José Luis Landa-Ochoa, F. Gallardo-López, E. Escamilla-Prado, C. R. Cerdán-Cabrera, G. Ortiz-Ceballos
Background. In order to achieve food security and sustainability in society, current research focused on the evaluation of socio-ecological resilience (SER) of agroecosystems (AES), applies various methodological frameworks to address challenges arising from climate change and the deterioration of natural resources. Objective. To review the state of the art on the concept of socio-ecological resilience to identify and analyze the methodological frameworks, attributes, indicators, and indices applied to measure the degree of resilience currently presented in various AES models. Methodology. Publications from 1998 to 2022 were reviewed from the Dialnet, SciELO, Redalyc databases, and the Google Scholar search engine. 62 publications were selected that included the term socio-ecological resilience associated with the words "definition," "concept," "agroecosystem," and "indicators." The criteria considered were the presence or absence of the concept, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator, as well as clarity and precision. The documents were analyzed with Nvivo 12 Pro software, applying the word frequency analysis technique. Main Results. Colombia (18), Mexico (14), the United States (7), and Sweden (5) stand out with the highest number of publications, respectively and the authors Holling (19%) as the main driver of ecological resilience, Folke (16%) emphasized the importance of SER research, Gunderson (10%) pioneered resilience in socio-ecological systems, while Berkes (9.5%) and Walker (9%) excelled in applied SER research. Methodological frameworks that attempted to operationalize the concept were the framework for assessing the management of natural resource systems incorporating sustainability indicators (MESMIS), the resilience approach, the holistic risk index (HRI), and the methodology for assessing socio-ecological resilience (MERS). Furthermore, eight publications that mentioned the term socio-ecological resilience identified its main attributes as external disturbance (21.1%), adaptive capacity (18.4%), self-organization capacity (18.4%), stability domain or attraction (15.8%), and resistance (5.3%). It was also revealed that the most suitable indicators for measuring socio-ecological resilience are dependence on external inputs, organic certification, the presence of drought-tolerant species, vulnerability to extreme climatic events, agrobiodiversity, and levels of productive organization. Implications. Deriving suitable attributes and indicators to measure the level of socio-ecological resilience will depend on the political, economic, social, ecological context, and the spatial and temporal scale of the study. Conclusion. This review shows evidence on the research efforts carried out by the scientific community to develop methodological frameworks that contribute to assess the SER of the various agricultural production models and particularly, the AES that face greater risks associated with climate change.
背景。为了实现粮食安全和社会的可持续发展，目前的研究重点是评估农业生态系统（AES）的社会生态复原力（SER），应用各种方法框架来应对气候变化和自然资源恶化带来的挑战。目标。回顾社会生态复原力概念的最新进展，确定并分析目前各种农业生态系统模型中用于衡量复原力程度的方法框架、属性、指标和指数。方法。从 Dialnet、SciELO、Redalyc 数据库和谷歌学术搜索引擎中查阅了 1998 年至 2022 年的出版物。选取了 62 篇包含社会生态复原力这一术语，并与 "定义"、"概念"、"农业生态系统 "和 "指标 "相关联的出版物。考虑的标准包括是否存在概念、SCImago 期刊排名（SJR）指标以及清晰度和精确度。采用词频分析技术，使用 Nvivo 12 Pro 软件对文档进行分析。主要结果哥伦比亚（18 篇）、墨西哥（14 篇）、美国（7 篇）和瑞典（5 篇）分别发表了最多的论文，作者霍林（19%）是生态恢复力的主要推动者，福尔克（16%）强调了 SER 研究的重要性，冈德森（10%）开创了社会生态系统恢复力的先河，而伯克斯（9.5%）和沃克（9%）在应用 SER 研究方面表现出色。试图将这一概念付诸实施的方法框架有：纳入可持续性指标的自然资源系统管理评估框架（MESMIS）、复原力方法、整体风险指数（HRI）和社会生态复原力评估方法（MERS）。此外，提及社会生态复原力这一术语的八份出版物将其主要属性确定为外部干扰（21.1%）、适应能力（18.4%）、自组织能力（18.4%）、稳定域或吸引力（15.8%）和抵抗力（5.3%）。研究还显示，最适合衡量社会生态复原力的指标是对外部投入的依赖性、有机认证、耐旱物种的存在、对极端气候事件的脆弱性、农业生物多样性和生产组织水平。影响。得出衡量社会生态复原力水平的适当属性和指标将取决于政治、经济、社会、生态环境以及研究的空间和时间尺度。结论。本综述展示了科学界为开发有助于评估各种农业生产模式 SER 的方法框架而开展的研究工作，特别是面临气候变化带来的更大风险的 AES。
{"title":"RESILIENCIA SOCIOECOLÓGICA: CONCEPTO CLAVE PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD EN AGROECOSISTEMAS","authors":"José Luis Landa-Ochoa, F. Gallardo-López, E. Escamilla-Prado, C. R. Cerdán-Cabrera, G. Ortiz-Ceballos","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4758","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In order to achieve food security and sustainability in society, current research focused on the evaluation of socio-ecological resilience (SER) of agroecosystems (AES), applies various methodological frameworks to address challenges arising from climate change and the deterioration of natural resources. Objective. To review the state of the art on the concept of socio-ecological resilience to identify and analyze the methodological frameworks, attributes, indicators, and indices applied to measure the degree of resilience currently presented in various AES models. Methodology. Publications from 1998 to 2022 were reviewed from the Dialnet, SciELO, Redalyc databases, and the Google Scholar search engine. 62 publications were selected that included the term socio-ecological resilience associated with the words \"definition,\" \"concept,\" \"agroecosystem,\" and \"indicators.\" The criteria considered were the presence or absence of the concept, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator, as well as clarity and precision. The documents were analyzed with Nvivo 12 Pro software, applying the word frequency analysis technique. Main Results. Colombia (18), Mexico (14), the United States (7), and Sweden (5) stand out with the highest number of publications, respectively and the authors Holling (19%) as the main driver of ecological resilience, Folke (16%) emphasized the importance of SER research, Gunderson (10%) pioneered resilience in socio-ecological systems, while Berkes (9.5%) and Walker (9%) excelled in applied SER research. Methodological frameworks that attempted to operationalize the concept were the framework for assessing the management of natural resource systems incorporating sustainability indicators (MESMIS), the resilience approach, the holistic risk index (HRI), and the methodology for assessing socio-ecological resilience (MERS). Furthermore, eight publications that mentioned the term socio-ecological resilience identified its main attributes as external disturbance (21.1%), adaptive capacity (18.4%), self-organization capacity (18.4%), stability domain or attraction (15.8%), and resistance (5.3%). It was also revealed that the most suitable indicators for measuring socio-ecological resilience are dependence on external inputs, organic certification, the presence of drought-tolerant species, vulnerability to extreme climatic events, agrobiodiversity, and levels of productive organization. Implications. Deriving suitable attributes and indicators to measure the level of socio-ecological resilience will depend on the political, economic, social, ecological context, and the spatial and temporal scale of the study. Conclusion. This review shows evidence on the research efforts carried out by the scientific community to develop methodological frameworks that contribute to assess the SER of the various agricultural production models and particularly, the AES that face greater risks associated with climate change.