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Xylem conduit widening: globally convergent yet variable. 木质部导管拓宽:全球趋同但又各不相同。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae089
Patrick Fonti, Antoine Cabon
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Xylem cell size regulation is a key adaptive response to water deficit in Eucalyptus grandis. 更正:木质部细胞大小调节是桉树对缺水的关键适应性反应
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae108
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引用次数: 0
Inter-generational consistency of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a mixed pine-cedar post-fire stand. 松杉混交林火后外生菌根真菌群落的代际一致性。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae094
Stav Livne-Luzon, Mor Avidar, Lior Herol, Ido Rog, Tamir Klein, Hagai Shemesh

The mutualistic interaction between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can have a major effect on forest dynamics and specifically on seedling establishment. Here, we compared the EMF community composition associated with the roots of young saplings and mature trees of two co-habiting Pinaceae: Pinus halepensis and Cedrus deodara growing together in a post-fire forest plot, using fungal ITS metabarcoding. We found that the differences in the EMF community between the two sapling groups were mostly attributed to changes in the relative abundance of specific fungal species, with little species turnover. Specifically, Tomentella showed high abundance on pine roots, while Tuber, Russula and Sebacina were more common on the roots of cedars. The physical proximity to a specific host species was correlated with the EMF community composition of young saplings. Specifically, regardless of the sapling's own identity, the roots of saplings growing next to mature cedars had higher abundance of Tuber species, while Tomentella coerulea (Höhn. & Litsch), Russula densifolia (Secr. ex Gillet) and Tuber nitidum (Vittadini) dominated saplings next to mature pines. Cedar saplings' shoot structure was correlated with a specific EMF species. Overall, these results suggest that when germinating next to mature trees, the EMF community of saplings could be determined by extrinsic factors such as the small-scale distribution of mature trees in the forest.

树木与外生菌根真菌(EMF)之间的相互影响会对森林动态,特别是对幼苗的建立产生重大影响。在这里,我们利用真菌 ITS 代谢编码技术,比较了在火灾后森林地块中共同生长的两种共生松科植物--欧洲赤松(Pinus halepensis)和雪松(Cedrus deodara)--幼苗和成龄树根部相关的 EMF 群落组成。我们发现,两组树苗之间电磁场群落的差异主要归因于特定真菌物种相对丰度的变化,而物种更替很少。具体来说,松树根部的 Tomentella 数量较多,而雪松根部的 Tuber、Russula 和 Sebacina 则更为常见。与特定寄主物种的物理距离与幼苗的电磁场群落组成有关。具体来说,无论树苗本身的身份如何,生长在成熟雪松旁的树苗根部都有较多的块菌物种,而生长在成熟松树旁的树苗则以 Tomentella coerulea、Russula densifolia 和 Tuber nitidum 为主。雪松树苗的嫩枝结构与特定的电磁场物种有关。总之,这些结果表明,当树苗在成熟树木旁发芽时,其电磁场群落可能由森林中成熟树木的小规模分布等外在因素决定。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveal the differential tolerance mechanisms to low and high salinity in the roots of facultative halophyte Avicennia marina. 转录组和代谢组的综合分析揭示了兼性盐生植物 Avicennia marina 根系对高低盐度的不同耐受机制。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae082
Jing Li, Chao-Qun Xu, Ling-Yu Song, Ze-Jun Guo, Lu-Dan Zhang, Han-Chen Tang, Ji-Cheng Wang, Shi-Wei Song, Jing-Wen Liu, You-Hui Zhong, Bing-Jie Chi, Xue-Yi Zhu, Hai-Lei Zheng

Mangroves perform a crucial ecological role along the tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal zone where salinity fluctuation occurs frequently. However, the differential responses of mangrove plant at the combined transcriptome and metabolome level to variable salinity are not well documented. In this study, we used Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., a pioneer species of mangrove wetlands and one of the most salt-tolerant mangroves, to investigate the differential salt tolerance mechanisms under low and high salinity using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that HAK8 was up-regulated and transported K+ into the roots under low salinity. However, under high salinity, AKT1 and NHX2 were strongly induced, which indicated the transport of K+ and Na+ compartmentalization to maintain ion homeostasis. In addition, A. marina tolerates low salinity by up-regulating ABA signaling pathway and accumulating more mannitol, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids' and L-ascorbic acid in the roots. Under high salinity, A. marina undergoes a more drastic metabolic network rearrangement in the roots, such as more L-ascorbic acid and oxiglutatione were up-regulated, while carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids were down-regulated in the roots, and, finally, glycolysis and TCA cycle were promoted to provide more energy to improve salt tolerance. Our findings suggest that the major salt tolerance traits in A. marina can be attributed to complex regulatory and signaling mechanisms, and show significant differences between low and high salinity.

