Background: Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a plant introduced to Mexico since colonial times, currently it is found as a crop in backyard orchards in the central mountainous region of Veracruz. Due to its nutraceutical properties, its cultivation is gaining importance worldwide and spreading. However, since there are no established formal crops in Mexico, there are no studies on the pests that may affect the development of this plant. Objective: To identify the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizospheric soil and root, as well as the determine their abundance in tree tomato plants, located in the Tlacolulan and Xalapa municipalities, in Veracruz state. Methodology: The nematodes were extracted from the soil and roots, fixed, clarified, mounted for identification at the genus level, and quantified. Results: 704 specimens belonging to 14 genera were identified: Criconema, Criconemoides, Filenchus, Fraglenchus, Gracilacus, Helicotylenchus, Malenchus, Meloidogyne, Ogma, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pratylenchoides, Sakia, and Thada. The most abundant nematodes were Helicotylenchus and Meloidogyne. Implications: Since in five samples we found Meloidogyne individuals, a diagnosis must be made prior to the establishment of new crops to avoid the increase in populations that can affect the performance of the plants. Conclusion: Criconema, Filenchus, Fraglenchus, Malenchus, Ogma, Pratylenchoides, Sakia, and Thada are recorded for the first time associated with this plant.
Background: There are over 1,500,000 species of mushrooms worldwide and approximately 20,000 of them are present in Mexico where native cultures use some species of wild mushrooms for different purposes. Among those mushroom species approximately 200 are edible, the genus Pleurotus spp the second most produced and consumed on the American continent. The production of Pleurotus spp. have had rapid development in the food industry, due to their nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, ease of growth and adaptation to the diversity of organic substrates on wich they can grow. Other edible mushrooms, such as Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), have also been used for their nutraceutical properties. Objective: The present work provides a general and updated overview of the advances in the use of the secondary metabolites of edible macromycetes and their by-products for the control of parasites in the agricultural sector. The methodological strategy used was a detailed bibliographic review in different sources such as PubMed for the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ResearchGate, Scopus, Science direct, among others. Main findings: The review process showed that nine species of edible mushrooms exhibited in vitro nematicidal activity against parasitic nematodes of plants (Nacobbus
Background. Determining carbon in forest ecosystems is essential to estimate its influence on climate change mitigation. This study aimed to determine the carbon stored in the vegetation and soil of the Protected Natural Area of the "La Purísima" Dam and its influence zone in Guanajuato, Mexico. Methodology. The study area was classified according to its tree density as high, medium, low, and grassland. In each sampling site, tree species were identified, and total height and normal diameter were measured. In the shrub layer, crown diameter and height were measured. Species biomass was estimated using documented allometric equations, except for Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) generated in this study. In the herbaceous layer, the percentage of coverage in the sites was considered, for which eight random samples of 0.25 m2 were taken. Carbon estimation stored in MgC ha-1 was obtained by multiplying the biomass by the factor 0.5. Carbon was measured in the soil by extracting 12 random samples at a depth of 20 cm. Results. In the 263.3 ha of the studied area, 16,627.7 MgC were estimated. The soil contributed 71.21%, the tree layer 24.6%, the shrub 1.86%, grass 0.75 and the herbaceous layer 1.57%. Implications. Even the species that develop in low deciduous forests have a reduced photosynthetic capacity; they significantly contribute to carbon stores. Conclusions. The difference in carbon storage varies according to the densities of the wood species; high densities have a greater amount of stored carbon in the aerial stratum and the soil. The carbon contributed by the grassland was barely perceptible.
Background. As a result of the global trend to produce healthier foods, natural bioactive additives have been included in animal feed, such as different secondary metabolites of plant origin, which are used to improve productive performance and influence the growth and health of animals. animals. Objective. Feed criollo hens with kitchen and greengrocery waste plus vegetable additives to evaluate their effect on the productive, carcass, and meat characteristics. Methodology. Creole chickens were fed with kitchen waste and greengrocery plus vegetable additives which were garlic, holy grass or epazote. The variables evaluated were weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion; hot and cold carcass performance, pH; temperature; skin and meat color, water holding capacity and drip water loss. A completely randomized experiment with four treatments was carried out. Analysis of variance and comparison of means with Tukey test were used. Results. There were differences (P<0.05) in weight gain, feed conversion, temperature at 24 h; Skin and meat color presented high luminosity with a low yellow hue. Implications. It is possible to produce healthier meat from hens fed with natural additives, obtaining satisfactory productive and carcass results. Conclusions. Including vegetable additives in the diet of Creole hens fed traditionally improves the productive parameters and quality of the meat, without affecting the quality of the carcass.
Background: Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops in Bangladesh. Combine application of Rhizobium inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer could be an important factor to get maximum yield and quality of soybean. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Bradyrhizobium inoculum and levels of phosphorus on yield and quality of soybean varieties. Methodology: The experiment evaluated three factors namely, varieties, Bradyrhizobium inoculum and phosphorus levels. The three varieties were: i) Binasoybean-1 ii) Binasoybean-2 and iii) BARI Soybean-6. Bradyrhizobium inoculum levels were: i) control (no inoculum), ii) 50% of recommended dose (RD) (25 g kg-1 seed) iii) 100% of RD (50 g kg-1 seed). The phosphorus levels were: i) control (no phosphorus) ii) 50% of RD (18 kg ha-1), iii) 100% of RD (36 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on yield, yield contributing characters and quality parameters of seeds. Results: Binasoybean-1 performed superiorly in terms of all the yield and yield contributing characters. Application of 100% of RD of Bradyrhizobium inoculum and application of 100% of RD of phosphorus also showed superior performance. Considering the interaction effect, the findings of the study indicate that Binasoybean-1 responded well to the application of 100% of RD of phosphorus and 100% of RD of Bradyrhizobium and gave maximum seed yield. The highest protein content (39.21%) was found in Binasoybean-2, 50% of RD of phosphorus with no Bradyrhizobium inoculum and the highest oil content was found (19.33%) in Binasoybean-2, no phosphorus and 50% of RD of Bradyrhizobium inoculum. Implication: Binasoybean-1 with the application of 100% of RD of phosphorus and 100% of RD of Bradyrhizobium might be recommended to obtain higher yield soybean in Bangladesh. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that recommended dose of phosphorus and Bradyrhizobium is beneficial for a higher yield of Binasoybean-1.
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