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Luz Castro Garibay, A. V. Monter, Gabriel Alejandro Hernández Nava, Coral Mendoza Ramos, Mercedes Martínez Villagómez, Claudia Reyes Quiroz, Sergio Aranda Ocampo
Background. The vegetative material for in vitro establishment of avocado explants is from the field, for this reason, the proportion of contamination, oxidation and mortality of explants is elevated, therefore we are looking for alternatives to decreased. Objective. To evaluate concentrations of alternative products for disinfestation in avocado explants cv Duke 7, and decrease oxidation with the addition of L-cysteine in the in vitro establishment. Methodology. The products used were: peroxyacetic acid (AP), chlorine dioxide (DC), and quaternary ammonium salts (ACS), in three concentrations. 54 explants were used in each treatment, and placed in culture medium for establishment, evaluating contamination (%) and oxidation (%). Two weeks later, 50% of viable explants from each treatment were immersed in L-cysteine (100 mgL-1) and placed in a culture medium for multiplication, the rest was placed a in multiplication medium containing L-cysteine; only oxidation was evaluated (%). Contaminated explants were isolated, identified, and characterized fungi and bacteria. Results. The best results of the disinfestation were with ACS with 3.7% contamination, without oxidation. Regarding the use of L-cysteine (100 mgL-1), the lowest percentage of oxidation (47%) was obtained when immersed in a cysteine solution. Three genera of fungi were identified: Aspergillus (3), Penicillium (1) and Cladosporium (1), and Agrobacterium as a bacterium. Implications. With the proposed methodology, we can continue with the following stages of in vitro culture, to establish methodologies for budding, growth, and rooting of avocado clonal rootstocks. Conclusions. The use of ACS and cysteine in solution reduces both contamination and oxidation of explants, but it is necessary to modify concentrations and exposure times in the disinfestation protocol, in addition to identifying even the genus the microorganisms found.
{"title":"PRODUCTOS ALTERNATIVOS EN LA DESINFESTACIÓN IN VITRO EN EXPLANTES DE PORTAINJERTO DUKE-7 E IDENTIFICACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS ENDÓFITOS","authors":"Sandra Luz Castro Garibay, A. V. Monter, Gabriel Alejandro Hernández Nava, Coral Mendoza Ramos, Mercedes Martínez Villagómez, Claudia Reyes Quiroz, Sergio Aranda Ocampo","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5005","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The vegetative material for in vitro establishment of avocado explants is from the field, for this reason, the proportion of contamination, oxidation and mortality of explants is elevated, therefore we are looking for alternatives to decreased. Objective. To evaluate concentrations of alternative products for disinfestation in avocado explants cv Duke 7, and decrease oxidation with the addition of L-cysteine in the in vitro establishment. Methodology. The products used were: peroxyacetic acid (AP), chlorine dioxide (DC), and quaternary ammonium salts (ACS), in three concentrations. 54 explants were used in each treatment, and placed in culture medium for establishment, evaluating contamination (%) and oxidation (%). Two weeks later, 50% of viable explants from each treatment were immersed in L-cysteine (100 mgL-1) and placed in a culture medium for multiplication, the rest was placed a in multiplication medium containing L-cysteine; only oxidation was evaluated (%). Contaminated explants were isolated, identified, and characterized fungi and bacteria. Results. The best results of the disinfestation were with ACS with 3.7% contamination, without oxidation. Regarding the use of L-cysteine (100 mgL-1), the lowest percentage of oxidation (47%) was obtained when immersed in a cysteine solution. Three genera of fungi were identified: Aspergillus (3), Penicillium (1) and Cladosporium (1), and Agrobacterium as a bacterium. Implications. With the proposed methodology, we can continue with the following stages of in vitro culture, to establish methodologies for budding, growth, and rooting of avocado clonal rootstocks. Conclusions. The use of ACS and cysteine in solution reduces both contamination and oxidation of explants, but it is necessary to modify concentrations and exposure times in the disinfestation protocol, in addition to identifying even the genus the microorganisms found.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Vázquez-Jiménez, Daniel Vidal-Ramírez, R. Salazar-Cuytun, Ignacio Vázquez-Martínez, Enrique Camacho-Pérez, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, G. Muñoz-Osorio, A. J. Chay Canul