红树林在盐度波动频繁的热带和亚热带沿海潮间带发挥着重要的生态作用。然而,红树植物在转录组和代谢组水平上对盐度变化的不同反应还没有很好的记录。在本研究中,我们以红树林湿地的先锋物种、最耐盐的红树林之一 Avicennia marina 为研究对象,利用 ICP-MS、转录组和代谢组分析方法研究了其在低盐度和高盐度下的不同耐盐机制。结果表明,在低盐度条件下,HAK8上调并将K+运入根部。然而,在高盐度条件下,AKT1和NHX2被强烈诱导,这表明K+和Na+的运输分区可维持离子平衡。此外,马利筋草通过上调 ABA 信号通路和在根部积累更多的甘露醇、不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸和 L-抗坏血酸来耐受低盐度。在高盐度条件下,A. marina 的根系发生了更剧烈的代谢网络重排,如更多的 L-抗坏血酸和氧化还原酶被上调,而碳水化合物、脂类和氨基酸在根系中被下调,最后促进糖酵解和 TCA 循环,以提供更多的能量来提高耐盐性。我们的研究结果表明,滨藜的主要耐盐性状可归因于复杂的调控和信号转导机制,并在低盐度和高盐度之间表现出显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Intraspecific variation in photosynthetic thermal acclimation in Fagus crenata seedlings from two populations growing at different elevations in northern Japan. 生长在日本北部不同海拔地区的两个种群的 Fagus crenata 幼苗在光合作用热适应性方面的种内差异。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae093
Yasuaki Akaji, Takeshi Torimaru, Shinji Akada

Plants can acclimate their photosynthesis to growth temperature, but the contribution of local adaptation to intraspecific variation in thermal acclimation of photosynthesis is not fully understood. Here, we experimentally investigated the photosynthetic thermal acclimation in Fagus crenata Blume seedlings from two populations growing at different elevations and temperature regimes (low- and high-elevation sites) in northern Japan. We acclimated seedlings for 14 to 23 days at daytime temperatures of either 22 °C (control) or 27 °C (warm treatment) and obtained photosynthetic temperature-response curves in the range of 19 to 32 °C. The optimum temperature of photosynthesis (Topt) was ~0.6 °C higher in seedlings acclimated at 27 °C than in those acclimated at 22 °C, and it was significantly lower in seedlings with higher stomatal sensitivity to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit than in those with lower sensitivity. The effects of warm treatment, population and treatment-population interaction on Topt were not significant in the two-way analysis of variance, but the effect of treatment became significant when stomatal sensitivity to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit was included as a covariate in the model. Structural equation modeling indicated that seedlings with lower root biomass had lower Topt because of the high stomatal sensitivity to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit. Structural equation modelling also indicated that the way of shifting the Topt differed between the two populations: seedlings from a high-elevation site depended on decreasing photosynthetic rates at low temperatures for the increase in Topt but seedlings from a low-elevation site did not. We suggest that the difference in thermal acclimation of photosynthesis between the two populations may reflect adaptation to different climate regimes and that belowground traits should be considered when investigating thermal acclimation capacity, especially in seedlings.

植物的光合作用可以适应生长温度,但局部适应对光合作用热适应性种内差异的贡献还不完全清楚。在此,我们通过实验研究了生长在日本北部不同海拔高度和温度制度(低海拔和高海拔地点)的两个种群的Fagus crenata幼苗的光合作用热适应性。我们在 22 °C(对照)或 27 °C(温暖处理)的白天温度下对幼苗进行了 14-23 天的驯化,并获得了 19 至 32 °C 范围内的光合温度响应曲线。在 27 °C 下驯化的幼苗的光合作用最适温度(Topt)比在 22 °C 下驯化的幼苗高约 0.6 °C,而且气孔对叶片对空气蒸气压差(VPD)敏感性较高的幼苗的最适温度明显低于敏感性较低的幼苗。在双向方差分析中,温暖处理、种群和处理与种群交互作用对 Topt 的影响不显著,但当气孔对叶片对空气蒸气压差的敏感性作为协变量纳入模型时,处理的影响变得显著。结构方程模型(SEM)表明,根系生物量较低的幼苗由于气孔对叶片对空气VPD的敏感性较高,Topt较低。结构方程建模(SEM)还表明,两个种群改变 Topt 的方式不同:来自高海拔地区的幼苗依靠降低低温下的光合速率来增加 Topt,而来自低海拔地区的幼苗则不然。我们认为,两个种群之间光合作用热适应能力的差异可能反映了对不同气候制度的适应,在研究热适应能力时应考虑地下特征,尤其是幼苗的热适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Stimulated photosynthesis of regrowth after fire in coastal scrub vegetation: increased water or nutrient availability? 沿海灌丛植被火灾后重新生长的光合作用受到刺激:水或养分供应增加?
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae079
Erin I E Rogers, Kazi R Mehnaz, David S Ellsworth

