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Funneliformis mosseae potentiates defense mechanisms of citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans. 疫霉能增强柑橘根茎对柑橘线虫 Tylenchulus semipenetrans 的防御机制。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae097
Iman Shahabi, Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh, Amirreza Amirmijani, Majid Pedram, Mohammad Reza Atighi

Using integrated pest management without relying on chemical pesticides is one of the most attractive approaches to controlling plant pathogens. Among them, using resistant cultivars or rootstocks against diseases in combination with beneficial microorganisms has attracted special attention. The citrus nematode is one of the major constraints of citrus cultivation worldwide. We showed that the mycorrhizal arbuscular fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, increased growth parameters including shoot and root length and biomass of two main rootstocks of citrus, sour orange and Volkamer lemon, in noninfected and infected plants with citrus nematode. It decreased the infection rate by citrus nematode in both rootstocks compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. The rate of decrease in nematode infection was highest when plants were pre-inoculated with F. mosseae and was lowest when nematode was inoculated before F. mosseae. However, when nematode was inoculated before the fungus, the fungus was still able to mitigate the negative effect of infection by nematode compared with plants inoculated with nematode only. This suggests that the timing of inoculation plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of F. mosseae in reducing nematode infection. Moreover, monitoring of the expression of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, which are involved in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) showed that although they were significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, they showed the highest expression when plants were pretreated with fungus before nematode inoculation, thus, indicating that plants were primed. In summary, F. mosseae primes the defense-related genes involved in SAR, increasing plant defensive capacity and boosting growth parameters in citrus rootstock. This has important implications for the agricultural industry.

不依赖化学农药而采用病虫害综合防治是控制植物病原体最有吸引力的方法之一。其中,利用抗病栽培品种或砧木与有益微生物相结合防治病害的方法尤其受到关注。柑橘线虫是全球柑橘种植的主要制约因素之一。我们的研究表明,在未感染柑橘线虫和已感染柑橘线虫的植株中,菌根丛生真菌 Funneliformis mosseae 能提高两种主要柑橘砧木(酸橙和沃尔卡默柠檬)的生长参数,包括芽和根的长度以及生物量。与不施菌根的植物相比,它降低了两种根茎的柑橘线虫感染率。当植株预先接种 F. mosseae 时,线虫感染的降低率最高,而在 F. mosseae 之前接种线虫时,线虫感染的降低率最低。然而,当线虫接种在真菌之前时,与只接种线虫的植物相比,真菌仍能减轻线虫感染的负面影响。这表明,接种的时机对 F. mosseae 减少线虫感染的效果起着至关重要的作用。此外,对参与系统获得性抗性(SAR)的苯丙氨酸氨解酶(PAL)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶这两个基因的表达进行的监测表明,虽然与非菌根植物相比,菌根植物中这两个基因的表达显著上调,但在接种线虫之前用真菌对植物进行预处理时,这两个基因的表达量最高,这表明植物已经做好了接种准备。总之,F. mosseae 触发了参与 SAR 的防御相关基因,增强了植物的防御能力,提高了柑橘根茎的生长参数,这对农业生产具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing the forest for the trees: upscaling approaches in Tree Physiology. 只见树木不见森林:树木生理学的升级方法。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae119
Maurizio Mencuccini
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling intra-population functional variability patterns in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) population from the southern range edge: drought resistance, post-drought recovery and phenotypic plasticity. 揭示欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)南部分布边缘种群的种群内功能变异模式:抗旱性、旱后恢复和表型可塑性。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae107
David Sánchez-Gómez, Ismael Aranda

