Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17066
Wencheng Huang, B. Shuai
In this paper, we formulate a cost and safety oriented approach to optimize the motorail transport car loading layout optimization problem. The model has 2 objective functions, one maximizes the wagon loading weight utilization rate, and another minimizes the gravitational center height after loading the cars on the wagons. The calculation results show that: the heaviest cars should be loaded in the middle of the decks, the cars weight loaded on both sides should be gradually reduced; the total weight of cars loaded on lower deck should be larger than the total weight of cars loaded on the upper deck.
{"title":"AN APPROACH TO SOLVE MOTORAIL TRANSPORTATION LOADING LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM: THE CHINA CASE","authors":"Wencheng Huang, B. Shuai","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17066","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we formulate a cost and safety oriented approach to optimize the motorail transport car loading layout optimization problem. The model has 2 objective functions, one maximizes the wagon loading weight utilization rate, and another minimizes the gravitational center height after loading the cars on the wagons. The calculation results show that: the heaviest cars should be loaded in the middle of the decks, the cars weight loaded on both sides should be gradually reduced; the total weight of cars loaded on lower deck should be larger than the total weight of cars loaded on the upper deck.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17110
Roman Mykhailyshyn, V. Savkiv, P. Maruschak, Jing Xiao
Based on the literature review, the article presents the analysis of approaches to classifying Gripping Devices (GDs) of Industrial Robots (IRs) and substantiates the need for systematising Pneumatic GDs (PGDs). The authors propose a classification of well-known PGDs, in which the holding force of the Manipulated Object (MO) is formed under the action of gas-dynamic effects. A general classification of PGDs with features common to all PGD subtypes is proposed: PGD type; contact type; object base type; object centring type; specialisation type; working range; availability of additional devices; the number of grippers; type of control; type of attachment to the robot. Each feature of the general PGD classification, which affects PGD characteristics, is analysed, and a usage example is given. The advantages of each feature included in the general PGD classification are also considered. For a more detailed classification, PGDs are divided into the following types: Vacuum GDs (VGDs), Jet GDs (JGDs), Combined PGDs (CPGDs). For VGD, the main distinguishing features are highlighted, which are the vacuum creation method, effect/actuator, stepwise nozzle, suction cup type, suction material type. The main distinguishing features of JGDs include using a jet of compressed air, the shape of nozzle elements, the number of nozzle elements, the direction of gas flows, type of surface of the MO. The main distinguishing features of CPGD include the type of combination and function performed. The main features are given for each classification, and the advantages/disadvantages of the most typical representatives of GDs are described. The authors identify the main development directions for GDs at the present stage of robotisation of production processes, medicine, military and space technology, etc. Based on the analysis and systematisation of literature data, the authors define the main promising areas of research that will be actively developed soon: optimisation of grippers’ design, flexible grippers, additive manufacturing (3D-printing) when creating grippers, collaborative grippers, modular grippers, universal grippers, grippers based on new materials, new effects in grippers, bionic and medical grippers, simulation and rendering of the gripping process.