Fire-prone landscapes experience frequent fires, disrupting above-ground biomass and altering below-ground soil nutrient availability. Augmentation of leaf nutrients or leaf water balance can both reduce limitations to photosynthesis and facilitate post-fire recovery in plants. These modes of fire responses are often studied separately and hence are rarely compared. We hypothesized that under severe burning, woody plants of a coastal scrub ecosystem would have higher rates of photosynthesis (Anet) than in unburned areas due to a transient release from leaf nutrient and water limitations, facilitating biomass recovery post-burn. To compare these fire recovery mechanisms in regrowing plants, we measured leaf gas exchange, leaf and soil N and P concentrations, and plant stomatal limitations in Australian native coastal scrub species across a burn sequence of sites at 1 year after severe fire, 7 years following a light controlled fire, and decades after any fire at North Head, Sydney, Australia. Recent burning stimulated increases in Anet by 20% over unburned trees and across three tree species. These species showed increases in total leaf N and P as a result of burning of 28% and 50% for these macronutrients, respectively, across the three species. The boost in leaf nutrients and stimulated leaf biochemical capacity for photosynthesis, alongside species-specific stomatal conductance (gs) increases, together contributed to increased photosynthetic rates after burning compared with the long-unburned area. Photosynthetic stimulation after burning occurred due to increases in nutrient concentrations in leaves, particularly N, as well as stomatal opening for some species. The findings suggest that changes in species photosynthesis and growth with increased future fire intensity or frequency may be facilitated by changes in leaf physiology after burning. On this basis, species dominance during regrowth depends on nutrient and water availability during post-fire recovery.

火灾频发的地貌会频繁发生火灾,破坏地上生物量并改变地下土壤养分的可用性。增加叶片养分或叶片水分平衡既能减少光合作用的限制,又能促进植物的火后恢复。这些火灾反应模式通常是分开研究的,因此很少进行比较。我们假设,在严重焚烧的情况下,沿海灌丛生态系统的木本植物会比未焚烧地区具有更高的光合作用率(Anet),这是由于叶片养分和水分限制的瞬时释放,促进了焚烧后的生物量恢复。为了比较重新生长植物的这些火灾恢复机制,我们在澳大利亚悉尼北海德测量了澳大利亚原生沿海灌丛物种的叶片气体交换、叶片和土壤中氮、磷浓度以及植物气孔限制,这些数据跨越了严重火灾后一年、轻度控制火灾后七年以及任何火灾后数十年的火灾地点序列。与未燃烧的树木相比,最近的燃烧使三种树木的 Anet 增加了 20%。这些树种的叶片总氮和总磷在燃烧后分别增加了28%和50%,三种树种的叶片总氮和叶片总磷在燃烧后分别增加了28%和50%,三种树种的叶片总氮和叶片总磷在燃烧后分别增加了28%和50%。叶片 N 和 P 的增加以及叶片光合作用生化能力的提高,再加上特定树种 gs 的增加,共同促成了焚烧后光合作用速率比长期未焚烧区域的光合作用速率更高。焚烧后光合作用受刺激的原因是叶片中养分浓度(尤其是氮)的增加,以及某些物种气孔的开放。研究结果表明,随着未来火灾强度或频率的增加,焚烧后叶片生理机能的变化可能会促进物种光合作用和生长的变化。在此基础上,物种在重新生长期间的优势取决于火灾后恢复期间的养分和水分供应情况。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Contrasting water-use strategies revealed by species-specific transpiration dynamics in the Caatinga dry forest. 更正:卡廷加旱林中物种特异性蒸腾动态所揭示的截然不同的用水策略
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae096
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引用次数: 0
Towards accurate monitoring of water content in woody tissue across tropical forests and other biomes. 实现对热带森林和其他生物群落中木质组织含水量的精确监测。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae076
Lion R Martius, Maurizio Mencuccini, Paulo R L Bittencourt, Moisés Moraes Alves, Oliver Binks, Pablo Sanchez-Martinez, Antonio C L da Costa, Patrick Meir