Understanding covariation patterns of drought resistance, post-drought recovery and phenotypic plasticity, and their variability at the intra-population level are crucial for predicting forest vulnerability to increasing aridity. This knowledge is particularly urgent at the trailing range edge since, in these areas, tree species are proximal to their ecological niche boundaries. While this proximity increases their susceptibility, these populations are recognized as valuable genetic reservoirs against environmental stressors. The conservation of this genetic variability is critical for the adaptive capacity of the species in the current context of climate change. Here we examined intra-population patterns of stem basal growth, gas exchange and other leaf functional traits in response to an experimental drought in seedlings of 16 open-pollinated families within a marginal population of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from its southern range edge. We found a high degree of intra-population variation in leaf functional traits, photosynthetic performance, growth patterns and phenotypic plasticity in response to water availability. Low phenotypic plasticity was associated with higher resistance to drought. Both drought resistance and post-drought recovery of photosynthetic performance varied between maternal lines. However, drought resistance and post-drought recovery exhibited independent variation. We also found intra-population variation in stomatal sensitivity to soil drying, but it was not associated with either drought resistance or post-drought recovery. We conclude that an inverse relationship between phenotypic plasticity and drought resistance is not necessarily a sign of maladaptive plasticity, but rather it may reflect stability of functional performance and hence adaptation to withstand drought. The independent variation found between drought resistance and post-drought recovery should facilitate to some extent microevolution and adaption to increasing aridity. The observed variability in stomatal sensitivity to soil drying was consistent with previous findings at other scales (e.g., inter-specific variation, inter-population variation) that challenge the iso-anisohydric concept as a reliable surrogate of drought tolerance.

了解抗旱性、旱后恢复和表型可塑性的共变模式及其在种群内部的变异性,对于预测森林面对日益干旱的脆弱性至关重要。这方面的知识在迹地边缘尤为迫切,因为在这些地区,树种已接近其生态位边界。虽然这种接近性增加了它们的易感性,但这些种群被认为是抵御环境压力的宝贵基因库。在当前气候变化的背景下,保护这种基因变异性对物种的适应能力至关重要。在这里,我们研究了欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)南部边缘种群中 16 个开放授粉家系的幼苗对试验性干旱的茎基部生长、气体交换和其他叶片功能特征的种群内模式。我们发现,在叶片功能特征、光合作用表现、生长模式和表型可塑性方面,种群内部对水分供应的反应存在很大差异。低表型可塑性与高抗旱性相关。不同母本品系的抗旱性和旱后光合作用恢复能力都有差异。然而,抗旱性和旱后恢复表现出独立的差异。我们还发现气孔对土壤干燥的敏感性在种群内存在差异,但这与抗旱性和旱后恢复能力都无关。我们的结论是,表型可塑性与抗旱性之间的反比关系并不一定是适应性可塑性不良的表现,相反,它可能反映了功能表现的稳定性,从而适应干旱。抗旱性与旱后恢复之间的独立变异在一定程度上促进了微进化和对日益干旱的适应。观察到的气孔对土壤干燥敏感性的变异与之前在其他尺度上的发现(如种间变异、种群间变异)一致,这对将等无水概念作为耐旱性的可靠替代物提出了挑战。
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引用次数: 0
An in situ 15N labeling experiment unveils distinct responses to N application approaches in a mountain beech forest. 原位 15N 标记实验揭示了山毛榉林对氮施用方法的不同反应。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae104
Luca Da Ros, Mirco Rodeghiero, Maurizio Ventura, Roberto Tognetti, Giustino Tonon, Damiano Gianelle

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has notably increased since the industrial revolution, doubling N inputs to terrestrial ecosystems. This could mitigate N limitations in forests, potentially enhancing productivity and carbon sequestration. However, excessive N can lead to forest N saturation, causing issues like soil acidification, nutrient imbalances, biodiversity loss, increased tree mortality and a potential net greenhouse gas emission. Traditional experiments often overlook the canopy's role in N fate, focusing instead on direct N addition to the forest floor. In our study, we applied 20 kg N ha y-1 of labeled 15NH415NO3 solution (δ15N = 30‰) both above and below the canopy, maintaining also control plots. We assessed ecosystem components before and after treatment, calculated N stocks, and used mass balance for fertilizer recovery analysis. Findings revealed that the above-canopy N addition intercepted up to 31 ± 4% of added N in foliage, a significant contrast to the negligible recovery in leaves with below-canopy treatment. Overall plant recovery was higher in the above-canopy treatment (43 ± 11%) compared with below (9 ± 24%). Post-vegetative season, about 15 ± 1% of above-canopy added N was transferred to soil via litterfall, indicating substantial N reabsorption or loss through volatilization, stemflow or throughfall. In contrast, the below-canopy approach resulted in just 4.0 ± 0.6% recovery via litterfall. These results highlight a significant difference in N fate based on the application method. Nitrogen applied to the canopy showed distinct recovery in transient compartments like foliage. However, over a few months, there was no noticeable change in N recovery in long-lived tissues across treatments. This implies that N application strategy does not significantly alter the distribution of simulated wet N deposition in high Carbon/N tissues, underscoring the complex dynamics of forest N cycling.