Background. As body weight (BW) is rarely determined on fasted animals in most production systems, the need to develop accurate mathematical models for adjusting BW has been identified. Objective. To evaluate models for estimating shrunk body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW) in Black Belly growing ewe lambs raised in tropical conditions. Methodology. Data of sixty Black Belly ewe lambs, between four to eight months of age with a mean BW of 26.55± 3.92 kg (± SD) were used. The SBW was estimated based on the BW without fasting (fed) and the EBW based on SBW through three models: 1. Linear; 2.-Linear without intercept and 3.- Exponential. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by cross-validation. Results. The correlation coefficients between BW and SBW and SB and EBW were high (r = 0.94; <0.0001). The coefficients of determination (r2) for the equations between BW and SBW were 0.89 (P<0.001); and 0.86 (P<0.001) for the relationship between SBW and EBW. Based on the AIC (26.81) Eq. 2 described the relationship between BW and SBW better than Eq. 1, (AIC = 28.44) and Eq. 3 (AIC =28.35). The final model to estimate SBW as a function of BW was: SBW (kg): 0.96 (±0.001***) × BW. With respect to the SBW and EBW ratio, Equation 5, was better than the linear Eq. 4, (AIC = 33.01) and Eq. 6 (AIC = 33.35). The following model was: EBW (kg): 0.81 (± 0.06***) × SBW. The cross-validation of the equation of the relationship between BW and SBW showed that Eq. 1 had a higher r2 (0.87), and lower RMSEP and MAE than Eq. 2 and Eq. 3. Also, the equation of the relationship between SBW and EBW the cross-validation revealed that Eqs. 4 and 6 had the higher r2 (0.82), and lower RMSEP and MAE and tended to be more accurate than Eq. 5. Implications. The results obtained in present study contributes to the development of mathematical models for more accurate body weight adjustments in tropical sheep. Conclusion. The equations developed and evaluated in the present study revealed that the linear relationship between BW and SBW, and the linear and exponential relationship between SBW and EBW can be used to body weight adjustments in growing Black Belly ewe lambs. It's worth noting that this confirms that the SBW can be calculated using an adjustment factor of 0.96 FBW.
{"title":"EQUATIONS FOR BODY WEIGHT ADJUSTMENTS IN BLACK BELLY EWE LAMBS","authors":"Samuel Vázquez-Jiménez, Daniel Vidal-Ramírez, R. Salazar-Cuytun, Ignacio Vázquez-Martínez, Enrique Camacho-Pérez, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, G. Muñoz-Osorio, A. J. Chay Canul","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5054","url":null,"abstract":"Background. As body weight (BW) is rarely determined on fasted animals in most production systems, the need to develop accurate mathematical models for adjusting BW has been identified. Objective. To evaluate models for estimating shrunk body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW) in Black Belly growing ewe lambs raised in tropical conditions. Methodology. Data of sixty Black Belly ewe lambs, between four to eight months of age with a mean BW of 26.55± 3.92 kg (± SD) were used. The SBW was estimated based on the BW without fasting (fed) and the EBW based on SBW through three models: 1. Linear; 2.-Linear without intercept and 3.- Exponential. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by cross-validation. Results. The correlation coefficients between BW and SBW and SB and EBW were high (r = 0.94; <0.0001). The coefficients of determination (r2) for the equations between BW and SBW were 0.89 (P<0.001); and 0.86 (P<0.001) for the relationship between SBW and EBW. Based on the AIC (26.81) Eq. 2 described the relationship between BW and SBW better than Eq. 1, (AIC = 28.44) and Eq. 3 (AIC =28.35). The final model to estimate SBW as a function of BW was: SBW (kg): 0.96 (±0.001***) × BW. With respect to the SBW and EBW ratio, Equation 5, was better than the linear Eq. 4, (AIC = 33.01) and Eq. 6 (AIC = 33.35). The following model was: EBW (kg): 0.81 (± 0.06***) × SBW. The cross-validation of the equation of the relationship between BW and SBW showed that Eq. 1 had a higher r2 (0.87), and lower RMSEP and MAE than Eq. 2 and Eq. 3. Also, the equation of the relationship between SBW and EBW the cross-validation revealed that Eqs. 4 and 6 had the higher r2 (0.82), and lower RMSEP and MAE and tended to be more accurate than Eq. 5. Implications. The results obtained in present study contributes to the development of mathematical models for more accurate body weight adjustments in tropical sheep. Conclusion. The equations developed and evaluated in the present study revealed that the linear relationship between BW and SBW, and the linear and exponential relationship between SBW and EBW can be used to body weight adjustments in growing Black Belly ewe lambs. It's worth noting that this confirms that the SBW can be calculated using an adjustment factor of 0.96 FBW.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"73 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armara Macimiliam Galwab, O. K. Koech, O. V. Wasonga, Godfrey Kironchi
Background. Climate change is a global phenomenon, with varying indicators and impacts from one region to another. The impacts of the changing climate are high in developing countries that are mainly dependent on climate-driven economic sectors such as pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods. Objective. Analyze the temporal trend, the variability in temperature and precipitation, and the relationship between both parameters to determine the influence of the El Niño phenomenon in Marsabit County, Kenya, from 1981 to 2021. Methodology. Daily rainfall and temperature data for the four study locations (Maikona, Kargi, Dakabaricha, and Sololo) were obtained. The analysis of extremes was the main method used in the analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and temperature to establish the frequency and magnitude of climate variability in the study area. The seasonal mean plus or minus 1 Standard deviation for the entire period of study was used in the analysis of extremes. Results. Findings from trend analysis showed that rainfall trends have significantly increased in Marsabit County. Further, results on seasonal trends and variability of rainfall showed that March-April-May rainfall has been decreasing over the years. Below average rainfall has been experienced in Maikona in 2000 and 2011 with a magnitude of -42.9 mm, and -39.3 mm, respectively, while below average rainfall has been experienced in Kargi in 2000, 2009, 2011, and 2012 with a magnitude of -41.7 mm, -24.2 mm, -35.3 mm, and -34.3 mm, respectively. Analysis of the temperature trends and variability showed that both night and day temperatures have significantly increased over the years in Marsabit County. The magnitude of warming was found to be double that of cooling. The regression analysis further showed that there exists a negative correlation between temperatures and rainfall, implying that generally, rainfall decreases with increasing temperatures. Implications. This finding is important because it could help policymakers and people working on development in Marsabit County see what temperature and precipitation changes are happening locally. This could help them plan for climate change better. Both pastoral and agro-pastoral areas have been affected by both El Niño and La Niña activities, with the El Niño years recording the highest amounts of rainfall while the La Niña years recording the lowest amounts. Conclusions. This study recommends the use of rainwater harvesting during the October to December Season to take advantage of the increasing Trends and flood episodes associated with high magnitudes and frequencies of above average rainfall and use the same to cope with reduced rainfall in the March to May season.