{"title":"A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON PNEUMATIC GRIPPING DEVICES FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS","authors":"Roman Mykhailyshyn, V. Savkiv, P. Maruschak, Jing Xiao","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17110","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the literature review, the article presents the analysis of approaches to classifying Gripping Devices (GDs) of Industrial Robots (IRs) and substantiates the need for systematising Pneumatic GDs (PGDs). The authors propose a classification of well-known PGDs, in which the holding force of the Manipulated Object (MO) is formed under the action of gas-dynamic effects. A general classification of PGDs with features common to all PGD subtypes is proposed: PGD type; contact type; object base type; object centring type; specialisation type; working range; availability of additional devices; the number of grippers; type of control; type of attachment to the robot. Each feature of the general PGD classification, which affects PGD characteristics, is analysed, and a usage example is given. The advantages of each feature included in the general PGD classification are also considered. For a more detailed classification, PGDs are divided into the following types: Vacuum GDs (VGDs), Jet GDs (JGDs), Combined PGDs (CPGDs). For VGD, the main distinguishing features are highlighted, which are the vacuum creation method, effect/actuator, stepwise nozzle, suction cup type, suction material type. The main distinguishing features of JGDs include using a jet of compressed air, the shape of nozzle elements, the number of nozzle elements, the direction of gas flows, type of surface of the MO. The main distinguishing features of CPGD include the type of combination and function performed. The main features are given for each classification, and the advantages/disadvantages of the most typical representatives of GDs are described. The authors identify the main development directions for GDs at the present stage of robotisation of production processes, medicine, military and space technology, etc. Based on the analysis and systematisation of literature data, the authors define the main promising areas of research that will be actively developed soon: optimisation of grippers’ design, flexible grippers, additive manufacturing (3D-printing) when creating grippers, collaborative grippers, modular grippers, universal grippers, grippers based on new materials, new effects in grippers, bionic and medical grippers, simulation and rendering of the gripping process.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17449
Mahsa Pishdar, F. Ghasemzadeh, J. Antuchevičienė
Logistics systems constitute the backbone of international trade. For developing countries, establishment of sustainable logistics systems reduces costs, and makes supply chains strong to become able to compete. Without setting indicators for sustainable logistics, it is not possible to understand what policies are necessary for success. Logistics systems situations become worse in especial industries such as Fast-Moving Consuming Goods (FMCG) industry that are facing observable challenges such as old-fashioned goods or product corruption. The objective of this paper is to determine a set of indicators, which can be helpful in enhancement of sustainable logistics systems in developing countries. An initial set of indicators is determined through literature review and justified by asking experts’ opinions who have experience of management in logistics systems in developing countries such as Iran and Afghanistan, especially in logistics management in FMCG industry. The indicators are prioritized using Best–Worst Method (BWM), which is a newly introduced decision-making model. Results of prioritization of finalized dimensions and indicators by use of BWM show that “Governance” has the highest importance among dimensions and “management commitment to sustainability” is the most important indicator among all indicators. The results are applicably acceptable as we can see in business circumstances that only when managers believe in perusing sustainability principles as an important factor under each type of economic circumstance, an efficient vision will be set. Risk management has gained the least weight in this study. Based on experts’ opinions, if policies and procedures are set and performed correctly, risks will be less probable by themselves. The results help mangers in assignment of limited budgets to improvement projects related to each indicator.
{"title":"BEST–WORST METHOD TO PRIORITIZE INDICATORS EFFECTIVE IN MAKING LOGISTICS SYSTEMS MORE SUSTAINABLE IN FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","authors":"Mahsa Pishdar, F. Ghasemzadeh, J. Antuchevičienė","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17449","url":null,"abstract":"Logistics systems constitute the backbone of international trade. For developing countries, establishment of sustainable logistics systems reduces costs, and makes supply chains strong to become able to compete. Without setting indicators for sustainable logistics, it is not possible to understand what policies are necessary for success. Logistics systems situations become worse in especial industries such as Fast-Moving Consuming Goods (FMCG) industry that are facing observable challenges such as old-fashioned goods or product corruption. The objective of this paper is to determine a set of indicators, which can be helpful in enhancement of sustainable logistics systems in developing countries. An initial set of indicators is determined through literature review and justified by asking experts’ opinions who have experience of management in logistics systems in developing countries such as Iran and Afghanistan, especially in logistics management in FMCG industry. The indicators are prioritized using Best–Worst Method (BWM), which is a newly introduced decision-making model. Results of prioritization of finalized dimensions and indicators by use of BWM show that “Governance” has the highest importance among dimensions and “management commitment to sustainability” is the most important indicator among all indicators. The results are applicably acceptable as we can see in business circumstances that only when managers believe in perusing sustainability principles as an important factor under each type of economic circumstance, an efficient vision will be set. Risk management has gained the least weight in this study. Based on experts’ opinions, if policies and procedures are set and performed correctly, risks will be less probable by themselves. The results help mangers in assignment of limited budgets to improvement projects related to each indicator.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82093617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17073
Carlos Olivos, Hernan Caceres
In this paper, we solved an ambulance location problem with a multi-objective framework considering the case of the study of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of Antofagasta (Chile). Nowadays, in Antofagasta, the ambulances are located in bases that are not necessarily the optimal location achieving an estimated 67% of coverage under the 8 min not meeting the requirements dictated by the Chilean Ministry of Health. We used a multi-objective model considering mean response time, maximum response time, and the demand not covered. The model is solved using an iterative ε-constraint method to generate a Pareto set of efficient solutions. We considered historical data from the years 2015 and 2016 to generate the demand and emergency nodes with a clustering algorithm. The results show improvements on all criteria of the multi-objective model, where we highlight a potential increment on coverage within 8 min from 67 to 99%. In order to test the new policy in a real setting, a pilot plan is proposed, which reaches 89% of coverage within 8 min.