自工业革命以来,大气中的氮沉降量显著增加,使陆地生态系统的氮输入量翻了一番。这可以缓解森林中的氮限制,潜在地提高生产力和碳吸收。然而,过量的氮会导致森林氮饱和,造成土壤酸化、养分失衡、生物多样性丧失、树木死亡率增加等问题,并可能造成温室气体净排放。传统的实验通常会忽略树冠在氮的归宿中的作用,而将重点放在直接向林地添加氮上。在我们的研究中,我们在树冠上下各施用了 20 kg N ha y-1 的标记 15NH415NO3 溶液(δ15N = 30 ‰),同时还保留了对照地块。我们评估了处理前后的生态系统成分,计算了氮储量,并利用质量平衡进行了肥料回收分析。研究结果表明,树冠上方的氮添加可在叶片中截获 31 ± 4% 的氮添加量,这与树冠下方处理时叶片中可忽略不计的氮回收量形成了鲜明对比。与树冠下处理(9 ± 24%)相比,树冠上处理的植物整体恢复率更高(43 ± 11%)。植被生长季节后,树冠上方添加的氮约有 15 ± 1%通过落叶转移到土壤中,这表明大量的氮通过挥发、茎流或直通落叶被重新吸收或流失。相比之下,树冠下方法通过落叶回收的氮仅为 4.0 ± 0.6%。这些结果突显了施肥方法对氮归宿的显著影响。施用到冠层的氮在叶片等瞬时分区中表现出明显的恢复。然而,在几个月的时间里,不同处理的长效组织中氮的恢复没有明显变化。这意味着氮的施用策略不会显著改变模拟湿氮沉积在高 C/N 组织中的分布,突出了森林氮循环的复杂动态。
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引用次数: 0
Mistletoe-induced carbon, water and nutrient imbalances are imprinted on tree rings. 槲寄生引起的碳、水和养分失衡在树木年轮上留下了印记。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae106
Ester González de Andrés, Antonio Gazol, José Ignacio Querejeta, Michele Colangelo, J Julio Camarero

Mistletoes are xylem-tapping hemiparasites that rely on their hosts for water and nutrient uptake. Thus, they impair tree performance in the face of environmental stress via altering the carbon and water relations and nutritional status of trees. To improve our understanding of physiological responses to mistletoe and ongoing climate change, we investigated radial growth, stable carbon and oxygen isotopic signals, and elemental composition of tree rings in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests infested with Viscum album L. We compared temporal series (1990-2020) of basal area increment (BAI), intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios between non-infested (NI) and severely infested (SI) fir and pine trees from populations located close to the xeric distribution limit of the species in north-eastern Spain. The SI trees showed historically higher growth, but the BAI trend was negative for more than three decades before 2020 and their growth rates became significantly lower than those of NI trees by the mid-2010s. Mistletoe infestation was related to an enhanced sensitivity of radial growth to vapour pressure deficit (atmospheric drought). The SI trees showed less pronounced iWUE increases (fir) and lower iWUE values (pine) than NI trees. The lower tree-ring δ18O values of SI trees may be the result of several superimposed effects operating simultaneously, including leaf-level evaporative enrichment, source water isotopic signals, and anatomical and phenological differences. We observed a deterioration of potassium (K) nutrition in tree-ring wood of both species in SI trees, along with accumulation of manganese (Mn). We suggest that such nutritional patterns are driven by the indirect effect of mistletoe-induced drought stress, particularly in pine. The combined analyses of different physiological indicators imprinted on tree rings provided evidence of the progressive onset of carbon, water and nutrient imbalances in mistletoe-infested conifers inhabiting seasonally dry regions.