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION TRENDS IN KARGI, MAIKONA, DAKABARICHA AND SOLOLO WARDS OF MARSABIT COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"Armara Macimiliam Galwab, O. K. Koech, O. V. Wasonga, Godfrey Kironchi","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4810","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Climate change is a global phenomenon, with varying indicators and impacts from one region to another. The impacts of the changing climate are high in developing countries that are mainly dependent on climate-driven economic sectors such as pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods. Objective. Analyze the temporal trend, the variability in temperature and precipitation, and the relationship between both parameters to determine the influence of the El Niño phenomenon in Marsabit County, Kenya, from 1981 to 2021. Methodology. Daily rainfall and temperature data for the four study locations (Maikona, Kargi, Dakabaricha, and Sololo) were obtained. The analysis of extremes was the main method used in the analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and temperature to establish the frequency and magnitude of climate variability in the study area. The seasonal mean plus or minus 1 Standard deviation for the entire period of study was used in the analysis of extremes. Results. Findings from trend analysis showed that rainfall trends have significantly increased in Marsabit County. Further, results on seasonal trends and variability of rainfall showed that March-April-May rainfall has been decreasing over the years. Below average rainfall has been experienced in Maikona in 2000 and 2011 with a magnitude of -42.9 mm, and -39.3 mm, respectively, while below average rainfall has been experienced in Kargi in 2000, 2009, 2011, and 2012 with a magnitude of -41.7 mm, -24.2 mm, -35.3 mm, and -34.3 mm, respectively. Analysis of the temperature trends and variability showed that both night and day temperatures have significantly increased over the years in Marsabit County. The magnitude of warming was found to be double that of cooling. The regression analysis further showed that there exists a negative correlation between temperatures and rainfall, implying that generally, rainfall decreases with increasing temperatures. Implications. This finding is important because it could help policymakers and people working on development in Marsabit County see what temperature and precipitation changes are happening locally. This could help them plan for climate change better. Both pastoral and agro-pastoral areas have been affected by both El Niño and La Niña activities, with the El Niño years recording the highest amounts of rainfall while the La Niña years recording the lowest amounts. Conclusions. This study recommends the use of rainwater harvesting during the October to December Season to take advantage of the increasing Trends and flood episodes associated with high magnitudes and frequencies of above average rainfall and use the same to cope with reduced rainfall in the March to May season.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez, Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas, Edith Rojas-Anaya, Marco Aurelio Aragón-Magadan, L. Guzmán
Introduction: The high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic approach has been developed and implemented to address the main challenges that the timber forestry sector faces, such as population growth, climate change, deforestation and the loss of forest ecosystem services. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review focused on the genomes and transcriptomes of timber trees reported in the databases, with special attention to red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), due to its importance as precious wood in Mexico. Methodology: A literature review was carried out, directed at studying timber trees with genomic and transcriptomic strategies in different databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI and Scielo to identify the timber species that have been reported genomes and transcriptomes. The structure of the review was the genomics of timber trees, the transcriptomics of wood, and the potential species for study due to their importance and finally, the databases for consultation. Subsequently, a bibliometric study was carried out with the bibliometrix library in R Studio. Main results: The first genome to be assembled at the chromosome level was the black cottonwood. Among the timber trees, the genomes of black cottonwood, desert poplar, eucalyptus and oak with a length of 392, 496, 691 and 789 Mb have been reported. Through study of the transcriptome, it has been possible to identify genes related to formation of the wood in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) and P. tremula L. and with drought tolerance in Pinus massoniana and Pinus pinaster Aiton. In red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), the transcriptome was obtained by sequencing a single leaf, identifying 52,181 gene models. In the NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA databases and the hardwood genomics website it is possible to find information related to the genomics and transcriptomics of timber species. Implications: More research is required in omics in timber, particularly in red cedar, since the search on these topics yielded little information. Conclusion: Through the bibliographic review in databases, the timber trees that have a described genome and transcriptome were identified. This information can be used for the assembly and annotation of new genomes, identification of genes and molecular markers, among other applications.