Forest ecosystems face increasing drought exposure due to climate change, necessitating accurate measurements of vegetation water content to assess drought stress and tree mortality risks. Although Frequency Domain Reflectometry offers a viable method for monitoring stem water content by measuring dielectric permittivity, challenges arise from uncertainties in sensor calibration linked to wood properties and species variability, impeding its wider usage. We sampled tropical forest trees and palms in eastern Amazônia to evaluate how sensor output differences are controlled by wood density, temperature and taxonomic identity. Three individuals per species were felled and cut into segments within a diverse dataset comprising five dicotyledonous tree and three monocotyledonous palm species on a wide range of wood densities. Water content was estimated gravimetrically for each segment using a temporally explicit wet-up/dry-down approach and the relationship with the dielectric permittivity was examined. Woody tissue density had no significant impact on the calibration, but species identity and temperature significantly affected sensor readings. The temperature artefact was quantitatively important at large temperature differences, which may have led to significant bias of daily and seasonal water content dynamics in previous studies. We established the first tropical tree and palm calibration equation which performed well for estimating water content. Notably, we demonstrated that the sensitivity remained consistent across species, enabling the creation of a simplified one-slope calibration for accurate, species-independent measurements of relative water content. Our one-slope calibration serves as a general, species-independent standard calibration for assessing relative water content in woody tissue, offering a valuable tool for quantifying drought responses and stress in trees and forest ecosystems.

由于气候变化,森林生态系统面临的干旱风险越来越大,因此需要对植被含水量进行精确测量,以评估干旱压力和树木死亡风险。虽然频域反射测量法通过测量介电常数为监测茎干含水量提供了一种可行的方法,但由于传感器校准的不确定性与木材特性和物种变异有关,从而阻碍了其广泛应用。我们对阿马佐尼亚东部的热带林木和棕榈树进行了采样,以评估木材密度、温度和分类特征如何控制传感器输出差异。在一个多样化的数据集中,每个物种有三个个体被砍伐并切成小段(总数 n = 262),其中包括五个双子叶树种和三个单子叶棕榈树种,木材密度范围很广。采用时间明确的湿升/干降方法,以重力法估算了每个木段的含水率,并研究了其与介电常数的关系。木质组织密度对校准没有明显影响,但物种特征和温度对传感器读数有明显影响。在温差较大的情况下,温度误差在数量上非常重要,这可能导致以往研究中的日含水量和季节含水量动态出现重大偏差。我们建立了第一个热带树木和棕榈校准方程,该方程在估算含水量方面表现良好。值得注意的是,我们证明了该灵敏度在不同物种之间保持一致,从而建立了一个简化的单坡校准,用于精确测量与物种无关的相对含水量。我们的单斜校准法可作为评估木质组织相对含水量的通用且不受物种影响的标准校准法,为量化树木和森林生态系统的干旱响应和压力提供了宝贵的工具。
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引用次数: 0
PagKNAT2/6b regulates tension wood formation and gravitropism by targeting cytokinin metabolism. PagKNAT2/6b 通过靶向细胞分裂素代谢调节张力木的形成和引力。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae090
Mengxuan Hu, Shutang Zhao, Yanqiu Zhao, Mengzhu Lu, Xueqin Song

Tension wood is a specialized xylem tissue associated with gravitropism in angiosperm trees. However, few regulators of tension wood formation have been identified. The molecular mechanisms underpinning tension wood formation remain elusive. Here, we report that a Populus KNOTTED-like homeobox gene, PagKNAT2/6b, is involved in tension wood formation and gravity response. Transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagKNAT2/6b displayed more sensitive gravitropism than controls, as indicated by increased stem curvature. Microscopic examination revealed greater abundance of fibre cells with a gelatinous cell wall layer (G-layer) and asymmetric growth of secondary xylem in PagKNAT2/6b overexpression lines. Conversely, PagKNAT2/6b dominant repression plants exhibited decreased tension wood formation and reduced response to gravity stimulation. Moreover, sensitivity to gravity stimulation showed a negative relationship with development stage. Expression of genes related to growth and senescence was affected in PagKNAT2/6b transgenic plants. More importantly, transcription activation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that PagKNAT2/6b promotes the expression of cytokinin metabolism genes. Consistently, cytokinin content was increased in PagKNAT2/6b overexpression plants. Therefore, PagKNAT2/6b is involved in gravitropism and tension wood formation, likely via modulation of cytokinin metabolism.