槲寄生是一种木质部吸水半寄生虫,依靠寄主吸收水分和养分。因此,它们会通过改变树木的碳、水关系和营养状况来损害树木在环境压力下的表现。为了提高我们对槲寄生和持续气候变化的生理反应的认识,我们研究了银冷杉(Abies alba)和苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris)森林中被槲寄生侵染的树木年轮的径向生长、稳定的 C 和 O 同位素信号以及元素组成。我们比较了未受侵染(NI)和严重受侵染(SI)的冷杉和松树的基部面积增量(BAI)、内在水分利用效率(iWUE)、氧同位素组成(δ18O)以及养分浓度和化学计量比的时间序列(1990-2020 年),这些树木的种群位于西班牙东北部靠近该物种干旱分布极限的地区。SI 树历来生长速度较快,但在 2020 年之前的三十多年里 BAI 呈负增长趋势,到 2010 年代中期,其生长速度明显低于 NI 树。槲寄生侵扰与径向生长对蒸汽压力不足(大气干旱)的敏感性增强有关。与 NI 树木相比,SI 树木的 iWUE 增长(杉木)不太明显,iWUE 值(松树)较低。SI树较低的树环δ18O值可能是多种叠加效应同时作用的结果,其中包括叶层蒸发富集、源水同位素信号以及解剖学和物候学差异。我们观察到,在 SI 树的两种树种的树环木材中,钾(K)的营养都在恶化,同时锰(Mn)也在积累。我们认为,这种营养模式是由槲树引起的干旱胁迫的间接影响造成的,尤其是在松树中。通过对印刻在树木年轮上的不同生理指标进行综合分析,可以证明在季节性干旱地区,受槲树侵袭的针叶树逐渐出现碳、水和营养失衡。
{"title":"Mistletoe-induced carbon, water and nutrient imbalances are imprinted on tree rings.","authors":"Ester González de Andrés, Antonio Gazol, José Ignacio Querejeta, Michele Colangelo, J Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mistletoes are xylem-tapping hemiparasites that rely on their hosts for water and nutrient uptake. Thus, they impair tree performance in the face of environmental stress via altering the carbon and water relations and nutritional status of trees. To improve our understanding of physiological responses to mistletoe and ongoing climate change, we investigated radial growth, stable carbon and oxygen isotopic signals, and elemental composition of tree rings in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests infested with Viscum album L. We compared temporal series (1990-2020) of basal area increment (BAI), intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios between non-infested (NI) and severely infested (SI) fir and pine trees from populations located close to the xeric distribution limit of the species in north-eastern Spain. The SI trees showed historically higher growth, but the BAI trend was negative for more than three decades before 2020 and their growth rates became significantly lower than those of NI trees by the mid-2010s. Mistletoe infestation was related to an enhanced sensitivity of radial growth to vapour pressure deficit (atmospheric drought). The SI trees showed less pronounced iWUE increases (fir) and lower iWUE values (pine) than NI trees. The lower tree-ring δ18O values of SI trees may be the result of several superimposed effects operating simultaneously, including leaf-level evaporative enrichment, source water isotopic signals, and anatomical and phenological differences. We observed a deterioration of potassium (K) nutrition in tree-ring wood of both species in SI trees, along with accumulation of manganese (Mn). We suggest that such nutritional patterns are driven by the indirect effect of mistletoe-induced drought stress, particularly in pine. The combined analyses of different physiological indicators imprinted on tree rings provided evidence of the progressive onset of carbon, water and nutrient imbalances in mistletoe-infested conifers inhabiting seasonally dry regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of water-use strategies in three subtropical mangrove species: a study of sap flow and gas exchange monitoring. 三种亚热带红树林物种用水策略的比较分析:树液流动和气体交换监测研究。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae102
Sipan Wu, Xiaoxuan Gu, Xiufan Peng, Luzhen Chen

Water-use strategies play a crucial role in the adaptive capabilities of mangroves to the saline intertidal conditions, yet the intricacies of daily water-use patterns in mangrove species, which are pivotal for maintaining water balance, remain poorly understood. In this comprehensive study, we aimed to clarify the water use strategies of three co-occurring mangrove species, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata, through stem sap flow monitoring, leaf gas exchange and stem diameter change measurements. Our findings revealed that the daily sap flow density of Avicennia and Aegiceras reached the peak about 1 h earlier than that of Kandelia. When transpiration was strong, Kandelia and Aegiceras used stem storage to meet water demand, while Avicennia synchronized stem water storage. These three mangrove species adopted cross-peak water used and unique stem water storage to regulate their water balance. In Kandelia, the daily sap flow in per sapwood area was significantly lower, while water-use efficiency was significantly higher than those of Avicennia and Aegiceras, indicating that Kandelia adopted a more conservative and efficient water-use strategy. Sap flow in Avicennia was the most sensitive to environmental changes, while Kandelia limited water dissipation by tightly controlling stomata. Meteorological factors (photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit and air temperature) were the main driving factors of sap flow. The increase of soil temperature can promote the water use of mangrove species, while the increase of salinity resulted in more conservative water use. Our results highlight the diversity of daily water-use strategies among the three co-occurring mangrove species, pinpointing Kandelia as the most adaptive at navigating the changing conditions of intertidal habitats in the future climate. In conclusion, our findings provide a mesoscale perspective on water-use characteristics of mangroves and also provides theoretical basis for mangroves afforestation and ecological restoration.