导言：高通量基因组和转录组方法的开发和实施是为了应对木材林业部门面临的主要挑战，如人口增长、气候变化、森林砍伐和森林生态系统服务的丧失。目标：进行文献综述，重点是数据库中报告的木材树木的基因组和转录组，特别关注红雪松（Cedrela odorata L.），因为它在墨西哥是重要的珍贵木材。研究方法：我们进行了一次文献综述，目的是通过不同数据库（如 Pubmed、Scopus、Google Scholar、ScienceDirect、Wiley Online Library、MDPI 和 Scielo）中的基因组和转录组策略研究木材树种，以确定已报告基因组和转录组的木材树种。综述的结构是：用材树木的基因组学、木材的转录组学、因其重要性而可能进行研究的物种，最后是供查阅的数据库。随后，利用 R Studio 中的 bibliometrix 库进行了文献计量学研究。主要成果：第一个在染色体水平上完成基因组组装的是黑木棉。在用材树种中，黑木棉、沙漠胡杨、桉树和橡树的基因组长度分别为 392、496、691 和 789 Mb。通过对转录组的研究，发现了与杂交白杨（Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa）和震颤杨（P. tremula L.）木材形成有关的基因，以及与马松（Pinus massoniana）和艾顿松（Pinus pinaster Aiton）耐旱性有关的基因。在红雪松（Cedrela odorata L.）中，通过对单片叶子测序获得了转录组，确定了 52,181 个基因模型。在 NCBI、EMBL-EBI、TreeGenes、PLAZA 数据库和硬木基因组学网站上，可以找到有关木材物种基因组学和转录组学的信息。影响：需要对木材，特别是红柏的 omics 进行更多的研究，因为在这些主题上的搜索所获得的信息很少。结论：通过数据库中的文献综述，确定了具有描述基因组和转录组的木材树种。这些信息可用于新基因组的组装和注释、基因和分子标记的鉴定以及其他应用。
{"title":"ENFOQUES GENÓMICOS Y TRANSCRIPTÓMICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ÁRBOLES MADERABLES: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE CEDRO ROJO (Cedrela odorata L.)","authors":"Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez, Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas, Edith Rojas-Anaya, Marco Aurelio Aragón-Magadan, L. Guzmán","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4773","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic approach has been developed and implemented to address the main challenges that the timber forestry sector faces, such as population growth, climate change, deforestation and the loss of forest ecosystem services. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review focused on the genomes and transcriptomes of timber trees reported in the databases, with special attention to red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), due to its importance as precious wood in Mexico. Methodology: A literature review was carried out, directed at studying timber trees with genomic and transcriptomic strategies in different databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI and Scielo to identify the timber species that have been reported genomes and transcriptomes. The structure of the review was the genomics of timber trees, the transcriptomics of wood, and the potential species for study due to their importance and finally, the databases for consultation. Subsequently, a bibliometric study was carried out with the bibliometrix library in R Studio. Main results: The first genome to be assembled at the chromosome level was the black cottonwood. Among the timber trees, the genomes of black cottonwood, desert poplar, eucalyptus and oak with a length of 392, 496, 691 and 789 Mb have been reported. Through study of the transcriptome, it has been possible to identify genes related to formation of the wood in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) and P. tremula L. and with drought tolerance in Pinus massoniana and Pinus pinaster Aiton. In red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), the transcriptome was obtained by sequencing a single leaf, identifying 52,181 gene models. In the NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA databases and the hardwood genomics website it is possible to find information related to the genomics and transcriptomics of timber species. Implications: More research is required in omics in timber, particularly in red cedar, since the search on these topics yielded little information. Conclusion: Through the bibliographic review in databases, the timber trees that have a described genome and transcriptome were identified. This information can be used for the assembly and annotation of new genomes, identification of genes and molecular markers, among other applications.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Makinde, A. Maidala, I. A. Bagudu, A. B. Sikiru, Okunale S. Adewale, Eniwaiye A. Adetutu, E. Opoola, O. S. Ajide, A. Ajibade
Background. High cost of feed ingredients and increased demand for broiler chicken in many African countries has necessitated the search for alternative feed sources. Objective. To evaluate the effects of Hyphaene thebaica seed meal (HTSM) as substitute for maize on growth and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Methodology. Five experimental diets were formulated for the trial. Diet 1 (0% HTSM) served as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5, 10, 15 and 20% HTSM respectively replacing dietary maize in the diets of birds. A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with three replicates of fifteen birds each. Each group was assigned to the five experimental diets in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for all treatment groups during the trial. Result. Differences (P<0.05) were observed in the growth parameters measured except average daily feed intake (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) compared to those fed 15 and 20 % HTSM diets. Differences (P<0.05) were also observed in the blood parameters measured except the packed cell volume (29.08- 31.89%) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (14.69-15.67pg). The white blood cell (11.45-18.14 x 109/l), red blood cell (4.71-6.99 x 1012/l), haemoglobin (6.92-10.05g/dl) and aspartate transaminase (72.95-90.16 IU/l), alanine aminotransaminase (62.84-79.50 IUu/l) and alkaline phosphatase (100.26-108.77 IU/l) increased (P<0.05) as the dietary levels of HTSM increased across the treatments. Carcass and organ weights of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) than those fed 15 and 20% HTSM diets. Implication. Adequate processing of the HTSM is needed to reduce the anti-nutritional factors to a tolerable level before being used in broiler diet. Conclusion. Broiler chickens can tolerate up to 10% raw HTSM in their diets without adverse effect on growth performance.
