Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems最新文献

Background. Vanilla planifolia is a species of commercial and cultural importance. However, its growth and development could be affected by the increase in temperature caused by climate change. In contrast, V. pompona and V. insignis are wild species with potential use as aromatic species and they show greater tolerance to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Objective. To determine the effect of temperature on the development of roots and shoots of V. planifolia, V. pompona and V. insignis under controlled conditions. Methodology. Cuttings of approximately 20 cm with two nodes were grown at 25, 32, 35 and 38 °C under controlled conditions, with a relative humidity of 100%, for six weeks. To evaluate cutting development, the number of roots produced was recorded, as well their length, their growth rate and their diameter. Likewise, the number of shoots generated, their length, growth rate and diameter were also counted. The experimental design was completely random, and the data were analyzed using Tukey post hoc analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Results. The increase in temperature affected the promotion and root growth in V. planifolia, which showed the greatest length at 25 °C (20.64 ± 0.26 cm) and the lowest value at 35 °C (1.22 ± 0.49 cm), contrary to V. insignis, where the increase in temperature at 35 °C favored root elongation (4.76 ± 0.07 cm), while the lowest growth was observed at 25 °C (1.74 ± 0.13 cm). V. pompona did not present significant differences in root growth at the three temperatures evaluated. Similarly, the increase in temperature showed a distinct influence on the promotion and growth of the shoot. V. planifolia only produced shoots at 32 °C (8.4 ± 0.4 cm) and V. pompona generated them at 32 and 35 °C, being those of greater length at 35 °C (3.3±0.13 cm) and did not produce at 25 °C; while V. insignis showed the highest shoot growth at 25 °C (7.22 ± 0.2 cm) and the lowest at 32 °C (6.56 ± 0.12). At 38 °C, 100% mortality was observed in the three species. Implications. The growth of roots and shoots of V. planifolia are affected by an increase in temperature above 32 °C, therefore, conservation and genetic improvement programs are needed that could start from the qualities that V. pompona and V. insignis showed. Conclusion. Temperature ranges between 25 and 35 °C have a differential effect on the promotion and growth of roots and shoots for the species V. planifolia, V. insignis and V. pompona.

Background. Different species of thrips are listed as important pests in berries. They cause damage to leaves, flowers and fruits, which cause poor development and deformation of the berry, and loss of production; some species are associated with plant pathogens transmission. Objectives. To determine the species of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with blackberry and blueberry and their seasonal abundance, in the producing region of Los Reyes, Michoacán, Mexico and to determine the most attractive sticky trap color to collect thrips. Methodology. The thrips were captured monthly through direct collection on the plants, and with sticky traps (yellow and blue), from April 2021 to August 2022. Results. 1,615 specimens were obtained, all from Thripidae family, belonging to four genera and six species. Frankliniella and Scirtothrips were the most abundant genera and accounted 96% of the material collected. F. occidentalis was most abundant in blackberry var. Laurita and Elvira, and S. dorsalis in blackberry var. Dasha and blueberry var. Arana. F. bruneri and F. minuta and Plesiothrips ayarsi were first recorded as occasional species, and Neohydatothrips gracilipes as frequent in blackberry var. Dasha and Laurita. The sticky yellow traps caught more thrips. The greater abundance coincided with periods of sprouting and flowering of both crops. Implications. The determination of thrips species that damage berries cultivation and their population fluctuation are fundamental for the implementation of an integrated management program. Conclusions. These results enrich the information of the Mexican fauna of Thysanoptera in berries, as well as the attraction to the color of certain traps and seasonal abundance.

Background: Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum (BM; black mistletoe) and Arceuthobium globosum subsp. grandicaule (YM; yellow mistletoe), are two parasitic plant species abundant in the forests of northern and central Mexico and Central America, affect 43% of the P. hartwegii tree population in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA), including mistletoe as a complementary feed in sheep can reduce the environmental impact generated by these pests to the forest and also reduce the purchase of feed for livestock. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, phenolic content and in vitro fermentation kinetics of two mistletoe species (M) Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum (BM; black mistletoe) and A. globosum subsp. grandicaule (YM; yellow mistletoe), in four age categories (AC) of Pinus hartwegii (AC: small sapling, large sapling, juvenile and adult) collected in the Nevado de Toluca Flora and Fauna Protection Area (NTFFPA). Methodology: The chemical composition (dry matter DM; neutral detergent fiber NDF; acid detergent fiber ADF and crude protein CP), phenolic content (total phenols TP; total tannins TT and condensed tannins, CT), in vitro fermentation kinetics parameters and in vitro digestibility were analysed. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with 2x4 factorial arrangement. Results: DM content was different between M (P< 0.05), the highest was found in BM. The NDF and ADF content was different between M, ranging from 364.45-467.43 g/kg DM. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in CP which averaged 62.08 g/kg DM. The TP, TT and CT content was different between M (P<0.05), the highest content was in YM with no effect observed in AC. B-gas production (mL of gas) presented differences between M and AC sampled (P<0.05). The gas production rate c on average was 0.042. Lag time was different between M (P<0.05). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were different between M (P<0.05). Implications: The results reported here serve as a tool for decision making on its possible inclusion as a forage addition to a diet in sheep feeding. Conclusions: The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility was different between M and the AC, contain secondary metabolites such as total phenols and condensed tannins and have an impact on in vitro fermentation.