水利用策略对红树林适应潮间带盐碱环境的能力起着至关重要的作用,但人们对红树林物种日常水利用模式的复杂性仍知之甚少,而这种模式对维持水分平衡至关重要。在这项综合研究中,我们旨在通过茎液流监测、叶片气体交换和茎直径变化测量,阐明三种共生红树林物种(Avicennia marina、Aegiceras corniculatum和Kandelia obovata)的水分利用策略。我们的研究结果表明,Avicennia 和 Aegiceras 的日液流密度(SFD)比 Kandelia 早约一小时达到峰值。当蒸腾作用强烈时,Kandelia 和 Aegiceras 利用茎干储水来满足水分需求,而 Avicennia 则同步进行茎干储水。这三个红树林物种采用交叉峰值用水和独特的茎干蓄水来调节水分平衡。与 Avicennia 和 Aegiceras 相比,Kandelia 的单位边材面积日树液流量明显较低,而用水效率则明显较高,这表明 Kandelia 采用了更为保守和高效的用水策略。Avicennia的树液流动对环境变化最为敏感,而Kandelia则通过严格控制气孔来限制水分散失。气象因素(光合有效辐射、蒸气压差和气温)是汁液流动的主要驱动因素。土壤温度的升高可促进红树林物种的水分利用,而盐度的升高则导致更保守的水分利用。我们的研究结果突显了三种共生红树林物种日常用水策略的多样性,并指出 Kandelia 是在未来气候条件下最能适应潮间带生境变化的物种。总之,我们的研究结果从中尺度的角度揭示了红树林的用水特征,也为红树林造林和生态恢复提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
The underlying mechanisms by which boron mitigates copper toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves revealed by integrated analysis of transcriptome, metabolome and physiology. 通过对转录组、代谢组和生理学的综合分析,揭示硼能减轻中华芸香科植物叶片铜毒性的内在机制。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae099
Xu-Feng Chen, Bi-Sha Wu, Hui Yang, Qian Shen, Fei Lu, Wei-Lin Huang, Jiuxin Guo, Xin Ye, Lin-Tong Yang, Li-Song Chen

Both copper (Cu) excess and boron (B) deficiency are often observed in some citrus orchard soils. The molecular mechanisms by which B alleviates excessive Cu in citrus are poorly understood. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) were treated with 0.5 (Cu0.5) or 350 (Cu350 or Cu excess) μM CuCl2 and 2.5 (B2.5) or 25 (B25) μM HBO3 for 24 wk. Thereafter, this study examined the effects of Cu and B treatments on gene expression levels revealed by RNA-Seq, metabolite profiles revealed by a widely targeted metabolome, and related physiological parameters in leaves. Cu350 upregulated 564 genes and 170 metabolites, and downregulated 598 genes and 58 metabolites in leaves of 2.5 μM B-treated seedlings (LB2.5), but it only upregulated 281 genes and 100 metabolites, and downregulated 136 genes and 40 metabolites in leaves of 25 μM B-treated seedlings (LB25). Cu350 decreased the concentrations of sucrose and total soluble sugars and increased the concentrations of starch, glucose, fructose and total nonstructural carbohydrates in LB2.5, but it only increased the glucose concentration in LB25. Further analysis demonstrated that B addition reduced the oxidative damage and alterations in primary and secondary metabolisms caused by Cu350, and alleviated the impairment of Cu350 to photosynthesis and cell wall metabolism, thus improving leaf growth. LB2.5 exhibited some adaptive responses to Cu350 to meet the increasing need for the dissipation of excessive excitation energy (EEE) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (reactive aldehydes) and Cu. Cu350 increased photorespiration, xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation, nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and abundances; and upregulated tryptophan metabolism and related metabolite abundances, some antioxidant-related gene expression, and some antioxidant abundances. Additionally, this study identified some metabolic pathways, metabolites and genes that might lead to Cu tolerance in leaves.