{"title":"DOUM PALM (Hyphaene thebaica) SEED MEAL AS A NOVEL FEEDSTUFF FOR BROILER CHICKENS: EFFECT ON GROWTH RESPONSE","authors":"O. Makinde, A. Maidala, I. A. Bagudu, A. B. Sikiru, Okunale S. Adewale, Eniwaiye A. Adetutu, E. Opoola, O. S. Ajide, A. Ajibade","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4547","url":null,"abstract":"Background. High cost of feed ingredients and increased demand for broiler chicken in many African countries has necessitated the search for alternative feed sources. Objective. To evaluate the effects of Hyphaene thebaica seed meal (HTSM) as substitute for maize on growth and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Methodology. Five experimental diets were formulated for the trial. Diet 1 (0% HTSM) served as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 5, 10, 15 and 20% HTSM respectively replacing dietary maize in the diets of birds. A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with three replicates of fifteen birds each. Each group was assigned to the five experimental diets in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for all treatment groups during the trial. Result. Differences (P<0.05) were observed in the growth parameters measured except average daily feed intake (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) compared to those fed 15 and 20 % HTSM diets. Differences (P<0.05) were also observed in the blood parameters measured except the packed cell volume (29.08- 31.89%) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (14.69-15.67pg). The white blood cell (11.45-18.14 x 109/l), red blood cell (4.71-6.99 x 1012/l), haemoglobin (6.92-10.05g/dl) and aspartate transaminase (72.95-90.16 IU/l), alanine aminotransaminase (62.84-79.50 IUu/l) and alkaline phosphatase (100.26-108.77 IU/l) increased (P<0.05) as the dietary levels of HTSM increased across the treatments. Carcass and organ weights of birds fed 0, 5 and 10% HTSM diets were better (P<0.05) than those fed 15 and 20% HTSM diets. Implication. Adequate processing of the HTSM is needed to reduce the anti-nutritional factors to a tolerable level before being used in broiler diet. Conclusion. Broiler chickens can tolerate up to 10% raw HTSM in their diets without adverse effect on growth performance.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itamar Chareo-Benítez, J. A. Yam-Tzec, Ana Rosa Ramírez-Seañez, José Orbelin Gutiérrez-Hernández, Hipólito Hernández-Hernández
Background: Calcium nitrate is a widely used fertilizer in the preparation of nutrient solutions. However, there is still a need to determine the effects of different levels of calcium nitrate on the Persian cucumber crop to optimize fertilization practices and improve crop yield. Objective: To determine the effects of two levels of calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two Persian cucumber hybrids (Bereket and Cruz). Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (two hybrids and two nutrient solutions) under greenhouse conditions. Results: The nutrient solution with 11 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate increased the concentration of nitrate and calcium in the petiole sap of the Cruz hybrid in the flowering stage; however, the yield of both hybrids decreased. On the other hand, the nutrient solution with 9 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate increased the number of fruits of both hybrids and the yield per plant of the Cruz hybrid. Implications: The Cruz hybrid showed to be more efficient in calcium uptake than the Bereket hybrid, which is interesting since it could require less calcium application without affecting yield. However, other studies are necessary to expand this information. Conclusion: The nutrient solution containing 9 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate showed a significant increase in the number of fruits per plant for both the Cruz and Bereket hybrids. This highlights the importance of appropriate calcium nitrate supplementation in the nutrient solution, as it enhances the production of hydroponically grown Persian cucumbers.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF TWO LEVELS OF CALCIUM NITRATE ON SAP NUTRIENTS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF PERSIAN CUCUMBER","authors":"Itamar Chareo-Benítez, J. A. Yam-Tzec, Ana Rosa Ramírez-Seañez, José Orbelin Gutiérrez-Hernández, Hipólito Hernández-Hernández","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4868","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Calcium nitrate is a widely used fertilizer in the preparation of nutrient solutions. However, there is still a need to determine the effects of different levels of calcium nitrate on the Persian cucumber crop to optimize fertilization practices and improve crop yield. Objective: To determine the effects of two levels of calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two Persian cucumber hybrids (Bereket and Cruz). Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (two hybrids and two nutrient solutions) under greenhouse conditions. Results: The nutrient solution with 11 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate increased the concentration of nitrate and calcium in the petiole sap of the Cruz hybrid in the flowering stage; however, the yield of both hybrids decreased. On the other hand, the nutrient solution with 9 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate increased the number of fruits of both hybrids and the yield per plant of the Cruz hybrid. Implications: The Cruz hybrid showed to be more efficient in calcium uptake than the Bereket hybrid, which is interesting since it could require less calcium application without affecting yield. However, other studies are necessary to expand this information. Conclusion: The nutrient solution containing 9 meq L-1 of calcium nitrate showed a significant increase in the number of fruits per plant for both the Cruz and Bereket hybrids. This highlights the importance of appropriate calcium nitrate supplementation in the nutrient solution, as it enhances the production of hydroponically grown Persian cucumbers.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139284301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benito Albarran Portillo, I. Salas-Reyes, Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán, A. García-Martínez
Background. Cattle production in tropical regions of Mexico is in dual-purpose farms (DP) on unintended agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS) with pastures dominated by tropical grasses with scattered shrubs and trees. During the dry season due to the forage diminished nutritional value and availability most farmers supplement their cattle to sustain milk production and weight gains of calves, without taking into consideration the wide variety of forages available in grazing lands to decide the composition of supplements offered to their cattle. Objective/hypothesis. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of low levels of crude protein (CP) content in supplements (S10 = 100, S11 = 110 and S12 = 120 g CP/kg of DM) on the performance of lactating Brown Swiss (BS) cows on an ASPS during the dry season. We hypothesize that low levels of CP in supplements of lactating grazing cows on an agrosilvopastoral system during the dry season would not affect animal performance. Methodology. The study was carried out in the dry season (March to June of 2012), in a commercial DP in the State of Mexico. Eighteen multiparous BS cows and their calves were used in the study, randomly allocated to three groups (six cows/group), to receive one of three supplements (4.5 kg DM/cow/day), consisting of 100, 110 or 120 g/kg DM of crude protein (CP) S10, S11 and S12, respectively. Data were analysed as a complete random experimental design with a mixed model. Results. There were no significant differences in most of the animal performance variables (P > 0.05), except for fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) where S12 (6.4) was significantly higher than S10 and S11 (4.7 and 4.5 kg/day, respectively). Milk protein yields (kg/day) significantly increased as the CP level increased in supplements. High levels of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were detected (mean 14.0 mg/dL). Implications. In similar DP farms where cattle have access to other sources of forages like shrubs and trees, it is possible to reduce the CP content of supplements and to increase the efficiency of utilization of those alternative forages as well as a reduction in supplementation costs. Conclusion. There were no significant differences in the performance of BS cows grazing on an ASPS during the dry season receiving supplements with low crude protein levels. When correcting to fat-protein milk yields a significant difference was found in favour of supplement with 120 g CP/kg of DM.