{"title":"MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF AMBULANCE LOCATION IN ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE","authors":"Carlos Olivos, Hernan Caceres","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17073","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we solved an ambulance location problem with a multi-objective framework considering the case of the study of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of Antofagasta (Chile). Nowadays, in Antofagasta, the ambulances are located in bases that are not necessarily the optimal location achieving an estimated 67% of coverage under the 8 min not meeting the requirements dictated by the Chilean Ministry of Health. We used a multi-objective model considering mean response time, maximum response time, and the demand not covered. The model is solved using an iterative ε-constraint method to generate a Pareto set of efficient solutions. We considered historical data from the years 2015 and 2016 to generate the demand and emergency nodes with a clustering algorithm. The results show improvements on all criteria of the multi-objective model, where we highlight a potential increment on coverage within 8 min from 67 to 99%. In order to test the new policy in a real setting, a pilot plan is proposed, which reaches 89% of coverage within 8 min.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17069
Oruç Altintaşi, Hediye Tuydes-Yaman, K. Tuncay
Floating Car Data (FCD) are being increasingly used as an alternative traffic data source due to its lower cost and high coverage area. FCD can be obtained by tracking vehicle trajectories individually or by processing multiple tracks anonymously to produce average speed information commercially. For commercial FCD, the spatio-temporal distribution of these vehicles in actual traffic, traffic Penetration Rate (PR) is the most important factor affecting the accuracy of speed estimations, despite the high number of registered vehicles feeding to an FCD provider, denoting the market PR. This study proposes a method for assessing the traffic PR of commercial FCD by evaluating its speed estimation quality compared to Ground Truth (GT) data. GT speed data were employed to generate different levels of traffic PR using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which resulted in the development of Quality-PR (Q-PR) relations for Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as selected Measures of Effectiveness (MoE). Simulation-based FCD results at an urban road segment in Ankara (Turkey) showed that a quality of FCD with traffic PR of 15% or more would improve significantly. Use of the developed Q-PR relations suggested an approximately 5% traffic PR for the commercial FCD speeds at the location.