在一些柑橘园土壤中,经常会发现铜(Cu)过量和硼(B)缺乏的现象。人们对硼能缓解柑橘中铜过量的分子机制知之甚少。甜橙(Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv.用 0.5(Cu0.5)或 350(Cu350 或 Cu 过量)μM CuCl2 和 2.5(B2.5)或 25(B25)μM HBO3 处理甜橙幼苗 24 周。此后,本研究考察了Cu和B处理对RNA-Seq揭示的基因表达水平、广泛靶向代谢组揭示的代谢物谱以及叶片中相关生理参数的影响。在 2.5 μM B 处理的幼苗(LB2.5)叶片中,Cu350 上调了 564 个基因和 170 个代谢物,下调了 598 个基因和 58 个代谢物;但在 25 μM B 处理的幼苗(LB25)叶片中,Cu350 只上调了 281 个基因和 100 个代谢物,下调了 136 个基因和 40 个代谢物。在 LB2.5 中,Cu350 降低了蔗糖和总可溶性糖的浓度,提高了淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖和总非结构碳水化合物(TNC)的浓度,但在 LB25 中只提高了葡萄糖的浓度。进一步的分析表明,硼的添加减少了 Cu350 对叶片的氧化损伤以及初级和次级代谢的改变;减轻了 Cu350 对光合作用和细胞壁代谢的损害,从而改善了叶片的生长。枸杞 2.5 对 Cu350 表现出了一些适应性反应,以满足对过量激发能量(EEE)耗散和活性氧(活性醛类)与 Cu 解毒日益增长的需求。Cu350 增加了光呼吸、依赖黄绿素循环的热耗散、非结构性碳水化合物积累、次生代谢物的生物合成和丰度;上调了色氨酸代谢和相关代谢物丰度,以及一些抗氧化剂相关基因的表达和一些抗氧化剂的丰度。此外,本研究还发现了一些可能导致叶片耐铜的代谢途径、代谢物和基因。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonality in embolism resistance and hydraulic capacitance jointly mediate hydraulic safety in branches and leaves of oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.). 东方栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)枝叶栓塞阻力和水力电容的季节性共同介导水力安全。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae109
Xin Huang, Zhuo-Liang Hou, Bo-Long Ma, Han Zhao, Zai-Min Jiang, Jing Cai

Seasonality in temperate regions is prominent during the era of increased climatic variability. A hydraulic trait that can adjust to seasonally changing climatic conditions is crucial for tree safety. However, little attention has been paid to the intraspecific seasonality of drought-related traits and hydraulic safety of keystone forest trees. We examined seasonal variations in the key morphological and physiological traits as well as multiple hydraulic safety margins (SMs) at the branch and leaf levels in oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.), which is predominant in Chinese temperate forests. Pneumatic measurements indicated that, as seasons progressed, the water potential at which 50% of branch embolisms occur (P50_branch) decreased from -3.34 to -4.23 MPa, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 9.08%. Sapwood capacitance ranged from 48.19 to 248.08 kg m-3 MPa-1, peaking in autumn and reaching minimum in winter (CV 60.58%). Rehydration kinetics confirmed higher leaf embolism vulnerability (P50_leaf) in spring and autumn than those in summer, with values ranging from -1.06 to -3.02 MPa (CV 39.85%). All leaf pressure-volume (PV) traits shifted with growth, with CVs ranging from 6.95% to 46.69%. Sapwood density had significant negative correlations with P50_branch and hydraulic capacitance for elastic water storage, whereas leaf mass per area was linearly associated with PV traits but not with P50_leaf. Furthermore, the branch typical SMs (difference between branch midday water potential and P50_branch) were consistently >1.84 MPa, and vulnerability segmentation was prevalent throughout, implying a plausible hydraulic foundation for the dominance of Q. variabilis. Diverse hydraulic response patterns existed across seasons, leading to positive SMs mediated by the aforementioned physiological traits. Although Q. variabilis exhibits a high level of hydraulic safety, its susceptibility to sudden summer droughts may increase due to global climate change.