{"title":"PRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF LACTATING DUAL-PURPOSE COWS GRAZING IN AN AGROSILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM DURING THE DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTED WITH LOW LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN","authors":"Benito Albarran Portillo, I. Salas-Reyes, Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán, A. García-Martínez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4588","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cattle production in tropical regions of Mexico is in dual-purpose farms (DP) on unintended agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS) with pastures dominated by tropical grasses with scattered shrubs and trees. During the dry season due to the forage diminished nutritional value and availability most farmers supplement their cattle to sustain milk production and weight gains of calves, without taking into consideration the wide variety of forages available in grazing lands to decide the composition of supplements offered to their cattle. Objective/hypothesis. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of low levels of crude protein (CP) content in supplements (S10 = 100, S11 = 110 and S12 = 120 g CP/kg of DM) on the performance of lactating Brown Swiss (BS) cows on an ASPS during the dry season. We hypothesize that low levels of CP in supplements of lactating grazing cows on an agrosilvopastoral system during the dry season would not affect animal performance. Methodology. The study was carried out in the dry season (March to June of 2012), in a commercial DP in the State of Mexico. Eighteen multiparous BS cows and their calves were used in the study, randomly allocated to three groups (six cows/group), to receive one of three supplements (4.5 kg DM/cow/day), consisting of 100, 110 or 120 g/kg DM of crude protein (CP) S10, S11 and S12, respectively. Data were analysed as a complete random experimental design with a mixed model. Results. There were no significant differences in most of the animal performance variables (P > 0.05), except for fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) where S12 (6.4) was significantly higher than S10 and S11 (4.7 and 4.5 kg/day, respectively). Milk protein yields (kg/day) significantly increased as the CP level increased in supplements. High levels of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were detected (mean 14.0 mg/dL). Implications. In similar DP farms where cattle have access to other sources of forages like shrubs and trees, it is possible to reduce the CP content of supplements and to increase the efficiency of utilization of those alternative forages as well as a reduction in supplementation costs. Conclusion. There were no significant differences in the performance of BS cows grazing on an ASPS during the dry season receiving supplements with low crude protein levels. When correcting to fat-protein milk yields a significant difference was found in favour of supplement with 120 g CP/kg of DM.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139287635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analy Arroyo Herrera, Angela Kú González, Rosa María Escobedo Gracia-Medrano, Suemy Terezita Echeverria Echeverria, Miguel Angel Herrera Alamillo, Luis Joel Figueroa Yañez, E. Castaño, Luis Carlos Rodríguez Zapata
Background: During the last few years the home box transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) has been shown to cause dedifferentiation when expressed on somatic cells followed by a production of new stem cells that can lead to somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. WUS has been shown to promote the transition from a vegetative to an embryogenic state when overexpressed. Objective/Hypothesis. The genetic in vitro transformation of meristematic tissue of Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” was carried out using a heterologous gene WUSCHEL from Arabidopsis thaliana, via vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, to establish and ascertain if its expression modifies the progression of the explants to the embryogenesis process and or reduces the time needed for in vitro embryogenic induction phase. Methodology: Explants of proliferating shoot meristems, named “scalps”, of Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” was transformed with WUS gene under the control of promoter GAL4, inducible by 17b-estradiol. The effect of steroid 17b-estradiol (b-Est) and homobrassinolide (HomoBra) on the in vitro somatic embryogenesis induction phase of non-transformed banana scalps was investigated. Results: The successful transformation of the explants was confirmed by PCR, for the transferred neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and the WUS gene. In addition, the expression of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) for the corresponding transferred reporter gene was verified by fluorescence microscopy in proliferated transformed tissues. Besides, the transformed tissue response to the induction of embryogenesis with either b-Est and/or HomoBra, inducers of the transgene were investigated. Implications: The improvement of the process of somatic embryogenesis in this way, generates a more effective and productive study model in a short time.Conclusions:WUS can promote the meristematic tissue-to-embryonic transition, and eventually somatic embryo formation, suggesting that the homeodomain protein can play a critical role during embryogenesis.
