs/SnO2–Sb electrode has a high oxygen evolution potential of 1.79 V (vs. SCE) and a lower charge transfer resistance. The decolourisation extent of 30 mg L−1 methylene blue wastewater reaches 98.5% within 30 min. Finally, the main intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and possible pathways for dye degradation were proposed. This study opens a door to the rapid electrochemical decoloursation treatment of wastewater by using an easily obtainable multi-metal co-doped electrode.
{"title":"Optimisation of a Ce–Mn co-doped SnO2–Sb anode based on a nanotubular TiO2 array for electrochemical decolourisation of wastewater","authors":"Shengyan Ge, Mengyao Shao, Xingfu Zhou","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2221131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2221131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 In this study, Ce and Mn co-doped SnO2–Sb electrode was prepared onto a Ti/TiO2 nanotubes surface. The nanostructure of the novel electrode was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and specific techniques were used to study the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode. SEM analysis results showed that TiO2 nanotubes could reduce the crack morphology and provide a larger surface area for loading the electrochemically active material. EDS analysis showed that Ce and Mn were doped into the electrode successfully. Under optimised conditions, the electrode prepared with Sn:Sb:Ce:Mn mole ratio of 100:10:3:3 has the best electrocatalytic performance. Ethylene glycol was used as the solvent in cerium-manganese co-doped Ti/TiO2–NTs/TiO2–SnO2–Sb electrode. Ce–Mn co-doped TiO2NTs/SnO2–Sb electrode has a high oxygen evolution potential of 1.79 V (vs. SCE) and a lower charge transfer resistance. The decolourisation extent of 30 mg L−1 methylene blue wastewater reaches 98.5% within 30 min. Finally, the main intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and possible pathways for dye degradation were proposed. This study opens a door to the rapid electrochemical decoloursation treatment of wastewater by using an easily obtainable multi-metal co-doped electrode.","PeriodicalId":23251,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the IMF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72766862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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