在气候变异加剧的时代,温带地区的季节性非常突出。能够适应季节性变化的气候条件的水力特性对树木的安全至关重要。然而,人们很少关注骨干林木干旱相关性状的种内季节性和水力安全性。我们研究了在中国温带森林中占主导地位的东方栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)的主要形态和生理性状以及枝叶水平的多重水力安全系数(SMs)的季节性变化。气动测量结果表明,随着季节的变化,50%的枝条栓塞发生时的水势(P50_branch)从-3.34 兆帕下降到-4.23 兆帕,变异系数(CV)为 9.08%。边材容重范围为 48.19-248.08 kg m-3 MPa-1,秋季达到最高,冬季达到最低(变异系数为 60.58%)。再水化动力学证实,春秋两季的叶片易栓塞性(P50_leaf)高于夏季,其数值范围为-1.06 兆帕至-3.02 兆帕(CV 为 39.85%)。所有叶片压力-体积(PV)性状都随生长而变化,CV 值范围为 6.95-46.69%。边材密度与 P50_branch 和弹性储水液压容积呈显著负相关,而叶片单位面积质量与 PV 特性呈线性相关,但与 P50_leaf 无关。此外,树枝的典型SMs(树枝正午水势与P50_branch之间的差值)始终大于1.84 MPa,而且整个树枝普遍存在脆弱分段现象,这意味着变叶桉占优势的水力基础是可信的。不同季节存在不同的水力反应模式,导致上述生理特征介导的正安全系数。虽然变种鹅表现出较高的水力安全水平,但由于全球气候变化,其对夏季突发性干旱的易感性可能会增加。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus-induced restructuring of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and lignin biosynthesis alleviates manganese toxicity in peach roots. 磷诱导的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环和木质素生物合成重组可减轻桃根中的锰毒性。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae098
Iqra Noor, Hamza Sohail, Cao Wentao, Kaijie Zhu, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Guohuai Li, Junwei Liu

Manganese (Mn) is indispensable for plant growth, but its excessive uptake in acidic soils leads to toxicity, hampering food safety. Phosphorus (P) application is known to mitigate Mn toxicity, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic analyses of peach roots response to P supply under Mn toxicity. Manganese treatment disrupted root architecture and caused ultrastructural damage due to oxidative injury. Notably, P application ameliorated the detrimental effects and improved the damaged roots by preventing the shrinkage of cortical cells, epidermis and endodermis, as well as reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine, methionine and glutathione metabolism under Mn and P treatments. Phosphorus application upregulated the transcripts and activities of core enzymes crucial for lignin biosynthesis, enhancing cell wall integrity. Furthermore, P treatment activated ascorbate-glutathione cycle, augmenting ROS detoxification. Additionally, under Mn toxicity, P application downregulated Mn uptake transporter while enhancing vacuolar sequestration transporter transcripts, reducing Mn uptake and facilitating vacuolar storage. Collectively, P application prevents Mn accumulation in roots by modulating Mn transporters, bolstering lignin biosynthesis and attenuating oxidative stress, thereby improving root growth under Mn toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of P-mediated alleviation of Mn stress and strategies for managing metal toxicity in peach orchards.

锰(Mn)是植物生长不可或缺的元素,但在酸性土壤中过量吸收锰会导致中毒,影响食品安全。众所周知,施磷可减轻锰的毒性,但其潜在的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在此,我们对锰毒性下桃根对磷供应的反应进行了生理和转录组分析。锰处理破坏了根系结构,并因氧化损伤导致超微结构损伤。值得注意的是,施用磷可以防止皮层细胞、表皮和内皮的萎缩,并减少活性氧(ROS)的积累,从而改善有害影响和受损根系。转录组分析表明,在锰和磷处理下,富含苯丙醇类生物合成、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和谷胱甘肽代谢的基因有不同表达。施加磷可上调木质素生物合成关键核心酶的转录本和活性,增强细胞壁的完整性。此外,磷处理激活了抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环,增强了 ROS 的解毒能力。此外,在锰毒性条件下,施用磷酸盐会下调锰的吸收转运体,同时增强液泡螯合转运体的转录,从而减少锰的吸收并促进液泡贮存。总之,施用磷可以通过调节锰转运体、促进木质素生物合成和减轻氧化应激来防止根中的锰积累,从而改善锰毒性下的根系生长。我们的研究结果为了解钾介导的锰胁迫缓解机制以及桃园金属毒性管理策略提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: PtoMYB142, a poplar R2R3-MYB transcription factor, contributes to drought tolerance by regulating wax biosynthesis. 更正:PtoMYB142是一种杨树R2R3-MYB转录因子,通过调节蜡的生物合成提高耐旱性。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae123
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引用次数: 0
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Tree physiology
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