浮动车数据(FCD)由于其成本低、覆盖面积大等优点，正越来越多地被用作交通数据的替代来源。FCD可以通过单独跟踪车辆轨迹来获得，也可以通过匿名处理多个轨迹来获得平均速度信息。对于商用FCD而言，车辆在实际交通中的时空分布，交通渗透率(traffic Penetration Rate, PR)是影响速度估计准确性的最重要因素，尽管向FCD供应商提供的注册车辆数量很多，即市场PR。本研究提出了一种通过比较Ground Truth (GT)数据的速度估计质量来评估商用FCD交通PR的方法。利用蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟，利用GT速度数据生成不同水平的交通PR，从而建立了平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)作为选择的有效性度量(MoE)的质量PR (Q-PR)关系。在土耳其安卡拉的一个城市路段进行的基于仿真的FCD结果表明，交通PR为15%或更高的FCD质量将显著提高。使用已开发的Q-PR关系表明，该位置的商业FCD速度的流量PR约为5%。
{"title":"A METHOD TO ESTIMATE TRAFFIC PENETRATION RATES OF COMMERCIAL FLOATING CAR DATA USING SPEED INFORMATION","authors":"Oruç Altintaşi, Hediye Tuydes-Yaman, K. Tuncay","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17069","url":null,"abstract":"Floating Car Data (FCD) are being increasingly used as an alternative traffic data source due to its lower cost and high coverage area. FCD can be obtained by tracking vehicle trajectories individually or by processing multiple tracks anonymously to produce average speed information commercially. For commercial FCD, the spatio-temporal distribution of these vehicles in actual traffic, traffic Penetration Rate (PR) is the most important factor affecting the accuracy of speed estimations, despite the high number of registered vehicles feeding to an FCD provider, denoting the market PR. This study proposes a method for assessing the traffic PR of commercial FCD by evaluating its speed estimation quality compared to Ground Truth (GT) data. GT speed data were employed to generate different levels of traffic PR using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which resulted in the development of Quality-PR (Q-PR) relations for Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as selected Measures of Effectiveness (MoE). Simulation-based FCD results at an urban road segment in Ankara (Turkey) showed that a quality of FCD with traffic PR of 15% or more would improve significantly. Use of the developed Q-PR relations suggested an approximately 5% traffic PR for the commercial FCD speeds at the location.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83952961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.16720
F. kaveh, H. Shirouyehzad, S. Zolfani, S. Arabzad
Regarding the necessity of developing transportation infrastructures and its increasing importance in urban issues, nowadays in different cities, bicycles are considered the main and sustainable vehicle along with walking and drawing more attention day by day. The case considers highly paramount since preservation of the environment, natural resources, and energy is one of the significant pillars of sustainable development, and urban transportation intensively influences it. Thus, Bicycle Sharing System (BSS) is recognized as an innovative urban transportation option that meets the citizens’ demand for commuting during the day. The BSS can highly affect the level of citizens’ health, and it can be counted as one of the leading health programs whether it’s added to the public transportation system, it can help the culture to be created to use bicycles instead of cars in most of the internal trips, and also it can be so influential in decreasing the air pollution and in the following its harmful effects on health issues. The mathematical model of rebalancing multi-zone BSS with mobile stations and applying maintenance constraints in a static status is considered in this research. The objective function of this research is a single-objective one, which is modeled with the aims of reducing the costs of traveled distances by the tracks within and outside the zones, reducing the costs of intact and defective bicycles transportation within and outside the zones, and eventually, reducing the costs of surplus bicycles depot at the stations. This issue is a multi-product one that includes different types of bicycles and balancing tracks. Computational results confirm the model’s efficiency. Also, sensitivity analysis has been done to prove that the model is affected by both parameters of storage costs of surplus bicycles and transportation costs within and outside the zones.