张力木(TW)是一种特殊的木质部组织,与被子植物的引力相关。然而,几乎没有发现张力木形成的调节因子。支撑 TW 形成的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们报告了一个类似于杨树 KNOTTED 的同源染色体基因 PagKNAT2/6b 参与了 TW 的形成和重力反应。与对照组相比,过表达 PagKNAT2/6b 的转基因杨树植株表现出更敏感的重力反应,表现为茎弯曲度增加。显微镜检查显示,在过表达 PagKNAT2/6b 的品系中,具有胶状细胞壁层(G 层)的纤维细胞数量更多,次生木质部生长不对称。相反,PagKNAT2/6b显性抑制植株的TW形成减少,对重力刺激的反应降低。此外,对重力刺激的敏感性与发育阶段呈负相关。在 PagKNAT2/6b 转基因植株中,与生长和衰老相关的基因表达受到影响。更重要的是,转录激活和电泳迁移试验表明,PagKNAT2/6b 促进了细胞分裂素代谢基因的表达。同样,PagKNAT2/6b 过表达植株中的细胞分裂素含量也有所增加。因此,PagKNAT2/6b 可能通过调节细胞分裂素代谢参与了引力作用和 TW 的形成。
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引用次数: 0
The role of reactive oxygen species in regulation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) roots responding to acid stress. 活性氧在调节马松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)根应对酸胁迫的质膜 H +-ATPase 活性中的作用。
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae083
Sijie Zhou, Wenxin Wang, Ping Wang, Huiyan Ma, Wenhui Li

To understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulation of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in acid-stressed Masson pine roots, different acidity (pH 6.6 as the control, pH 5.6 and pH 4.6) of simulated acid rain (SAR) added with and without external chemicals (H2O2, enzyme inhibitors and ROS scavenger) was prepared. After 30 days of SAR exposure, the plant morphological phenotype attributes, levels of cellular ROS and lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activities of antioxidants, PM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and PM H+-ATPase activity in pine seedlings were measured. Compared with the control, the growth of pine seedlings exposed to SAR in the presence or absence of H2O2 was well-maintained, but the application of Na3VO4, 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea, N, N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) caused a substantial growth inhibition. In addition, SAR exposure, SAR with H2O2 treatment, and SAR with Na3VO4 treatment increased the cellular H2O2 content, O2- content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while the use of DMTU and DPI lead to relatively low levels. Similarly, the enzymatic activities of antioxidants, PM NADPH oxidase and PM H+-ATPase in acid stressed pine seedlings elevated with the increasing acidity. A significant stimulation of these enzymatic activities obtained from SAR with H2O2 treatment was observed, whereas which decreased obviously with the addition of Na3VO4, DMTU and DPI (P < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between plant morphological attributes and the PM H+-ATPase activity (P < 0.05). Besides, the PM H+-ATPase activity positively correlated with the cellular ROS contents and the enzymatic activities of antioxidants and PM NADPH oxidase (P < 0.05). Therefore, the PM H+-ATPase is instrumental in the growth of pine seedlings resisting to acid stress by enhancing its activity. The process involves the signaling transduction of cellular ROS and coordination with PM NADPH oxidase.

为了解活性氧(ROS)在酸胁迫马尾松根质膜(PM)H+-ATP酶调控中的作用,制备了添加或不添加外部化学物质[H2O2、酶抑制剂和ROS清除剂]的不同酸度(pH 6.6为对照、pH 5.6和pH 4.6)的模拟酸雨(SAR)。模拟酸雨暴露 30 天后,测定了松树幼苗的形态表型属性、细胞 ROS 和脂质过氧化水平、抗氧化剂的酶活性、PM 烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶活性和 PM H+-ATP 酶活性。与对照组相比,在有或没有 H2O2 的情况下,暴露于 SAR 的松树幼苗都能很好地保持生长,但施加 Na3VO4、1,3-二甲基-2-硫脲、N,N-二甲基硫脲(DMTU)和二苯基氯化碘(DPI)会导致生长受到严重抑制。此外,SAR 暴露、SAR 与 H2O2 处理以及 SAR 与 Na3VO4 处理都会增加细胞中的 H2O2 含量、O2-含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量,而使用 DMTU 和 DPI 则相对较低。同样,酸胁迫松树幼苗中抗氧化剂、PM NADPH氧化酶和PM H+-ATP酶的酶活性也随着酸度的增加而升高。观察到 H2O2 处理 SAR 会明显刺激这些酶的活性,而加入 Na3VO4、DMTU 和 DPI 会明显降低这些酶的活性(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Tree physiology
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