背景：在过去的几年中，研究表明原基盒转录因子WUSCHEL（WUS）在体细胞上表达时会导致去分化，随后产生新的干细胞，从而导致体细胞胚胎发生或器官发生。WUS 被证明在过表达时能促进从无性繁殖状态向胚胎生成状态的转变。目标/假设。对 "Grand Nain "变种（Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. "Grand Nain"）的分生组织进行离体遗传转化。"Grand Nain "进行了基因体外转化，使用拟南芥中的异源基因 WUSCHEL，通过农杆菌真空浸润，以确定其表达是否会改变外植体的胚胎发生过程，或缩短体外胚胎诱导阶段所需的时间。研究方法将麝香草（Musa acuminata L. AAA）变种 "Grand Nain "的增殖嫩枝分生组织的外植体（命名为 "头皮"）进行转化。"Grand Nain "在启动子 GAL4 的控制下转化了 WUS 基因，该基因可由 17b-estradiol 诱导。研究了类固醇 17b-estradiol (b-Est) 和 homobrassinolide (HomoBra) 对非转化香蕉头皮体外体细胞胚胎发生诱导阶段的影响。结果通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）确认了外植体成功转化了新霉素磷酸转移酶 II（NPTII）和 WUS 基因。此外，在增殖的转化组织中，通过荧光显微镜验证了相应转入报告基因的红色荧光蛋白（RFP）的表达。此外，还研究了转化组织对转基因诱导剂 b-Est 和/或 HomoBra 诱导胚胎发生的反应。意义：通过这种方法改进体细胞胚胎发生过程，可在短时间内建立更有效、更富有成效的研究模型。结论WUS能促进分生组织向胚胎的转变，并最终促进体细胞胚胎的形成，这表明同源结构域蛋白在胚胎发生过程中起着关键作用。
{"title":"OVEREXPRESSION OF WUSCHEL IMPROVES THE INDUCTION OF EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS IN SCALPS OF MUSA ACUMINATA L. AAA, CV. “GRAND NAIN”","authors":"Analy Arroyo Herrera, Angela Kú González, Rosa María Escobedo Gracia-Medrano, Suemy Terezita Echeverria Echeverria, Miguel Angel Herrera Alamillo, Luis Joel Figueroa Yañez, E. Castaño, Luis Carlos Rodríguez Zapata","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background:</strong> During the last few years the home box transcription factor <em>WUSCHEL</em> (WUS) has been shown to cause dedifferentiation when expressed on somatic cells followed by a production of new stem cells that can lead to somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. <em>WUS</em> has been shown to promote the transition from a vegetative to an embryogenic state when overexpressed. <strong>Objective/Hypothesis</strong>. The genetic <em>in vitro</em> transformation of meristematic tissue of <em>Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” </em>was carried out using a heterologous gene <em>WUSCHEL</em> from <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, via vacuum infiltration with <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>, to establish and ascertain if its expression modifies the progression of the explants to the embryogenesis process and or reduces the time needed for <em>in vitro</em> embryogenic induction phase<em>. <strong>Methodology</strong>: Explants of </em>proliferating shoot meristems<em>, named “scalps”, of Musa acuminata L. AAA, cv. “Grand Nain” was transformed with WUS gene under the control of promoter GAL4, inducible by 17</em><em>b</em><em>-estradiol. The effect of steroid 17</em><em>b</em><em>-estradiol (</em><em>b-E</em><em>st) and homobrassinolide (HomoBra) on the in vitro somatic embryogenesis induction phase of non-transformed banana scalps was investigated. <strong>Results</strong>: The successful transformation of the explants was confirmed by PCR, for the transferred neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and the WUS gene. In addition, the expression of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) for the corresponding transferred reporter gene was verified by fluorescence microscopy in proliferated transformed tissues. Besides, the transformed tissue response to the induction of embryogenesis with either </em><em>b-E</em><em>st and/or HomoBra, inducers of the transgene were investigated. <strong>Implications:</strong> The improvement of the process of somatic embryogenesis in this way, generates a more effective and productive study model in a short time.</em> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>WUS can promote the meristematic tissue-to-embryonic transition, and eventually somatic embryo formation, suggesting that the homeodomain protein can play a critical role during embryogenesis.</em><em></em></p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"20 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139284901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fátima del R. Yam-Herrera, Esaú Ruíz Sánchez, Sergio López-Vázquez, Juan Díaz-Mayo, Ismael Tucuch-Haas, L. Latournerie-Moreno, Ángel M. Herrera-Gorocica
Background. The use of biosolids in agriculture allows to supply essential nutrients for the plant development. Objective. To evaluate the effect of supplying swine biosolids on the physio-agronomic characteristics and incidence of pests in X'catik pepper. Methodology. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions and set in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates. Three different levels of biosolids were evaluated (500, 750 and 1000 g plant-1) and the control (no supply of biosolid). Results. Plants treated with 750 g de biosólido had the highest net carbon assimilation rate (AN) and the lowest intracellular carbon (Ci), likewise, there was a trend of higher values for the yield components in this treatment. The population density of B. tabaci and the damage by Poliphagotarsonemus latus was similar among treatments. Implications. The use of swine biosolid in agriculture represent a feasible alternative to enhance the plant physiological condition and potentially the yield in horticultural crops. Conclusion. The supply of 750 g plant-1 of swine biosolid improved the physiological parameters in the X'catik pepper plants, had no effect on pest damage, but showed a strong tendency to increase yield.
{"title":"EFECTO DEL ABONADO CON BIOSÓLIDO EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO FISIOLÓGICO E INCIDENCIA DE PLAGAS EN CULTIVO DE CHILE X´CATIK (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"Fátima del R. Yam-Herrera, Esaú Ruíz Sánchez, Sergio López-Vázquez, Juan Díaz-Mayo, Ismael Tucuch-Haas, L. Latournerie-Moreno, Ángel M. Herrera-Gorocica","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.4749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background.</strong> The use of biosolids in agriculture allows to supply essential nutrients for the plant development. <strong>Objective</strong>. To evaluate the effect of supplying swine biosolids on the physio-agronomic characteristics and incidence of pests in X'catik pepper. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions and set in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates. Three different levels of biosolids were evaluated (500, 750 and 1000 g plant<sup>-1</sup>) and the control (no supply of biosolid). <strong>Results.</strong> Plants treated with 750 g de biosólido had the highest net carbon assimilation rate (A<sub>N</sub>) and the lowest intracellular carbon (Ci), likewise, there was a trend of higher values for the yield components in this treatment. The population density of <em>B. tabaci</em> and the damage by <em>Poliphagotarsonemus latus</em> was similar among treatments. <strong>Implications.</strong> The use of swine biosolid in agriculture represent a feasible alternative to enhance the plant physiological condition and potentially the yield in horticultural crops. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The supply of 750 g plant<sup>-1</sup> of swine biosolid improved the physiological parameters in the X'catik pepper plants, had no effect on pest damage, but showed a strong tendency to increase yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139285543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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