{"title":"PROPOSING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BALANCING THE INVENTORY OF MULTI-ZONE BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEMS WITH MOBILE STATIONS AND APPLYING MAINTENANCE CONSTRAINTS","authors":"F. kaveh, H. Shirouyehzad, S. Zolfani, S. Arabzad","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.16720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16720","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the necessity of developing transportation infrastructures and its increasing importance in urban issues, nowadays in different cities, bicycles are considered the main and sustainable vehicle along with walking and drawing more attention day by day. The case considers highly paramount since preservation of the environment, natural resources, and energy is one of the significant pillars of sustainable development, and urban transportation intensively influences it. Thus, Bicycle Sharing System (BSS) is recognized as an innovative urban transportation option that meets the citizens’ demand for commuting during the day. The BSS can highly affect the level of citizens’ health, and it can be counted as one of the leading health programs whether it’s added to the public transportation system, it can help the culture to be created to use bicycles instead of cars in most of the internal trips, and also it can be so influential in decreasing the air pollution and in the following its harmful effects on health issues. The mathematical model of rebalancing multi-zone BSS with mobile stations and applying maintenance constraints in a static status is considered in this research. The objective function of this research is a single-objective one, which is modeled with the aims of reducing the costs of traveled distances by the tracks within and outside the zones, reducing the costs of intact and defective bicycles transportation within and outside the zones, and eventually, reducing the costs of surplus bicycles depot at the stations. This issue is a multi-product one that includes different types of bicycles and balancing tracks. Computational results confirm the model’s efficiency. Also, sensitivity analysis has been done to prove that the model is affected by both parameters of storage costs of surplus bicycles and transportation costs within and outside the zones.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86917951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.17116
Mindaugas Martišius, H. Sivilevičius
Transport industry with its infrastructure sector is one the main sources of GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In parallel, this industry has the main part on gross domestic product of a high transport transit countries with a develop road network. Transport infrastructure (TI) must be continuously developed, improved, and carefully maintained accordingly traffic and goods flow with respect to safety and emissions. Renewable resources, such as Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and energy from sustainable sources are the main accents reducing carbon emissions in the industry. The comparison outlook of different technologies emissions in a Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) with RAP production at Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP) are presented in this paper. CO2 emissions comparison of different RAP additions models and fuel types was analysed. The calculation model was presented for carbon emissions in most critical GHG generated AM production stage as new aggregates and RAP drying and heating.
{"title":"THE MODELLING OF EMISSIONS EVALUATION AT ASPHALT MIXING PLANT IN HOT RECYCLING","authors":"Mindaugas Martišius, H. Sivilevičius","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.17116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17116","url":null,"abstract":"Transport industry with its infrastructure sector is one the main sources of GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In parallel, this industry has the main part on gross domestic product of a high transport transit countries with a develop road network. Transport infrastructure (TI) must be continuously developed, improved, and carefully maintained accordingly traffic and goods flow with respect to safety and emissions. Renewable resources, such as Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and energy from sustainable sources are the main accents reducing carbon emissions in the industry. The comparison outlook of different technologies emissions in a Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) with RAP production at Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP) are presented in this paper. CO2 emissions comparison of different RAP additions models and fuel types was analysed. The calculation model was presented for carbon emissions in most critical GHG generated AM production stage as new aggregates and RAP drying and heating.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79553876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.16985
N. Slavinskaitė, N. Batarlienė
Safe transport of dangerous goods by railway is an important challenge for both national and international freight transport. The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most demanding transportation technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by railway and to define the main factors, which affect the transport of such goods by railway. Scientific literature was analysed, statistics were provided, and a qualitative survey was conducted. The factors of 3 groupas that have the greatest impact on the safe transport of dangerous goods by railway were studied and identified. The obtained results were processed using the Kendall’s rank correlation method, and the consistency of the expert opinions was clarified using the fit coefficient. Using the medium-distance transformation weights (Average Rank Transformation Into Weight – ARTIW) method, the main normalized subjective weighting factors that most influence the conditions of transport of dangerous goods for safe transport have been identified. The results of the study revealed that the main factors of Group I that have the greatest impact on the accident of dangerous goods by railway, are: complete preparation of the train, driver’s confidence in the safety systems of the locomotive and improper loading of cargo. The most important technical-technological factors of Group II, which have the greatest impact on the accident occurring in the transportation of dangerous goods by railway, are: technical condition of the locomotive, tightness of railway tanks (wagons) and marking of wagons carrying dangerous goods. Key organizational factors for Group III to consider before dangerous goods are transported by railway are: risks related to freight forwarding, identification of chemical properties of freight and driver qualification. The key factors in these three groups can be used to develop models to make the transport of dangerous goods by railway safer and more efficient.
铁路危险货物的安全运输是国内外货物运输面临的重要挑战。危险品运输是要求最高的运输技术之一。本文的目的是评估铁路危险货物运输的条件，并确定影响铁路危险货物运输的主要因素。对科学文献进行分析，提供统计数据，并进行定性调查。对铁路危险货物安全运输影响最大的3类因素进行了研究和识别。对所得结果进行肯德尔秩相关法处理，并用拟合系数澄清专家意见的一致性。采用中距离变换权重(Average Rank transformation Into Weight - ARTIW)方法，确定了对危险品运输条件影响最大的主要归一化主观加权因素，以实现安全运输。研究结果表明，对铁路危险货物事故影响最大的第一类因素主要有:列车准备齐全、驾驶员对机车安全系统的信心和货物装载不当。在铁路危险货物运输中，对发生事故影响最大的第二类技术因素是:机车的技术条件、铁路罐车(车厢)的密封性和载运危险货物的车厢的标志。在危险品通过铁路运输之前，第三组需要考虑的关键组织因素是:与货运代理相关的风险、货物化学性质的识别和驾驶员资格。这三组中的关键因素可以用来开发模型，使铁路危险品运输更安全，更高效。
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY CONDITIONS IN THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY RAILWAY","authors":"N. Slavinskaitė, N. Batarlienė","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.16985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16985","url":null,"abstract":"Safe transport of dangerous goods by railway is an important challenge for both national and international freight transport. The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most demanding transportation technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by railway and to define the main factors, which affect the transport of such goods by railway. Scientific literature was analysed, statistics were provided, and a qualitative survey was conducted. The factors of 3 groupas that have the greatest impact on the safe transport of dangerous goods by railway were studied and identified. The obtained results were processed using the Kendall’s rank correlation method, and the consistency of the expert opinions was clarified using the fit coefficient. Using the medium-distance transformation weights (Average Rank Transformation Into Weight – ARTIW) method, the main normalized subjective weighting factors that most influence the conditions of transport of dangerous goods for safe transport have been identified. The results of the study revealed that the main factors of Group I that have the greatest impact on the accident of dangerous goods by railway, are: complete preparation of the train, driver’s confidence in the safety systems of the locomotive and improper loading of cargo. The most important technical-technological factors of Group II, which have the greatest impact on the accident occurring in the transportation of dangerous goods by railway, are: technical condition of the locomotive, tightness of railway tanks (wagons) and marking of wagons carrying dangerous goods. Key organizational factors for Group III to consider before dangerous goods are transported by railway are: risks related to freight forwarding, identification of chemical properties of freight and driver qualification. The key factors in these three groups can be used to develop models to make the transport of dangerous goods by railway safer and more efficient.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86581575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.16919
Paulius Kojis, E. Šabanovič, Viktor Skrickij
This research presents a data-driven Neural Network (NN)-based Virtual Sensor (VS) that estimates vehicles’ Unsprung Mass (UM) vertical velocity in real-time. UM vertical velocity is an input parameter used to control a vehicle’s semi-active suspension. The extensive simulation-based dataset covering 95 scenarios was created and used to obtain training, validation and testing data for Deep Neural Network (DNN). The simulations have been performed with an experimentally validated full vehicle model using software for advanced vehicle dynamics simulation. VS was developed and tested, taking into account the Root Mean Square (RMS) of Sprung Mass (SM) acceleration as a comfort metric. The RMS was calculated for two cases: using actual UM velocity and estimations from the VS as input to the suspension controller. The comparison shows that RMS change is less than the difference threshold that vehicle occupants could perceive. The achieved result indicates the great potential of using the proposed VS in place of the physical sensor in vehicles.
{"title":"DEEP NEURAL NETWORK BASED DATA-DRIVEN VIRTUAL SENSOR IN VEHICLE SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION REAL-TIME CONTROL","authors":"Paulius Kojis, E. Šabanovič, Viktor Skrickij","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.16919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16919","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a data-driven Neural Network (NN)-based Virtual Sensor (VS) that estimates vehicles’ Unsprung Mass (UM) vertical velocity in real-time. UM vertical velocity is an input parameter used to control a vehicle’s semi-active suspension. The extensive simulation-based dataset covering 95 scenarios was created and used to obtain training, validation and testing data for Deep Neural Network (DNN). The simulations have been performed with an experimentally validated full vehicle model using software for advanced vehicle dynamics simulation. VS was developed and tested, taking into account the Root Mean Square (RMS) of Sprung Mass (SM) acceleration as a comfort metric. The RMS was calculated for two cases: using actual UM velocity and estimations from the VS as input to the suspension controller. The comparison shows that RMS change is less than the difference threshold that vehicle occupants could perceive. The achieved result indicates the great potential of using the proposed VS in place of the physical sensor in vehicles.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.3846/transport.2022.16851
Wencheng Huang, B. Shuai, Yonghui Shen
In order to analysing the oil and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import and consumption changing trends, the Occurrence Period (OP), Growth Period (GP) and Maturation Period (MP) of oil and LNG import and consumption in China, and studying how the oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends influence the development of China–Pakistan oil and LNG transportation corridor (CPOLTC), in this paper we apply a Growth Curve Model (GCM) based approach to solve the problems mentioned above. First, the Chinese oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends are analysed by applying the GCM. The results show that oil and LNG consumption and import belong to the GP because of the fast industrialization and urbanization development, so the oil and LNG import and consumption demand will increase fast; Then, the External Dependence (ED) is applied to describe the oil and LNG consumption dependence degree in China, the results show that import will remain high ED value, especially for the oil import (over 70%), which means the security of the energy supply chain still remains the central idea of Chin’s energy policies. Finally, the challenges and key issues of CPOLTC is analysed. Challenges are: domestic political struggles and institutional defects in Pakistan make the CPOLTC projects lacking of implementation, security along the corridor, influence and competition from external forces, impacts of western project culture, the comprehensive projects establishment ability in Pakistan, etc. The key issues are: Value Engineering (VE) researches for projects, Chinese element such as project construction, management, standards and specifications, assessment of the projects’ life cycle and so on.
{"title":"USING GROWTH CURVES MODEL TO ANALYSE THE PROSPECTS OF CHINA–PAKISTAN OIL AND LNG TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR","authors":"Wencheng Huang, B. Shuai, Yonghui Shen","doi":"10.3846/transport.2022.16851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16851","url":null,"abstract":"In order to analysing the oil and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import and consumption changing trends, the Occurrence Period (OP), Growth Period (GP) and Maturation Period (MP) of oil and LNG import and consumption in China, and studying how the oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends influence the development of China–Pakistan oil and LNG transportation corridor (CPOLTC), in this paper we apply a Growth Curve Model (GCM) based approach to solve the problems mentioned above. First, the Chinese oil and LNG import and consumption changing trends are analysed by applying the GCM. The results show that oil and LNG consumption and import belong to the GP because of the fast industrialization and urbanization development, so the oil and LNG import and consumption demand will increase fast; Then, the External Dependence (ED) is applied to describe the oil and LNG consumption dependence degree in China, the results show that import will remain high ED value, especially for the oil import (over 70%), which means the security of the energy supply chain still remains the central idea of Chin’s energy policies. Finally, the challenges and key issues of CPOLTC is analysed. Challenges are: domestic political struggles and institutional defects in Pakistan make the CPOLTC projects lacking of implementation, security along the corridor, influence and competition from external forces, impacts of western project culture, the comprehensive projects establishment ability in Pakistan, etc. The key issues are: Value Engineering (VE) researches for projects, Chinese element such as project construction, management, standards and specifications, assessment of the projects’ life cycle and so on.","PeriodicalId":23260,"journal":{"name":"Transport","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89275256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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